As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 corn straw\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68\uffc2\uffa0kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C equivalent (CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ce) kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0grain) than that of Control (0.24\uffc2\uffa0kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ce\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain), resulting from large soil CH4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N2O and CH4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44\uffc2\uffa0kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ce\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "N2O", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production; name=SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production", "Carbon footprint", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Life cycle assessment", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12248"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12248", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12248", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12248"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-31", "title": "Changes In Soil Biological And Biochemical Characteristics In A Long-Term Field Trial On A Sub-Tropical Inceptisol", "description": "Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), their ratio (MBC/SOC) which is also known as microbial quotient, soil respiration, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were evaluated in a long-term (31 years) field experiment involving fertility treatments (manure and inorganic fertilizers) and a maize (Zea mays L.)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\u2013cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) rotation at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute near New Delhi, India. Applying farmyard manure (FYM) plus NPK fertilizer significantly increased SOC (4.5\u20137.5\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121), microbial biomass (124\u2013291\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) and microbial quotient from 2.88 to 3.87. Soil respiration, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were also increased by FYM applications. The MBC response to FYM+100% NPK compared to 100% NPK (193 vs. 291\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) was much greater than that for soil respiration (6.24 vs. 6.93\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0O2\u00a0g\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) indicating a considerable portion of MBC in FYM plots was inactive. Dehydrogenase activity increased slightly as NPK rates were increased from 50% to 100%, but excessive fertilization (150% NPK) decreased it. Acid phosphatase activity (31.1 vs. 51.8\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0PNP\u00a0g\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) was much lower than alkali phosphatase activity (289 vs. 366\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0PNP\u00a0g\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) in all treatments. Phosphatase activity was influenced more by season or crop (e.g. tilling wheat residue) than fertilizer treatment, although both MBC and phosphatase activity were increased with optimum or balanced fertilization. SOC, MBC, soil respiration and acid phosphatase activity in control (no NPK, no manure) treatment was lower than uncultivated reference soil, and soil respiration was limiting at N alone or NP alone treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-03", "title": "Earthworms (Millsonia Anomala, Megascolecidae) Do Not Increase Rice Growth Through Enhanced Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Earthworms have been shown to increase plant growth in 75% of the experiments that have compared plant growth in their presence and absence. However, the relative importance of the different mechanisms advanced to explain such a stimulatory effect has never been tested. In a laboratory experiment, we observed increased growth of rice plants in the presence of earthworms (Millsonia anomala, Megascolecidae) and demonstrated that enhanced nitrogen release (generally considered as the principal mechanism involved in earthworm positive effect on plants) was not responsible for this result: earthworms had the same stimulatory effect on plant growth (+20%) irrespective of whether the soil (provided with different amounts of mineral-N fertilizer) was either N-limited or N-saturated. We discuss alternative explanations for the observed variations in rice production.", "keywords": ["580", "Nitrogen gradient", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Mineralization", "nitrogen gradient", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Mechanisms affecting plant growth", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Earthworm", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "earthworm", "mechanisms affecting plant growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal-bioemco.ccsd.cnrs.fr/bioemco-00448744/file/Blouin_et_al.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-21", "title": "How Important Is N2o Production In Removing Atmospherically Deposited Nitrogen From Uk Moorland Catchments?", "description": "Nitrate (NO3\u2212) leaching due to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem in many parts of the UK uplands, associated with surface water acidification and affecting lake nutrient balances. It is often assumed that gaseous return of deposited N to the atmosphere as N2O through denitrification may provide an important sink for N. This assumption was tested for four moorland catchments (Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh in the Cairngorms, Afon Gwy in mid-Wales, Scoat Tarn in the English Lake District and River Etherow in the southern Pennines), covering gradients of atmospheric N deposition and surface water NO3\u2212 leaching, through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field measurements of N2O fluxes from static chambers with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution were carried out every 4 weeks over 1 yr. Wetted soil cores from the same field plots were used in experimental laboratory incubations at 5 and 15 \u00b0C with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution, followed by measurement of N2O fluxes. Field measurements showed that significant N2O fluxes occurred in only a very small number of plots with most showing zero values for much of the year. The maximum fluxes were 0.24 kg-N/ha/yr from unamended plots at the River Etherow and 0.49 kg-N/ha/yr from plots with NH4NO3 additions at the Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh. Laboratory incubation experiments demonstrated that large N2O fluxes could be induced by warming and NH4NO3 additions, with the top 5 cm of soil cores responsible for the largest fluxes, reaching 11.8 kg-N/ha/yr from a podsol at Scoat Tarn. Acetylene block experiments showed that while N2 was not likely to be a significant denitrification product in these soils, reduced N2O fluxes indicated that nitrification was an important source of N2O in many cases. A simple model of denitrification suggesting that 10\u201380% of net N inputs may be denitrified from non-agricultural soils was found to greatly over-estimate fluxes in the UK uplands. The proportion of deposition denitrified was found to be much closer to the IPCC suggested value of 1% with an upper limit of 10%. Interception of N deposition by vegetation may greatly reduce the net supply of N from this source, while soil acidification or other factors limiting carbon supply to soil microbes may prevent large denitrification fluxes even where NO3\u2212 supply is not limiting.", "keywords": ["denitrification", "nitrous oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "moorlands", "nitrogen deposition", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "nitrogen saturation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Storage And Dynamics Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Soil Physical Fractions Following Woody Plant Invasion Of Grassland", "description": "Abstract Woody plant invasion of grasslands is prevalent worldwide. In the Rio Grande Plains of Texas, subtropical thorn woodlands dominated by C3 trees/shrubs have been