{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10261/306235", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-31", "title": "Negotiating Gender Roles in Academia: A Courageous Exploration", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Women in Limnology", "5. Gender equality", "Gender Roles in Academia", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/5", "Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls", "16. 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Naam: Geologie Delft

Data en Eigendom:

Beschrijving:
De kaartlaag "Geologie Delft" biedt inzicht in de ondergrondse geologische opbouw van het grondgebied van de gemeente Delft. Het geeft informatie over de verschillende aardlagen, sedimenttypen en geologische structuren die van belang zijn voor ruimtelijke ontwikkeling, bodembeleid, funderingsvraagstukken en klimaatadaptatie.

Inhoud van de kaartlaag:

Doelstelling:
Deze kaartlaag ondersteunt:

Actualisatie:
De gegevens worden periodiek herzien aan de hand van nieuwe sonderingen, boringen en geologische onderzoeken. Waar mogelijk wordt aangesloten bij landelijke datasets zoals BRO (Basisregistratie Ondergrond).

Blik op de toekomst:
De geologische kaartlaag zal in de toekomst worden gekoppeld aan andere ondergronddata, zoals bodemkwaliteit, grondwaterstanden en archeologische potentie. Daarmee vormt het een essenti\u00eble bouwsteen voor integrale benadering van boven- \u00e9n ondergrond in de ruimtelijke ordening van Delft.


Gebruik

Iedereen \u2013 particulier en bedrijf \u2013 mag de open data van de gemeente op het\u00a0Open data portal hergebruiken in eigen toepassingen. De gemeente stelt de inhoud van de datasets met de grootst mogelijke zorg samen. Dit is echter geen garantie dat deze datasets volledig, accuraat en juist zijn. De gemeente Delft sluit iedere aansprakelijkheid uit voor welke schade dan ook, direct en/of indirect, op enige wijze ontstaan door en/of voortvloeiend uit elk gebruik van deze datasets. Waaronder ook \u2013 maar niet alleen \u2013 handelingen van een gebruiker van de datasets die op welke manier dan ook zijn ingegeven door de op de website voor open data geplaatste informatie.

