{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-26", "title": "Simulating water lateral inflow and its contribution to spatial variations of rainfed wheat yields", "description": "Spatial variations of crop yields are commonly observed in typical rainfed systems worldwide. It is accepted that such variations are likely to be associated, among other factors, with water spatial variations due to lateral water flows occurring in fields with undulating topography. However, some of the main processes governing water spatial distribution such as lateral flow are not entirely considered by the most commonly adopted crop simulation models. This brings uncertainty to the process of yield simulation at field-scale, especially under water-limited conditions. Although it is expected that lateral water movement determines spatial variations of crop yields, it is still unclear what is the net contribution of lateral water inflows (LIF) to spatial variations of rainfed yields in fields of undulating topography. In this sense, by combining field experimentation, simulation models (HYDRUS-1D and AquaCrop), and the use of artificial neural networks, we assessed the occurrence and magnitude of LIF, and their impact on wheat yields in Cordoba, Spain, over a 30-year period. Seasonal precipitation varied over 30 years from 212.8 to 759.5 mm, and cumulative LIF ranged from 30 to 125 mm. The ratio of seasonal cumulative LIF divided by seasonal precipitation varied from 10.7% to 38.9% over the 30 years. The net contribution of LIF to spatial variations of rainfed potential yields showed to be relevant but highly irregular among years. Despite the inter-annual variability, typical of Mediterranean conditions, the occurrence of LIF caused simulated wheat yields to vary + 16% from up to downslope areas of the field. The net yield responses to LIF, in downslope areas were on average 383 kg grain yield (GY) ha\u22121, and the LIF marginal water productivity reached 24.6 ( \u00b1 13.2) kg GY ha\u22121 mm\u22121 in years of maximum responsiveness. Decision makers are encouraged to take water spatial variations into account when adjusting management to different potential yielding zones within the same field. However, this process is expected to benefit from further advances in in-season weather forecasting that should be coupled with a methodological approach such as the one presented here. This research received funding from the European Commission under project SHui - Grant agreement ID 773903 and also from the Spanish Government under Grant PID2019-105793RB-I00. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9286-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Differential Retention Of Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Grassland Soil Profiles With Long-Term Manure Application", "description": "Liquid hog manure (LHM) is a valuable source of nutrients for farm production. Long-term experimental plots that had received LHM applications of 0, 50, and 100 m3 ha\u22121 annually for 20 years were analyzed for total soil C, N and P storage. Applications increased total soil N and P by 1,200 kg N ha\u22121 and 850 kg P ha\u22121 at 100 m\u22123 LHM year\u22121, compared to the control treatment. However, C storage did not increase with LHM rates and was lower in the 50 m3 ha\u22121 LHM treatment (86 Mg C ha\u22121) than in the 0 or 100 m3 ha\u22121 treatments (100 Mg C ha\u22121). In addition to the limited quantities and high decomposability of the C supplied by LHM, it is hypothesized that LHM stimulated the mineralization of both native soil C and fresh root-derived material. This priming effect was particularly apparent in deeper soil horizons where the decomposability of native C may be limited by the supply of fresh C. This study indicates that while LHM can be a significant source of crop nutrients, it has limited capacity for maintaining or increasing soil C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Denis C\u00f4t\u00e9, Denis A. Angers, P. Rochette, J. D. MacDonald, Martin H. Chantigny,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9286-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9286-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9286-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9286-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9301-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-25", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Fractions After 16-Years Of Applications Of Fertilizers And Organic Manure In A Typic Rhodalfs In Semi-Arid Tropics", "description": "Agricultural soils can act as a potential sink of the increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere if managed properly by application of organic manures and balanced fertilizers. However, the rate of carbon (C) sequestration in soils is low in warm climates and thus the short term changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) contents are almost negligible. Therefore, the knowledge about other C fractions that are more sensitive or responsive and indicative of the early changes in SOC can help to determine the effect of the management practices on soil C sequestration. The objective of this study was to determine the soil C sequestration after 16-years of applications of chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) to rice (Oryza sativa)\u2014cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) rotation system in a sandy loam soil (Typic Rhodalfs). The treatments were\u2014(1) one control (no fertilizer or FYM); (2) three chemical fertilizer treatments [100 kg N ha\u22121 (N), 100 kg N ha\u22121 + 50 kg P2O5 ha\u22121 (NP), 100 kg N ha\u22121 + 50 kg P2O5 ha\u22121 + 50 kg K2O ha\u22121 (NPK)]; (3) one integrated treatment [(50 kg N ha\u22121 + 25 kg P2O5 ha\u22121 + 25 K2O ha\u22121) + (50 kg N ha\u22121 from FYM)]; and (4) one organic treatment at10 Mg ha\u22121 FYM. Compared to the control treatment, the increase in SOC was 36, 33, and 19% greater in organic, integrated, and NPK treatments. The 16-years application of fertilizers and/or FYM resulted in much greater changes in water soluble C (WSC), microbial biomass C (MBC), light fraction of C (LFC), and particulate organic matter (POM) than SOC. Of the SOC, the proportion of POM was highest (24\u201335%), which was followed by LFC (12\u201314%), MBC (4.6\u20136.6%), and WSC (0.6\u20130.8%). The application of fertilizers and/or FYM increased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates; thus provided physical protection to SOC from decomposition. Our results suggests that the application of fertilizers and/or FYM helps to sequester C in the soil and that the labile fractions of C can be used as indicators to determine the amount of C sequestered as a result of different management practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9301-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9301-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9301-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9301-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9326-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-02", "title": "Soil Carbon, Soil Nitrate, And Soil Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide During Cultivation Of Energy Crops", "description": "Carbon (C) sequestration and soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) affect the carbon dioxide (CO2) advantage of energy crops. A long-term study has been performed to evaluate the environmental effects of energy crop cultivation on the loamy sand soil of the drier northeast region of Germany. The experimental field, established in 1994, consisted of columns (0.25\u00a0ha each) cultivated with short rotation coppice (SRC: Salix and Populus) and columns cultivated with annual crops. The columns were subdivided into four blocks, with each receiving different fertilization treatments. The soil C content was measured annually from 1994 until 1997, and then in 2006. Soil N2O levels were measured several times per week from 1999 to 2007. Water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil nitrate measurements have been performed weekly since 2003. Increased C stocks were found in SRC columns, and C loss was observed in blocks with annual crops. The soil from fertilized blocks had higher levels of C than the soil from non-fertilized blocks. SRC cropping systems on dry, loamy sand soils are advantageous relative to annual cropping systems because of higher C sequestration, lower fertilized-induced N2O emissions, and reduced background N2O emissions in these soils. SRC cropping systems on dry, loamy sand soils have a CO2 advantage (approximately 4\u00a0Mg CO2 ha\u22121 year\u22121) relative to annual cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9326-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9326-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9326-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9326-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-10", "title": "Response Of Bulk Chemical Composition, Lignin And Carbohydrate Signature To Grassland Conversion In A Ley-Arable Cropping System", "description": "Grassland conversion is a common practice in ley-arable cropping systems. The effects of such a disturbance on soil organic matter status and its consequences for biogeochemical cycles in terms of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated changes occurring in soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, bulk chemical composition and in lignin as well as carbohydrate signature during 2 years after grassland conversion into arable land. Our results showed a rapid SOM decrease in the first few months after the conversion. The bulk chemical composition as seen by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was similar under grassland and arable land, whereas different landuse had an impact on the contribution of plant litter compounds to SOM. SOM of arable soil had higher lignin contents and lower contents of non-cellulosic neutral carbohydrates than grassland soil. After grassland conversion, the most prominent change was an increase of the SOM\u2019s content of non-cellulosic carbohydrate above the contents recorded for grassland or arable land. Principal component analysis indicated that SOM chemical characteristics of converted grassland even after 2 years are similar to those of initial grassland. We conclude that the chemical composition of SOM is less susceptible to rapid change and that re-installation of grassland within some years will safeguard the initial SOM status in ley-arable rotations.