{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-11-09T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Stock Maps for Belgium: standard deviation (1 km grid)", "description": "The Belgian soil organic carbon (SOC) stock map for topsoils (0-30 cm) was composed of 2 regional SOC stock maps. For the regional maps a different approach was used for agricultural land as compared to forest. The maps are based on digital soil mapping approaches using empirical models calibrated to predict the SOC stock and using covariates that are available at a sufficient resolution at the regional scale. All maps are strongly dependent on the Belgian Soil Map (texture and drainage parameters). The regional maps were compiled at a finer resolution (10m x 10m and 40m x 40m grid cells). Next they were joined (40m x 40m grid cells) and finally scaled up to the required 1 by 1 km grid cells. This was done using the following tools: block statistics (mean), mosaic to new raster (mean), project to raster, block statistics (mean), resample (nearest neighbour) and project raster. Given the different origins of the individual maps, the uncertainty varies between maps. For instance, a map of the 90% confidence interval of the SOC stocks was produced for agricultural soils in Wallonia based on a Monte Carlo Approach taking into account both the measurement and the model uncertainties. For Flemish forest soils, spatial and analytical uncertainties were taken into account using bootstrapping techniques. For Flemish agricultural soils, the uncertainty reported is the model uncertainty on point estimates for each data point, in which the estimated model parameters are simulated 1000 times as being independent normal distributed variables using their model estimation and standard error as distribution parameters. No additional uncertainty is taken into account for the conversion functions that use the stochastic variables \"bulk density\". The SOC stock maps are the first comprehensive map for Belgium integrating grasslands, croplands and forests. There are two versions of the SOC stock maps for Belgium: 1) resolution of 40m x 40m in the coordinate reference system Lambert72 and 2) resolution of 1km x 1km in the coordinate reference system WGS84. The metadata are available and allow assessing the uncertainties of the stock estimates in the different component maps.", "formats": [{"name": "KML"}], "keywords": ["High value dataset", "akker", "be", "bodem", "bos", "databank-ondergrond-vlaanderen", "departement-omgeving", "dov", "grasland", "koolstof", "landbouw", "ondergrond", "totaal-aan-organische-koolstof", "vlaanderen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vlaamse overheid, Departement Omgeving, Vlaams Planbureau voor Omgeving (VPO)", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://org.belgif.be/id/CbeEstablishmentUnit/2143719695", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://metadata.vlaanderen.be/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/8626aca9-9d5e-414d-92e0-351b0d8d7ba2"}, {"href": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/DataCatalogRecord/8626aca9-9d5e-414d-92e0-351b0d8d7ba2"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34", "name": "item", "description": "c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "00409c85-94da-475c-b58d-4fe9b448895d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-09-11T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "INSPIRE harmonized - Organic C percentage", "description": "More information about the soil at a particular location is often obtained through observations. This layer contains observations of the organic carbon percentage. There are two types of observations: Single and multiple observations. In the first case, one parameter corresponds to one measured value; in the second case with multiple measurement points and values. A single or multiple observation is always linked to one soil location, one depth interval, one soil site or one soil sample. A soil location, soil site, depth interval or soil sample can have 0 or more observations. There are three different types of single observations: a distinction is made between observations of a numerical value (these are measurements), observations with a free text value (these are observations) and observations that are categorized via a list box (these are coded observations). Each of these simple observations is characterized by one parameter and one measurement value (either numeric, free text, or an item from a drop-down list). Multiple observations are series of measurements \u2013 in this case, one parameter is described by multiple numerical measurements. Observations that are linked to a depth interval or soil sample always apply to the full depth of this depth interval or sample. Observations linked to a soil location or a soil site can have 0, one or two depths for observations independent of depth, observations at a certain depth or in a certain interval, respectively. Observations can optionally be linked to an observation method, which describes the method by which the value was determined, for example by referring to the procedure or standard that was followed.", "formats": [{"name": "KML"}], "keywords": ["High value dataset", "be", "bodem", "bodemanalyse", "bodembiologie", "bodemchemie", "bodemdaling", "bodemdegradatie", "bodemerosie", "bodemfunctie", "bodemgebruik", "bodemgesteldheid", "bodemkaart", "bodemkunde", "bodemkwaliteit", "bodemlaag", "bodemlucht", "bodemobservaties", "bodemorganisme", "bodemproces", "bodemprofiel", "bodemprofielgegevens", "bodemstructuur", "bodemtextuur", "bodemverdichting", "bodemverzuring", "bodemvocht", "bodemvochthuishouding", "bodemvorming", "bodemvruchtbaarheid", "databank-ondergrond-vlaanderen", "departement-omgeving", "doorsijpeling-van-water-in-de-bodem", "dov", "ondergrond", "profielput", "vlaanderen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vlaams Planbureau voor Omgeving", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://org.belgif.be/id/CbeEstablishmentUnit/2143719695", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://metadata.vlaanderen.be/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/18d20375-1765-4ef8-aa17-e60235aa704e"}, {"href": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/DataCatalogRecord/18d20375-1765-4ef8-aa17-e60235aa704e"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/00409c85-94da-475c-b58d-4fe9b448895d"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "00409c85-94da-475c-b58d-4fe9b448895d", "name": "item", "description": "00409c85-94da-475c-b58d-4fe9b448895d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/00409c85-94da-475c-b58d-4fe9b448895d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105663", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-08", "title": "Challenges of numerical simulations of cavitation reactors for water treatment - An example of flow simulation inside a cavitating microchannel.", "description": "The research on the potential of cavitation exploitation is currently an extremely interesting topic. To reduce the costs and time of the cavitation reactor optimization, nowadays, experimental optimization is supplemented and even replaced using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This is a very inviting opportunity for many developers, yet we find