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Important for: Ecological capital and ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["bodem", "mspaf", "nl", "verontreiniging"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.rivm.nl/geo/ank/wcs?"}, {"href": "https://data.rivm.nl/geo/ank/wms?"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/2a3b204a-e46a-413d-b5de-3246ac1c7645"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "08dc1ed3-7545-471c-ad58-00c6cdca4734", "name": "item", "description": "08dc1ed3-7545-471c-ad58-00c6cdca4734", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/08dc1ed3-7545-471c-ad58-00c6cdca4734"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "098db378-c27a-4910-87d4-addf856c17e8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-09-03T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Basic registration of crop parcels (BRP) WFS", "description": "BRP \u2013 crop parcels consists of the location of agricultural parcels with the crop grown. The file is a selection of information from the Basic Registration Percels (BRP) of the Netherlands Enterprise Agency. The boundaries of the agricultural parcels are based on the agricultural area of the Netherlands (AAN). The user of the parcel must draw up his crop parcels annually and indicate which crop is grown on the parcel in question. For each year, a dataset is generated from 15 May. Of the most recent BRP crop parcels, a view services and a download service are available. BRP \u2013 crop parcels consists of the location of agricultural parcels with the crop grown. The file is a selection of information from the Basic Registration Percels (BRP) of the Netherlands Enterprise Agency. The boundaries of the agricultural parcels are based on the agricultural area of the Netherlands (AAN). The user of the parcel must draw up his crop parcels annually and indicate which crop is grown on the parcel in question. For each year, a dataset is generated from 15 May. Of the most recent BRP crop parcels, a view services and a download service are available.", "formats": [{"name": "INSPIRE DOWNLOAD SERVICE"}], "keywords": ["High value dataset", "bodem", "landbouw", "landgebruik", "nl", "veeteelt"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://service.pdok.nl/rvo/brpgewaspercelen/wfs/v1_0?request=GetCapabilities&service=WFS"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/098db378-c27a-4910-87d4-addf856c17e8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "098db378-c27a-4910-87d4-addf856c17e8", "name": "item", "description": "098db378-c27a-4910-87d4-addf856c17e8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/098db378-c27a-4910-87d4-addf856c17e8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "09e4b679-607d-43c7-9563-79b50cd2c532", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2014-02-20T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Archaeological Expectations Low Package of Walcheren, Policy Map VZG Layer 1 \u2014 Walcheren Low Package", "description": "Municipal archaeological policy advisory map for the Walcheren Low Package of the municipalities of Borsele, Goes, Hulst, Kapelle, Noord-Beveland, Reimerswaal, Sluis and Tholen.", "keywords": ["archeologie", "archeologische-verwachting-laagpakket", "bodem", "cultuurbeleid", "nl"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://opengeodata.zeeland.nl/geoserver/Archeologie/wms?request=GetCapabilities"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/09e4b679-607d-43c7-9563-79b50cd2c532"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "09e4b679-607d-43c7-9563-79b50cd2c532", "name": "item", "description": "09e4b679-607d-43c7-9563-79b50cd2c532", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/09e4b679-607d-43c7-9563-79b50cd2c532"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "0acb734a-2ed9-4255-8422-c6c4ca786979", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Soil remediation of contaminated industrial sites", "description": "This points file indicates where companies have been in contact with BSB West.", "formats": [{"name": "WFS_SRVC"}], "keywords": ["bedrijventerreinen", "bodem", "bodemsanering", "nl"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://geodata.zuid-holland.nl/geoserver/bodem/wms?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.zuid-holland.nl/arcgis/rest/services/Bodem/Bodem_schone_bodem/MapServer"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0acb734a-2ed9-4255-8422-c6c4ca786979"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0acb734a-2ed9-4255-8422-c6c4ca786979", "name": "item", "description": "0acb734a-2ed9-4255-8422-c6c4ca786979", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0acb734a-2ed9-4255-8422-c6c4ca786979"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "0c6a3302-e7f8-435c-9c28-510eb7c82cea", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Former Navos landfills Navos", "description": "Collection of former landfills closed for 1996 in North Holland. This is a selection from the soil information systems GLOBIS (Province), stabis and Nasca (Community). The selection criteria have been followed according to the NATO survey 2004-2005.", "formats": [{"name": "WFS_SRVC"}], "keywords": ["bodem", "grondgebruik", "milieu", "nl", "ruimtelijke-ordening", "veiligheid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoservices.noord-holland.nl/ags/services/oi_dataservice_alg/MapServer/WFSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WFS"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.noord-holland.nl/ags/services/oi_dataservice_alg/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0c6a3302-e7f8-435c-9c28-510eb7c82cea"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0c6a3302-e7f8-435c-9c28-510eb7c82cea", "name": "item", "description": "0c6a3302-e7f8-435c-9c28-510eb7c82cea", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0c6a3302-e7f8-435c-9c28-510eb7c82cea"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "ed960299-a147-4c1a-bc57-41ff83a2264f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[1.77, 50.48], [1.77, 53.73], [8.66, 53.73], [8.66, 50.48], [1.77, 50.48]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Bodem"}], "scheme": "http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/inspire_themes"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Nationaal"}], "scheme": "Ruimtelijke dekking"}], "rights": "toepassing op inwinningsschaal 1:50.000", "updated": "2024-09-25", "type": "Dataset", "language": "dut", "title": "BRO - Soil map (SGM)", "description": "Deze dataset toont verschillende aspecten van de geactualiseerde Bodemkaart van Nederland, schaal 1 : 50 000 (versie 2021) en gerelateerde bestanden, zoals: \n- de bodemtypen; \n- de gebieden waar associaties van bodemtypen voorkomen;\n- bijzonderheden in de bodemlagen binnen 40 cm diepte;\n- bijzonderheden in de bodemlagen dieper dan 40 cm;\n- de veendiktes;\n- en gebieden met bebouwing en water.\n\nTen opzichte van de vorige versie van de bodemkaart is de informatie van de veengebieden geactualiseerd en tevens is de tabel met de attributen gewijzigd. In deze versie is zonder de informatie over de Grondwatertrappen (Gt, deze zijn samen met andere grondwaterspiegeldieptekarakteristieken in een aparte dataset het 'Model Grondwaterspiegeldiepte' te vinden, voor de BRO uiterlijk per 1/1/2022 beschikbaar komt). De bodemkaart geeft ruimtelijke informatie over de bodemopbouw tot globaal 1 meter diepte. Deze informatie heeft betrekking op de aard en samenstelling van de bovengrond (grondsoort) met een verdere onderverdeling naar bodemvorming, veensoort, afwijkende lagen in het profiel en de aanwezigheid van kalk. \n\nActualisatie van de bodemkaart van de veengebieden was nodig omdat door oxidatie van organische stof bij de veengronden en moerige gronden verandering optreden, doordat oppervlakkig gelegen veenlagen geleidelijk verteren. Hierdoor kunnen veengronden veranderen in moerige gronden en moerige gronden in minerale gronden.\n\nSinds de eerste opname van de bodemkaart zijn er veel bebouwde terreinen bij gekomen door stadsuitbreiding en nieuwe industrieterreinen. Op de oorspronkelijke bodemkaart zijn de bebouwde gebieden van enige omvang apart aangegeven. Bij de actualisatie is voor de nieuw-bebouwde gebieden wel een bodemcode vastgesteld. In een apart bestand is de begrenzing van de huidige bebouwing opgenomen. In bebouwde gebieden kan de bodemopbouw afwijken van de bodemcode, doordat bij het bouwrijpmaken ingrijpende grondverbeteringwerken zijn uitgevoerd. \n\nBij het gebruik van de gegevens dient men daar op bedacht te zijn. Daarnaast zijn bij veel gebieden in Nederland ingrijpende grondbewerking uitgevoerd. De oorspronkelijke bodemkaart bevatte een attribuut \"SCHOP\" waarin informatie werd gegeven over verstoring in het bodemprofiel. In 2010 zijn deze gebieden met ingrepen uitgebreid geinventariseerd en in kaart gebracht. Deze vergravingen zijn nu in een apart bestand opgenomen (vergraven gronden).\n\nDe actualisatie had betrekking op de gebieden met moerige gronden en dunne veengronden in Nederland en de veenweidegebieden met dikke veengronden in de provincie Friesland. In totaal is ca. 400 000 ha geactualiseerd. Met uitzondering van een fragment in ZuidOost-Drenthe is de actualisatie gerealiseerd met behulp van digitale bodemkartering (DBK). In ZuidOost-Drenthe is de actualisatie uitgevoerd door middel van een uitgebreide veldinventarisatie, zoals ook voor de eerste opname van de bodemkaart. (meer informatie over de werkwijze is te vinden onder Kwaliteit)", "formats": [{"name": "https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/schemas/so/4.0/soil.xsd"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "INSPIRE Atom"}], "keywords": ["Bodem", "Basisregistratie Ondergrond (BRO)", "Basisregistratie", "Bodemopbouw", "Bodemlagen", "Bodemkaart", "Ondergrond", "basisset NOVEX", "Bodem", "Nationaal"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Wageningen Environmental Research", "position": "Beheerder", "roles": ["resourceProvider"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "broservicedesk.wenr@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Droevendaalsesteeg 3"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": "Gelderland", "postalCode": "6708 PB", "country": "Nederland"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://www.wur.nl/nl/onderzoek-resultaten/onderzoeksinstituten/environmental-research.htm", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Fokke Brouwer", "organization": "Wageningen Environmental Research", "position": "Inhoudelijk deskundige", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": "0317-486521"}], "emails": [{"value": "fokke.brouwer@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Droevendaalsesteeg 3"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": "Gelderland", "postalCode": "6708 PB", "country": "Nederland"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://www.wur.nl/nl/onderzoek-resultaten/onderzoeksinstituten/environmental-research.htm", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "BRO", "organization": "BRO", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "support@bro.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "LNV", "organization": "RVO", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "geodatabeheer.giscc@rvo.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "title_alternate": "Bodemkaart van Nederland 1:50000", "denominator": "50000", "edition": "2023-01"}, "links": [{"href": "https://service.pdok.nl/bzk/bro-bodemkaart/wms/v1_0?request=getCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "BRO - Bodemkaart (SGM) WMS", "description": "BRO Bodemkaart van Nederland", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://service.pdok.nl/bzk/bro-bodemkaart/atom/index.xml", "name": "BRO - Bodemkaart (SGM) ATOM", "description": "download service", "protocol": "INSPIRE Atom", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ed960299-a147-4c1a-bc57-41ff83a2264f", "name": "item", "description": "ed960299-a147-4c1a-bc57-41ff83a2264f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ed960299-a147-4c1a-bc57-41ff83a2264f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "0ff5b507-b410-49cd-ac7f-0d88182c7eca", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Height file Westerschelde 5m grid 2018 DTM", "description": "Case number 31105748. Lot 3 Westerschelde 2018 - DTM 5 meter grid file of laser data per Top10 map sheet.", "formats": [{"name": "WMS_SRVC"}], "keywords": ["31105748", "bodem", "jarkusmetingen", "monitoring", "nl"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://downloads.rijkswaterstaatdata.nl/hoogte_2018/westerschelde_2018_dtm_5.tif"}, {"href": "https://geo.rijkswaterstaat.nl/arcgis/rest/services/GDR/hoogte_2018/MapServer"}, {"href": "https://geo.rijkswaterstaat.nl/services/ogc/gdr/hoogte_2018/ows?service=WCS&request=getcapabilities&version=2.0.1"}, {"href": "https://geo.rijkswaterstaat.nl/services/ogc/gdr/hoogte_2018/ows?service=WMS&request=getcapabilities&version=1.3.0"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0ff5b507-b410-49cd-ac7f-0d88182c7eca"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0ff5b507-b410-49cd-ac7f-0d88182c7eca", "name": "item", "description": "0ff5b507-b410-49cd-ac7f-0d88182c7eca", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0ff5b507-b410-49cd-ac7f-0d88182c7eca"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2016JF004060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Investigation of rock fragmentation during rockfalls and rock avalanches via 3-D discrete element analyses", "description": "Abstract