replacing C4 grasslands over the past 150\u00a0yr, resulting in increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and concomitant increases in soil total nitrogen (STN). To elucidate mechanisms of change in SOC and STN, we separated soil organic matter into specific size/density fractions and determined the concentration of C and N in these fractions. Soils were collected from remnant grasslands (Time 0) and woody plant stands (ages 10\u2013130\u00a0yr). Rates of whole-soil C and N accrual in the upper 15\u00a0cm of the soil profile averaged 10\u201330\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121 and 1\u20133\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, over the past 130\u00a0yr of woodland development. These rates of accumulation have increased soil C and N stocks in older wooded areas by 100\u2013500% relative to remnant grasslands. Probable causes of these increased pool sizes include higher rates of organic matter production in wooded areas, greater inherent biochemical resistance of woody litter to decomposition, and protection of organic matter by stabilization within soil macro- and microaggregates. The mass proportions of the free light fraction ( 250\u00a0\u03bcm) increased linearly with time following woody plant invasion of grassland. Conversely, the mass proportions of free microaggregate (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and free silt+clay (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Storage And Dynamics Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Soil Physical Fractions Following Woody Plant Invasion Of Grassland", "description": "Abstract Woody plant invasion of grasslands is prevalent worldwide. In the Rio Grande Plains of Texas, subtropical thorn woodlands dominated by C3 trees/shrubs have been replacing C4 grasslands over the past 150\u00a0yr, resulting in increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and concomitant increases in soil total nitrogen (STN). To elucidate mechanisms of change in SOC and STN, we separated soil organic matter into specific size/density fractions and determined the concentration of C and N in these fractions. Soils were collected from remnant grasslands (Time 0) and woody plant stands (ages 10\u2013130\u00a0yr). Rates of whole-soil C and N accrual in the upper 15\u00a0cm of the soil profile averaged 10\u201330\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121 and 1\u20133\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, over the past 130\u00a0yr of woodland development. These rates of accumulation have increased soil C and N stocks in older wooded areas by 100\u2013500% relative to remnant grasslands. Probable causes of these increased pool sizes include higher rates of organic matter production in wooded areas, greater inherent biochemical resistance of woody litter to decomposition, and protection of organic matter by stabilization within soil macro- and microaggregates. The mass proportions of the free light fraction ( 250\u00a0\u03bcm) increased linearly with time following woody plant invasion of grassland. Conversely, the mass proportions of free microaggregate (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and free silt+clay (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-23", "title": "Carbohydrate Dynamics In Particle-Size Fractions Of Sandy Spodosols Following Forest Conversion To Maize Cropping", "description": "Abstract In southwest France, much of the forested land on sandy spodosols has been converted to continuous maize cropping in the last few decades. To evaluate the impacts of this change on soil organic matter properties, we compared total organic C and neutral and amino sugars content in whole soil and particle size separates of two forested, and five related sites that had been either clear-cut for 12 and 18 mo, or cultivated to maize for 4\u201322\u00a0yr. Soil carbohydrates accounted for 4\u20137% of the total organic C across all sites. Soil organic C contents of clear-cut and cultivated sites were only 57\u201379% of the average value measured in forested sites. Accordingly, carbohydrate content of clear-cut and cultivated sites were only 35\u201366% of the value in forested sites. Ordering the sites in a chronosequence indicated that both total organic C and carbohydrate contents decreased with an increase in time elapsed since clear-cutting and maize cultivation. The only exception was a partial recovery of carbohydrate content in the site that had been under continuous maize for 22\u00a0yr. The clay+silt fraction (0\u201350\u00a0\u03bcm) was enriched in carbohydrates, mainly of microbial origin, whereas the sand size fractions (50\u2013200 and 200\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm) contained fewer carbohydrates which were mainly of plant origin. Monosaccharide analysis of particle size separates revealed significant differences in carbohydrate composition between sites. Relative to forested sites, the coarse and fine sand fractions in clear-cut and cultivated sites were depleted in carbohydrates and were relatively enriched in plant-derived carbohydrates. Carbohydrate content of the clay+silt fraction drastically decreased upon clear-cutting. Amino sugar content was consistently lower in clear-cut and cultivated sites than in forested sites, indicating that microbial populations were negatively affected by clear-cutting and cultivation. The fungal population appeared more sensitive than bacteria to these land-use changes as indicated by a greater decline in glucosamine than in muramic acid contents.", "keywords": ["PINE FOREST", "2. Zero hunger", "PODZOSOL", "550", "BIOCHIMIE", "CARBOHYDRATES", "PIN MARITIME", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "PARTICLE SIZE SEPARATE", "SUCRES", "MAIZE CROPPING", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "FRACTIONNEMENT GRANULOMETRIQUE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-26", "title": "Bacterial Inoculants Affecting Nickel Uptake By Alyssum Murale From Low, Moderate And High Ni Soils", "description": "Metal hyperaccumulator plants like Alyssum murale have a remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate Ni from soils containing mostly insoluble Ni. We have shown some rhizobacteria increase the phytoavailability of Ni in soils, thus enhancing Ni accumulation by A. murale. Nine bacterial strains, originally isolated from the rhizosphere of A. murale grown in serpentine Ni-rich soil, were examined for their ability to solubilize Ni in different soils and for their effect on Ni uptake into Alyssum. Microbacterium oxydans AY509223; Rhizobium galegae AY509213; Microbacterium oxydans AY509219; Clavibacter xyli AY509236; Acidovorax avenae AY512827; Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum AY509225; M. oxydans AY509222; M. arabinogalactanolyticum AY509226 and M. oxydans AY509221 were added to low, moderate and high Ni-contaminated soils. M. oxydans AY509223 significantly increased Ni extraction by 10 mM Sr(NO3)2 from the high and medium soils and had no effect on Ni extraction from the low Ni soils. The other eight bacterial isolates significantly increased Ni extraction from all soils. There were no significant effects of bacterial inoculation on fresh and dry weight of A . murale shoots grown in the low and high Ni soils compared to an unamended control. M. oxydans AY509223 significantly increased Ni uptake of A. murale grown in the low, medium, and high soils by 36.1%, 39.3%, and 27.7%, respectively, compared with uninoculated seeds. M. oxydans AY509223 increased foliar Ni from the same soils from 82.9, 261.3 and 2829.3 mg kg 1 to 129.7, 430.7, and 3914.3 mg kg 1 , respectively, compared with uninoculated controls. These results show that bacteria are important for Ni", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-19", "title": "Gross Nitrogen Transformations In Adjacent Native And Plantation Forest'S Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Abstract The impact of land-use change on soil nitrogen (N) transformations was investigated in adjacent native forest (NF), 53\u00a0y-old first rotation (1R) and 5\u00a0y-old second rotation (2R) hoop pine ( Araucaia cunninghamii ) plantations. The 15 N isotope dilution method was used to quantify gross rates of N transformations in aerobic and anaerobic laboratory incubations. Results showed that the land-use change had a significant impact on the soil N transformations. Gross ammonification rates in the aerobic incubation ranged between 0.62 and 1.78\u00a0mg N\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0d \u22121 , while gross nitrification rates ranged between 2.1 and 6.6\u00a0mg N\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0d \u22121 . Gross ammonification rates were significantly lower in the NF and the 1R soils than in the 2R soils, however gross nitrification rates were significantly higher in the NF soils than in the plantation soils. The greater rates of gross nitrification found in the NF soil compared to the plantation soils, were related to lower soil C:N ratios (i.e. more labile soil N under NF). Nitrification was found to be the dominant soil N transformation process in the contrasting forest ecosystems. This might be attributed to certain site conditions which may favour the nitrifying community, such as the dry climate and tree species. There was some evidence to suggest that heterotrophic nitrifiers may undertake a significant portion of nitrification.