Quantifying the effects of grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is of crucial importance for understanding soil C dynamics. However, less attention has been paid to the pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific SOC decomposition and the underlying factors associated with each C pool, representing critical knowledge gaps on soil C dynamics. In this study, we applied a state\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90the\uffe2\uff80\uff90art Bayesian data assimilation technique to re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyze previous soil incubation data to examine how herbivores influenced the fraction and cumulative respiration of labile and recalcitrant soil C pools from seven edaphically diverse sites in Yellowstone National Park, whereas those variables were not explored in the earlier study. Our results showed that grazing significantly increased cumulative respiration from both labile and recalcitrant C pools. Greater cumulative respiration from the labile C pool was related to grazers increasing labile C pool fractions, while higher cumulative respiration from the recalcitrant C pool was associated with grazers accelerating the decomposition rate of the recalcitrant C pool. Cumulative respiration from both labile and recalcitrant C pools was positively correlated with shoot biomass, soil gravimetric moisture, and soil C and nitrogen content. Our results underscore how knowledge of pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific SOC decomposition can provide a better mechanistic understanding of soil C dynamics along topo\uffe2\uff80\uff90edaphic gradients in grazed grassland.The radiocarbon signature of respired CO2 (\uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2) measured in laboratory soil incubations integrates contributions from soil carbon pools with a wide range of ages, making it a powerful model constraint. Incubating archived soils enriched by \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbomb\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffe2\uff80\uff9d from mid\uffe2\uff80\uff9020th century nuclear weapons testing would be even more powerful as it would enable us to trace this pulse over time. However, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and subsequent rewetting of archived soils, as well as storage duration, may alter the relative contribution to respiration from soil carbon pools with different cycling rates. We designed three experiments to assess air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting effects on \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 with constant storage duration (Experiment 1), without storage (Experiment 2), and with variable storage duration (Experiment 3). We found that air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting led to small but significant (\uffce\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05) shifts in \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 relative to undried controls in all experiments, with grassland soils responding more strongly than forest soils. Storage duration (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9314\uffc2\uffa0y) did not have a substantial effect. Mean differences (95% CIs) for experiments 1, 2, and 3 were: 23.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb16.6), 19.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb110.3), and 29.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb129.1) for grassland soils, versus \uffe2\uff88\uff9211.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb14.1), 12.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb18.5), and \uffe2\uff88\uff9224.2\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb113.2) for forest soils. Our results indicate that air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting soils mobilizes a slightly older pool of carbon that would otherwise be inaccessible to microbes, an effect that persists throughout the incubation. However, as the bias in \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 from air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting is small, measuring \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 in incubations of archived soils appears to be a promising technique for constraining soil carbon models.Soil microbiology has entered into the big data era, but the challenges in bridging laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90, field\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and model\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies of ecosystem functions still remain. Indeed, the limitation of factors in laboratory experiments disregards interactions of a broad range of in situ environmental drivers leading to frequent contradictions between laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies, which may consequently mislead model development and projections. Upscaling soil microbiology research from laboratory to ecosystems represents one of the grand challenges facing environmental scientists, but with great potential to inform policymakers toward climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90smart and resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficient ecosystems. The upscaling is not only a scale problem, but also requires disentangling functional relationships and processes on each level. We point to three potential reasons for the gaps between laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies (i.e., spatiotemporal dynamics, sampling disturbances, and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbial feedbacks), and three key issues of caution when bridging observations and model predictions (i.e., across\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale effect, complex\uffe2\uff80\uff90process coupling, and multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor regulation). Field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies only cover a limited range of environmental variation that must be supplemented by laboratory and mesocosm manipulative studies when revealing the underlying mechanisms. The knowledge gaps in upscaling soil microbiology from laboratory to ecosystems should motivate interdisciplinary collaboration across experimental, observational, theoretic, and modeling research.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "field in situ observation", "0303 health sciences", "soil biogeochemistry", "microbial-based models", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "soil microbiology", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "laboratory incubation", "13. Climate action", "Perspective", "global change factors", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16537"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16537", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16537", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16537"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.70071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-14", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Lateral Carbon Dynamics at an Eroding Yedoma Permafrost Site in Siberia (Duvanny Yar)", "description": "ABSTRACTRapid Arctic warming is accelerating permafrost thaw and mobilizing previously frozen organic carbon (OC) into waterways. Upon thaw, permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived OC can become susceptible to microbial degradation