This paper investigates the characteristics of dynamic rock fragmentation and its influence on the postfailure fragment trajectory. A series of numerical simulations by discrete element method (DEM) were performed for a simple rock block and slope geometry, where a particle agglomerate of prismatic shape is released along a sliding plane and subsequently collides onto a flat horizontal plane at a sharp kink point. The rock block is modeled as an assembly of bonded spherical particles with fragmentation arising from bond breakages. Bond strength and stiffness were calibrated against available experimental data. We analyzed how dynamic fragmentation occurs at impact, together with the generated fragment size distributions and consequently their runout for different slope topographies. It emerges that after impact, the vertical momentum of the granular system decreases sharply to nil, while the horizontal momentum increases suddenly and then decreases. The sudden boost of horizontal momentum can effectively facilitate the transport of fragments along the bottom floor. The rock fragmentation intensity is associated with the input energy and increases quickly with the slope angle. Gentle slopes normally lead to long spreading distance and large fragments, while steep slopes lead to high momentum boosts and impact forces, with efficient rock fragmentation and fine deposits. The fragment size decreases, while the fracture stress and fragment number both increase with the impact loading strain rate, supporting the experimental observations. The fragment size distributions can be well fitted by the Weibull's distribution function.

", "keywords": ["550", "DEM; dynamic fragmentation; loading rate; momentum boost; rock avalanche; runout;", "13. Climate action", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Fragmentation", " rockslide", " rockavalanche", " DEM", " numerical modeling", " runout", "551", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JF004060"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=237479/388C5B83-7098-4BA3-A221-B7B1CEFCC63B.pdf&pub_id=237479"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Earth%20Surface", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016JF004060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016JF004060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016JF004060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.5244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-10", "title": "Evolution of interdisciplinarity in biodiversity science", "description": "Abstract