that all too often researchers with non-engineering background treat this 'new' tool too simplistic, what leads to many misinterpretations and consequent poor engineering. The present paper serves as an example of how complex the flow features, even in the very simplest geometry, can be, and how much effort needs to be put into details of numerical simulation to set a good starting point for further optimization of cavitation reactors. Finally, it provides guidelines for the researchers, who are not experts in computational fluid dynamics, to obtain reliable and repeatable results of cavitation simulations.", "keywords": ["Venturi", "QC221-246", "computational fluid dynamics", "Numerical simulation", "Computational fluid dynamics", "cavitation", " computational fluid dynamics", " numerical simulation", " venturi", " microchannel", "kavitacija", "venturijeve cevi", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "cavitation", "microchannel", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532.528:519.6:004.942", "Original Research Article", "numeri\u010dna simulacija", "QD1-999", "Venturi channel", "kavitacija", " ra\u010dunska dinamika fluidov", " numeri\u010dna simulacija", " venturijeve cevi", " mikrokanal", "Cavitation", "Acoustics. Sound", "ra\u010dunska dinamika fluidov", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "mikrokanal", "Chemistry", "numerical simulation", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532", "0405 other agricultural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pipp, Peter, Ho\u010devar, Marko, Dular, Matev\u017e,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105663"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ultrasonics%20Sonochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105663", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105663", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105663"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c06687", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-10", "title": "Microbial Interactions Drive the Complete Catabolism of the Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole in Activated Sludge Microbiomes", "description": "Microbial communities are believed to outperform monocultures in the complete catabolism of organic pollutants via reduced metabolic burden and increased robustness to environmental challenges; however, the interaction mechanism in functional microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, three functionally differentiated activated sludge microbiomes (S1: complete catabolism of sulfamethoxazole (SMX); S2: complete catabolism of the phenyl part of SMX ([phenyl]-SMX) with stable accumulation of its heterocyclic product 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (3A5MI); A: complete catabolism of 3A5MI rather than [phenyl]-SMX) were enriched. Combining time-series cultivation-independent microbial community analysis, DNA-stable isotope probing, molecular ecological network analysis, and cultivation-dependent function verification, we identified key players involved in the SMX degradation process. Paenarthrobacter and Nocardioides were primary degraders for the initial cleavage of the sulfonamide functional group (-C-S-N- bond) and 3A5MI degradation, respectively. Complete catabolism of SMX was achieved by their cross-feeding. The co-culture of Nocardioides, Acidovorax, and Sphingobium demonstrated that the nondegraders Acidovorax and Sphingobium were involved in the enhancement of 3A5MI degradation. Moreover, we unraveled the internal labor division patterns and connections among the active members centered on the two primary degraders. Overall, the proposed methodology is promisingly applicable and would help generate mechanistic, predictive, and operational understanding of the collaborative biodegradation of various contaminants. This study provides useful information for synthetic activated sludge microbiomes with optimized environmental functions.", "keywords": ["Sulfamethoxazole", "Physiology", "Science Policy", "analysis", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Microbiology", "Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified", "heterocyclic product 3-", "11. Sustainability", "Activated Sludge Microbiomes Microb.", "Acidovorax", "SMX degradation process", "Molecular Biology", "cultivation-dependent function veri.", "phenyl", "Ecology", "Sewage", "Microbiota", "catabolism", "Nocardioide", "Computational Biology", "Cell Biology", "6. Clean water", "Sphingobium", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "sludge microbiomes", "Infectious Diseases", "Complete", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Microbial Interactions Drive", "degrader", "Microbial Interactions", "labor division patterns", "5MI degradation", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Developmental Biology", "Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c06687"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06687"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c06687", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c06687", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c06687"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s42949-024-00154-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-16", "title": "Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services", "description": "Abstract

Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.Forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling by absorbing and storing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Although boreal forests contribute to approximately 45% of the total forest carbon sink, tree growth and soil carbon sequestration are constrained by nutrient availability. Here, we examine if long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term nutrient input enhances tree productivity and whether this leads to carbon storage or whether stimulated microbial decomposition of organic matter limits soil carbon accumulation. Over six decades, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium were supplied to a Pinus sylvestris\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated boreal forest. We found that nitrogen fertilization alone or together with calcium and/or phosphorus increased tree biomass production by 50% and soil carbon sequestration by 65% compared to unfertilized plots. However, the nonlinear relationship observed between tree productivity and soil carbon stock across treatments suggests microbial regulation. When phosphorus was co\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied with nitrogen, it acidified the soil, increased fungal biomass, altered microbial community composition, and enhanced biopolymer degradation capabilities. While no evidence of competition between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi has been observed, key functional groups with the potential to reduce carbon stocks were identified. In contrast, when nitrogen was added without phosphorus, it increased soil carbon sequestration because microbial activity was likely limited by phosphorus availability. In conclusion, the addition of nitrogen to boreal forests may contribute to global warming mitigation, but this effect is context dependent.Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.