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "Soil sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-26", "title": "Pyrogenic Carbon Additions To Soil Counteract Positive Priming Of Soil Carbon Mineralization By Plants", "description": "Abstract Important due to both its role in fire-affected ecosystems, and also its proposed intentional production and application for carbon (C) management, pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is thought to contain very stable forms of C. However, the mechanisms behind its interactions with non-PyOM soil organic C (SOC) remain speculative, with studies often showing short-term positive and then long-term negative \u201cpriming effects\u201d on SOC decomposition after PyOM applications. Furthermore, studies of these interactions to date have been limited to systems that do not include plants. This study describes results from a 12-week greenhouse experiment where PyOM-SOC priming effects with and without plants were investigated using stable isotope partitioning. In addition, we investigated the optimal \u03b413C proxies for sources of SOC, PyOM, and plant-derived CO2 emissions. The two-factorial experiment included the presence or absence of corn plants and of 13C-labelled PyOM. In order to control for pH and nutrient addition effects from PyOM, its pH was adjusted to that of the soil and optimal nutrient and water conditions were provided to the plants. The \u03b413C of PyOM sub-components were significantly different. Significant losses of 0.4% of the applied PyOM-C occurred in the first week. We find evidence for a \u201cnegative priming\u201d effect of PyOM on SOC in the system (SOC losses are 48% lower with PyOM present), which occurred primarily during the first week, indicating it may be due to transient effects driven by easily mineralizable PyOM. Additionally, while the presence of corn plants resulted in significantly increased SOC losses (\u201cpositive priming\u201d), PyOM additions counteract this effect, almost completely eliminating net C losses either by decreasing SOC decomposition or increasing corn C additions to soil. This highlights the importance of including plants in studies of PyOM-SOC interactions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thea Whitman, Akio Enders, Johannes Lehmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-01", "title": "Fast Turnover Of Low Molecular Weight Components Of The Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool Of Temperate Grassland Field Soils", "description": "Large amounts of low molecular weight (LMW;<250 Da) carbon (C) are lost from roots into the rhizosphere as a consequence of root turnover and exudation. Their rates of turnover after release into the soil remain poorly understood. We extracted soil solution from a temperate grassland Eutric Cambisol, isotopically labeled the glucose and amino acid components, and then re-injected the solution back into the soil. We followed the subsequent evolution of 14CO2 and incorporation of the LMW C into the soil microbial biomass or grasses for 48 h. The experiments were performed both on grazed and un-grazed swards in the field, and in the laboratory. In the field, we showed that glucose and amino acids had short half-lives (t1/2) in soil solution (t1/2=20\u201340 min), but that they persisted in soil microbes for much longer. A first-order double exponential model fitted the experimental data well and gave rate constant (k) values of 1.21\u20132.14 h\u22121 for k1 and 0.0025\u20130.0048 h\u22121 for k2. Only small amounts of the added 14C were recovered in plant biomass (<5% of total added to soil) indicating that plant roots are poor competitors for LMW dissolved organic C (DOC) in comparison to soil microorganisms. The first phase of glucose and amino acid mineralization in the laboratory was slower (t1/2=40\u201360 min) than measured in the field reinforcing the importance of making flux measurements in situ. Whilst grazing stimulated below-ground respiration, it exerted only a small influence on the turnover of LMW DOC suggesting that the increase in respiration was due to increased root respiration and not turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Our results suggest that some components of the LMW DOC pool are turned over extremely rapidly (ca. 4000 times annually).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-16", "title": "Soil Restoration In Semiarid Patagonia: Chemical And Biological Response To Different Compost Quality", "description": "Abstract Restoration of soils burned by a wildfire using composted amendments of different origin (biosolids and municipal organic wastes) and final particle size (screened and unscreened) was studied after 6 and 12 months of application in a field trial in semiarid NW Patagonia. Composts were applied at 40\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121. A fertilized treatment with soluble N (100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) and P (35\u00a0kg ha\u22121), and a non-treated control were also included. As indicators of soil response, chemical (electrical conductivity, pH, organic C, total N, extractable P), biological (potential microbial respiration, potential net N mineralization, N retained in microbial biomass) and physical (temperature and soil moisture) properties were evaluated. Plant soil cover was also estimated. Soil chemical and biological properties showed a high response to organic amendment addition, more evident after the wet season (12 months of application). Soil organic C, total N and extractable P increased significantly with biosolids composts (BC), and soil pH with municipal composts (MC). Potential microbial C respiration and net N mineralization were similar for both MC and BC, and significantly higher than in the control and the inorganic fertilized treatment; when calculated on C or N basis the highest values corresponded to MC. Results imply that in terms of organic C accretion, BC were more effective than MC due to higher amounts of total and recalcitrant C. Screened and unscreened composts did not differ significantly in their effects on soil properties. The increase of organic C with BC did not contribute to increase soil moisture, which was even higher in control plots after the wet season; higher plant cover and water consumption in amended plots could also explain this pattern. Inorganic fertilization enhanced higher plant cover than organic amendments, but did not contribute to soil restoration.