The study of biodiversity has grown exponentially in the last thirty years in response to demands for greater understanding of the function and importance of Earth's biodiversity and finding solutions to conserve it. Here, we test the hypothesis that biodiversity science has become more interdisciplinary over time. To do so, we analyze 97,945 peer\uffe2\uff80\uff90reviewed articles over a twenty\uffe2\uff80\uff90two\uffe2\uff80\uff90year time period (1990\uffe2\uff80\uff932012) with a continuous time dynamic model, which classifies articles into concepts (i.e., topics and ideas) based on word co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrences. Using the model output, we then quantify different aspects of interdisciplinarity: concept diversity, that is, the diversity of topics and ideas across subdisciplines in biodiversity science, subdiscipline diversity, that is, the diversity of subdisciplines across concepts, and network structure, which captures interactions between concepts and subdisciplines. We found that, on average, concept and subdiscipline diversity in biodiversity science were either stable or declining, patterns which were driven by the persistence of rare concepts and subdisciplines and a decline in the diversity of common concepts and subdisciplines, respectively. Moreover, our results provide evidence that conceptual homogenization, that is, decreases in temporal \uffce\uffb2 concept diversity, underlies the observed trends in interdisciplinarity. Together, our results reveal that biodiversity science is undergoing a dynamic phase as a scientific discipline that is consolidating around a core set of concepts. Our results suggest that progress toward addressing the biodiversity crisis via greater interdisciplinarity during the study period may have been slowed by extrinsic factors, such as the failure to invest in research spanning across concepts and disciplines. However, recent initiatives such as the Intergovernmental Science\uffe2\uff80\uff90Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) may attract broader support for biodiversity\uffe2\uff80\uff90related issues and hence interdisciplinary approaches to address scientific, political, and societal challenges in the coming years.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "bibliographic analysis", "topic models", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "conceptual homogenization", "interdisciplinarity", "Ecology", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "Academic Practice in Ecology and Evolution", "QH540-549.5", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5244"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5244"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.5244", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.5244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.5244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/joc.7241", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-06", "title": "Long\u2010term changes in drought indices in eastern and central Europe", "description": "Abstract

This study analyses long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes in drought indices (Standardised Precipitation Index\uffe2\uff80\uff94SPI, Standardised Precipitation\uffe2\uff80\uff93Evapotranspiration Index\uffe2\uff80\uff94SPEI) at 1 and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff89months scales at 182 stations in 11 central and eastern European countries during 1949\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. For comparative purposes, the necessary atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) to obtain SPEI was calculated using two methods, Hargreaves\uffe2\uff80\uff90Samani (SPEIH) and Penman\uffe2\uff80\uff90Monteith (SPEIP). The results show some relevant changes and tendencies in the drought indices. Statistically significant increase in SPI and SPEI during the cold season (November\uffe2\uff80\uff93March), reflecting precipitation increase, was found in the northern part of the study region, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, northern Belarus and northern Poland. In the rest of study domain, a weak and mostly insignificant decrease prevailed in winter. Summer season (June\uffe2\uff80\uff93August) is characterized by changes in the opposite sign. An increase was observed in the north, while a clear decrease in SPEI, reflecting a drying trend, was typical for the southern regions: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and southern Poland. A general drying tendency revealed also in April, which was statistically significant over a wide area in the Czech Republic and Poland. Increasing trends in SPI and SPEI for September and October were detected in Romania, Moldova and Hungary. The use of SPEI instead of SPI generally enhances drying trends.This review examines the role of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in drought. AED is a complex concept and here we discuss possible AED definitions, the subsequent metrics to measure and estimate AED, and the different physical drivers that control it. The complex influence of AED on meteorological, environmental/agricultural and hydrological droughts is discussed, stressing the important spatial differences related to the climatological conditions. Likewise, AED influence on drought has implications regarding how different drought metrics consider AED in their attempts to quantify drought severity. Throughout the article, we assess literature findings with respect to: (a) recent drought trends and future projections; (b) the several uncertainties related to data availability; (c) the sensitivity of current drought metrics to AED; and (d) possible roles that both the radiative and physiological effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may play as we progress into the future. All these issues preclude identifying a simple effect of the AED on drought severity. Rather it calls for different evaluations of drought impacts and trends under future climate scenarios, considering the complex feedbacks governing the climate system.