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "GRASSLAND", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "RETOURNEMENT DE PRAIRIE", "15. Life on land", "GRASSLAND CONVERSION", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "ORGANIC CARBON", "BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE", "CHEMISTRY", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rumpel, Corn\u00e9lia, Chabbi, Abad,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9331-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-02", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Carbon And Nitrogen Stabilization In Relation To Residue And Manure Application In Rice\u2013Wheat Systems In Northwest India", "description": "Soil organic matter (SOM), besides influencing carbon (C) transfer between soils and atmosphere, impacts soil functional ability and its response to environmental and anthropogenic influences. We studied the impact of continuous application of rice straw and farmyard manure (FYM) either alone or in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers on aggregate stability and distribution of C and nitrogen (N) in different aggregate fractions after 7\u00a0years of rice\u2013wheat cropping on a sandy loam soil. Macroaggregates (>0.25\u00a0mm) constituted 32.5\u201354.5% of total water stable aggregates (WSA) and were linearly related (R                         2\u00a0=\u00a00.69) to soil organic carbon content. The addition of rice straw and FYM significantly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) improved the formation of macroaggregates with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of microaggregates at all the three sampling depths (0\u20135, 5\u201310 and 10\u201315\u00a0cm). Macroaggregates had higher C and N density as compared to microaggregates. Application of rice straw and FYM improved C and N density in different aggregate sizes and the improvement was greatest in plots that received both rice straw and FYM each year. Application of FYM along with inorganic fertilizer resulted in a net C sequestration of 0.44\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in the plough layer after 7\u00a0years of rice\u2013wheat cropping. Carbon sequestration was greater (1.53\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) when both rice straw and FYM along with inorganic fertilizers were applied annually. It is concluded that addition of rice straw and FYM in rice\u2013wheat system improves soil aggregation and enhances C and N sequestration in macroaggregates. This will help in sustainable rice\u2013wheat productivity in the region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9331-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9331-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9331-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9331-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9426-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-19", "title": "Mineralizable Soil Nitrogen And Labile Soil Organic Matter In Diverse Long-Term Cropping Systems", "description": "Sustainable soil fertility management depends on long-term integrated strategies that build and maintain soil organic matter and mineralizable soil N levels. These strategies increase the portion of crop N needs met by soil N and reduce dependence on external N inputs required for crop production. To better understand the impact of management on soil N dynamics, we conducted field and laboratory research on five diverse management systems at a long-term study in Maryland, the USDA- Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Farming Systems Project (FSP). The FSP is comprised of a conventional no-till corn (Zea mays L.)\u2013soybean (Glycine max L.)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/double-crop soybean rotation (NT), a conventional chisel-till corn\u2013soybean\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (CT), a 2\u00a0year organic corn\u2013soybean rotation (Org2), a 3\u00a0year organic corn\u2013soybean\u2013wheat rotation (Org3), and a 6\u00a0year organic corn\u2013soybean\u2013wheat\u2013alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (3\u00a0years) rotation (Org6). We found that total potentially mineralizable N in organic systems (average 315\u00a0kg\u00a0N ha\u22121) was significantly greater than the conventional systems (average 235\u00a0kg\u00a0N ha\u22121). Particulate organic matter (POM)\u2013C and \u2013N also tended to be greater in organic than conventional cropping systems. Average corn yield and N uptake from unamended (minus N) field microplots were 40 and 48%, respectively, greater in organic than conventional grain cropping systems. Among the three organic systems, all measures of N availability tended to increase with increasing frequency of manure application and crop rotation length (Org2\u00a0<\u00a0Org3\u00a0\u2264\u00a0Org6) while most measures were similar between NT and CT. Our results demonstrate that organic soil fertility management increases soil N availability by increasing labile soil organic matter. Relatively high levels of mineralizable soil N must be considered when developing soil fertility management plans for organic systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9426-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9426-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9426-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9426-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9445-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-04", "description": "Soil nitrogen transformation has been the subject of growing attention in many semi-arid grassland ecosystems. In our study, we employed an intact soil core in situ incubation technique and measured seasonal changes in soil net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates. The measurements were taken from the upper 0\u201310 cm soil layer of a permanent grassland during a growing season in a 8.5-year field experiment on the Loess Plateau, China that had four grazing intensities (0, 2.7, 5.3 and 8.7 sheep ha\u22121). Our results demonstrate marked seasonal variations in inorganic nitrogen pools, net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification. The rates of mineralization and nitrification were highest in August and lowest in September. No consistent differences in monthly net nitrogen mineralization and monthly nitrification rates were observed among the different grazing intensities. Sheep grazing stimulated nitrogen transformation, and the most stimulation occurred at a heavy grazing intensity of 8.7 sheep ha\u22121. The mean soil net nitrification rate was positively correlated with the soil C/N ratio and pH. The mean N mineralization rate was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, but was positively correlated with the soil C/N ratio. Our study demonstrated net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates were strongly linked to grazing intensity, soil temperature and moisture content.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tianzeng Liu, Fujiang Hou, Zhibiao Nan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9445-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9445-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9445-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9445-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-010-9373-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-19", "title": "Soil Phosphorus Distribution In Sequentially Extracted Fractions In Tropical Coffee-Agroecosystems In The Atlantic Forest Biome, Southeastern Brazil", "description": "Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most important constraints to food production, particularly in tropical Oxisols. This study aimed to characterize the inorganic and organic P (Pi and Po) fractions in the soil in three smallholding coffee cultivation fields managed under either agroforestry (AGF) or full sun (FSC) agroecosystems. The work was carried out in areas situated at the municipalities of Divino and Araponga in the Zona da Mata in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Soil P forms including H2O\u2013Pi; NaHCO3\u2013Pi,Po; NaOH\u2013Pi,Po; diluted HCl\u2013Pi; concentrate HCl\u2013Pi,Po and Residual-P were sequentially extracted in samples from 0 to 5 and 5 to 10-cm soil layers. Together, H2O\u2013Pi and NaHCO3\u2013Pi accounted on average for only 4% of soil total P in the cultivated soils. HClconc.-Pi ranged from 142.8 to 372.4\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 being the predominant Pi fraction. AGF systems promoted an increment of 8% in the NaHCO3\u2013Po fraction in relation to the FSC systems in the upper soil layer. The AGF systems increased HClconc.-Po pool in relation to the FSC systems in Divino and Araponga(I) soils, indicating that agroforestry is an important management strategy to increase bioavailable P and for the maintenance of organic P pool. The distribution of inorganic and organic P pools varied among the different study sites, showing that P cycling depends on the inherent characteristic of each agroecosystem. The availability of P to plants in coffee-agroforestry fields is directly associated with the cycling of the organic P pool.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Everson Freitas Almeida, Irene Maria Cardoso, Eduardo de S\u00e1 Mendon\u00e7a, Francisco Alisson da Silva Xavier,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9373-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-010-9373-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-010-9373-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-010-9373-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-010-9379-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-12", "title": "Elevated Co2 Effects On Nutrient Competition Between A C-3 Crop (Oryza Sativa L.) And A C-4 Weed (Echinochloa Crusgalli L.)", "description": "Rice (a C3 crop) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) (a C4 weed) were grown in a 1:1 mixture in a paddy field in ambient condition and with supplemented free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE, CO2 concentration\u00a0+\u00a0200 \u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121), in order to evaluate the impact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on nutrient competition between rice crop and weed. Results showed that elevated CO2 significantly enhanced the biomass, tillers, leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of rice, but reduced those of barnyard grass after elongation. Tissue nitrogen (N) concentrations were decreased in both competitors, but their phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration were increased. The increase in tissue P concentration of rice was greater than that in barnyard grass. Furthermore, the absolute uptake of C, N, P, K by rice were increased while those of barnyard grass decreased. As a result, significant increase of the ratios of rice/barnyard grass of biomass and absolute nutrient uptake were observed under elevated CO2. The results suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration could alter the competition between rice and barnyard grass in paddy fields in favor of rice. The ability of rice to compete more successfully for nitrogen and phosphorous under elevated CO2 is likely an important factor underlying this response. More generally, the results suggest that elevated CO2 may have varying implications on nutrient dynamics between different elements of overall plant biomass and the soil nutrients pool.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gaiping Chen, Biao Liu, Jianguo Zhu, Ben Gilna, Hongliang Ma, Jing Pang, Qing Zeng, Chunwu Zhu, Yali Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9379-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-010-9379-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-010-9379-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-010-9379-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9424-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-15", "title": "Long-Term Tillage, Straw Management And N Fertilization Effects On Quantity And Quality Of Organic C And N In A Black Chernozem Soil", "description": "Soil, crop and fertilizer management practices may affect the amount and quality of organic C and N in soil. A long-term field experiment (growing barley, wheat, or canola) was conducted on a Black Chernozem (Albic Argicryoll) loam at Ellerslie, Alberta, Canada, to determine the influence of 19 (1980 to 1998) or 27\u00a0years (1980 to 2006) of tillage (zero tillage [ZT] and conventional tillage [CT]), straw management (straw removed [SRem]and straw retained [SRet]) and N fertilizer rate (0, 50 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 in SRet and 0\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 in SRem plots) on total organic C (TOC) and N (TON), and light fraction organic C (LFOC) and N (LFON) in the 0\u20137.5 and 7.5\u201315\u00a0cm or 0\u20135, 5\u201310 and 10\u201315\u00a0cm soil layers. The mass of TOC and TON in soil was usually higher in SRet than in SRem treatment (by 3.44\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for TOC and 0.248\u00a0Mg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for TON after 27\u00a0years), but there was little effect of tillage and N fertilization on these parameters. The mass of LFOC and LFON in soil tended to increase with SRet (by 285\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for LFOC and 12.6\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for LFON with annual rate of 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for 27\u00a0years), increased with N fertilizer application (by 517\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for LFOC and 36.0\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for LFON after 27\u00a0years), but was usually higher under CT than ZT (by 451\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for LFOC and 25.