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Esteban Kowaljow, Mar\u00eda Julia Mazzarino, Mar\u00eda Julia Mazzarino,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-19", "title": "Earthworm Activity Affects Soil Aggregation And Organic Matter Dynamics According To The Quality And Localization Of Crop Residues - An Experimental Study (Madagascar)", "description": "Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in the functioning of ecosystems, and is beneficial from agronomic and from environmental point of view. Alternative cultural systems, like direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems, enhance carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural soils and lead to an increase in soil macrofauna. This study aimed at evaluating in field mesocosms the effects of earthworms on SOM dynamics and aggregation, as influenced by residue quality and management. In the highlands of Madagascar, buckets were filled with 2\u00a0mm-sieved clayey Inceptisol. The effects of earthworm addition (Pontoscolex corethrurus), residue addition (rice, soybean, and no addition), and localization of the residues (mulched or buried) were studied. After 5 months, soil from mesocosms with earthworms had significantly lower C concentration and higher proportion of large water-stable macroaggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) than those without earthworms, because of the production of large macroaggregates by earthworms. Earthworm effect on soil aggregation was greater with rice than with soybean residues. Casts (extracted from mesocosms with earthworms) were slightly enriched in C and showed significantly higher mineralization than the non-ingested soil (NIS), showing that at the time scale of our study, the carbon contained in the casts was not protected against mineralization. No difference in microbial biomass was found between casts and NIS. Complementary investigations are necessary to assess long-term effects of earthworm addition on SOM dynamics, the conditions of occurrence of physical protection, and the impact of earthworms on the structure of the microbial community.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "Pontoscolex corethrurus", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "residue management", "microbial biomass", "carbon mineralization", "Carbon mineralization", "Direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems", "Microbial biomass", "Residue management", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "carbon protection", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Carbon protection", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "direct seeding mulch based cropping systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-28", "title": "Effect Of The Conversion Of Grassland To Spring Wheat Field On The Co2 Emission Characteristics In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Chinese grasslands have undergone great changes in land use in recent decades. Approximately 18.2% of the present arable land in China originated from the cultivation of grassland, but its impact on the carbon cycle has not been fully understood. This study wasconducted insitu for3yearstoassessthecomprehensive effects ofcultivationof temperatesteppe onsoilorganiccarbon(SOC) and soil respiration rates as well as ecosystem respiration. As compared with those in the Stipa baicalensis steppe, the SOC concentrations at depths of 0\u201010 and 10\u201020 cm in the spring wheat field were found to have decreased by 38.3 and 17.4% respectively from 29.5 and 21.9 g kg \ufffd 1 to 18.2 and 18.1 g kg \ufffd 1 after a cultivation period of 30 years. Accordingly, the total amounts of soil respiration through the growing season (from April to September) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 265.2, 282.2 and 237.4 g C m \ufffd 2 respectivelyinthespringwheatfield,whichwereslightly lowerthanthevaluesof342.2,412.0and312.1 g C m \ufffd 2 in the S. baicalensis steppe, while ecosystem respiration of 690.9, 991.2 and 569.6 g C m \ufffd 2 respectively in the spring wheat field were markedly higher than those of 447.0, 470.9 and 429.7 g C m \ufffd 2 in the steppe plot. Similar seasonal variations of ecosystem respiration and soil respiration existed in both sample sites. Respiration rates were higher and greater differences existed in both ecosystem respiration and soil respiration during the exuberant growth stage of plants (from mid-June to mid-August). However, in the slower-growth period of the growing season (before late May and after late August), the CO2 effluxes of the two sample sites were similar and remained at a relatively low level. The results also showed that ecosystem respiration and soil respiration were under similar environmental controls in both sample sites. Soil water content at a depth of 0\u201010 cm and soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cmwere themain factors affectingthevariations in ecosystemrespiration and soil respirationrates indroughty yearsof 2002and 2004 and in the rainy 2003, respectively. This study suggests that the conversion of the grassland to the spring wheat field has increased the carbon loss of the whole ecosystem due to the change of vegetation cover type and significantly reduced the carbon storage of surface soil. In addition, the tillage of grassland had different effects on ecosystem respiration and soil respiration. The effects were also dissimilar in different growthstages, which should be fully considered when assessing and predicting the effects of cultivation on the net CO2 balance of grassland ecosystems. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manfred Domroes, Jiyuan Liu, Yunshe Dong, Yunshe Dong, Xing-Ren Liu, Yuanbo Geng, Yuchun Qi, Li-xin Liu, Xiao-hong Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Mineralization And Carbon Turnover In Subarctic Heath Soil As Affected By Warming And Additional Litter", "description": "Arctic soil carbon (C) stocks are threatened by the rapidly advancing global warming. In addition to temperature, increasing amounts of leaf litter fall following from the expansion of deciduous shrubs and trees in northern ecosystems may alter biogeochemical cycling of C and nutrients. Our aim was to assess how factorial warming and litter addition in a long-term field experiment on a subarctic heath affect resource limitation of soil microbial communities (measured by thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques), net growing-season mineralization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and carbon turnover (measured as changes in the pools during a growing-season-long field incubation of soil cores in situ). The mainly N limited bacterial communities had shifted slightly towards limitation by C and P in response to seven growing seasons of warming. This and the significantly increased bacterial growth rate under warming may partly explain the observed higher C loss from the warmed soil. This is furthermore consistent with the less dramatic increase in the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) in the warmed soil than in the soil from ambient temperature during the field incubation. The added litter did not affect the carbon content, but it was a source of nutrients to the soil, and it also tended to increase bacterial growth rate and net mineralization of P. The inorganic N pool decreased during the field incubation of soil cores, especially in the separate warming and litter addition treatments, while gross mineralized N was immobilized in the biomass of microbes and plants transplanted into the incubates soil cores, but without any significant effect of the treatments. The effects of warming plus litter addition on bacterial growth rates and of warming on C and N transformations during field incubation suggest that microbial activity is an important control on the carbon balance of arctic soils under climate change.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-09", "title": "Observed And Modelled Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Changes After Planting A Pinus Radiata Stand Onto Former Pasture", "description": "Abstract After reforesting pasture land, it is often observed that soil carbon stocks decrease. The present work reports findings from a site near Canberra, Australia, where a pine forest (Pinus radiata) was planted onto a former unimproved pasture site. We report a number of detailed observations seeking to understand the basis of the decline in soil C stocks. This is supported by simulations using the whole-ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling model CenW 3.1. The model indicated that over the first 18 years after forest establishment, the site lost about 5.5\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 588\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 from the soil. The C:N ratio of soil organic matter did not change in a systematic manner over the observational period. Carbon and nitrogen stocks contained in the biomass of the 18-year old pine stand exceeded that of the pasture by 88\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 393\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121. An additional 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 110\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 accumulated in above-ground litter. These changes, together with the vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen in the soil, agreed well with the observation at the site. It was assumed that over 18 years, there was also a loss of 86\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 from the ecosystem because of normal gaseous losses during nitrogen turn-over and a small amount of nitrogen leaching. Those losses could not be replenished in the pine system without symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation, and there were no fertiliser additions. A simple mass balance approach indicated that the amount of nitrogen accumulating in plant biomass and the litter layer plus the assumed nitrogen loss from the site matched the amount of nitrogen lost from the soil organic nitrogen pool. This reduction in soil nitrogen, together with an unchanged C:N ratio, provided a simple and internally consistent explanation for the observed reduction of soil carbon after reforestation. It supports the general notion that trends in soil carbon upon land-use change can often be controlled by the possible fates of available soil nitrogen.", "keywords": ["550", "Nitrogen", "CenW", "Reforesting pasture lands", "910", "Carbon inorganic compounds", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystems", "Nitrogen compounds", "C:N ratio", "Nitrogen fixation", "Pasture", "Biomass", "Reforestation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Keywords: Biological materials", "Pinus radiata", "Nitrogen cycling models", "modeling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Soil carbon", "Pine", "coniferous tree", "Pine forest", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Model"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger M. Gifford, LanBin Guo, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61078/5/Kirschbaum_Observed_and_modelled_soil_carbon.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61078/7/01_Kirschbaum_Observed_and_modelled_soil_2008.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-08", "title": "Recovery Of Biochemical Functionality In Polluted Flood-Plain Soils: The Role Of Microhabitat Differentiation Through Revegetation And Rehabilitation Of The River Dynamics", "description": "Abstract Soil biogeochemical functions in flood-plains are controlled mainly by interactions between river flooding dynamics and vegetation change. This generates a pattern of landscape cross-sectional and longitudinal heterogeneity in texture, microtopography and plant cover. Agricultural uses restrain such mechanisms, eliminating the mosaic of soil environments and vegetation patches in natural flood-plains. The ecological restoration performed in ca. 5000\u00a0ha of agricultural lands in the Guadiamar river basin (SW Spain), affected by the Aznalcollar mine spill in 1998 (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn-rich pyritic sludge), has focused on the re-creation of those controlling mechanisms (enhancement of the natural river flooding dynamics and patchy afforestation). We have studied temporal trends, and the role of specific habitats differentiation in the river terraces, on the recovery of the soil biochemical status in the emerging ecosystems. During 2000\u20132004, the geometric mean of enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, \u03b2-glucosidase, urease, arylsulfatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) increased three-fold in the most-impacted, coarser textured, upper-watershed soils; and by six-fold in less polluted, loamy soils at the mid-watershed. In 2005, sampling was stratified by microhabitats at two representative watershed sections. Vegetation cover-type and transport/sedimentation processes are the main driving forces increasing both the mean value and intra-site spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (especially enzyme activities) in reclaimed areas. In the wet season, soil enzyme activity under adult trees (holm-oaks and Eucaliptus), and in spots where silt and plant residues had accumulated during previous floodings, was more than 50% higher than in bare areas. However, activities were strongly inhibited in eroded areas where pollutant residues appeared in the surface. Woody patches and the grassy matrix of revegetated areas showed distinctive soil N features. Specific plant species effects were observed, such as a generally high enzymatic activity in soils under Tamarix gallica.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-16", "title": "Soil Nitrogen Leaching Losses In Response To Freeze-Thaw Cycles And Pulsed Warming In A Temperate Old Field", "description": "Abstract Climate warming and increased climate variability are both predicted to increase the frequency of soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles in temperate regions. We exposed intact soil-plant mesocosms to freeze\u2013thaw cycles and examined the effects on nitrogen leaching losses. Freezing treatments were performed by incubating the mesocosms in the soil with their tops exposed to air to impose freezing from the top down, such that realistic freezing rates and cycle amplitudes were experienced across the soil profile. Leaching events were then initiated by water addition the following day for both the freezing treatment and control mesocosms. While water addition alone explained the major part of soluble organic nitrogen leaching, nitrate leaching approximately doubled in response to freeze\u2013thaw cycles, and nitrogen leaching remained high after 11 freeze\u2013thaw cycles. In a second experiment, pulses of warming were applied in situ to mesocosms over fall, winter or spring, in order to melt snow, and thereby increase freeze\u2013thaw cycling by exposing soils to diurnal fluctuations in air temperature. Warming pulses had little effect on sub-surface soil temperatures and no effect on soil nitrogen leaching. However, warming pulses over spring severely reduced the abundance of the legume Coronilla varia in the following growing season. Overall, the results of these experiments indicate that while increased soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles combined with leaching events are capable of increasing soil nitrogen losses, warming pulses will only promote increased freeze\u2013thaw cycles if they are followed by cold, snow-free weather. The strong effect of warming on the N-fixer C. varia highlights that changes in plant species composition in response to warming may have stronger implications for soil nitrogen dynamics than the direct effects of freeze\u2013thaw cycles on soil nitrogen leaching losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Long-Term Organic Farming Fosters Below And Aboveground Biota: Implications For Soil Quality, Biological Control And Productivity", "description": "Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between \u201cherbicide-free\u201d bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "generalist predators", "respiration microbienne", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "faune du sol", "natural enemies", "alternative prey", "630", "nitrogen", "food-web", "Soil", "agriculture biologique", "cycle biologique", "herbicide", "min\u00e9ralisation de l'azote", "fertilisation organique", "fertilisation min\u00e9rale", "soil quality", "2. Zero hunger", "agriculture biodynamique", "agriculture conventionnelle", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sustainability", "long terme", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "mycorrhizal fungi", "ennemi naturel", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "DOK trial;ecosystem functioning;farming system;fertilization;generalist predators;microbial community;nutrient cycling;natural enemies;soil fauna;soil quality;sustainability", "microbial community", "soil fauna", "agricultural systems", "management", "570", "agroecosystems", "Soil quality", "suisse", "productivit\u00e9", "Soil biology", "culture c\u00e9r\u00e9aliere", "triticum aestivum", "biomasse microbienne", "biomass", "DOK trial", "15. Life on land", "qualit\u00e9 biologique du sol", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming system", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-21", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Store And Storage Potential As Affected By Land-Use In A Leymus Chinensis Grassland Of Northern China", "description": "Understanding the store and storage potential of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) helps us understand how ecosystems would respond to natural and anthropogenic disturbances under different management strategies. We investigated organic C and N storage in aboveground biomass, litter, roots, and soil organic matter (SOM) in eight sites that were floristically and topographically similar, but which had been subjected to different intensities of disturbance by grazing animals. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of grazing exclusion (GE) on the store and storage potential of C and N in the Leymus chinensis Tzvel. grasslands of northern China. The results revealed that the total C storage (including that stored in aboveground biomass, litter, roots, and SOM, i.e. top 100-cm soil layer) was significantly different among the eight grasslands and varied from 7.0 kg C m \ufffd2 to 15.8 kg C m \ufffd2 , meanwhile, the total N storage varied from 0.6 kg N m \ufffd2 to 1.5 kg N m \ufffd2 . The soil C storage decreased substantially with grassland degradation due to long-term heavy grazing. 90% C and 95% N stored in grasslands were observed in the SOM, and they were minor in other pools. The limit range of C and N storage observed in these grassland soils suggests that GE may be a valuable mechanism of sequestering C in the top meter of the soil profile.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-22", "title": "Priming Depletes Soil Carbon And Releases Nitrogen In A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Co2", "description": "Abstract Elevated atmospheric CO 2 tends to stimulate plant productivity, which could either stimulate or suppress the processing of soil carbon, thereby feeding back to atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. We employed an acid-hydrolysis-incubation method and a net nitrogen-mineralization assay to assess stability of soil carbon pools and short-term nitrogen dynamics in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem after six years of exposure to elevated CO 2 . We found that soil carbon concentration in the slow pool was 27% lower in elevated than ambient CO 2 plots at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. The difference in carbon mass was equivalent to roughly one-third of the increase in plant biomass that occurred in the same experiment. These results concur with previous reports from this ecosystem that elevated CO 2 stimulates microbial degradation of relatively stable soil organic carbon pools. Accordingly, elevated CO 2 increased net N mineralization in the 10\u201330\u00a0cm depth, which may increase N availability, thereby allowing for continued stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO 2 . Our findings suggest that soil texture and climate may explain the differential response of soil carbon among various long-term, field-based CO 2 studies. Increased mineralization of stable soil organic carbon by a CO 2 -induced priming effect may diminish the terrestrial carbon sink globally.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-06", "title": "Tillage And Crop Residue Management Significantly Affects N-Trace Gas Emissions During The Non-Rice Season Of A Subtropical Rice-Wheat Rotation", "description": "Abstract Field operations of tillage and residue incorporation could have potentially important influences on N-trace gas fluxes, though poorly quantified. Here we studied the effects of straw incorporation in the preceding rice season and no-tillage prior to wheat sowing on nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during the non-rice period of a typical rice-wheat rotation in the Yangtze River Delta. Compared to conventional management practice (no straw incorporation along with rotary harrowing tillage to 10\u00a0cm before wheat sowing), straw incorporation alone decreased cumulative N2O emissions over the entire non-rice period by 32% (1.53 vs. 2.24\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-01", "title": "Labile, Recalcitrant, And Microbial Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Of A Tallgrass Prairie Soil In The Us Great Plains Subjected To Experimental Warming And Clipping", "description": "Abstract Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are largely controlled by the small but highly bio-reactive, labile pools of these elements in terrestrial soils, while long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Changes in the size of these pools and redistribution among them in response to global warming may considerably affect the long-term terrestrial C and N storage. However, such changes have not been carefully examined in field warming experiments. This study used sulfuric acid hydrolysis to quantify changes in labile and recalcitrant C and N fractions of soil in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that had been continuously warmed with or without clipping for about 2.5 years. Warming significantly increased labile C and N fractions in the unclipped plots, resulting in increments of 373\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121 dry soil and 15\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg \u22121 dry soil, over this period whilst clipping significantly decreased such concentrations in the warmed plots. Warming also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N in the unclipped plots, and increased ratios of soil microbial/labile C and N, indicating an increase in microbial C- and N-use efficiency. Recalcitrant and total C and N contents were not significantly affected by warming. For all measured pools, only labile and microbial biomass C fractions showed significant interactions between warming and clipping, indicating the dependence of the warming effects on clipping. Our results suggest that increased soil labile and microbial C and N fractions likely resulted indirectly from warming increases in plant biomass input, which may be larger than warming-enhanced decomposition of labile organic compounds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-09", "title": "Are Laboratory Derived Toxicity Results Informative For Field Situations? Case Study On Earthworm Populations Contaminated With Heavy Metals", "description": "The relevance of laboratory tests on toxicants for field situations is often disputed given that laboratory tests are conducted under, next to the toxicant stress, optimal conditions which are not expected in field situations. In this paper we confront the results of laboratory tests on growth, reproduction and survival of earthworms, in a polluted and a reference field soil with a field inventory of earthworms. The field inventory includes population density, biomass and demographic composition in life stages measured monthly over a period of one year. The field inventory showed that density and biomass was higher at the polluted field site, a result in conflict with the extrapolation of the laboratory tests that showed a decrease in population growth rate by 23% at this site compared to the reference. The field inventory and laboratory derived results agreed in the demographic composition of the population with more individuals in the younger age class at the polluted site compared to the reference. Abiotic and biotic conditions that differ between sites and could possibly explain the lower earthworm biomass and density at the reference site are discussed. We suggest that predation by the two to five times higher densities of meadow birds in spring may have caused the lower density and biomass of earthworms at the reference site.", "keywords": ["consequences", "eisenia-foetida oligochaeta", "growth", "temperature", "netherlands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "lumbricus-rubellus", "reproduction", "godwit limosa-limosa", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "river floodplains", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klok, T.C., Thissen, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-06", "title": "Decomposition And Mineralization Of Energy Crop Residues Governed By Earthworms", "description": "Abstract Energy crops are increasingly cultivated in agricultural management systems world-wide. A substitution of food crops (e.g. cereals) by energy crops may generally alter the biological activity and litter decomposition in soil due to their varying structural and chemical composition and subsequently modify soil functioning. A soil microcosm experiment was performed to assess the decomposition and microbial mineralization of different