This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Atmosphere", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "evapotranspiration", "drought", "15. Life on land", "Atmospheric", "01 natural sciences", "evaporative demand", "6. Clean water", "evaporation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wcc.632"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.632"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/WIREs%20Climate%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/wcc.632", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/wcc.632", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/wcc.632"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-16", "title": "Carbon Stocks And Cocoa Yields In Agroforestry Systems Of Central America", "description": "Abstract The cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is cultivated typically in agroforestry systems in close association with a rich list of tree species and other useful plants on the same plot. Cocoa based agroforestry systems are credited for stocking significant amounts of carbon and hence have the potential to mitigate climate change. Since cocoa yields decrease non-linearly with increasing shade, a need is to design optimal cocoa agroforestry systems with high yields and high carbon stocks. We estimated the carbon stocked in a network of 229 permanent sample plots in cacao-based agroforestry systems and natural forests in five Central American countries. Carbon stocks were fractioned by both system compartments (aboveground, roots, soil, litter, dead wood \u2013 fine and coarse, and total) and tree use/form (cocoa, timber, fruit, bananas, shade and ornamentals, and palms). Cocoa plantations were assigned to a five-class typology and tested for independence with growing region using contingency analysis. Most Central American cocoa plantations had mixed or productive shade canopies. Only 4% of cocoa plantations were full sun or rustic (cocoa under thinned natural forest). Cocoa tree density was low (548\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0192\u00a0trees\u00a0ha\u22121). Total carbon (soil\u00a0+\u00a0biomass\u00a0+\u00a0dead biomass) was 117\u00a0\u00b1\u00a047\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, with 51\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the soil and 49\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (42% of total carbon) in aboveground biomass (cocoa and canopy trees). Cocoa trees accumulated 9\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 (18% of carbon in aboveground biomass). Timber and fruit trees stored 65% of aboveground carbon. The annual rate of accumulation of carbon in aboveground biomass ranged between 1.3 and 2.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121. Trade-offs between carbon levels and yields were explored qualitatively using functional relationships documented in the scientific and technical literature, and expert knowledge. We argue that it is possible to design cocoa-based AFS with good yields (cocoa and shade canopy) and high carbon stock levels. The botanical composition of the shade canopy provides a large set of morphological and functional traits that can be used to optimize shade canopy design. Our results offer Central American cocoa producers a rigorous estimate of carbon stocks in their cocoa plantations. This knowledge may help them to certify and sell their cocoa, timber, fruits and other goods to niche markets with good prices. Our results will also assist governments and the private sector in (i) designing better legal, institutional and policy frameworks, local and national, promoting an agriculture with trees and (ii) contributing to the development of the national monitoring, reporting and verification systems required by the international community to access funding and payment for ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "certification", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920", "stockage", "01 natural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5524", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "K01 - Foresterie - Consid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales", "biomasse", "Theobroma cacao", "service", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "plante d'ombrage", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3418", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7019", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7713", "marketing", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6989", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5171", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peuplement forestier", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "carbone", "caract\u00e9ristique du peuplement", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4620", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35702", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34910", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28080", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3651"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-13", "title": "Industrial biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida: advances and prospects", "description": "Abstract

Pseudomonas putidais a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can be encountered in diverse ecological habitats. This ubiquity is traced to its remarkably versatile metabolism, adapted to withstand physicochemical stress, and the capacity to thrive in harsh environments. Owing to these characteristics, there is a growing interest in this microbe for industrial use, and the corresponding research has made rapid progress in recent years. Hereby, strong drivers are the exploitation of cheap renewable feedstocks and waste streams to produce value-added chemicals and the steady progress in genetic strain engineering and systems biology understanding of this bacterium. Here, we summarize the recent advances and prospects in genetic engineering, systems and synthetic biology, and applications ofP. putidaas a cell factory.

Key points

\uffe2\uff80\uffa2 Pseudomonas putida advances to a global industrial cell factory.

\uffe2\uff80\uffa2 Novel tools enable system-wide understanding and streamlined genomic engineering.

