{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.118", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-23", "title": "Biofuel Economics In A Setting Of Multiple Objectives And Unintended Consequences", "description": "This paper examines biofuels from an economic perspective and evaluates the merits of promoting biofuel production in the context of the policies\u2019 multiple objectives, life-cycle implications, pecuniary externalities, and other unintended consequences. The policy goals most often cited are to reduce fossil fuel use and to lower greenhouse gas emissions. But the presence of multiple objectives and various indirect effects complicates normative evaluation. To address some of these complicating factors, we look at several combinations of policy alternatives that achieve the same set of incremental gains along the two primary targeted policy dimensions, making it possible to compare the costs and cost-effectiveness of each combination of policies. For example, when this approach is applied to U.S.-produced biofuels, they are found to be 14 to 31 times as costly as alternatives like raising the gas tax or promoting energy efficiency improvements. The analysis also finds the scale of the potential contributions of biofuels to be extremely small in both the U.S. and EU. Mandated U.S. corn ethanol production for 2025 reduces U.S. petroleum input use by 1.75%, and would have negligible net effects on CO2 emissions; and although EU imports of Brazilian ethanol may look better given the high costs of other alternatives, this option is equivalent, at most, to a 1.20% reduction in EU gasoline consumption.", "keywords": ["Q42", "Q54", "Ethanol", "ddc:330", "Q48", "Indirect Land Use Change Effects", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "Biofuel", " Biodiesel", " Cost-Effectiveness", " Indirect Land Use Change Effects", " Net Energy", " Multiple Objectives", " Ethanol", " Ghg", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biofuel", "Net Energy", "13. Climate action", "jel:Q54", "jel:Q42", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "jel:Q48", "Ghg", "Biodiesel", "Cost-Effectiveness", "Multiple Objectives"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William K. Jaeger, Thorsten M. Egelkraut, Thorsten M. Egelkraut,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.feem.it/userfiles/attach/201151994124NDL2011-037.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.118"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20and%20Sustainable%20Energy%20Reviews", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.118", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.118", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.118"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-05", "title": "The role of transaction costs for the optimal supply of carbon sequestration from cover crops in Denmark", "description": "Climate change suggests the use of carbon dioxide removal technologies, such as soil carbon sequestration in agriculture, to complement mitigation efforts. However, there could be challenges with implementing sequestration measures due to transaction costs, such as farm expenses for research, information, and planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate how transaction costs affect the cost-effective supply of carbon sequestration from cover crops in Denmark. We develop a model of the optimal adoption of cover crops, accounting for farm spatial heterogeneity and potentially nonlinear transaction costs to adoption. In the presence of transaction costs and at a carbon price of 220 \u20ac/tCO2e (suggested as an appropriate level of a CO2e tax for Danish agriculture) increased cover crop cultivation will only offset 15.4 tCO2e per year, corresponding to 0.002% of the Danish agricultural emissions reduction target. Assuming zero transaction costs overestimates the annual sequestration supply at the given price by 13,030 tCO2e. Total abatement and transaction costs for cover cropping are on average 78 \u20ac per ha and transaction costs can represent up to 90% of total costs for low carbon prices. Transaction costs also alter the cost-effective distribution of carbon sequestration across space and farm size groups.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Agriculture", "GE1-350", "cover crops", "carbon sequestration", "cost-effectiveness", "agriculture", "transaction costs"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Carbon%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14230218", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:45Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Methodological guidelines to collect data and assess the costs of Carbon Farming practices and associated MRV", "description": "This report, a deliverable of the MARVIC project, provides methodological guidelines for collecting data and assessing the costs of carbon farming (CF) practices and the associated Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) methodologies. The data collected using these guidelines will serve as critical inputs for economic analyses conducted in Work Package 5 (WP5), supporting tasks such as i) assessing the economic impacts and cost-effectiveness of CF practices and schemes, accounting for MRV costs, ii) informing workshops on MRV systems in Test Cases (TCs), and iii) the evaluation of cost-effective regulatory schemes. They will also provide insight into the trade-offs between the cost and accuracy of the MRV methodologies that will be developed in MARVIC (WP2).  This document is intended for scientists and experts in charge of the 26 MARVIC Test Cases across Europe, covering a wide range of Land-Uses and Soil Types (LUSTs), i.e., arable land on mineral soils, grassland on mineral soils, managed peatland, and agroforestry/woody crops. It provides practical guidance for standardized data collection, ensuring consistency and comparability of results. It addresses the definition and assessment of various cost (and revenue) categories induced by the adoption of a carbon farming practice and the implementation of an MRV methodology: operational costs (e.g., fertilizers, seeds, labor), opportunity costs (e.g., foregone revenues), and transaction costs (e.g., time spent to gather information on carbon farming schemes and MRV expenses). MRV costs, as a subset of transaction costs, depend on the type of policy, the precision required by the latter, and the methodology used. The report provides practical examples of CF practice costs calculation (e.g., cover /catch crops agroforestry, and peatland rewetting) and an example of MRV cost (for the French Label Bas Carbon certification framework). These are illustrative examples only, and serve to demonstrate data collection and calculation methodologies.  