energy crop residues in soil compared to a food crop, with or without earthworms. Residues of the energy crops winter rape (Brassica napus), maize (Zea mays), miscanthus (Miscanthus\u00a0giganteus) and the food crop oat (Avena sativa) were each provided as food source for a mixed earthworm population, each consisting of one individual of Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea caliginosa, and Octolasion tyrtaeum. After 6 weeks, the rate of litter loss from the soil surface, earthworm biomass, microbial biomass-C and -N, microbial activity, and enzyme activities were determined. The results emphasized, that litter loss and microbial parameters were predominantly promoted by earthworms and were additionally influenced by the varying structural and chemical composition of the different litter. Litter decay by earthworms was highest in N-rich maize litter treatment (C\u2013N ratio 34.8) and lowest in the case of miscanthus litter (C\u2013N ratio 134.4). As a consequence, the microbial biomass and basal respiration in soils with maize litter were higher, relative to other litter types. MBC\u2013MBN ratio in soil increased when earthworms were present, indicating N competition between earthworms and microorganisms. Furthermore, enzyme activities responded in different ways on the varying types of litter and earthworm activity. Enzymes involved in the N-cycle decreased and those involved in the C-cycle tended to increase in the presence of earthworms, when litter with high C\u2013N ratio was provided as a food source. Especially in the miscanthus treatments, less N might remain for enzymatic degradation, indicating that N competition between earthworms and microorganisms may vary between different litter types. Especially, an expansion of miscanthus in agricultural management systems might result in a reduced microbial activity and a higher N deficit for microorganisms in soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel Felten, Isabell Henseler, Christoph Emmerling, Gregor Ernst,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-15", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux And Extractable Organic Carbon Fractions Under Simulated Precipitation Events In A Mediterranean Dehesa", "description": "Abstract The magnitude of CO2 efflux pulses after rewetting a dry soil is highly variable and the factors regulating these pulses are poorly understood. In this field experiment, we aimed to study the C dynamics after simulated summer rainstorms in a Mediterranean open holm oak woodland (dehesa). We hypothesized that because the herbaceous cover is mostly dead during the summer in this ecosystem, the short-term CO2 efflux (SR) after rewetting could mainly be explained by different measurable soil C fractions: i) K2SO4-extracted soil C (EOC); ii) microbial biomass C (MBC); or iii) chloroform-fumigated extracted C (CFE). On both grazed and abandoned dehesa sites, we simulated three summer rain events at two-week intervals and we measured SR discontinuously in three plots under tree canopy and in another three plots in open grassland. In each plot, C fractions and water content were estimated before (2\u00a0h) and after (36\u00a0h) each irrigation event. Following rewettings, SR increased up to ten times compared with non-irrigated plots. The CFE actually increased after rewetting in the first two irrigations but not in the third event, suggesting that the capacity of the soil to release labile organic C from soil aggregates or litter was reduced after each irrigation event. Overall, the C released as CO2 in the first 24\u00a0h was related to the CFE existing before rewetting, which may help to explain the spatial variability in SR. However, the explained variability decreased after each irrigation, suggesting a change to a less labile composition of the CFE fraction as a consequence of multiple drying-rewetting cycles.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Litter Contribution To Diurnal And Annual Soil Respiration In A Tropical Montane Cloud Forest", "description": "Respiration of CO2 from soils (Rs) is a major component of the carbon cycle of ecosystems, but understanding is still poor of both the relative contributions of different respiratory sources to Rs, and the environmental factors that drive diurnal variations in Rs. We measured total and litter-free Rs at half-hourly intervals over full 24 h periods, and thereafter twice a month for 10 months in a tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Peru. Total Rs declined by about 61% during the night as a result of variations in respiration rate in the litter, which were partly correlated with the soil surface air temperature. Most of the diurnal variation of Rs in this TMCF appears to be driven by respiration in the litter layer, which contributed 37% to the total soil CO2 efflux. Total Rs rates at this particular site would have been overestimated by 60% if derived from daytime measurements that had not been corrected for diurnal variations in Rs.", "keywords": ["Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Diurnal variations", "Tropics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Keywords: Carbon cycles", "Relative contributions", "Litter respiration", "Respiration rates", "Soil surfaces", "13. Climate action", "Environmental factors", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tropical montane cloud forest", "S Diurnal soil respiration variation", "Litter layers", "Soil CO", "Sodium compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/5/f5625xPUB8309.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79958/7/01_ZIMMERMANN_Litter_contribution_to_diurnal_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-16", "title": "N2o And No Fluxes Between A Norway Spruce Forest Soil And Atmosphere As Affected By Prolonged Summer Drought", "description": "Global change scenarios predict an increasing frequency and duration of summer drought periods in Central Europe especially for higher elevation areas. Our current knowledge about the effects of soil drought on nitrogen trace gas fluxes from temperate forest soils is scarce. In this study, the effects of experimentally induced drought on soil N 2 O and NO emissions were investigated in a mature Norway spruce forest in the Fichtelgebirge (northeastern Bavaria, Germany) in two consecutive years. Drought was induced by roof constructions over a period of 46 days. The experiment was run in three replicates and three non-manipulated plots served as controls. Additionally to the N 2 O and NO flux measurements in weekly to monthly intervals, soil gas samples from six different soil depths were analysed in time series for N 2 O concentration as well as isotope abundances to investigate N 2 O dynamics within the soil. N 2 O fluxes from soil to the atmosphere at the experimental plots decreased gradually during the drought period from 0.2 to -0.0 \u03bcmol m -2 h -1 , respectively, and mean cumulative N 2 O emissions from the manipulated plots were reduced by 43% during experimental drought compared to the controls in 2007. N 2 O concentration as well as isotope abundance analysis along the soil profiles revealed that a major part of the soil acted as a net sink for N 2 O, even during drought. This N 2 O sink, together with diminished N 2 O production in the organic layers, resulted in successively decreased N 2 O fluxes during drought, and may even turn this forest soil into a net sink of atmospheric N 2 O as observed in the first year of the experiment. Enhanced N 2 O fluxes observed after rewetting up to 0.1 \u03bcmol m -2 h -1 were not able to compensate for the preceding drought effect. During the experiment in 2006, with soil matric potentials in 20 cm depth down to -630 hPa, cumulative NO emissions from the throughfall exclusion plots were reduced by 69% compared to the controls, whereas cumulative NO emissions from the experimental plots in 2007, with minimum soil matric potentials of -210 hPa, were 180% of those of the controls. Following wetting, the soil of the throughfall exclusion plots showed significantly larger NO fluxes compared to the controls (up to 9 \u03bcmol m -2 h -1 versus 2 \u03bcmol m -2 h -1 ). These fluxes were responsible for 44% of the total emission of NO throughout the whole course of the experiment. NO emissions from this forest soil usually exceeded N 2 O emissions by one order of magnitude or more except during wintertime.