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for LFON after 27\u00a0years). Correlations between soil organic C or N fractions were highly significant in most cases. Linear regressions between crop residue C input and soil organic C or N were significant in most cases. The effects of tillage, straw management and N fertilizer on soil were more pronounced for LFOC and LFON than TOC and TON, and also in the surface layers than in the deeper layers. Tillage and straw management had little or no effect on C:N ratios, but the C:N ratios in light organic fractions significantly decreased with increasing N rate (from 20.06 at zero-N to 18.91 at 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121). Compared to the 1979 results, in treatments that did not receive N fertilizer (CTSRem0, CTSRet0, ZTSRem0 and ZTSRet0), CTSRem0 resulted in a net decrease in TOC concentration (by 1.9\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121) in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer in 2007 (after 27\u00a0years), with little or no change in the CTSRet0 and ZTSRem0 treatments, while there was a net increase in TOC concentration (by 1.2\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121) in the ZTSRet0 treatment. Straw retention and N fertilizer application at 50 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 rates showed a net positive effect on TOC concentration under both ZT (ZTSRet50 by 2.3\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121 and ZTSRet100 by 3.1\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121) and CT (CTSRet50 by 3.5\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121 and CTSRet100 by 1.6\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121) treatments in 2007 compared to 1979 data. In conclusion, the findings suggest that retention of straw, application of N fertilizer and elimination of tillage would improve soil quality, and this might increase the potential for N supplying power of the soil and sustainability of crop productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sukhdev S. Malhi, M. Nyborg, D. Puurveen, T. Goddard,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9424-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9424-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9424-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9424-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9441-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-20", "title": "Effects Of A Catch Crop And Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization On Nitrogen Leaching In Greenhouse Vegetable Production Systems", "description": "Greenhouse vegetable cultivation has greatly increased productivity but has also led to a rapid accumulation of nitrate in soils and probably in plants. Significant losses of nitrate\u2013nitrogen (NO3-N) could occur after heavy N fertilization under open-field conditions combined with high precipitation in the summer. It is urgently needed to improve N management under the wide spread greenhouse vegetable production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a summer catch crop and reduced N application rates on N leaching and vegetable crop yields. During a 2-year period, sweet corn as an N catch crop was planted between vegetable crops in the summer season under 5\u00a0N fertilizer treatments (0, 348, 522, 696, and 870\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) in greenhouse vegetable production systems in Tai Lake region, southern China. A water collection system was installed at a depth of 0.5\u00a0m in the soil to collect leachates during the vegetable growing season. The sweet corn as a catch crop reduced the total N concentration from 94 to 59\u00a0mg\u00a0l\u22121 in leached water and reduced the average soil nitrate N from 306 to 195\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 in the top 0.1-m soil during the fallow period of local farmers\u2019 N application rate (870\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121). Reducing the amount of N fertilizer and using catch crop during summer fallow season reduced total N leaching loss by 50 and 73%, respectively, without any negative effect on vegetable yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9441-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9441-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9441-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9441-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9447-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-01", "title": "Leaching Losses Of Nitrate Nitrogen And Dissolved Organic Nitrogen From A Yearly Two Crops System, Wheat-Maize, Under Monsoon Situations", "description": "A large amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied to the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP) contributes largely to N leaching to the groundwater. A series of field experiments were carried out during October 2004 and September 2007 in a lysimeter field to reveal the temporal changes of N leaching losses below 2-m depth from this land system as well as the effects of N fertilizer application rates on N leaching. Four N rates (0, 180, 260, and 360 kg N ha(-1) as urea) were applied in the study area. Seasonal leachate volumes were 87 and 72 mm in the first and second maize season, respectively, and 13 and 4 mm during the winter wheat and maize season in the third rotational year, respectively. The average seasonal flow-weighted NO(3)-N concentrations in leachate for the four N fertilizer application rates ranged from 8.1 to 103.7 mg N l(-1), and seasonal flow-weighted dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations in leachate varied from 0.8 to 6.0 mg N l(-1). Total amounts of NO(3)-N leaching lost throughout the 3 years were in the range of 14.6 to 177.8 kg ha(-1) for the four N application rates, corresponding to N leaching losses in the range of 4.0-7.6% of the fertilizers applied. DON losses throughout the 3 years were 1.4, 2.1, 3.6, and 6.3 kg N ha(-1) for the four corresponding fertilization rates. The application rate of 180 kg N ha(-1) was recommended based on the balance between reducing N leaching and maintaining crop yields. The results indicated that there is a potential risk of N leaching during the winter wheat season, and over-fertilization of chemical N can result in substantial N leaching losses by high-intensity rainfalls in summer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "winter-wheat", "north china plain", "nitrate nitrogen", "in-field lysimeters", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic nitrogen", "rotation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "corn", "leaching losses", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "management strategies", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "double-cropping system", "agricultural soils", "accumulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9447-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9447-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9447-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9447-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-08", "title": "Tillage, Mulch And Fertiliser Impacts On Soil Nitrogen Availability And Maize Production In Semi-Arid Zimbabwe", "description": "Conservation agriculture has been promoted widely in sub-Saharan African to cushion smallholder farmers against the adverse effects of soil fertility decline, stabilize crop yields and increase resilience to climate change and variability. Our study aimed to determine if aspects of CA, namely tillage and mulching with manure and fertiliser application, improved soil mineral N release, plant N uptake and maize yields in cropping systems on poor soils in semi-arid Matobo, Zimbabwe. The experiment, run for three seasons (2012/13\u20132014/15), was a split-split plot design with three replicates. Tillage (animal-drawn ploughing and ripping) was the main plot treatment and residue application was the sub plot treatment with two levels (100% residues removed or retained after harvest). Five fertility amendments (mineral fertiliser at 0, 20 and 40 kg N ha-1, 5 t ha-1 manure only and 5 t ha-1 manure + 20 kg N ha-1) were sub-sub plot treatments. Plough tillage stimulated N mineralisation by 4\u201319 kg N ha-1 and maize N uptake 13\u201323% more than the ripper tillage. When mulch was added to the plough tillage, mineralisation was slowed resulting in less crop N uptake (by 5\u201319%) compared with no mulch application. N uptake was highest in the manure treatments. N recovery and agronomic N efficiency by maize were highly variable over the three seasons, reflecting the uncertainty complicating farmers\u2019 decision making. Nitrogen recovery in the manure treatments was generally poor in the first season resulting in low grain yields in the range 100\u2013260 kg ha-1 regardless of tillage, though higher in subsequent seasons. In the second season manure application gave the largest grain yields under the ripper tillage, both with and without mulch averaging 1850 and 2228 kg ha-1 respectively. Under the plough tillage, the 40 kg N ha-1 treatment gave the highest grain yields of 1985 kg ha-1. In the third season yields were generally poor under all treatments due to low and poorly-distributed rainfall. The CA principles of minimum soil disturbance and maintenance of a permanent mulch cover resulted in reduced soil mineral N availability for crop uptake and poor maize yields. Nutrient inputs through mineral fertilisers and manure are key to ensuring production in such infertile, sandy soils which predominate in semi-arid regions of southern Africa.", "keywords": ["Zimbabwe", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Crop residue retention", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Apparent N recovery", "African Agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizer Applications", "Agronomic efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9462-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-10", "title": "Effect Of Timing And Duration Of Midseason Aeration On Ch4 And N2o Emissions From Irrigated Lowland Rice Paddies In China", "description": "Midseason aeration (MSA) of rice paddy fields functions to mitigate CH4 emission by a large margin, while simultaneously promoting N2O emission. Alternation of timing and duration of MSA would affect CH4 and N2O emissions from intermittently irrigated rice paddies. A pot trial and a field experiment were conducted to study the effect of timing and duration of MSA on CH4 and N2O emissions from irrigated lowland rice paddy soils in China. Four different water regimes, i.e., early aeration, normal aeration (the same as the local practice in timing and duration of aeration), delayed aeration, and prolonged aeration, were adopted separately and compared with respect to global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions and rice yields as well. Total emission of CH4 from the rice fields ranged from 28.6 to 64.1 kg CH4 ha\u22121, while that of N2O did from 1.71 to 6.30 kg N2O\u2013N ha\u22121 during the study periods. Compared with the local practice, early aeration reduced CH4 emission by 13.3\u201316.2% and increased N2O emission by 19.1\u201368.8%, while delayed aeration reduced N2O emission by 6.8\u201326.0% and increased CH4 emission by 22.1\u201347.3%. The lowest GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions occurred in prolonged aeration treatment, however, rice grain yield was reduced by 15.3% in this condition when compared with normal practice. It was found in the experiments that midseason aeration starting around D 30 after rice transplanting, just like the local practice, would optimize rice yields while simultaneously limiting GWPs of CH4 and N2O emissions from irrigated lowland rice fields in China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kazuyuki Yagi, Hua Xu, Xianglan Li, Xianglan Li, Wenping Yuan, Zucong Cai,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9462-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9462-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9462-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9462-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9475-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-24", "title": "Soil