Several options for MRV methodologies will be designed in the frame of the MARVIC project, for the different land use and soil types. Once they are available, WP1 will provide a list and a detailed description of the major MARVIC MRV methodologies, including a breakdown into main steps and potential cost items. This information will be used to draft a simple \u201cMRV cost\u201d spreadsheet to help Test Cases collect data and assess the costs of the relevant MRV methodologies for their specific context. WP2, WP3, and Test Cases will also provide information on the accuracy and uncertainty associated with the measurements, models, and operational processing chain tools used to assess carbon removals. This information will be used in Task 5.1 economic models to assess the present and future economic impacts and cost-effectiveness of CF policies, accounting for MRV costs.", "keywords": ["MRV cost", "Cost-effectiveness", "Accuracy and uncertainty", "Monitoring", " Reporting", " and Verification (MRV)", "Carbon farming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "BAMI\u00c8RE, Laure, LOUHICHI, Kamel, PHOTINODELLIS, Roxane, MAITAH, Mansoor, ELOFSSON, Katarina, HASLER, Berit,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14230218"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14230218", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14230218", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14230218"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2020181-13807", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-13", "title": "The cost of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in farms in Central Andes of Ecuador", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Aim of study: Reduction of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions derived from food production is imperative to meet climate change mitigation targets. Sustainable mitigation strategies also combine improvements in soil fertility and structure, nutrient recycling, and the use more efficient use of water. Many of these strategies are based on agricultural know-how, with proven benefits for farmers and the environment. This paper considers measures that could contribute to emissions reduction in subsistence farming systems and evaluation of management alternatives in the Central Andes of Ecuador. We focused on potato and milk production because they represent two primary employment and income sources in the region\u2019s rural areas and are staple foods in Latin America.Area of study: Central Andes of Ecuador: Carchi, Chimborazo, Ca\u00f1ar provincesMaterial and methods: Our approach to explore the cost and the effectiveness of mitigation measures combines optimisation models with participatory methods.Main results: Results show the difference of mitigation costs between regions which should be taken into account when designing of any potential support given to farmers. They also show that there is a big mitigation potential from applying the studied measures which also lead to increased soil fertility and soil structure improvements due to the increased soil organic carbon.Research highlights: This study shows that marginal abatement cost curves derived for different agro-climatic regions are helpful tools for the development of realistic regional mitigation options for the agricultural sector.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Agricultural economics", "2. Zero hunger", "S", "Marginal abatement cost curves; cost-effectiveness; mitigation; climate change", "1. No poverty", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "mitigation", "Marginal abatement cost curves", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "11. 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Sustainable mitigation strategies also combine improvements in soil fertility and structure, nutrient recycling, and the use more efficient use of water. Many of these strategies are based on agricultural know-how, with proven benefits for farmers and the environment. This paper considers measures that could contribute to emissions reduction in subsistence farming systems and evaluation of management alternatives in the Central Andes of Ecuador. We focused on potato and milk production because they represent two primary employment and income sources in the region\u2019s rural areas and are staple foods in Latin America.Area of study: Central Andes of Ecuador: Carchi, Chimborazo, Ca\u00f1ar provincesMaterial and methods: Our approach to explore the cost and the effectiveness of mitigation measures combines optimisation models with participatory methods.Main results: Results show the difference of mitigation costs between regions which should be taken into account when designing of any potential support given to farmers. They also show that there is a big mitigation potential from applying the studied measures which also lead to increased soil fertility and soil structure improvements due to the increased soil organic carbon.Research highlights: This study shows that marginal abatement cost curves derived for different agro-climatic regions are helpful tools for the development of realistic regional mitigation options for the agricultural sector.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Agricultural economics", "2. Zero hunger", "S", "Marginal abatement cost curves; cost-effectiveness; mitigation; climate change", "1. No poverty", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "mitigation", "Marginal abatement cost curves", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "11. 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