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-10", "title": "The Response Of Organic Matter Mineralisation To Nutrient And Substrate Additions In Sub-Arctic Soils", "description": "Abstract Global warming in the Arctic may alter decomposition rates in Arctic soils and therefore nutrient availability. In addition, changes in the length of the growing season may increase plant productivity and the\u00a0rate of labile C input below ground. We carried out an experiment in which inorganic nutrients (NH 4 NO 3 and NaPO 4 ) and organic substrates (glucose and glycine) were added to soils sampled from across the mountain birch forest-tundra heath ecotone in northern Sweden (organic and mineral soils from the forest, and organic soil only from the heath). Carbon dioxide production was then monitored continuously over the following 19 days. Neither inorganic N nor P additions substantially affected soil respiration rates when added separately. However, combined N and P additions stimulated microbial activity, with the response being greatest in the birch forest mineral soil (57% increase in CO 2 production compared with 26% in the heath soil and 8% in the birch forest organic soil). Therefore, mineralisation rates in these soils may\u00a0be stimulated if the overall nutrient availability to microbes increases in response to global change, but N deposition alone is unlikely to enhance decomposition. Adding either, or both, glucose and glycine increased microbial respiration. Isotopic separation indicated that the mineralisation of native soil organic matter (SOM) was stimulated by glucose addition in the heath soil and the forest mineral soil, but not in the forest organic soil. These positive \u2018priming\u2019 effects were lost following N addition in forest mineral soil, and following both N and P additions in the heath soil. In order to meet enhanced microbial nutrient demand, increased inputs of labile C from plants could stimulate the mineralisation of SOM, with the soil C stocks in the tundra-heath potentially most vulnerable.", "keywords": ["570", "550", "Nitrogen", "Atmospheric carbon dioxide Environmental aspects", "Glycine", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Climatic changes Environmental aspects", "630", "Arctic", "Glucose", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global environmental change", "Climatic changes Arctic regions", "Mountain birch", "Tundra-heath", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-21", "title": "Partitioning Soil Respiration And Assessing The Carbon Balance In A Setaria Italica (L.) Beauv. Cropland On The Loess Plateau, Northern China", "description": "Abstract A study was conducted in a Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. cropland on the Loess Plateau in order to partition total soil respiration (Rt) into microbial respiration (Rm) and root respiration (Rr) and to determine the carbon balance of the cropland ecosystem. A trenching method with micro-pore mesh was used to create root-free soil cores. Differences between mesh and non-mesh treatments were used to determine root respiration. Similar pattern was found in the diurnal variation of Rt and Rm with the minimum values at 3:00\u20136:00\u00a0h and the maximum at 13:00\u201315:00\u00a0h. The diurnal pattern of Rr was completely different, the minimum values appeared at 11:00\u201313:00\u00a0h and the maximum at 0:00\u20133:00\u00a0h. Soil temperature exerted predominant control over the diurnal variations of Rt and Rm. The daily mean values of Rt, Rm and Rr were close to the measurements taken at 9:00\u00a0h. On the seasonal scale, Rm was strongly dependent on soil temperature, with higher correlation with 2-cm-depth temperature (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.79, P\u00a0 Total annual loss of C due to Rm in 2007 was estimated to be 121.3\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122 at the study site, while the annual NPP (net primary production) was 262.1\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122. The cropland system thus showed net carbon input of 140.8\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-21", "title": "Effects Of Grazing And Experimental Warming On Doc Concentrations In The Soil Solution On The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "description": "Little information is available about the effects of global warming and land management on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution in the field. Here, for the first time, we used a free-air temperature enhancement (FATE) system in a controlled warming-grazing experiment in 2006 and 2007 to test the hypothesis that grazing modifies the response of soil solution DOC concentration to experimental warming. Warming with no-grazing (WNG) significantly increased the average soil solution DOC concentration to 40 cm soil depth by 14.1 and 17.2% compared with no-warming with no-grazing (NWNG) in 2006 and 2007 respectively based on 1.3-1.4 degrees C soil temperature increase. However, the lack of significant differences among warming with grazing (WG), no-warming with grazing (NWG) and NWNG indicate that moderate grazing modified the effect of warming on DOC concentration in the soil solution. The effect of grazing on DOC concentration in the soil solution varied with sampling date and soil depth. Generally, the direct contribution of soil temperature and soil moisture to variation of DOC concentration in the soil solution was small. Positive correlations were observed between soil solution DOC concentration in the surface soil and standing death quality and belowground biomass. The Lignin:N ratio in the standing death and belowground biomass at 10 cm soil depth explained 60% of the variation of mean DOC concentration at 10 cm soil depth. Soil moisture and belowground biomass explained 79% of the variation of the mean soil solution DOC concentration to 40 cm soil depth in 2007. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-14", "title": "Decomposition Of N-15-Labelled Maize Leaves In Soil Affected By Endogeic Geophagous Aporrectodea Caliginosa", "description": "Abstract A microcosm experiment was carried out for 56 days at 12\u00a0\u00b0C to evaluate the feeding effects of the endogeic geophagous earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa on the microbial use of 15 N-labelled maize leaves ( Zea mays ) added as 5\u00a0mm particles equivalent to 1\u00a0mg\u00a0C and 57\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0g \u22121 soil. The dry weight of A. caliginosa biomass decreased in the no-maize treatment by 10% during the incubation and increased in the maize leaf treatments by 18%. Roughly 5% and 10% of the added maize leaf-C and leaf-N, respectively, were incorporated into the biomass of A. caliginosa . About 29% and 33% of the added maize leaf-C were mineralised to CO 2 in the no-earthworm and earthworm treatments, respectively. The presence of A. caliginosa significantly increased soil-derived CO 2 production by 90\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g \u22121 soil in the no-maize and maize leaf treatments, but increased the maize-derived CO 2 production only by 40\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g \u22121 soil. About 10.5% of maize leaf-C and leaf-N was incorporated into the soil microbial biomass in the absence of earthworms, but only 6% of the maize leaf-C and 3% of the maize leaf-N in the presence of earthworms. A.\u00a0caliginosa preferentially fed on N rich, maize leaf-colonizing microorganisms to meet its N demand. This led to a significantly increased C/N ratio of the unconsumed microbial biomass in soil. The ergosterol-to-microbial biomass C ratio was not significantly decreased by the presence of earthworms. A.\u00a0caliginosa did not directly contribute to comminution of plant residues, as indicated by the absence of any effects on the contents of the different particulate organic matter fractions, but mainly to grazing of residue-colonizing microorganisms, increasing their turnover considerably.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ENVIRONMENT&offset=1900&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ENVIRONMENT&offset=1900&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ENVIRONMENT&offset=1850", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ENVIRONMENT&offset=1950", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6706, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:16:58.771642Z"}