The land surface controls the partitioning of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a crucial role in the climate system. The coupling between soil moisture and air temperature, in particular, has been shown to affect the severity and occurrence of temperature extremes and heat waves. Here we study soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling in five land surface models, focusing on the terrestrial segment of the coupling in the warm season. All models are run off\uffe2\uff80\uff90line over a common period with identical atmospheric forcing data, in order to allow differences in the results to be attributed to the models' partitioning of energy and water fluxes. Coupling is calculated according to two semiempirical metrics, and results are compared to observational flux tower data. Results show that the locations of the global hot spots of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling are similar across all models and for both metrics. In agreement with previous studies, these areas are located in transitional climate regimes. The magnitude and local patterns of model coupling, however, can vary considerably. Model coupling fields are compared to tower data, bearing in mind the limitations in the geographical distribution of flux towers and the differences in representative area of models and in situ data. Nevertheless, model coupling correlates in space with the tower\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results (r = 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7), with the multimodel mean performing similarly to the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing model. Intermodel differences are also found in the evaporative fractions and may relate to errors in model parameterizations and ancillary data of soil and vegetation characteristics.
", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "FLUXES", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "models", "WATER", "SCALE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land surface", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "eartH2Observe", "temperature", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "CLIMATE", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "land surface models", "SENSIBLE HEAT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-17", "title": "GLEAM\u00a0v3: satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture", "description": "Abstract. The Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) is a set of algorithms dedicated to the estimation of terrestrial evaporation and root-zone soil moisture from satellite data. Ever since its development in 2011, the model has been regularly revised, aiming at the optimal incorporation of new satellite-observed geophysical variables, and improving the representation of physical processes. In this study, the next version of this model (v3) is presented. Key changes relative to the previous version include (1)\uffc2\uffa0a revised formulation of the evaporative stress, (2)\uffc2\uffa0an optimized drainage algorithm, and (3)\uffc2\uffa0a new soil moisture data assimilation system. GLEAM\uffc2\uffa0v3 is used to produce three new data sets of terrestrial evaporation and root-zone soil moisture, including a 36-year data set spanning 1980\uffe2\uff80\uff932015, referred to as v3a (based on satellite-observed soil moisture, vegetation optical depth and snow-water equivalent, reanalysis air temperature and radiation, and a multi-source precipitation product), and two satellite-based data sets. The latter share most of their forcing, except for the vegetation optical depth and soil moisture, which are based on observations from different passive and active C- and L-band microwave sensors (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, ESA CCI) for the v3b data set (spanning 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932015) and observations from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite in the v3c data set (spanning 2011\uffe2\uff80\uff932015). Here, these three data sets are described in detail, compared against analogous data sets generated using the previous version of GLEAM (v2), and validated against measurements from 91 eddy-covariance towers and 2325 soil moisture sensors across a broad range of ecosystems. Results indicate that the quality of the v3 soil moisture is consistently better than the one from v2: average correlations against in situ surface soil moisture measurements increase from 0.61 to 0.64 in the case of the v3a data set and the representation of soil moisture in the second layer improves as well, with correlations increasing from 0.47 to 0.53. Similar improvements are observed for the v3b and c data sets. Despite regional differences, the quality of the evaporation fluxes remains overall similar to the one obtained using the previous version of GLEAM, with average correlations against eddy-covariance measurements ranging between 0.78 and 0.81 for the different data sets. These global data sets of terrestrial evaporation and root-zone soil moisture are now openly available at www.GLEAM.eu and may be used for large-scale hydrological applications, climate studies, or research on land\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere feedbacks.