that may lead to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), thus accelerating climate change. Abrupt permafrost thaw (e.g., riverbank erosion, retrogressive thaw slumps) occurs in areas rich in OC. Given the high OC content and the increase in frequency of abrupt thaw events, these environments may increasingly contribute to permafrost GHG emissions in the future. To better assess these emissions from abrupt permafrost thaw, we incubated thaw stream waters from an abrupt permafrost thaw site (Duvanny Yar, Siberia) and additionally, waters from their outflow to the Kolyma River. Our results show that CO2 release by volume from thaw streams was substantially higher than CO2 emissions from the river outflow waters, while the opposite was true for CO2 release normalized to the suspended sediment weight (gram dry weight). The CH4 emissions from both thaw streams and outflow waters were at a similar range, but an order of magnitude lower than those of CO2. Additionally, we show that nearshore riverbank waters differ in their biogeochemistry from thaw streams and Kolyma River mainstem: particles resemble thaw streams while dissolved fraction is more alike to the Kolyma River thalweg. In these waters dissolved OC losses are faster than in the river thalweg. Our incubations offer a first insight into the GHG release from permafrost thaw streams that connect exposed and degrading permafrost outcrops to larger river systems.Tire-wear particles (TWPs) are being released into the environment by wearing down during car driving, and are considered an important microplastic pollution source. The chemical additive leaching from these polymer-based materials and its potential effects are likely temporally dynamic, since amounts of potentially toxic compounds can gradually increase with contact time of plastic particles with surrounding media. In the present study, we conducted soil toxicity tests using the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with different soil pre-incubation (30 and 75\uffc2\uffa0days) and exposure (short-term exposure, 2\uffc2\uffa0days; lifetime exposure, 10\uffc2\uffa0days) times. Soil pre-incubation increased toxicity of TWPs, and the effective concentrations after the pre-incubation were much lower than environmentally relevant concentrations. The lifetime of C. elegans was reduced faster in the TWP treatment groups, and the effective concentration for lifetime exposure tests were 100- to 1,000-fold lower than those of short-term exposure tests. Water-extractable metal concentrations (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the TWP-soils showed no correlation with nominal TWP concentrations or pre-incubation times, and the incorporated metals in the TWPs may be not the main reason of toxicity in this study. Our results show that toxic effects of TWPs can be time-dependent, both in terms of the microplastic particles themselves and their interactions in the soil matrix, but also because of susceptibility of target organisms depending on developmental stage. It is vital that future works consider these aspects, since otherwise effects of microplastics and TWPs could be underestimated.
", "keywords": ["lifetime", "570", "exposure time", "microplastics", "ddc:540", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "soil incubation", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.744668"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.744668", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.744668", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2021.744668"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11090870", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:19:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-10", "title": "Assessing Nitrogen Availability in Biobased Fertilizers: Effect of Vegetation on Mineralization Patterns", "description": "Biobased nitrogen (N) fertilizers derived from animal manure can substitute synthetic mineral N fertilizer and contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Practitioners need to obtain a reliable estimation of the biobased fertilizers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 N value. This study compared the estimates for pig slurry (PS) and liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) using laboratory incubation and plant-growing experiments. A no-N treatment was used as control and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as synthetic mineral fertilizer. After 100 days of incubation, the addition of PS and LFD resulted in a net N mineralization rate of 10.6 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3% and 20.6 \uffc2\uffb1 0.4% of the total applied N, respectively. The addition of CAN showed no significant net mineralization or immobilization (net N release 96 \uffc2\uffb1 6%). In the pot experiment under vegetation, all fertilized treatments caused N immobilization with a negative net N mineralization rate of \uffe2\uff88\uff9251 \uffc2\uffb1 11%, \uffe2\uff88\uff929 \uffc2\uffb1 4%, and \uffe2\uff88\uff9227 \uffc2\uffb1 10% of the total applied N in CAN, PS, and LFD treatments, respectively. Compared to the pot experiment, the laboratory incubation without vegetation may have overestimated the N value of biobased fertilizers. Vegetation resulted in a lower estimation of available N from fertilizers, probably due to intensified competition with soil microbes or increased N loss via denitrification.
", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "MICROBIAL TURNOVER", "REPLACEMENT VALUE", "Agriculture (General)", "ORGANIC-NITROGEN", "SOIL PROPERTIES", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "incubation", "maize", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "ROOT", "CROP YIELD", "digestate", "immobilization", "N MINERALIZATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY", "PIG SLURRY", "MAIZE", "N dynamics"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/9/870/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/9/870/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090870"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11090870", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11090870", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11090870"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000648810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Transformation of jarosite and iron oxyhydroxides in acid sulfate paddy soils", "description": "Open AccessMinerals containing Fe are ubiquitous in soils. By providing an abundance of sites for the sorption and incorporation of major and trace elements, Fe minerals can govern the fate and behaviour of numerous pollutants and nutrients in soils. Furthermore, the reactivity of Fe in redox-dynamic soils produces a web of Fe mineral transformation processes with broad consequences for element cycling. The importance of Fe cycling is no exception in acid sulfate soils, although the high sulfur and low pH conditions produce unique Fe mineral transformation processes and compositions. In acid sulfate soils, jarosite, an Fe-K hydroxysulfate mineral, and ferrihydrite, a common short-range-ordered Fe oxyhydroxide mineral, play a central role in the pedological development of active and post-active acid sulfate soils. Soil pH and the dynamics of metals, such as aluminium, are key to understanding the toxicity of acid sulfate soils and can be directly influenced by jarosite and ferrihydrite transformation processes. Although the transformation of Fe minerals is a key component of biogeochemical processes in redox-active soils, the variables that control the rates and pathways of Fe mineral transformations in soil remain uncertain. The uncertainty arises from the difficulty of tracing molecular processes within a matrix of diverse soil components. Iron minerals are regularly characterised in soils, but the processes that explain the Fe mineral composition of soils cannot be easily resolved. An alternative approach is to perform simplified experiments, such as mixed mineral suspension experiments, under controlled laboratory conditions, to test the effect of individual variables. These systems often use synthetic minerals, although relatively pure jarosite may also be isolated from soils and tested in mixed suspension experiments. While useful to derive mechanistic understanding, the measured outcomes of mixed suspension experiments may not represent the rates and products of transformations that occur in soils. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to gain new understanding of the stability and transformation of jarosite and ferrihydrite in acid sulfate soils by developing novel experimental techniques to follow the transformation of synthetic jarosite and ferrihydrite directly in soils. The central theme of the thesis is the comparison of jarosite and aluminium-substituted jarosite transformation in experimental media of increasing complexity. The experiments are performed under conditions that are relevant to rice paddy soils because of the importance of rice in global food production, and the unique management of rice paddies whereby regular flooding during the growing season produces distinct redox cycles. In Thailand, large areas of the Chao Phraya River delta are cultivated as rice paddies despite being acid sulfate soils, providing a suitable site to observe the effects of regular redox cycling on the biogeochemistry of Fe minerals in acid sulfate soils. The thesis begins with characterisation of synthetic and natural jarosite mineral composition and reactivity. Spectroscopic techniques (Raman spectroscopy, M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the element substitution of mineral samples from two jarosite-alunite synthetic solid solution series. The same characterisation techniques were then applied to a sample of jarosite from an acid sulfate soil in Thailand has a natural Al-for-Fe substitution. The mineral characterisation was followed by a transformation experiment in a mixed-suspension system, similar to experimental designs that have been previously used to study mineral transformation processes. The experiment followed the transformation of the natural jarosite sample from an acid sulfate soil in Thailand and three jarosite samples with variable amounts of Al substitution. The reaction solution mimicked the pH (circumneutral) and Fe(II) content (up to 1:1 ratio of Fe(II) in solution to Fe(III) in solids) of flooded acid sulfate soils. Furthermore, using a 57Fe tracer, the simultaneous transformation processes that explained the distribution of mineral products could be resolved from one another. The transformation experiment revealed the relative reactivity of the minerals in the presence of Fe(II), and created a baseline that could be used to compare traditional mixed-suspension experiments with transformations in complex media such as soil. To advance mineral transformation experiments towards studies in which transformation processes may be followed within a soil matrix, several novel techniques were developed. In a first step, ferrihydrite was incubated for up to twelve weeks in microcosms, each containing 300 g of 5 mM CaCl2 solution and 250 g of one of five paddy soils. The ferrihydrite was buried in the soil within a mesh bag (polyethel terephthalate, 51 \u03bcm pores, 30 mm x 12 mm x 3 mm) that allowed free contact between the synthetic minerals and the pore water, but separated the minerals from direct contact with the soil matrix. The mineral products of the transformation were identified and quantified by Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns. Further, the spatial arrangements of the ferrihydrite and transformation products were measured after two weeks by Raman spectroscopy, which could be used to assess the effects of pore water chemistry and diffusion processes on mineral transformation in the mesh bags. The second step involved measuring jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite transformation in flooded topsoil and subsoils from a rice paddy located on the Bangkok Plain in Central Thailand using an adaptation of the mesh bag method. To test the effect of pore water on the transformation of jarosite in soil, mesh bags were filled with synthetic jarosite and aluminium-jarosite and incubated in topsoils and subsoils, both in laboratory mesocosms and directly in the field. Then, the effect of the soil matrix was tested by completing a parallel experiment using mesh bags containing soil that was pre-enriched with synthetic 57Fe-labelled jarosite and aluminium-substituted jarosite. To facilitate the deployment and collection of small mesh bags in large soil volumes, the mesh bags were inserted into soils using custom-designed 3D-printed sample holders. At three timepoints within twelve weeks, one set of mesh bags were removed from the soil. Transformation products were identified and quantified in the pure jarosite and aluminium-jarosite mesh bags using Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns, while the fate of the 57Fe in enriched soil mesh bags was traced using 57Fe M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy. Performing experiments in increasingly complex media provides an insight into the effect of experimental design on the observation of Fe mineral transformations and provides new information regarding the transformation rates and pathways of jarosite and ferrihydrite within full complexity of soil media. Indeed, this thesis demonstrates that the complex chemistry, biological activity, and physical arrangement of components in the soil have strong effects on the rate and products of jarosite and ferrihydrite transformation processes. The transformation of jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite in mixed-suspension experiments presented in this thesis, in agreement with previous mixed-suspension experiments on both jarosite and ferrihydrite, occurred within a matter of hours. By contrast, the rate of ferrihydrite, jarosite and Al-jarosite transformation in soil pore and in direct contact with the soil matrix occurred over the course of several weeks or months. In the ferrihydrite mesh bags, slow ferrihydrite transformation kinetics on the outer rim of the mesh bag, and deep in the core of the mesh bag, indicated that the sorption of chemical components of soil pore water and diffusion limitations of Fe(II) in pore water could be reasons for the slower rates of transformation in soil. In addition, both Al-for-Fe substitution and Fe(II) concentration in solution were important factors that altered the rate of mineral transformation. The different incubation conditions for jarosite and Al-jarosite also altered the products of the transformation. Whereas the hydrolysis of jarosite in the absence of Fe(II) resulted primarily in the formation of ferrihydrite, jarosite transformation in the presence of Fe(II) led to ferrihydrite, goethite