\uffe2\uff80\uffa2 Applications of P. putida range from bioeconomy chemicals to biosynthetic drugs.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "ddc:500", "0303 health sciences", "Pseudomonas putida", "EDEMP cycle", "PHA", "Systems Biology", "500", "Genomics", "Mini-Review", "Bioeconomy", "Bacterial chassis", "Lignin", "03 medical and health sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Microbial cell factory", "13. Climate action", "Biocatalysis", "Synthetic Biology", "KT2440", "Metabolic engineering", "Biotransformation", "Synthetic biology", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Microbiology%20and%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Bacterial And Fungal Microbial Diversity In The Kabete Long-Term Trial, Kenya", "description": "The effects of crop manure and inorganic fertilizers on composition of microbial communities of central high land soils of Kenya are poorly known. For this reason, we have carried out a thirty-two-year-old long-term trial in Kabete, Kenya. These soils were treated with organic (maize stover (MS) at 10 t ha\u22121, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha\u22121) and inorganic fertilizers 120 kg N, 52.8 kg P (N2P2), N2P2 + MS, N2P2 + FYM, a control, and a fallow for over 30 years. We examined 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation, respectively. The PCR bacterial community structure and diversity were negatively affected by N2P2 and were more closely related to the bacterial structure in the soils without any addition (control) than that of soils with a combination of inorganic and organic or inorganic fertilizers alone. The effect on fungal diversity by N2P2 was different than the effect on bacterial diversity since the fungal diversity was similar to that of the N2P2 + FYM and N2P2 + MS-treated. However, soils treated with organic inputs clustered away from soils amended with inorganic inputs. Organic inputs had a positive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity with or without chemical fertilizers. Results from this study suggested that total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to agro-ecosystem management practices and may partially explain the yield differences observed between the different treatments.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Microbial diversity", "soil microorganisms", "engrais organique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27870", "Organic and inorganic amendments", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "630", "fertilisation", "biodiversit\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4592", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "inorganic fertilizers", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34326", "fertility", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "6. Clean water", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "PCR", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34079", "polymerization", "community structure", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "management", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "flore microbienne", "soil", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36167", "micro-organisme du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "pratique culturale", "microorganismos del suelo", "suelo", "flore du sol", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "polimerizaci\u00f3n", "15. Life on land", "engrais min\u00e9ral", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-13", "title": "Effects of climate change on the distribution of hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Southeast Europe", "description": "\u00a9 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature. Climate change presents a serious threat to global biodiversity. Loss of pollinators in particular has major implications, with extirpation of these species potentially leading to severe losses in agriculture and, thus, economic losses. In this study, we forecast the effects of climate change on the distribution of hoverflies in Southeast Europe using species distribution modelling and climate change scenarios for two time-periods. For 2041\u20132060, 19 analysed species were predicted to increase their areas of occupancy, with the other 25 losing some of their ranges. For 2061\u20132080, 55% of species were predicted to increase their area of occupancy, while 45% were predicted to experience range decline. In general, range size changes for most species were below 20%, indicating a relatively high resilience of hoverflies to climate change when only environmental variables are considered. Additionally, range-restricted species are not predicted to lose more area proportionally to widespread species. Based on our results, two distributional trends can be established: the predicted gain of species in alpine regions, and future loss of species from lowland areas. Considering that the loss of pollinators from present lowland agricultural areas is predicted and that habitat degradation presents a threat to possible range expansion of hoverflies in the future, developing conservation management strategy for the preservation of these species is crucial. This study represents an important step towards the assessment of the effects of climate changes on hoverflies and can be a valuable asset in creating future conservation plan, thus helping in mitigating potential consequences.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "LAND-USE", "SELECTING THRESHOLDS", "Global warming", "AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS", "Conservation", "15. Life on land", "DISTRIBUTION MODELS", "EXTINCTION RISK", "01 natural sciences", "Conservation \u00b7 Global warming \u00b7 Insects \u00b7 Endemism \u00b7 Species distribution modelling", "ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE", "Insects", "Environmental sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "Species distribution modelling", "GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS", "LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE", "AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION", "BALKAN PENINSULA", "Endemism"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biodiversity%20and%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s003740050505", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Effects Of Trefoil Cover Crop And Earthworm Inoculation On Maize Crop And Soil Organisms In Reunion Island", "description": "Traditional tree fallows have been abandoned on the western coast of the Reunion Island because of the increasing need for cultivated land. Soil fertility is no longer restored and crop yields have decreased drastically. The leguminous plant, Lotus uliginosus (trefoil), used as a cover crop, has made possible the control of erosion, the restoration of soil macrofauna, especially earthworms, and the increase in crop yields. When trefoil was associated with earthworms (Amynthas corticis), the densities of maize, the yields of maize stalk and dry matter, the yield of trefoil fodder dry matter, and the biomass and respiratory activity of soil microflora were considerably increased. The combined effects of their association led to a significant decrease in populations of the plant-parasitic nematode, Pratylenchus vulnus, in maize roots, and in the population of borers. Some soil chemical features were modified.", "keywords": ["RENDEMENT", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physicochimique du sol", "COUVERT VEGETAL", "organisme du sol", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29111", "FAUNE DU SOL", "taux de croissance", "Zea mays", "630", "plante de couverture", "ravageur des plantes", "Pratylenchus vulnus", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33552", "Oligochaeta", "2. Zero hunger", "FERTILITE DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24794", "MICROBIOLOGIE DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7182", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16196", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16130", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NEMATODE", "15. Life on land", "H10 - Ravageurs des plantes", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6543", "Lotus uliginosus", "MAIS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504", "DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4446", "LOMBRIC"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Boyer, J., Michellon, R., Chabanne, A., /Reversat, Georges, Tibere, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050505"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050505", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050505", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050505"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-02", "title": "Modeling The Impacts Of Agroforestry Systems On The Spatial Patterns Of Soil Erosion Risk In Three Catchments Of Claveria, The Philippines", "description": "Agroforestry is one of the preferred land-use options for smallholder farms in tropical landscapes due to its ability to increase land productivity and protect soil from erosion. We investigated the impacts of agroforestry and traditional monocropping systems on the spatial patterns of soil erosion risk in three catchment areas of Claveria, the Philippines, using WaTEM/SEDEM, a spatially distributed soil erosion model. The model predicts soil loss in catchments based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) by taking into account the influences of rainfall, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and 2-dimensional variations in landscape structure. The predicted soil erosion rates were transformed into risk values in order to identify areas with higher risk for erosion. Model results indicate a large spatial variability in soil erosion risk patterns, with higher risks occurring on slopes greater than 8% on land under non-agroforestry use. The soil erosion risk maps were used to formulate site-specific agroforestry recommendations for future landscape amelioration plans.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil erosion", "13. Climate action", "upland areas", "RUSLE", "WaTEM/SEDEM", "the Philippines", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "land-use planning", "tropical region", "agroforestry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Delgado, Marc, Canters, Frank,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-20", "title": "Regenerating productivity after soil fertility depletion in a 20-year cotton\u2013maize rotation in Benin", "description": "Abstract

Soil degradation is a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, where integrated soil fertility management has been promoted to restore productivity. A long-term experiment (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) run in Benin consisted of two phases: a depletion phase (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931980) with varying levels of mineral and organic fertilisation, and a regeneration phase (1981\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) where all plots received full fertilisation and organic matter additions. Soils were sampled at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm depth in 1973, 1974, 1982, and 1989 to assess fertility changes. Mineral fertilisation (N, P, K) and plant biomass management (crop residue retention and biomass additions) significantly influenced seed cotton and maize grain yields during the depletion phase. Soil organic carbon declined consistently in all treatments during depletion but remained stable during regeneration. The long-term effect was evident only in seed cotton yield during depletion. In contrast, due to high variability, maize grain yield showed no consistent trend. The combined use of organic resources and mineral fertilisers helped maintain crop productivity but led to declining soil chemical properties in this Ferralsol. The analysis of this outdated yet unpublished dataset shed light on how long-term soil depletion effects persist over time, even when soil fertility management is restored, indicating a sort of \uffe2\uff80\uff98soil memory\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The persistence of these effect suggests that regenerative interventions must begin before critical thresholds of degradation are crossed. Future research should focus on alternative measures to restore/maintain soil fertility not evaluated in this experiment, such as conservation tillage or legume integration, to provide long-term benefits for smallholder farmers facing soil fertility challenges.Accurate knowledge of the response of root turnover to a changing climate is needed to predict growth and produce carbon cycle models. A soil warming system and shading were used to vary soil temperature and received radiation independently in a temperate grassland dominated by Holcus lanatus L. Minirhizotrons allowed root growth and turnover to be examined non\uffe2\uff80\uff90destructively. In two short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (8 week) experiments, root responses to temperature were seasonally distinct. Root number increased when heating was applied during spring, but root death increased during autumnal heating. An experiment lasting 12 months demonstrated that any positive response to temperature was short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived and that over a full growing season, soil warming led to a reduction in root number and mass due to increased root death during autumn and winter. Root respiration was also insensitive to soil temperature over much of the year. In contrast, root growth was strongly affected by incident radiation. Root biomass, length, birth rate, number and turnover were all reduced by shading. Photosynthesis in H. lanatus exhibited some acclimation to shading, but assimilation rates at growth irradiance were still lower in shaded plants. The negative effects of shading and soil warming on roots were additive. Comparison of root data with environmental measurements demonstrated a number of positive relationships with photosynthetically active radiation, but not with soil temperature. This was true both across the entire data set and within a shade treatment. These results demonstrate that root growth is unlikely to be directly affected by increased soil temperatures as a result of global warming, at least in temperate areas, and that predictions of net primary productivity should not be based on a positive root growth response to temperature.