", "keywords": ["TERRESTRIAL WATER FLUXES", "QE1-996.5", "PONDEROSA PINE", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "WACMOS-ET PROJECT", "TRIPLE COLLOCATION ANALYSIS", "DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "EDDY-COVARIANCE", "PARAMETER RETRIEVAL MODEL", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "ENERGY-BALANCE", "14. Life underwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/10/1903/2017/gmd-10-1903-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-12", "title": "The uncertain role of rising atmospheric CO2 on global plant transpiration", "description": "As CO2 concentration in the atmosphere rises, there is a need for improved physical understanding of its impact on global plant transpiration. This knowledge gap poses a major hurdle in robustly projecting changes in the global hydrologic cycle. For this reason, here we review the different processes by which atmospheric CO2 concentration affects plant transpiration, the several uncertainties related to the complex physiological and radiative processes involved, and the knowledge gaps which need to be filled in order to improve predictions of plant transpiration. Although there is a high degree of certainty that rising CO2 will impact plant transpiration, the exact nature of this impact remains unclear due to complex interactions between CO2 and climate, and key aspects of plant morphology and physiology. The interplay between these factors has substantial consequences not only for future climate and global vegetation, but also for water availability needed for sustaining the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Future changes in global plant transpiration in response to enhanced CO2 are expected to be driven by water availability, atmospheric evaporative demand, plant physiological processes, emergent plant disturbances related to increasing temperatures, and the modification of plant physiology and coverage. Considering the universal sensitivity of natural and agricultural systems to terrestrial water availability we argue that reliable future projections of transpiration is an issue of the highest priority, which can only be achieved by integrating monitoring and modeling efforts to improve the representation of CO2 effects on plant transpiration in the next generation of earth system models. \u00a9 2022 The Authors", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT", "COMMUNITY LAND MODEL", "DECIDUOUS FOREST TREES", "TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST", "EARTH SYSTEM MODELS", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "Earth system models", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration", "03 medical and health sciences", "DYNAMIC VEGETATION MODELS", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "MOJAVE DESERT SHRUBS", "Climate change", "CO2", "ELEVATED CO2", "Atmospheric water demand", "WATER-USE EFFICIENCY", "Projections", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth-Science%20Reviews", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-09", "title": "Earthworm Effects On The Incorporation Of Litter C And N Into Soil Organic Matter In A Sugar Maple Forest", "description": "To examine the mechanisms of earthworm effects on forest soil C and N, we double\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled leaf litter with13C and15N, applied it to sugar maple forest plots with and without earthworms, and traced isotopes into soil pools. The experimental design included forest plots with different earthworm community composition (dominated byLumbricus terrestrisorL. rubellus). Soil carbon pools were 37% lower in earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded plots largely because of the elimination of the forest floor horizons, and mineral soil C:N was lower in earthworm plots despite the mixing of high C:N organic matter into soil by earthworms. Litter disappearance over the first winter\uffe2\uff80\uff93spring was highest in theL. terrestris(T) plots, but during the warm season, rapid loss of litter was observed in bothL. rubellus(R) and T plots. After two years, 22.0% \uffc2\uffb1 5.4% of13C released from litter was recovered in soil with no significant differences among plots. Total recovery of added13C (decaying litter plus soil) was much higher in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90worm (NW) plots (61\uffe2\uff80\uff9368%) than in R and T plots (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9329%) as much of the litter remained in the former whereas it had disappeared in the latter. Much higher percentage recovery of15N than13C was observed, with significantly lower values for T than R and NW plots. Higher overwinter earthworm activity in T plots contributed to lower soil N recovery. In earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded plots isotope enrichment was highest in macroaggregates and microaggregates whereas in NW plots silt plus clay fractions were most enriched. The net effect of litter mixing and priming of recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM), stabilization of SOM in soil aggregates, and alteration of the soil microbial community by earthworm activity results in loss of SOM and lowering of the C:N ratio. We suggest that earthworm stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in regulating C and N dynamics of forest SOM.
", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "TEMPERATE HARDWOOD FOREST", "New York", "Acer", "C:N ratio", "Trees", "OLD-GROWTH FOREST", "Soil", "litter", "EXOTIC EARTHWORMS", "Animals", "NORTHEASTERN FORESTS", "Oligochaeta", "CARBON DYNAMICS", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "NITROGEN DEPOSITION", "Ecology", "Lumbricus", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "Carbon", "stoichiometry", "aggregate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS", "Environmental Sciences", "CENTRAL NEW-YORK", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1760.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/12-1760.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.0706518104", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-21", "title": "Increases In Nitrogen Uptake Rather Than Nitrogen-Use Efficiency Support Higher Rates Of Temperate Forest Productivity Under Elevated Co2", "description": "Forest ecosystems are important sinks for rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 . In previous research, we showed that net primary production (NPP) increased by 23 \uffc2\uffb1 2% when four experimental forests were grown under atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 predicted for the latter half of this century. Because nitrogen (N) availability commonly limits forest productivity, some combination of increased N uptake from the soil and more efficient use of the N already assimilated by trees is necessary to sustain the high rates of forest NPP under free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE). In this study, experimental evidence demonstrates that the uptake of N increased under elevated CO 2 at the Rhinelander, Duke, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites, yet fertilization studies at the Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites showed that tree growth and forest NPP were strongly limited by N availability. By contrast, nitrogen-use efficiency increased under elevated CO 2 at the POP-EUROFACE site, where fertilization studies showed that N was not limiting to tree growth. Some combination of increasing fine root production, increased rates of soil organic matter decomposition, and increased allocation of carbon (C) to mycorrhizal fungi is likely to account for greater N uptake under elevated CO 2 . Regardless of the specific mechanism, this analysis shows that the larger quantities of C entering the below-ground system under elevated CO 2 result in greater N uptake, even in N-limited ecosystems. Biogeochemical models must be reformulated to allow C transfers below ground that result in additional N uptake under elevated CO 2 .