and lepidocrocite formation. The Fe oxyhydroxide products were consistent with Fe(II)-catalysed transformation, and Fe(II)-catalysed recrystallisation of jarosite may have occurred concurrently. Aluminium-for-iron substitution hindered the formation of lepidocrocite formation in favour of ferrihydrite and goethite. Similar product phases occurred when jarosite and Al-jarosite were reacted with pore water from acid sulfate soils, indicating that similar transformation pathways may define the mineral products of jarosite transformations when the jarosite occurs as accumulations of pure mineral in soil. However, non- or poorly crystalline phases predominated in the transformation products when jarosite or Al-jarosite were incubated in direct contact with the soil matrix, indicating that the transformation of jarosite under these circumstances was governed by different pathways and processes. The new insights into the transformation of ferrihydrite, jarosite and Al-jarosite in acid sulfate soils demonstrate that phases previously considered meta-stable may participate in the biogeochemistry of soil over period of several months. In the context of rice cultivation, the transformation processes may affect the biogeochemistry of the soils throughout the growing season. The formation of poorly crystalline minerals following the transformation in flooded soils may have positive consequences on the sequestration of other trace and major elements that were associated with the ferrihydrite, jarosite or Al-jarosite prior to the transformation. However, the stabilisation of reduced Fe in the soil matrix may have the opposite effect, promoting the mobility of other ions in solution. The methods used to incubate jarosite and ferrihydrite in soils are easily adaptable to new experimental questions involving the behaviour of Fe-bearing minerals in soil. Therefore, the findings open up a new class of experiments within environmental mineralogy and biogeochemistry, that can help to uncover the processes that occur in the environment and explain the natural variation in the composition of Fe phases in soil.", "keywords": ["jarosite", "iron biogeochemistry", "soil chemistry", "acid sulfate soil", "laboratory study", "ferrihydrite", "soil", "soil incubation", "redox chemistry", "goethite", "iron minerals", "2. Zero hunger", "soil biogeochemistry", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy", "rice paddy soil", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Earth sciences", "lepidocrocite", "field study", "13. Climate action", "Raman spectroscopy", "iron oxyhydroxide", "mineral transformation", "iron minerals; mineral transformation; soil; soil chemistry; soil mineralogy; soil biogeochemistry; redox chemistry; iron biogeochemistry; acid sulfate soil; rice paddy soil; jarosite; ferrihydrite; goethite; lepidocrocite; iron oxyhydroxide; M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; field study; laboratory study; soil incubation", "soil mineralogy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grigg, Andrew R.C.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000648810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Thesis/Dissertation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000648810", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000648810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000648810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:19:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: How do harvesting methods applied in continuous-cover forestry and rotation forest management impact soil carbon storage and degradability in boreal Scots pine forests?", "description": "unspecifiedA detailed method description can be found in the article published in Forest Ecology and Management and the supplementary material.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "Decomposition", "microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "Continuous-cover forestry", "FOS: Agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "15. Life on land", "incubation", "Soil organic matter fractions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10537332", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:19:56Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Moisture and temperature effects on the radiocarbon signature of respired carbon dioxide to assess stability of soil carbon in the Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Open AccessThis study was developed as part of the International Research Training Group (GRK 2309/1) Geo-ecosystems in transition on the Tibetan Plateau' (TransTiP) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).", "keywords": ["Radiocarbon (14C)", "Age", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "Transit time", "Peatland", "Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP)", "Incubation", "Grassland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tangarife-Escobar, Andres, Guggenberger, Georg, Feng, Xiaojuan, Dai, Guohua, Urbina-Malo, Carolina, Azizi-Rad, Mina, Sierra, Carlos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10537332"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10537332", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10537332", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10537332"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14568729", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:20:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Biogeochemistry and greenhouse gases at an eroding Yedoma permafrost site in Siberia (Duvanny Yar)", "description": "This datafile is a supplement to a publication titled 'Greenhouse gas emissions and lateral carbon dynamics at an eroding Yedoma permafrost site in Siberia (Duvanny Yar)' by Keskitalo et al. 2025 in Global Change Biology\u00a0https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70071. This dataset consists of biogeochemical data from thaw streams and outflow sites at Duvanny Yar, Siberia. The dataset also includes biogeochemical and greenhouse gas data during incubations of thaw stream and outflow waters.", "keywords": ["organic carbon cycle", "CH4", "arctic", "CO2", "riverbank erosion", "incubation", "thaw stream"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Keskitalo, Kirsi H., Br\u00f6der, Lisa, Jong, Dirk J., Mann, Paul J., Tesi, Tommaso, Davydova, Anna, Zimov, Nikita, Haghipour, Negar, Eglinton, Timothy I., Vonk, Jorien E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14568729"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14568729", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14568729", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14568729"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.2645510", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:20:49Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "C-isotopic signatures and soil properties of Amazon basin oxisols", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset presents C isotopic data from two sites (Apu\u00ed and Manacapuru) located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Soils were sampled at three time periods, under weak raining (March-2016), extreme dry (August-2016), and strong wet (March-2017) conditions. The dataset first presents general information about the site (on the tab 'site'), followed by more detailed information (on the tab 'profile') about both sampling locations. The