Carbon Pools Under Poplar-Based Agroforestry, Rice-Wheat, And Maize-Wheat Cropping Systems In Semi-Arid India", "description": "Labile fractions of soil organic C are considered important indicators of soil quality as these can respond rapidly to land-use changes and agricultural management. We studied the impact of three different land-use systems viz. poplar-based agroforestry involving wheat-legume rotation, rice-wheat and maize-wheat agroecosystems, on dynamics of total organic C (TOC), oxidisable soil organic C (SOC), very labile, labile, less labile, and recalcitrant C fractions, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), hot water soluble C (HWC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and mineralizable C in the semi-arid subtropical India. The maize-wheat and agroforestry systems had 65\u201388% higher SOC stocks than the rice-wheat system and were characterized by predominantly labile C. About 56\u201360% of the total organic C in maize-wheat and agroforestry systems occurred as labile and very labile C compared to 37% under rice-wheat rotation. Contrarily, the majority of organic C (63%) in rice-wheat soils was stabilized in less labile and recalcitrant forms. The HWC and MBC were also higher in maize-wheat and agroforestry systems as opposed to the rice-wheat system. In the discriminant function analysis, a composite of indicators involving TOC, recalcitrant C and total N correctly distinguished the soils under the three systems. The results suggested that in agroforestry and maize-wheat systems the organic C in soils was less stable and thus could be lost following the land-use change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9475-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9475-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9475-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9475-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9503-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-05", "title": "Methane Emissions From A Rice Agroecosystem In South China: Effects Of Water Regime, Straw Incorporation And Nitrogen Fertilizer", "description": "To quantitatively assess the effects of agricultural practices on methane (CH4) emissions from rice fields, a two-year (2005/2006) field experiment with 23 factorial designs was conducted to assess the effects of three driving factors on CH4 emissions in South China: continuously flooded (W0) and mid-season and final drainages (W2), straw (S1) and nitrogen fertilizer (N1) applications and their controls (S0, N0). Results showed that averaged across all the treatments about 75\u00a0% of the seasonal total CH4 occurred between the rice transplanting and booting stage, while constituted only 33\u00a0% of the seasonal total rice biomass during the same period. Averaged across the treatments in 2006, CH4 emissions were substantially decreased by mid-season drainage up to 60\u00a0% (15.6 vs. 39.0\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122). The decreased CH4 emissions represented almost all of the decrease in the total global warming potentials. Without straw incorporation CH4 emissions substantially decreased up to 59\u00a0% (15.9 vs. 38.7\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122). The stimulating effects of straw were significantly greater for W0 than W2 treatment, being also greater in the 2005 than in the 2006 season. A significant inter-annual difference in CH4 emissions was found when averaged across straw incorporation and N fertilizer applications for the W2 treatment (42.8 and 15.4\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 in 2005 and 2006, respectively). Moreover, N fertilization has no significant effect on CH4 emissions in this study. Our results demonstrate that although straw effects varied greatly with specific management, both straw managements and water regimes are equally important driving factors and thus being the most promising measures attenuating CH4 emissions while achieving sustainable rice production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9503-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9503-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9503-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9503-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "description": "Although a significant fraction of the global soil\u2013atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) occurs in semi-arid zones little is known about the magnitude of fluxes in grazed steppe ecosystems and the interference with grazing intensity. In order to assess GHG burdens and to identify options of climate-optimized livestock farming, GHG emissions of sheep grazing in Inner Mongolia steppe were analyzed. Carbon sequestration and field-fluxes of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured at a range of steppe sites differing in grazing intensity and management, i.e. ungrazed (UG), ungrazed with hay cutting (HC), lightly grazed (LG), moderately grazed (MG), and heavily grazed (HG). In addition, GHG emissions from enteric fermentation, manure management, and farming inputs (i.e. fossil fuels) were quantified for LG, MG, and HG. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate uncertainty. Sheep grazing changed the net GHG balance of the steppe from a significant sink at UG (\u22121476 \u00b1 2481 kg CO2eq ha\u22121 year\u22121) to a significant source at MG (2350 \u00b1 1723 kg CO2eq ha\u22121 year\u22121) and HG (3115 \u00b1 2327 kg CO2eq ha\u22121 year\u22121). In a similar way, the GHG intensity increased from 8.6 \u00b1 79.2 kg CO2eq kg\u22121 liveweight gain at LG up to 62.2 \u00b1 45.8 and 62.6 \u00b1 46.7 kg CO2eq kg\u22121 liveweight gain at MG and HG, respectively. GHG balances were predominantly determined by CO2 from changes in topsoil organic carbon. In grazing systems, CH4 from enteric fermentation was the second most important component. The results suggest that sheep grazing under the current management changes this steppe ecosystem from a sink to a source of GHGs and that grazing exclusion holds large potential to restore soil organic carbon stocks and thus to sequester atmospheric CO2. The balance between grazing intensity and grazing exclusion predominantly determines GHG balances of grass-based sheep farming in this region. Therefore, a high proportion of ungrazed land is most important for reducing GHG balances of sheep farms. This can be either achieved by high grazing intensity on the remaining grazed land or by confined hay feeding of sheep.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9521-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126597", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-05", "title": "Effects of herbaceous covers and mineral fertilizers on the nutrient stocks and fluxes in a Mediterranean olive grove", "description": "The preservation of nutrient capital, soil fertility, and carbon (C) sequestration capacity in Mediterranean olive groves requires evaluation of agricultural practices beyond short-term productivity. We aim to contribute with a mechanistic understanding on the effects that the preservation of herbaceous cover and the use of chemical fertilizers have on the performance of olive trees and on the biogeochemical cycles of the agroecosystem. We compared nutrient fluxes and aboveground leafy stocks in an olive grove that had been organically managed for more than 60 years, in a treatment in which the annual spontaneous herbaceous cover was maintained (H), and after two years of shift to conventional management treatments in which the growth of herbaceous vegetation was avoided by the use of herbicides (NH), and where exclusion of the herbaceous cover is also combined with the supply of mineral fertilizers (NHF). Maintenance of herbaceous vegetation in H contributed to the retention of a high aboveground capital of C and nutrients, particularly nitrogen, (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) that were about 2.9, 3.9 and 7.4 times greater than in NH, respectively. The permanence of herbaceous cover stimulated olive tree leaf litter decomposition rates by about 86 % and increased nutrient release. However, the H treatment led to a 37 % decrease in olive yield and lowered olive foliar N and P content as negative short-term effects. The addition of fertilizers (N, P, K, and Mg) in mineral and solid form in NHF resulted inefficient to improve olive tree nutritional status and olive production, and decelerated olive tree litter decomposition rates by 21 % and nutrient release. The nutrient retention in organic forms in the fast-growing species of herbaceous covers and the progressive nutrient release as litter decomposes may contribute to regulate and better adapt nutrient availability to the nutrient requirements of olive trees.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agroecosistemas", "Cubierta vegetal", "Agroecosystem", "Litter decomposition", "Sustainable agriculture", "Microclimate amelioration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultura sostenible", "Nutritional status", "Weed cover", "13. Climate action", "Olive production", "Abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Olea europaea", "Hojarasca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126597"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126597", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126597", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126597"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-011-9469-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-02", "title": "Effects Of 15 Years Of Manure And Inorganic Fertilizers On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions In A Wheat-Maize System In The North China Plain", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions are strong determinants of chemical, physical, and biological properties, and soil quality. Thus, a 15-year experiment was established to assess how diverse soil fertility management treatments for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system affect SOC and total N (TN) concentrations in the North China Plain. The field experiment included three treatments: (1) unfertilized control (CK); (2) inorganic fertilizers (INF); and (3) farmyard manure (FYM). Concentrations of SOC, TN, and different labile SOC fractions were evaluated to 1-m depth. In comparison with INF and CK, FYM significantly increased SOC and TN concentrations in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth, and also those of dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), hot-water extractable C (HWC), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4\u2013C), and particulate organic C (POC) in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Despite the higher crop yields over CK, application of INF neither increased the SOC nor the labile C fractions, suggesting that by itself INF is not a significant factor affecting SOC sequestration. Yet, POC (18.0\u201345.8% of SOC) and HWC (2.0\u20132.8%) were the most sensitive fractions affected by applications of FYM. Significantly positive correlations were observed between SOC and labile organic C fractions in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth. The data support the conclusion that, wherever feasible and practical, application of FYM is important to soil C sequestration and improving soil quality under a wheat/maize system in the North China Plain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9469-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-011-9469-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-011-9469-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-011-9469-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9492-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-15", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics As Influenced By Tillage And Crop Residue Management In Loamy Sand And Sandy Loam Soils Under Smallholder Farmers\u2019 Conditions In Malawi", "description": "Conservation agriculture (CA) characterised by minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil surface cover by dead or living plants and crop rotations is one way of achieving higher soil organic carbon (C) in agricultural fields. Sandy loam and loamy soil samples from zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) plots were taken from farmers\u2019 fields during the dry season in August 2006. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON), microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MB-N), C mineralization and SOC distribution in particle size fractions in 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer were evaluated. Forty eight farmers\u2019 fields were randomly sampled at four different locations in Central and Northern Malawi, representing ZT plots maintained for a different number of years, and ten fields under CT with similar soil type and crop grown were selected. SOC and SON in ZT fields were 44 and 41\u00a0% (4\u00a0years ZT) and 75 and 77\u00a0% (5\u00a0years ZT) higher, respectively, than CT plots. MB-C and MB-N in ZT fields were 16 and 44\u00a0% (4\u00a0years ZT) and 20 and 38\u00a0% (5\u00a0years ZT) higher, respectively, than CT plots. However, MB-C and MB-N in ZT fields were 27 and 25\u00a0% (2\u00a0years ZT) and 17 and 9\u00a0% (3\u00a0years ZT) lower than in CT plots. The proportion of the total organic C as microbial biomass C was relatively higher under CT than ZT treatments. The higher SOC and MB-C content in the ZT fields resulted in 10, 62, 57\u00a0% higher C mineralization rate in ZT plots of 3, 4 and 5\u00a0years of loamy sand soils and 35\u00a0% higher C mineralization rate in ZT plot of 2\u00a0years than CT of sandy loam soils in undisturbed soils in the laboratory. Simulating plough from the undisturbed soils that were used for C mineralization experiment resulted in linear curves indicating that all organic C was already depleted during the first incubation period. The relative distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) in silt and clay size fractions was strongly correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.907 and P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01) with silt percentages. Easily degradable carbon pool (CA,f) was correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.867 and P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) with organic carbon in sand size fraction. In developing viable conservation agriculture practices to optimize SOC content and long-term sustainability of maize production systems, priority should be given to the maintenance of C inputs, crop rotations and associations and also to reduced soil disturbance by tillage.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9492-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9492-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9492-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9492-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Fate Of The Nitrogen From Fertilizers In Field-Grown Maize", "description": "Fil: Rimski korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Organic Fractions", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Nitrate Leaching", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tagged Nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9523-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Influences Of Free-Air Co2 Enrichment (Face), Nitrogen Fertilizer And Crop Residue Incorporation On Ch4 Emissions From Irrigated Rice Fields", "description": "To investigate the response of methane (CH4) emissions to an elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (200 +/- A 40 mu mol mol(-1) higher than the ambient atmosphere), we performed a 4-year multi-factorial experiment at a subtropical rice paddy that contained sandy loam soil in the Yangtze River Delta from 2004 to 2007 using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology. Our results revealed that the elevated atmospheric CO2 increased the seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions by 15 % on average during the 4-year period. The increase was insignificant and much weaker than the previous studies, which might be primarily attributed to the absence of a significant difference in the rice biomass between the two CO2 levels in half of the field treatments. Crop residue incorporation hindered the stimulatory effects induced by the elevated CO2, which were 37, 14 and 6 % for the fields that were incorporated with none, half or all of the wheat straws that were harvested in the preceding winter wheat season, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizers application also hindered the stimulatory effects of the elevated CO2 on the CH4 emissions. The CO2 stimulatory effect was 39 % for the field without nitrogen fertilizers, and reduced to 17, 7 and 5 % for the field with nitrogen fertilization of 125, 250 and 350 kg N ha(-1), respectively. The regulation of nitrogen fertilizers on the CO2 effects in this experiment does not well agree with the previous studies, which might because the soil type was different from those of the previous studies. Thus, further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of soil properties in regulating the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on CH4 emissions from managed and natural wetlands. There were no significant interactions between the atmospheric CO2 and the incorporations of nitrogen fertilizer and crop residue. Appropriate experiments are necessary for better understanding of the interact influences of the elevated CO2 and farm managements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9523-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9523-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9523-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9523-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9535-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-26", "title": "Greenhouse Tomato-Cucumber Yield And Soil N Leaching As Affected By Reducing N Rate And Adding Manure: A Case Study In The Yellow River Irrigation Region China", "description": "The effect of reducing N rate fertilization and manure addition on greenhouse vegetable yields and soil N leaching was studied in a greenhouse tomato\u2013cucumber rotation system in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Ningxia Plain, North China. The treatments were: 1-no fertilizers, 2-conventional fertilization, 3-reduced fertilizer application, and 4-reduced fertilizer application + regulation of soil C/N ratio applied by the high C/N ratio of dairy manure. The results indicated that reduced fertilizer application in tomato and cucumber season had no significant influence on vegetable yield comparing with control. The amounts of leachate had no significant differences under all fertilizer treatments at the same investigated period. In comparison with conventional fertilization, both total N and NO3\u2013N leaching decreased in the low fertilizer treatments. The cumulative total N and NO3\u2013N leached from fertilizers N were less than 9\u00a0% during the tomato\u2013cucumber rotation system. NO3\u2013N was the predominant form of leaching N, represented about 70\u00a0% of total N in the leachate. Soluble organic N represented 14.7\u201333.3\u00a0% of total N leached. Vegetable yields did not increase significantly as applied N rates increased. However, soil N leaching increased largely with N rates. Reducing fertilizer N rate while adding dairy manure regulated soil C/N ratio could be appropriate fertilization practices for reducing soil N leaching and achieving high vegetable yields in the greenhouse systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xue-Jun Zhang, Ying Zhao, Jiang-Hang Luo, Chen Xiaoqun, Wei-Li Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9535-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9535-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9535-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9535-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9529-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-08", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Matter Indices Following 32\u00a0Years Of Different Wheat Production Management Practices In Semi-Arid South Africa", "description": "Soil organic matter (SOM) degradation is common in semi-arid regions due to frequent and intensive cultivation, removal of crop residues after harvesting and warmer environmental conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term wheat production management practices on organic matter content of a Plinthosol in semi-arid South Africa. The treatments included two methods of straw management (unburned and burned), three methods of tillage (no-tillage, stubble mulch and ploughing) and two methods of weeding (chemical and mechanical). Soil samples were collected in 2010 at various depths and analysed for soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN) and soil total sulfur (STS) as organic matter indices. Treatments where straw was not burned had greater STN and STS, but lower SOC levels than those where straw was burned. No-tillage had higher SOC levels than the stubble mulch and ploughing treatments only in the 0\u201350\u00a0mm soil layer. Below 100\u00a0mm soil depth, higher SOC levels were recorded in the ploughed plots. No-tillage and stubble mulch enhanced STN throughout the soil profile compared to ploughing. Ploughing and stubble mulch treatments had greater STS levels than no-tillage treatments in the upper 250\u00a0mm soil layer, and STS in the 0\u2013450\u00a0mm soil layer was higher in mechanically weeded plots than in chemically weeded plots. Treatment combinations also showed some significant interactions on these indices, but lack of consistency made it difficult to single out the combination that was superior to others. However, to maintain or improve SOM of this Plinthosol priority should be given to no-tillage and stubble mulch management practices. Wheat grain yields over the 32\u00a0years trial period were significantly influenced by straw management and tillage methods, but not by weeding methods.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "E. Kotz\u00e9, P. F. Loke, C. C. du Preez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9529-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9529-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9529-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9529-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9540-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-31", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Application Of Organic Amendment On C Storage In Relation To Global Warming Potential And Biological Activities In Tropical Flooded Soil Planted To Rice", "description": "The impact of long term organic amendments on the functional microbial activities, soil carbon (C) storage in relation to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from rice field was investigated in a tropical Aeric Endoaquept. The treatments included unamended control, farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM) (Sesbania aculeata), FYM\u00a0+\u00a0GM and rice straw (RS)\u00a0+\u00a0GM combination. Our results suggest that the FYM\u00a0+\u00a0GM treatment has increased the global warming potential (GWP) by 110\u00a0% as well decreased the C efficiency ratio by 24\u00a0% in comparison to control. On the other hand, under RS\u00a0+\u00a0GM treatment the soil organic C and total C contents were significantly higher to the tune of 34 and 53\u00a0%, respectively. Our studies clearly reveal that the application of RS\u00a0+\u00a0GM at 1:1 [Nitrogen (N) basis] could probably be the best soil amendment to sequester the soil organic C. Such amendments may not only have practical application value but also lead to higher yield capacity and minimize emission of GHG under flooded tropical rice soil systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9540-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9540-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9540-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9540-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-013-9556-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-29", "title": "Influence Of Urea Fertiliser Formulation, Urease Inhibitor And Season On Ammonia Loss From Ryegrass", "description": "This paper reports the results of experiments to determine whether ammonia (NH3) loss can be reduced and nitrogen (N) use efficiency improved by using two relatively new commercial urea