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Maximal levels of free water clearance/clomerular filtration rate (CH2O/GFR) averaged 8.4% with nitrate loading and 14.4% with saline loading. Since ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide exert their major natriuretic effect in the distal nephron, the increment in Na ad Cl reabsorbed beyond the proximal tubule. The administration of these agents resulted in an increase in fractional sodium excretion (CNa/GFR) of 21.1%, urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) of 1,126 mueq/min, and urinary chloride excretion (UClV) of 848 mueq/min during nitrate loading compared with an increase in CNa/GFR of 37.6%, UNaV of 2,362 mueq/min, and UClV of 2,397 mueq/min during saline loading. The smaller diuretic-induced increment in Na and Cl excretion in the nitrate studies suggests, as do the hydrated studies, that less Cl and Na are reabsorbed in the distal nephron during nitrate than saline loading. At every level of UNaV, fractional bicarbonate reabsorption was higher, urine pH was lower, and urinary potassium excretion (UKV) was higher in the nitrate studies. Thus, compared with saline loading, sodium nitrate decreases chloride and sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. The higher hydrogen and potassium secretion in the nitrate studies may be consequent to the decreased ability of the distal nephron to reabsorb chloride. </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrates", "Sodium", "Biological Transport", "Chlorothiazide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Sodium Chloride", "Urine", "6. Clean water", "Diuresis", "3. Good health", "Bicarbonates", "Electrolytes", "03 medical and health sciences", "Dogs", "Ethacrynic Acid", "Kidney Tubules", "Chlorides", "Potassium", "Animals", "Glomerular Filtration Rate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marvin F. Levitt, T Kahn, J. P. 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Bilaterally isolated carotid chemoreceptors were perfused with autologous blood of varying O2 and CO2 tensions via an extracorporeal lung circuit. Systemic gas tensions were unchanged. Effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation on coronary vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and strain-gauge arch output were studied at natural coronary blood flow with the chest closed and during constant-flow perfusion of the left common coronary artery with the chest open. Carotid chemoreceptor stimulation slightly increased left ventricular dP/dt and slightly decreased the strain-gauge arch output, while markedly increasing systemic pressure. Coronary blood flow increased; however, coronary vascular resistance wa.as not affected. These studies show that local carotid body stimulation increases coronary blood flow but has little effect on the myocardium. The increase in coronary blood flow results mainly from an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Thus these data provide little evidence for increased sympathetic activity of the heart during local stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with hypoxic and hypercapnic blood. </p>", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Carotid Body", "Blood Pressure", "Heart", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Vagotomy", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Oxygen", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "Carotid Sinus", "Dogs", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Coronary Circulation", "Pressure", "Animals", "Ventricular Function", "Female", "Vascular Resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. M. Dabney, PE Parker, Ehrhart Ic, Jerry B. Scott, Weidner Wj, Francis J. 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