coordinates, altitude, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, soil order in USDA taxonomy and their respective land use categories and vegetation classifications are described. On the 'layer' tab, information about the soil depth, percent sand, silt and clay, pH CaCl2 and H2O, Organic and Total Carbon, total nitrogen and carbon/nitrogen ratio are described. The bulk C-isotopic signature is also listed on this tab as the Bulk Layer \u039414C and its standard deviation, Bulk Layer Fraction Modern and its standard deviation. The 'Incubation' tab describes details of the soil incubations conducted at Apu\u00ed and Manacapuru. Information about the material and length of incubation, as well as the CO2 fluxes over the duration of incubation are reported. The respired C-isotopic signature during the incubation is also given on this tab as the incubation \u039414C and its standard deviation, incubation Fraction Modern and its standard deviation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Total Carbon", "Organic Carbon", "14C", "13. Climate action", "Incubation", "Amazon basin", "15. Life on land", "ISRaD", "Oxisols", "Carbon Isotope"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kuhnen, \u00c1gatha, Matschullat, J\u00f6rg, Sierra, Carlos A, Lima, R. M. B. de,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2645510"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.2645510", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.2645510", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.2645510"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6992753", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset to Manuscript: Schiedung et al. (2023; SBB) Enhanced loss but limited mobility of pyrogenic and organic matter in continuous permafrost-affected forest soils.", "description": "Dataset to Schiedung et al. (2023; SBB) Enhanced loss but limited mobility of pyrogenic and organic matter in continuous permafrost-affected forest soils. All published data is provided in the files 'dd_'. This includes: dd_cores: All data of soil cores and with depth dd_fractions: All data obtained from fractionation of the 0-3cm core layers dd_teabag: All data and mass losses of incubated teabags dd_temperature: All data and recorded soil temperatures All parameters and names are described in the corresponding file starting with 'Var_names_'. Details on methods and calculations are given in the manuscript and supporting information. NanoSIMS data is provided in the folder 'dd_NanoSIMS.zip'. This contains a file with descriptions of the provided tif-files 'dd_NanoSIMS'. Descriptions of the variables and parameters as well as further instructions are given in the file 'Var_names_description_dd_NanoSIMS'. Images and additional data can be requested by the corresponding author (marcusschiedung@gmail.com).", "keywords": ["Pyrogenic carbon", "Isotopes", "Soil organic carbon", "Permafrost", "in-situ incubation", "Teabag", "15. Life on land", "13C lebelling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992753"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6992753", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6992753", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6992753"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1081ac75-78f7-4db3-b8cc-23b78a3aa769", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-172.5, -38.6], [-172.5, 64.9], [153.1, 64.9], [153.1, -38.6], [-172.5, -38.6]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Australia"}, {"id": "Botswana"}, {"id": "Brazil"}, {"id": "Cameroon"}, {"id": "China"}, {"id": "Colombia"}, {"id": "Costa Rica"}, {"id": "Cote d Ivoire"}, {"id": "Cuba"}, {"id": "Ecuador"}, {"id": "Finland"}, {"id": "France"}, {"id": "Gabon"}, {"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Ghana"}, {"id": "Greece"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Spain"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:10", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "A Globally Distributed Soil Spectral Library Visible Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra", "description": "The ICRAF-ISRIC Soil VNIR Spectral Library contains visible near infrared spectra of 4,438 soils selected from the Soil Information System (ISIS) of the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC). The samples consist of all physically archived samples at ISRIC in 2004 for which soil attribute data was available. The spectra were measured at the World Agroforestry Center's (ICRAF) Soil and Plant Spectral Diagnostic Laboratory. The samples are from 58 countries spanning Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Associated attribute data, such as geographical coordinates, horizon (depth), and physical and chemical properties, are provided in a single relational database. The purpose of the library is to provide a resource for research and applications for sensing soil quality both in the laboratory and from space.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["soil profiles", "colour", "moisture", "texture", "spectroscopy data", "Soil science", "Australia", "Botswana", "Brazil", "Cameroon", "China", "Colombia", "Costa Rica", "Cote d Ivoire", "Cuba", "Ecuador", "Finland", "France", "Gabon", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Hungary", "Spain"], "contacts": [{"name": "Keith Shepherd", "organization": "World Agroforestry Centre", "position": "Senior scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "afsis.info@africasoils.net"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 30677"], "city": "Nairobi", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00100", "country": "Kenya"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Stephan Mantel", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Sustainable land management", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "stephan.mantel@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "100000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/other/", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/explore/ISRIC-collections", "name": "Project webpage ISRIC", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://www.worldagroforestry.org/sd/landhealth/soil-plant-spectral-diagnostics-laboratory/soil-spectra-library", "name": "Project webpage ICRAF", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "http://worldagroforestry.org/sites/default/files/Description_ICRAF-ISRIC%20Soil%20VNIR%20Spectral%20Library.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/other/ICRAF-ISRICVNIRSoilDatabase.