formulations rather than granular urea and urea ammonium nitrate. Four nitrogen treatments were applied at a rate of 40\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121: granular urea, \u2018Green Urea\u2122 14\u2019 [containing 45.8\u00a0% N as urea and \u2018Agrotain\u00ae\u2019 (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) @ 5\u00a0L\u00a0t\u22121 of urea as a urease inhibitor], \u2018Nhance\u2019, a fine particle spray [containing 46\u00a0% N as urea, \u2018Agrotain\u2019 @ 1\u00a0L\u00a0t\u22121 of urea and gibberellic acid (applied at a rate of 10\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121)] and urea ammonium nitrate in solution (UAN) surface applied. Ammonia loss was determined in autumn and spring using a micrometeorological method. In autumn, use of the Green Urea and Nhance reduced NH3 loss from the 30\u00a0% of applied N lost from the granular urea to 9 and 23\u00a0% respectively. Loss from all treatments in spring was very small (<2\u00a0% of applied N), because 4\u00a0mm of rain fell within 24\u00a0h of application onto an already wet site. The use of the Nhance and Green Urea instead of granular urea did not result in increased agronomic efficiency or recovery efficiency of the applied N, and this is most likely due to the presence of sufficient available N from both fertiliser application and the soil. A 15N study recovered 72.8\u00a0% of the applied N in the plants and soil, and showed that 30\u00a0% of the total N taken up by the plant was derived from the fertiliser, and 70\u00a0% from the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9556-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-013-9556-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-013-9556-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-013-9556-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-013-9580-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-12", "title": "Separating Nitrogen Fertilizer And Irrigation Water Application In An Alternating Furrow Irrigation System For Maize Production", "description": "The efficient use of water and nitrogen represents a primary concern to agricultural production in Northwest China. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to assess the separation of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation water with alternating furrow irrigation (SNWAFI) in a maize (Zea mays L.) production system. Irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency with SNWAFI were generally greater than with conventional irrigation and fertilization (CIF). Response surfaces indicated that maximum maize yields were obtained with 238\u00a0kg urea-N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 106\u00a0mm irrigation water in 2008 and 244\u00a0kg urea-N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 95\u00a0mm of irrigation water in 2009. When the predicted yields were highest (6,384 and 6,549\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121), water use efficiency, N uptake, and N use efficiency were greater with SNWAFI than CIF. Conversely, soil NO3\u2013N change during maize growing season decreased with SNWAFI compared CIF. With SNWAFI, optimizing irrigation water and N fertilizer rates can maximize yield, save irrigation water, and reduce N leaching.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Curtis J. Dell, Kun Han, John P. Schmidt, Na Li, Linquan Wang, Chunju Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9580-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-013-9580-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-013-9580-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-013-9580-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2023.126743", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-16", "title": "Impact of microbial consortia on organic maize in a temperate climate varies with environment but not with fertilization", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126743"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2023.126743", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2023.126743", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126743"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9664-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-08", "title": "Conservation Tillage And Optimized Fertilization Reduce Winter Runoff Losses Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus From Farmland In The Chaohu Lake Region, China", "description": "In order to test the efficacy of conservation tillage and optimized fertilization on reducing N and P runoff losses, a 4-year (2007\u20132011) runoff plot experiment was conducted in the Chaohu Lake region, East China. There were four treatments including: (1) conventional tillage (CT, basal fertilization without mulch), (2) conventional tillage with straw mulching (CTS), (3) optimized fertilization (OPF, split applications) and (4) no-tillage with straw mulching plus optimized fertilization (NTS\u00a0+\u00a0OPF). Results showed that CTS and NTS\u00a0+\u00a0OPF exhibited significant reduction of seasonal runoff and soil losses compared with CT (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). OPF decreased runoff by 6\u201310 and soil loss by 9\u201327\u00a0% in the various years, but differences were not always statistically significant. Interestingly, winter wheat and rapeseed yields were on average higher in the conservation tillage and optimized fertilization treatment than in the CT treatment. Compared with CT, CTS reduced N losses by 14\u201325\u00a0%, OPF by 12\u201321\u00a0% and NTS\u00a0+\u00a0OPF 20\u201328\u00a0%. Similarly, CTS reduced P losses by 20\u201332\u00a0%, OPF by 11\u201321\u00a0% and NTS\u00a0+\u00a0OPF by 23\u201330\u00a0%. NTS\u00a0+\u00a0OPF was the most effective treatment for reducing nutrient losses. The reduction of runoff volume was mainly responsible for the decreased nutrient losses. Our findings indicates that conservation tillage and optimized fertilization may reduce N and P losses via runoff while maintaining or enhancing crop yields during the winter-crop growing seasons in the Chaohu Lake region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guoan L\u00fc, Shuwen Ding, Jing Wang, Daozhong Wang, Xisheng Guo, Yunqing Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9664-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9664-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9664-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9664-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-013-9570-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-09", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks Under Chronosequence Of Farm And Traditional Agroforestry Land Uses In Gambo District, Southern Ethiopia", "description": "Conversion of forests to farm lands with- out trees and farm lands with scattered trees (tradi- tional agroforestry systems) may lead to decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) and N stocks provided that they have similar original status. This study was conducted on soils with the age chronosequences of 12, 20, 30, 40, 50 years of farm (F), traditional agroforestry (AF) and the adjacent natural forest (NF) lands. We studied the changes in the concentration and stocks of SOC, total N and their distribution in the soil profile of an Andic Paleustalfs in Gambo District, Southern Ethi- opia. Soil samples were collected at 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 cm depth interval from pits of 1 m depth in all land use types and they were analyzed for their SOC and N stock. The results showed that the greater proportion of SOC and N was concentrated in 0-20 cm depth and that their concentration in AF and F land uses was significantly lower than that under the NF. Soils in traditional agroforestry land use showed a trend of higher SOC stocks in all chronosequences than those under the corresponding farm lands. The SOC stock under the chronosequence of 12-50 years of AF and F land uses varied from 28.2 to 98.9 Mg ha -1 or 12 to 43 % of the stock under the NF. The SOC was less by 6.2 Mg ha -1 year -1 for AF12 and 0.9 Mg ha -1 year -1 for AF50 compared with NF. The corresponding values for farm lands were 6.6 and 1.3 Mg ha -1 year -1 . The N values of all land uses were also less than that of the NF. The SOC and N stocks tended to be less in farm lands than in the traditional agroforestry. However, the SOC stocks were not significantly higher with AF compared with F suggesting that the parkland systems as practiced is not sufficient to overcome other effects of cultivation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Ambachew Demessie, Bal Ram Singh,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9570-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-013-9570-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-013-9570-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-013-9570-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-013-9585-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-26", "title": "Impacts Of Conservation Agriculture On Soil Aggregation And Aggregate-Associated N Under An Irrigated Agroecosystem Of The Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "We evaluated impacts of conservation agriculture (zero tillage, bed planting and residue retention) on changes in total soil N (TSN) and aggregate-associated N storage in a sandy loam soil of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops were grown during the first 3\u00a0years (2008\u20132011) and in the last year, maize (Zea mays) and wheat were cultivated. Results indicate that after 4\u00a0years the plots under zero tillage with bed planting (ZT-B) and zero tillage with flat planting (ZT-F) had 15\u00a0% higher TSN concentrations than conventional tillage and bed planting plots (CT-B) (0.63\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer. CT-B plots had lower soil bulk density that ZT plots in that layer. Plots under ZT-B (0.57\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) contained 20\u00a0% higher TSN stock in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer than CT-B plots (0.48\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). However, tillage had no impact on TSN concentration or stock in the sub-surface (5\u201315 and 15\u201330\u00a0cm) soil layers. Thus, in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer, ZT-B plots contained 6 and 5\u00a0% higher (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) TSN stock compared with CT-B (2.15\u00a0Mg\u00a0N ha\u22121) and CT-F (2.19\u00a0Mg\u00a0N ha\u22121) plots respectively after 4\u00a0years. Plots that received cotton/maize\u00a0+\u00a0wheat residue (C/M\u00a0+\u00a0W RES) contained 16\u00a0% higher TSN concentration than plots with residues removed (N RES; 0.62\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) in the surface (0\u20135\u00a0cm) layer. Plots with only cotton/maize residue (C/M RES) or only wheat residue (W RES) retention/incorporation had similar TSN concentrations and stocks in the subsurface layer. Plots under ZT-B also had more macroaggregates (0.25\u20138\u00a0mm) and greater mean weight diameter with lower silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay sized particles than CT-B plots in that layer. A greater proportion of large macroaggregates (2\u20138\u00a0mm) in the plots under C/M\u00a0+\u00a0W RES compared with N RES were observed. In the 5\u201315\u00a0cm soil layer ZT-B and C/M\u00a0+\u00a0W RES treated plots had more macroaggregates and greater mean weight diameter than CT-B and N RES treated plots, respectively. Because of the greater amount of large aggregates, plots under ZT-B and C/M\u00a0+\u00a0W RES had 49 and 35\u00a0% higher large macroaggregate-associated N stocks than CT-B (38\u00a0kg TSN ha\u22121) and N RES (40\u00a0kg TSN ha\u22121) plots, respectively, in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer, although aggregates had similar TSN concentrations in all plots. Both tillage and residue retention had greater effects on aggregate-associated N stocks in the 5\u201315\u00a0cm layers. In addition to N content within large macroaggregates, small macroaggregate-associated N contents were also positively affected by ZT-B and C/M\u00a0+\u00a0W RES. Tillage and residue retention interaction effects