", "keywords": ["Plantago lanceolata Acclimation", "Root respiration", "belowground production", "soil temperature", "warming", "Belowground net primary production", "550", "Received photosynthetically active radiation", "Root turnover", "Plantago lanceolata", "photosynthetically active radiation", "Plantago", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Minirhizotrons", "Keywords: acclimation", "climate change", "Holcus lanatus", "13. Climate action", "Lanceolata", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root system", "grassland", "shading", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/495/1/fitterah10.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-13", "title": "Heterodyne detection of phase-conjugate emission in an Ar discharge with a low-power c.w. laser", "description": "We report the observation of nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Ar gas discharges at 867 nm (transition 1s3-2p7) using a low power c.w. laser. The weak phase-conjugate emission has been observed by means of a heterodyne detection technique at 30 MHz. This experimental scheme should be able to yield ultimate shot-noise limited signals, and thus could be used as a sensitive tool for phase-conjugation studies.", "keywords": ["optical phase conjugation", "heterodyne detection", "nearly degenerate four wave mixing", "demodulation", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "[PHYS.HIST] Physics [physics]/Physics archives", "Ar gas discharges", "argon", "867 nm", "low power CW laser", "shot noise limited signals", "0103 physical sciences", "30 MHz", "discharges electric", "weak phase conjugate emission", "optical pumping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20de%20Physique%20Lettres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-04", "title": "Determination of the Effect of Co-cultivation on the Production and Root Exudation of Flavonoids in Four Legume Species Using LC\u2013MS/MS Analysis", "description": "Flavonoids play a key role in the regulation of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions, and factors determining their release have been investigated in most of the common forage legumes. However, little is known about the response of flavonoid production and release to co-cultivation with other crop species. This study investigated alterations in the concentration of flavonoids in plant tissues and root exudates in four legumes [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), black medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)] co-cultivated with durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. For this purpose, we carried out two experiments in a greenhouse, one with glass beads as growth media for root exudate extraction and one with soil as growth media for flavonoid detection in shoot and root biomass, using LC-MS/MS analysis. This study revealed that interspecific competition with wheat negatively affected legume growth and led to a significant reduction in shoot and root biomass compared with the same legume species grown in monoculture. In contrast, the concentration of flavonoids significantly increased both in legume biomass and in root exudates. Changes in flavonoid concentration involved daidzein, genistein, medicarpin, and formononetin, which have been found to be involved in legume nodulation and regulation of plant-plant interaction. We hypothesize that legumes responded to the co-cultivation with wheat by promoting nodulation and increasing exudation of allelopathic compounds, respectively, to compensate for the lack of nutrients caused by the presence of wheat in the cultivation system and to reduce the competitiveness of neighboring plants. Future studies should elucidate the bioactivity of flavonoid compounds in cereal-legume co-cultivation systems and their specific role in the nodulation process and inter-specific plant interactions such as potential effects on weeds.", "keywords": ["Flavonoids", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "medicarpin", "living mulch", "root exudate", "Fabaceae", "15. Life on land", "plant interactions", "Plant Roots", "03 medical and health sciences", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry", "wheat", "allelopathy", "intercropping", "wheat", " intercropping", " living mulch", " root exudate", " plant interactions", " medicarpin", " allelopathy", "Chromatography", " Liquid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/540035/1/Leoni%20et%20al_2021_jafc_1c02821.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-11", "title": "Drought impacts on terrestrial primary production underestimated by satellite monitoring", "description": "Satellite retrievals of information about the Earth's surface are widely used to monitor global terrestrial photosynthesis and primary production and to examine the ecological impacts of droughts. Methods for estimating photosynthesis from space commonly combine information on vegetation greenness, incoming radiation, temperature and atmospheric demand for water (vapour-pressure deficit), but do not account for the direct effects of low soil moisture. They instead rely on vapour-pressure deficit as a proxy for dryness, despite widespread evidence that soil moisture deficits have a direct impact on vegetation, independent of vapour-pressure deficit. Here, we use a globally distributed measurement network to assess the effect of soil moisture on photosynthesis, and identify a common bias in an ensemble of satellite-based estimates of photosynthesis that is governed by the magnitude of soil moisture effects on photosynthetic light-use efficiency. We develop methods to account for the influence of soil moisture and estimate that soil moisture effects reduce global annual photosynthesis by ~15%, increase interannual variability by more than 100% across 25% of the global vegetated land surface, and amplify the impacts of extreme events on primary production. These results demonstrate the importance of soil moisture effects for monitoring carbon-cycle variability and drought impacts on vegetation productivity from space.", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "USE EFFICIENCY", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Geosciences", " Multidisciplinary", "WATER-STRESS", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Ecology", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "Geology", "GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION", "Carbon cycle", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "6. Clean water", "ATMOSPHERIC DEMAND", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "RADIATION", "CARBON UPTAKE", "Geosciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0318-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2hr7r7gk/qt2hr7r7gk.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009870308097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Effect Of Slaked Lime And Gypsum On Acidity Alleviation And Nutrient Leaching In An Acid Soil From Southern China", "description": "A soil column experiment was made to study the effects of slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) and gypsum (CaSO4\u00b72H2O) on soil acidity, soil solution chemistry and nutrient leaching in an acid soil from Southern China. Results showed that application of sufficient slaked lime to initially increase the pH of the topsoil by 1 unit caused an increase in pH to 5 cm deeper than the layer of application as a result of bicarbonate leaching. With leaching of Ca from slaked lime or gypsum from the topsoil to the subsoil there was a decrease in exchangeable Al in the subsoil. Surface application of slaked lime or gypsum or both decreased the activity of toxic Al and increased AlSO4+ activity in the subsoil solution. The Ca added in slaked lime or gypsum was accounted for by the increase in exchangeable Ca over the soil profile and the leaching loss. By contrast there was a negative balance of extractable sulfate and aluminum in the soil, indicating the formation of precipitates. There was little mineralisation of N and formation of NO3- under the conditions of the experiment. The leaching of cations in this soil treated with slaked lime or gypsum was driven by the dynamics of sulfate.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physicochimique du sol", "calcium", "lessivage du sol", "aluminium", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7182", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15591", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_200", "sulfate", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_317", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1196", "gypse", "hydroxyde de calcium", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1556", "sol acide", "min\u00e9ralisation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_89", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15999", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1200", "amendement calcique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3453", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7510", "F04 - Fertilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sun, B., Poss, Roland, Moreau, Roland, Aventurier, Alain, Fallavier, Paul,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009870308097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009870308097", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009870308097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009870308097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-021-01552-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-03", "title": "Scientists need to better communicate the links between pandemics and global environmental change", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Pandemics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01552-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01552-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-021-01552-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-021-01552-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-021-01552-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-018-27781-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-15", "title": "Characterization of a community-acquired-MRSA USA300 isolate from a river sample in Austria and whole genome sequence based comparison to a diverse collection of USA300 isolates", "description": "Abstract