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1081ac75-78f7-4db3-b8cc-23b78a3aa769", "name": "item", "description": "1081ac75-78f7-4db3-b8cc-23b78a3aa769", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1081ac75-78f7-4db3-b8cc-23b78a3aa769"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1996-11-01T00:00:00Z", "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/648810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:22:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Transformation of jarosite and iron oxyhydroxides in acid sulfate paddy soils", "description": "Open AccessMinerals containing Fe are ubiquitous in soils. By providing an abundance of sites for the sorption and incorporation of major and trace elements, Fe minerals can govern the fate and behaviour of numerous pollutants and nutrients in soils. Furthermore, the reactivity of Fe in redox-dynamic soils produces a web of Fe mineral transformation processes with broad consequences for element cycling. The importance of Fe cycling is no exception in acid sulfate soils, although the high sulfur and low pH conditions produce unique Fe mineral transformation processes and compositions. In acid sulfate soils, jarosite, an Fe-K hydroxysulfate mineral, and ferrihydrite, a common short-range-ordered Fe oxyhydroxide mineral, play a central role in the pedological development of active and post-active acid sulfate soils. Soil pH and the dynamics of metals, such as aluminium, are key to understanding the toxicity of acid sulfate soils and can be directly influenced by jarosite and ferrihydrite transformation processes. Although the transformation of Fe minerals is a key component of biogeochemical processes in redox-active soils, the variables that control the rates and pathways of Fe mineral transformations in soil remain uncertain. The uncertainty arises from the difficulty of tracing molecular processes within a matrix of diverse soil components. Iron minerals are regularly characterised in soils, but the processes that explain the Fe mineral composition of soils cannot be easily resolved. An alternative approach is to perform simplified experiments, such as mixed mineral suspension experiments, under controlled laboratory conditions, to test the effect of individual variables. These systems often use synthetic minerals, although relatively pure jarosite may also be isolated from soils and tested in mixed suspension experiments. While useful to derive mechanistic understanding, the measured outcomes of mixed suspension experiments may not represent the rates and products of transformations that occur in soils. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to gain new understanding of the stability and transformation of jarosite and ferrihydrite in acid sulfate soils by developing novel experimental techniques to follow the transformation of synthetic jarosite and ferrihydrite directly in soils. The central theme of the thesis is the comparison of jarosite and aluminium-substituted jarosite transformation in experimental media of increasing complexity. The experiments are performed under conditions that are relevant to rice paddy soils because of the importance of rice in global food production, and the unique management of rice paddies whereby regular flooding during the growing season produces distinct redox cycles. In Thailand, large areas of the Chao Phraya River delta are cultivated as rice paddies despite being acid sulfate soils, providing a suitable site to observe the effects of regular redox cycling on the biogeochemistry of Fe minerals in acid sulfate soils. The thesis begins with characterisation of synthetic and natural jarosite mineral composition and reactivity. Spectroscopic techniques (Raman spectroscopy, M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the element substitution of mineral samples from two jarosite-alunite synthetic solid solution series. The same characterisation techniques were then applied to a sample of jarosite from an acid sulfate soil in Thailand has a natural Al-for-Fe substitution. The mineral characterisation was followed by a transformation experiment in a mixed-suspension system, similar to experimental designs that have been previously used to study mineral transformation processes. The experiment followed the transformation of the natural jarosite sample from an acid sulfate soil in Thailand and three jarosite samples with variable amounts of Al substitution. The reaction solution mimicked the pH (circumneutral) and Fe(II) content (up to 1:1 ratio of Fe(II) in solution to Fe(III) in solids) of flooded acid sulfate soils. Furthermore, using a 57Fe tracer, the simultaneous transformation processes that explained the distribution of mineral products could be resolved from one another. The transformation experiment revealed the relative reactivity of the minerals in the presence of Fe(II), and created a baseline that could be used to compare traditional mixed-suspension experiments with transformations in complex media such as soil. To advance mineral transformation experiments towards studies in which transformation processes may be followed within a soil matrix, several novel techniques were developed. In a first step, ferrihydrite was incubated for up to twelve weeks in microcosms, each containing 300 g of 5 mM CaCl2 solution and 250 g of one of five paddy soils. The ferrihydrite was buried in the soil within a mesh bag (polyethel terephthalate, 51 \u03bcm pores, 30 mm x 12 mm x 3 mm) that allowed free contact between the synthetic minerals and the pore water, but separated the minerals from direct contact with the soil matrix. The mineral products of the transformation were identified and quantified by Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns. Further, the spatial arrangements of the ferrihydrite and transformation products were measured after two weeks by Raman spectroscopy, which could be used to assess the effects of pore water chemistry and diffusion processes on mineral transformation in the mesh bags. The second step involved measuring jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite transformation in flooded topsoil and subsoils from a rice paddy located on the Bangkok Plain in Central Thailand using an adaptation of the mesh bag method. To test the effect of pore water on the transformation of jarosite in soil, mesh bags were filled with synthetic jarosite and aluminium-jarosite and incubated in topsoils and subsoils, both in laboratory mesocosms and directly in the field. Then, the effect of the soil matrix was tested by completing a parallel experiment using mesh bags containing soil that was pre-enriched with synthetic 57Fe-labelled jarosite and aluminium-substituted jarosite. To facilitate the deployment and collection of small mesh bags in large soil volumes, the mesh bags were inserted into soils using custom-designed 3D-printed sample holders. At three timepoints within twelve weeks, one set of mesh bags were removed from the soil. Transformation products were identified and quantified in the pure jarosite and aluminium-jarosite mesh bags using Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns, while the fate of the 57Fe in enriched soil mesh bags was traced using 57Fe M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy. Performing experiments in increasingly complex media provides an insight into the effect of experimental design on the observation of Fe mineral transformations and provides new information regarding the transformation rates and pathways of jarosite and ferrihydrite within full complexity of soil media. Indeed, this thesis demonstrates that the complex chemistry, biological activity, and physical arrangement of components in the soil have strong effects on the rate and products of jarosite and ferrihydrite transformation processes. The transformation of jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite in mixed-suspension experiments presented in this thesis, in agreement with previous mixed-suspension experiments on both jarosite and ferrihydrite, occurred within a matter of hours. By contrast, the rate of ferrihydrite, jarosite and Al-jarosite transformation in soil pore and in direct contact with the soil matrix occurred over the course of several weeks or months. In the ferrihydrite mesh bags, slow ferrihydrite transformation kinetics on the outer rim of the mesh bag, and deep