were not significant for all parameters. Thus, the adoption of ZT in permanent beds with crop residue addition is a better management option for improvement of soil N (and thus possibly a reduced dose of fertilizer N can be adopted in the long run), as the management practice has the potential to improve soil aggregation with greater accumulation of TSN within macroaggregates, and this trend would likely have additive effects with advancing years of the same management practices in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9585-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-013-9585-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-013-9585-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-013-9585-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-013-9592-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-21", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Intensity And Net Annual Global Warming Potential Of Cotton Cropping Systems In An Extremely Arid Region", "description": "A long-term fertilizer experiment investigating cotton-based cropping systems established in 1990 in central Asia was used to quantify the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from April 2012 to April 2013 to better understand greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net global warming potential (GWP) in extremely arid croplands. The study involved five treatments: no fertilizer application as a control (CK), balanced fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NPK plus straw (NPKS), fertilizer NPK plus organic manure (NPKM), and high rates of fertilizer NPK and organic manure (NPKM+). The net ecosystem carbon balance was estimated by the changes in topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) organic carbon (SOC) density over the 22-year period 1990\u20132012. Manure and fertilizer combination treatments (NPKM and NPKM+) significantly increased CO2 and slightly increased N2O emissions during and outside the cotton growing seasons. Neither NPK nor NPKS treatment increased SOC in spite of relatively low CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes. Treatments involving manure application showed the lowest net annual GWP and GHG intensity (GHGI). However, overuse of manure and fertilizers (NPKM+) did not significantly increase cotton yield (5.3 t ha\u22121) but the net annual GWP (\u22124,535\u00a0kg CO2_eqv. ha\u22121) and GHGI (\u22120.86\u00a0kg CO2_eqv. kg\u22121 grain yield of cotton) were significantly lower than in NPKM. NPKS and NPK slightly increased the net annual GWP compared with the control plots. Our study shows that a suitable rate of fertilizer NPK plus manure may be the optimum choice to increase soil carbon sequestration, maintain crop yields, and restrict net annual GWP and GHGI to relatively low levels in extremely arid regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9592-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-013-9592-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-013-9592-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-013-9592-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9627-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-25", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Irrigated Lowland Rice Paddies After Wheat Straw Application And Midseason Aeration", "description": "Straw application and midseason drainage play role in controlling methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rice paddy fields, but little information is available on their integrative effect on CH4 and N2O emissions. A two-year field experiment was conducted to study the combined effect of timing and duration of midseason aeration and wheat straw incorporation on mitigation of global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions from irrigated lowland rice paddy fields. Results showed that incorporation of wheat straw increased CH4 by a factor of 5-9 under various water regimes, but simultaneously decreased N2O emission by 19-42 % during the rice growing season. Without straw incorporation, prolonged aeration significantly reduced the net 100-year GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions by 6 %, but also decreased rice production when compared with normal aeration. With straw incorporation, the lowest GWP was found by early aeration, which reduced GWP by 7 and 20 % in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Estimation of net GWPs of CH4 and N2O emissions indicated that early midsea- son drainage with straw incorporation offered the potential to mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions from irrigated lowland rice paddies in China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9627-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9627-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9627-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9627-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-25", "title": "Nitrate Leaching From Organic And Conventional Arable Crop Farms In The Seine Basin (France)", "description": "In the Seine Basin, characterised by intensive arable crops, most of the surface and groundwater is contaminated by nitrate (NO3-). The goal of this study is to investigate nitrogen leaching on commercial arable crop farms in five organic and three conventional systems. In 2012-2013, a total of 37 fields are studied on eight arable crop rotations, for three different soil and climate conditions. Our results show a gradient of soil solution concentrations in function of crops, lower for alfalfa (mean 2.8 mg NO3-N l(-1)) and higher for crops fertilised after legumes (15 mg NO3-N l(-1)). Catch crops decrease nitrate soil solution concentrations, below 10 mg NO3-N l(-1). For a full rotation, the estimated mean concentrations is lower for organic farming, 12 +/- 5 mg NO3-N l(-1) than for conventional farming 24 +/- 11 mg NO3-N l(-1), with however a large range of variability. Overall, organic farming shows lower leaching rates (14-50 kg NO3-N ha(-1)) than conventional farms (32-77 kg NO3-N ha(-1)). Taking into account the slightly lower productivity of organic systems, we show that yield-scaled leaching values are also lower for organic (0.2 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)) than for conventional systems (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)). Overall, we show that organic farming systems have lower impact than conventional farming on N leaching, although there is still room for progress in both systems in commercial farms.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Nitrate leaching", "Farmer-centred approach", "Arable crops", "13. Climate action", "Ceramic cups", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Benoit, Marie, Garnier, Josette, Anglade, Juliette, Billen, Gilles,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-013-9591-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-07", "title": "Contribution Of Relay Intercropping With Legume Cover Crops On Nitrogen Dynamics In Organic Grain Systems", "description": "Nitrogen (N) management is a key issue in livestock-free organic grain systems. Relay intercropping with a legume cover crop can be a useful technique for improving N availability when two cash crops are grown successively. We evaluated the benefits of four relay intercropped legumes (Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) on N dynamics and their contribution to the associated and subsequent cash crops in six fields of organic farms located in South-East France. None of the relay intercropped legumes affected the N uptake of the associated winter wheat but all significantly increased the N uptake of the succeeding spring crop, either maize or spring wheat. The improvement of the N nutrition of the subsequent maize crop induced a 30 % increase in grain yield. All relay intercropped legumes enriched the soil-plant system in N through symbiotic fixation. From 71 to 96 % of the N contained in the shoots of the legumes in late autumn was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) and varied between 38 and 67 kg Ndfa ha(-1). Even if the cover crop is expected to limit N leaching during wintertime, the presence of relay intercropped legumes had no significant effect on N leaching during winter compared to the control.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "winter-wheat", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "corn following wheat", "Legume cover crop", "Organic farming", "N uptake", "agricultural system", "natural-abundance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrate", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Relay intercropping", "n-2 fixation", "undersown crop", "catch crop", "Leaching", "isotopic fractionation", "rhizobial strain", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "living mulche"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9591-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-013-9591-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-013-9591-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-013-9591-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-10", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon Stock After Cropland Conversion To Grassland In Russian Temperate Zone: Measurements Versus Model Simulation", "description": "The collapse of Soviet Union in early 1990s led to abandonment of large area of arable land which is assumed to act as a carbon (C) sink. We studied the ability of two dynamic soil C models (Yasso07 and RothC) to predict changes in soil C content after cropland abandonment. The performance of the models was compared using the results of a long-term experiment in Pushchino, Moscow region (5450 0 N, 3735 0 E) in Russia. The experiment was divided in four combinations of fertilizer or mowing treatments on former cropland soil. The soil C content was determined in the year of establishment (1980) and thereafter in 1999 and 2004. The soil C stocks increased by about 1.5- to 1.8-fold during the study period. Both models predicted the overall change in soil C relatively well (modelling efficiency of Yasso07 and RothC were 0.60 and 0.73, respectively). Accord- ing to the models, the soil gained on average 140-150 g C m -2 year -1 during the first 5 years after conversion of cropland to grassland. The C seques- tration rate decreased to 40-50 g C m -2 year -1 after 20 years of land use change. The sequestration rates estimated in this study are comparable to the rates observed in other studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "hiili", "carbon", "land use", "Yasso07", "maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RothC", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "kasvinviljely", "maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutos", "soil organic carbon", "land-use change", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Kasvintuotanto", "maaper\u00e4n hiili", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9636-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-11", "title": "Nitrous Oxide (N2o) Emissions In Response To Increasing Fertilizer Addition In Maize (Zea Mays L.) Agriculture In Western Kenya", "description": "National and regional efforts are underway to increase fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa, where attaining food security is a perennial challenge and mean fertilizer use in many countries is <10\u00a0% of nationally recommended rates. Increases in nitrogen (N) inputs will likely cause increased emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). We established experimental plots with different rates of N applied to maize (Zea mays) in a field with a history of nutrient additions in western Kenya and measured N2O fluxes. Fertilizer was applied by hand at 0, 50, 75, 100, and 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 in a split application on March 22 and April 20, 2010. Gas sampling was conducted daily during the week following applications, and was otherwise collected weekly or biweekly until June 29, 2010. Cumulative fluxes were highest from the 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 treatment, with emissions of 810\u00a0g N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121; fluxes from other treatments ranged from 620 to 710\u00a0g\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, but with no significant differences among treatments. Emissions of N2O during the 99-day measurement period represented <0.1\u00a0% of added fertilizer N for all treatments. Though limited to a single year, these results provide further evidence that African agricultural systems may have N2O emission factors substantially lower than the global mean.