The increasing emergence of multi-resistant bacteria in healthcare settings, in the community and in the environment represents a major health threat worldwide. In 2016, we started a pilot project to investigate antimicrobial resistance in surface water. Bacteria were enriched, cultivated on selective chromogenic media and species identification was carried out by MALDI-TOF analysis. From a river in southern Austria a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated. Whole genome sequence analysis identified the isolate as ST8, spa type t008, SCCmecIV, PVL and ACME positive, which are main features of CA-MRSA USA300. Whole genome based cgMLST of the water isolate and comparison to 18 clinical MRSA USA300 isolates from the Austrian national reference laboratory for coagulase positive staphylococci originating from 2004, 2005 and 2016 and sequences of 146 USA300 isolates arbitrarily retrieved from the Sequence Read Archive revealed a close relatedness to a clinical isolate from Austria. The presence of a CA-MRSA USA300 isolate in an aquatic environment might pose a public health risk by serving as a potential source of infection or a source for emergence of new pathogenic MRSA clones.

", "keywords": ["Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "0301 basic medicine", "METHICILLIN-RESISTANT", "GENES", "TRANSMISSION", "Article", "Applied microbiology", "EMERGENCE", "03 medical and health sciences", "106005 Bioinformatik", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "Rivers", "Sequence Homology", " Nucleic Acid", "Infectious-disease epidemiology", "ENVIRONMENT", "0303 health sciences", "ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE", "RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS", "ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE", "EVOLUTION", "3. Good health", "Community-Acquired Infections", "SDG 3 \u2013 Gesundheit und Wohlergehen", "Austria", "VIRULENCE", "Bacterial infection", "106005 Bioinformatics", "Genome", " Bacterial"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27781-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27781-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-018-27781-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-018-27781-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-018-27781-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-020-78483-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-09", "title": "Vegetation structure determines the spatial variability of soil biodiversity across biomes", "description": "Abstract

The factors controlling the spatial variability of soil biodiversity remain largely undetermined. We conducted a global field survey to evaluate how and why the within-site spatial variability of soil biodiversity (i.e. richness and community composition) changes across global biomes with contrasting soil ages, climates and vegetation types. We found that the spatial variability of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates is positively correlated across ecosystems. We also show that the spatial variability of soil biodiversity is mainly controlled by changes in vegetation structure driven by soil age and aridity. Areas with high plant cover, but low spatial heterogeneity, were associated with low levels of spatial variability in soil biodiversity. Further, our work advances the existence of significant, undescribed links between the spatial variability of soil biodiversity and key ecosystem functions. Taken together, our findings indicate that reductions in plant cover (e.g., via desertification, increases in aridity, or deforestation), are likely to increase the spatial variability of multiple soil organisms and that such changes are likely to negatively impact ecosystem functioning across global biomes.