in the core of the mesh bag, indicated that the sorption of chemical components of soil pore water and diffusion limitations of Fe(II) in pore water could be reasons for the slower rates of transformation in soil. In addition, both Al-for-Fe substitution and Fe(II) concentration in solution were important factors that altered the rate of mineral transformation. The different incubation conditions for jarosite and Al-jarosite also altered the products of the transformation. Whereas the hydrolysis of jarosite in the absence of Fe(II) resulted primarily in the formation of ferrihydrite, jarosite transformation in the presence of Fe(II) led to ferrihydrite, goethite and lepidocrocite formation. The Fe oxyhydroxide products were consistent with Fe(II)-catalysed transformation, and Fe(II)-catalysed recrystallisation of jarosite may have occurred concurrently. Aluminium-for-iron substitution hindered the formation of lepidocrocite formation in favour of ferrihydrite and goethite. Similar product phases occurred when jarosite and Al-jarosite were reacted with pore water from acid sulfate soils, indicating that similar transformation pathways may define the mineral products of jarosite transformations when the jarosite occurs as accumulations of pure mineral in soil. However, non- or poorly crystalline phases predominated in the transformation products when jarosite or Al-jarosite were incubated in direct contact with the soil matrix, indicating that the transformation of jarosite under these circumstances was governed by different pathways and processes. The new insights into the transformation of ferrihydrite, jarosite and Al-jarosite in acid sulfate soils demonstrate that phases previously considered meta-stable may participate in the biogeochemistry of soil over period of several months. In the context of rice cultivation, the transformation processes may affect the biogeochemistry of the soils throughout the growing season. The formation of poorly crystalline minerals following the transformation in flooded soils may have positive consequences on the sequestration of other trace and major elements that were associated with the ferrihydrite, jarosite or Al-jarosite prior to the transformation. However, the stabilisation of reduced Fe in the soil matrix may have the opposite effect, promoting the mobility of other ions in solution. The methods used to incubate jarosite and ferrihydrite in soils are easily adaptable to new experimental questions involving the behaviour of Fe-bearing minerals in soil. Therefore, the findings open up a new class of experiments within environmental mineralogy and biogeochemistry, that can help to uncover the processes that occur in the environment and explain the natural variation in the composition of Fe phases in soil.", "keywords": ["jarosite", "iron biogeochemistry", "soil chemistry", "acid sulfate soil", "laboratory study", "ferrihydrite", "soil", "soil incubation", "redox chemistry", "goethite", "iron minerals", "2. Zero hunger", "soil biogeochemistry", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy", "rice paddy soil", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Earth sciences", "lepidocrocite", "field study", "13. Climate action", "Raman spectroscopy", "iron oxyhydroxide", "mineral transformation", "iron minerals; mineral transformation; soil; soil chemistry; soil mineralogy; soil biogeochemistry; redox chemistry; iron biogeochemistry; acid sulfate soil; rice paddy soil; jarosite; ferrihydrite; goethite; lepidocrocite; iron oxyhydroxide; M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; field study; laboratory study; soil incubation", "soil mineralogy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grigg, Andrew R.C.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/648810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Thesis/Dissertation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/648810", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/648810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/648810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1b65024a-cd9f-11e9-a8f9-a0481ca9e724", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-172.5, -38.6], [-172.5, 64.9], [153.1, 64.9], [153.1, -38.6], [-172.5, -38.6]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Australia"}, {"id": "Botswana"}, {"id": "Brazil"}, {"id": "Cameroon"}, {"id": "China"}, {"id": "Colombia"}, {"id": "Costa Rica"}, {"id": "Cote d Ivoire"}, {"id": "Cuba"}, {"id": "Ecuador"}, {"id": "Finland"}, {"id": "France"}, {"id": "Gabon"}, {"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Ghana"}, {"id": "Greece"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Spain"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:27", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "A Globally Distributed Soil Spectral Library Mid Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra", "description": "The ICRAF-ISRIC Soil MIR Spectral Library contains visible near infrared spectra of 4,438 soils selected from the Soil Information System (ISIS) of the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC). The samples consist of all physically archived samples at ISRIC in 2004 for which soil attribute data was available. The spectra were measured at the World Agroforestry Center's (ICRAF) Soil and Plant Spectral Diagnostic Laboratory. The samples are from 58 countries spanning Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Associated attribute data, such as geographical coordinates, horizon (depth), and physical and chemical properties, are provided in a single relational database. The purpose of the library is to provide a resource for research and applications for sensing soil quality both in the laboratory and from space", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["soil profiles", "colour", "moisture", "texture", "spectroscopy data", "Soil science", "Australia", "Botswana", "Brazil", "Cameroon", "China", "Colombia", "Costa Rica", "Cote d Ivoire", "Cuba", "Ecuador", "Finland", "France", "Gabon", "Germany", "Ghana", "Greece", "Hungary", "Spain"], "contacts": [{"name": "Keith Shepherd", "organization": "World Agroforestry Centre", "position": "Senior scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "afsis.info@africasoils.net"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 30677"], "city": "Nairobi", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00100", "country": "Kenya"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Stephan Mantel", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Sustainable land management", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "stephan.mantel@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "100000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/other/", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/explore/ISRIC-collections", "name": "Project webpage ISRIC", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://www.worldagroforestry.org/sd/landhealth/soil-plant-spectral-diagnostics-laboratory/soil-spectra-library", "name": "Project webpage ICRAF", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "http://worldagroforestry.org/sites/default/files/Description_ICRAF-ISRIC%20Soil%20VNIR%20Spectral%20Library.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/other/ICRAF-ISRICVNIRSoilDatabase.