", "keywords": ["rotation poplar plantation", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "atmospheric carbon-dioxide", "enrichment face", "organic nitrogen", "Biological Transport", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Kinetics", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "populus-tremuloides", "community composition", "soil-n availability", "fine-root production", "Ecosystem", "ecosystem responses"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706518104"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.0706518104", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.0706518104", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.0706518104"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "title": "Evaluation Of Carbon Accrual In Afforested Agricultural Soils", "description": "AbstractAfforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "description": "AbstractAfforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkj", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Sacred groves of Central India: Diversity status, carbon storage and conservation strategies", "description": "Sacred groves (SGs) play an important role in the conservation of local biodiversity and provide numerous ecosystem services worldwide. We studied how the ecological status of Central Indian SGs contributes to regional tree diversity and carbon (C) storage. We inventoried the trees in fifty-nine SGs of Madhya Pradesh and recorded a total of 109 tree species (90 genera, 40 families). The most species-rich families were Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae. The tree density ranged from 75 to 925 individuals ha-1 (mean: 398 \u00b1 32 individuals ha-1), while the basal area varied from 2.5 to 69.2 m2 ha-1 (mean: 24.2 \u00b1 1.9 m2 ha-1). The total C stock {tree C + soil organic C (SOC; 0-30 cm)} ranged from 44.7 to 455.4 Mg C ha-1 (mean: 153.8 \u00b1 9.6 Mg C ha-1) across the SGs. The studied SGs represented 74.7% of the total tree diversity and contained 33.1% higher total C stock than the forests of the state. Tree C stock was significantly positively correlated with tree basal area (r57 = 0.965, P < 0.0001), distance from the nearest village (r57 = 0.432, P < 0.001) and number of years of existence (r57 = 0.615, P < 0.0001). The present study highlighted the crucial role of the studied SGs in sustaining regional biodiversity and storing significant amounts of C in biomass and soil. Continued conservation efforts and contained anthropogenic interferences are necessary in order to maintain the current role of these SGs as biodiversity and carbon reservoirs of Central India.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "tree diversity", "carbon density", "Tropical dry deciduous forests", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Madhya Pradesh", "Protected forests", "Soil carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Khan, Mohammed Latif, Dar, Javid Ahmad, Kothandaraman, Subashree, Khare, Pramod Kumar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkj"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkj", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkj", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffkj"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-27", "title": "Exploring the merging of the global land evaporation WACMOS-ET products based on local tower measurements", "description": "Abstract. An inverse error variance weighting of the anomalies of three terrestrial evaporation (ET) products from the WACMOS-ET project based on FLUXNET sites is presented. The three ET models were run daily and at a resolution of 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89km for 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932007, and based on common input data when possible. The local weights, derived based on the variance of the difference between the tower ET anomalies and the modelled ET anomalies, were made dynamic by estimating them using a 61-day running window centred on each day. These were then extrapolated from the tower locations to the global landscape by regressing them on the main model inputs and derived ET using a neural network. Over the stations, the weighted scheme usefully decreased the random error component, and the weighted ET correlated better with the tower data than a simple average. The global extrapolation produced weights displaying strong seasonal and geographical patterns, which translated into spatiotemporal differences between the ET weighted and simple average ET products. However, the uncertainty of the weights after the extrapolation remained large. Out-sample prediction tests showed that the tower data set, mostly located at temperate regions, had limitations with respect to the representation of different biome and climate conditions. Therefore, even if the local weighting was successful, the extrapolation to a global scale remains problematic, showing a limited added value over the simple average. Overall, this study suggests that merging tower observations and ET products at the timescales and spatial scales of this study is complicated by the tower spatial representativeness, the products' coarse spatial resolution, the nature of the error in both towers and gridded data sets, and how all these factors impact the weights extrapolation from the tower locations to the global landscape.
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Description of field and lab methods Soil collection: Soil samples were collected from 58 plots spread across evergreen and deciduous forests, using soil core sampler. The diameter of the core sampler was measured before soil collection. All soil samples were collected from 10 cm depth after removing all the leaf litter from the ground. From each plot, one soil column was collected for bulk density estimation and 10 soil columns were collected for analysis of chemical properties. Bulk density estimation: For each sample, all the roots above 0.5 mm diameter were separated from the soil and the length and diameter of the roots were recorded. The volume of the roots were calculated. The entire sample was dried in the oven at 120\u00b0C, for 2 hours.After drying, the soil sample was sieved with a 2mm mesh sieve to separate the stones and clumped soil. The dry mass of soil and stones for each sample was recorded. 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