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1b65024a-cd9f-11e9-a8f9-a0481ca9e724", "name": "item", "description": "1b65024a-cd9f-11e9-a8f9-a0481ca9e724", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1b65024a-cd9f-11e9-a8f9-a0481ca9e724"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1996-11-01T00:00:00Z", "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/693515", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:22:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-27", "title": "Stability and transformation of jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite in an acid sulfate paddy soil under laboratory and field conditions", "description": "Open AccessGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 382", "keywords": ["Redox", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil incubation", "Mossbauer spectroscopy", "Iron minerals; Mossbauer spectroscopy; Redox; Rice paddy; Soil incubation", "Rice paddy", "15. Life on land", "Iron minerals", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/693515"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/693515", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/693515", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/693515"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/723950", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:22:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-14", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Lateral Carbon Dynamics at an Eroding Yedoma Permafrost Site in Siberia (Duvanny Yar)", "description": "ABSTRACTRapid Arctic warming is accelerating permafrost thaw and mobilizing previously frozen organic carbon (OC) into waterways. Upon thaw, permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived OC can become susceptible to microbial degradation that may lead to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), thus accelerating climate change. Abrupt permafrost thaw (e.g., riverbank erosion, retrogressive thaw slumps) occurs in areas rich in OC. Given the high OC content and the increase in frequency of abrupt thaw events, these environments may increasingly contribute to permafrost GHG emissions in the future. To better assess these emissions from abrupt permafrost thaw, we incubated thaw stream waters from an abrupt permafrost thaw site (Duvanny Yar, Siberia) and additionally, waters from their outflow to the Kolyma River. Our results show that CO2 release by volume from thaw streams was substantially higher than CO2 emissions from the river outflow waters, while the opposite was true for CO2 release normalized to the suspended sediment weight (gram dry weight). The CH4 emissions from both thaw streams and outflow waters were at a similar range, but an order of magnitude lower than those of CO2. Additionally, we show that nearshore riverbank waters differ in their biogeochemistry from thaw streams and Kolyma River mainstem: particles resemble thaw streams while dissolved fraction is more alike to the Kolyma River thalweg. In these waters dissolved OC losses are faster than in the river thalweg. Our incubations offer a first insight into the GHG release from permafrost thaw streams that connect exposed and degrading permafrost outcrops to larger river systems.The radiocarbon signature of respired CO2 (\uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2) measured in laboratory soil incubations integrates contributions from soil carbon pools with a wide range of ages, making it a powerful model constraint. Incubating archived soils enriched by \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbomb\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffe2\uff80\uff9d from mid\uffe2\uff80\uff9020th century nuclear weapons testing would be even more powerful as it would enable us to trace this pulse over time. However, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and subsequent rewetting of archived soils, as well as storage duration, may alter the relative contribution to respiration from soil carbon pools with different cycling rates. We designed three experiments to assess air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting effects on \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 with constant storage duration (Experiment 1), without storage (Experiment 2), and with variable storage duration (Experiment 3). We found that air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting led to small but significant (\uffce\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05) shifts in \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 relative to undried controls in all experiments, with grassland soils responding more strongly than forest soils. Storage duration (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9314\uffc2\uffa0y) did not have a substantial effect. Mean differences (95% CIs) for experiments 1, 2, and 3 were: 23.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb16.6), 19.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb110.3), and 29.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb129.1) for grassland soils, versus \uffe2\uff88\uff9211.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb14.1), 12.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb18.5), and \uffe2\uff88\uff9224.2\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb113.2) for forest soils. Our results indicate that air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting soils mobilizes a slightly older pool of carbon that would otherwise be inaccessible to microbes, an effect that persists throughout the incubation. However, as the bias in \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 from air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting is small, measuring \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 in incubations of archived soils appears to be a promising technique for constraining soil carbon models.Quantifying the effects of grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is of crucial importance for understanding soil C dynamics. However, less attention has been paid to the pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific SOC decomposition and the underlying factors associated with each C pool, representing critical knowledge gaps on soil C dynamics. In this study, we applied a state\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90the\uffe2\uff80\uff90art Bayesian data assimilation technique to re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyze previous soil incubation data to examine how herbivores influenced the fraction and cumulative respiration of labile and recalcitrant soil C pools from seven edaphically diverse sites in Yellowstone National Park, whereas those variables were not explored in the earlier study. Our results showed that grazing significantly increased cumulative respiration from both labile and recalcitrant C pools. Greater cumulative respiration from the labile C pool was related to grazers increasing labile C pool fractions, while higher cumulative respiration from the recalcitrant C pool was associated with grazers accelerating the decomposition rate of the recalcitrant C pool. Cumulative respiration from both labile and recalcitrant C pools was positively correlated with shoot biomass, soil gravimetric moisture, and soil C and nitrogen content. Our results underscore how knowledge of pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific SOC decomposition can provide a better mechanistic understanding of soil C dynamics along topo\uffe2\uff80\uff90edaphic gradients in grazed grassland.