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9636-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9636-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9636-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9636-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-21", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice And Maize Production In Diversified Rice Cropping Systems", "description": "Traditional irrigated double-rice cropping systems have to cope with reduced water availability due to changes of climate and economic conditions. To quantify the shift in CH4 and N2O emissions when changing from traditional to diversified double cropping-systems, an experiment including flooded rice, non-flooded \u201caerobic\u201d rice and maize was conducted during the dry season (February\u2013June 2012) in the Philippines. Two automated static chamber\u2013GC systems were used to continuously measure CH4 and N2O emissions in the three cropping systems of which each included three different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Turning away from flooded cropping systems leads to shifts in greenhouse gas emissions from CH4 under wet soil to N2O emissions under drier soil conditions. The global warming potential (GWP) of the non-flooded crops was lower compared to flooded rice, whereas high CH4 emissions under flooded conditions still override enhanced N2O emissions in the upland systems. The yield-scaled GWP favored maize over aerobic rice, due to lower yields of aerobic rice. However, the lower GHG emissions of upland systems are only beneficial if they are not overwhelmed by enhanced losses of soil organic carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Earth sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9658-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-015-9707-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-11", "title": "Inorganic Nitrogen Losses From Irrigated Maize Fields With Narrow Buffer Strips", "description": "Vegetated buffer strips (BS) can help prevent nitrogen (N) losses from fields by subsurface lateral flow, thus protecting water resources. The purpose of this study was to determine if narrow BS would effectively remove dissolved inorganic N from subsurface lateral flow. Nitrate\u2013N (NO3\u2013N) and ammonia\u2013N (NH3\u2013N) concentrations in subsurface lateral flow were measured at 1 m depth in a BS system consisting of five treatments: G: strip of grass (Fescue arundinacea); GS: strip of grass and line of native shrubs (Fuchsia magellanica); GST1: strip of grass, line of shrubs and line of native trees 1 (Luma chequen); GST2: strip of grass, line of shrubs and line of native trees 2 (Drimys winteri); and C: bare soil as control. Water samples for the NO3\u2013N and NH3\u2013N measurements were collected between June 2012 and August 2014 in observation wells located at the inlet (input) and outlet (output) of each treatment. The analyses showed that vegetated BS had NO3\u2013N removal efficiency ranging from 33 to 67 % (mean 52 %), with the G treatment showing the best performance in reducing NO3\u2013N concentrations in subsurface lateral flow. The BS treatments were not effective in reducing NH3\u2013N concentrations. The results suggested that N uptake by grass is the main process associated with the NO3\u2013N retention capacity of vegetated BS.", "keywords": ["N uptake: nonpoint source pollution", "Water quality", "Fescue", "N mineralisation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Filter strip", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9707-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-015-9707-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-015-9707-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-015-9707-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-015-9713-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-25", "title": "N2o Emissions And Yield In Maize Field Fertilized With Polymer-Coated Urea Under Subsoiling Or Rotary Tillage", "description": "Fertilizer application and tillage practices play an important role in agricultural production, whereas excess N input could create considerable N2O emissions. However, it is unclear whether urea types under subsoiling or rotary tillage have effects on yield and N2O emissions in maize field. We investigated the effects on N2O emissions and maize (Zea mays L.) yield of tillage (rotary tillage [R] alone and rotary tillage following subsoiling [S]) and two types of urea (polymer-coated urea [P] and conventional urea [C]) applications, respectively, at the sowing [0] and V6 [6] stages in a clay loam soil. N2O emissions varied from 1 to 11\u00a0kg N2O-N\u00a0ha\u22121. Compared with S soil, the R soils produced greater N2O emissions. Compared with conventional urea, polymer-coated urea increased maize production and fertilizer-induced N2O emission, but had no significant effect on yield scaled N2O emission. The increase of N2O emission was mainly related to water-filled pore space affected by tillage and soil nitrate and ammonium N concentrations affected by urea types. Polymer-coated urea topdressing at the V6 stage in S soils was better for producing a higher yield with lower N2O emission. The results indicate that R soils had more significant N2O emission than S soils during a wet climate; and polymer-coated urea can increase grain yield with a slight higher N2O emissions, whereas changing the application stage can decrease the cumulative N2O emissions without reducing the yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tangyuan Ning, Tangyuan Ning, Shenzhong Tian, Zhengyong Cui, Rattan Lal, Na Li, Zengjia Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9713-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-015-9713-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-015-9713-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-015-9713-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-015-9733-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-26", "title": "Maize Yield Effects Of Conservation Agriculture Based Maize\u2013Legume Cropping Systems In Contrasting Agro-Ecologies Of Malawi And Mozambique", "description": "Sustainable intensification cropping systems involving improved maize and legume seeds and conservation agriculture (CA) are potential avenues towards improved productivity. This study evaluated CA based cropping systems effects on maize yields with respect to herbicide use, crop establishment techniques and legume rotations in four contrasting agro-ecologies of Malawi and Mozambique from 2010/11 to 2013/14. No significant (p\u00a0>\u00a00.05) yield differences, at 4100 versus 3900\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 were observed in Malawi when CA was implemented with and without herbicides respectively, suggesting herbicides were not a precondition for CA\u2019s success. CA basins depressed maize yields by 3\u00a0% in north-western Mozambique and also offered no advantages in Malawi\u2019s lowland districts (Ntcheu and Salima). In contrast, significant yield gains (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05) emerged from dry Balaka (<600\u00a0mm\u00a0year\u22121) with mean yields of 2400 from the CA basins compared to 1800\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 from farmer practices, an effect also confirmed by the yield stability analysis showing CA basins superiority in unfavourable rainfall environments. Thus CA basins performance was site dependent with no benefits on waterlogged soils or high rainfall conditions where direct seeded dibble stick or jab planting provided a better crop establishment option. Across all agro-ecologies, soyabeans, cowpea and groundnuts rotation systems, significantly increased maize yield, amounting to 20, 38 and 54\u00a0% respectively, except for the maize\u2013common bean rotations in north-western Mozambique, which failed to offer any yield advantages. Probabilities of achieving higher CA yield ranged from 58 to 71\u00a0%. The study suggests CA based cropping systems offer an opportunity for intensifying maize production in the region.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9733-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-015-9733-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-015-9733-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-015-9733-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-10", "title": "Long-Term Effect On Soil Biochemical Status Of A Vertisol Under Conservation Tillage System In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open AccessLong-term field experiments are expected to provide important information regarding soil properties affected by conservation management practices. Several studies have shown that soil enzyme activities are sensitive in discriminating among soil management effects. In this study we evaluated the long-term effect of direct drilling (DD) under a crop rotation system (cereals-sunflower-legumes), on the stratification of soil organic matter content and on biochemical properties in a dryland in southwest Spain. The results were compared to those obtained under conventional tillage (CT). Soil biochemical status was evaluated by measuring the enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, \u03b2-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase) during the flowering period of a pea crop. Soil samples were collected in May 2007 at three depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm). Total organic carbon (TOC) contents and values of soil enzyme activities were higher in soils subjected to DD than to CT, specifically at 0-5 cm depth. Although a slight decrease of TOC and enzymatic activities with increasing soil depth was observed, no significant differences were found among different depths of the same treatment. This could be related to the high clay content of the soil, a Vertisol. Enzyme activities values showed high correlation coefficients (from r = 0.799 to r = 0.870, p < 0.01) with TOC. Values of activity of the different enzymes were also correlated (p < 0.01). Values of stratification ratios did not show significant differences between tillage practices. The high clay content of the soil is responsible for this lack of differences because of the protection by clay mineral of TOC and soil enzymes activities. Long-term soil conservation management by direct drilling in a dryland farming system improved the quality of a clay soil, especially at the surface, by enhancing its organic matter content and its biological status.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Melero S\u00e1nchez, Sebastiana, Vanderlinden, Karl, Ruiz Porras, J. C., Madej\u00f3n, Engracia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-015-9685-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-20", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Cool-Season Pastures Under Managed Grazing", "description": "High stocking densities on grazed pastures may promote nitrous oxide (N2O) loss from soil to the atmosphere. However, studies of N2O fluxes in cool-season pastures of North America are lacking. We performed two experiments in which measured N2O fluxes were bootstrapped with re-sampling (n\u00a0=\u00a0100, with 10,000 iterations), which allowed us to generate an empirical distribution of mean fluxes to understand how pasture management strategies might affect N2O emissions. In Experiment 1, N2O fluxes were estimated in southern Wisconsin pastures under rotational grazing, continuous grazing, haymaking, and no agronomic production. Nitrous oxide fluxes were significantly positive under rotational grazing at our research farm [21.6 (se\u00a0=\u00a010.3) \u03bcg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121], but not significantly different than zero under the other three treatments or rotationally grazed paddocks across eight working farms. In Experiment 2, we measured N2O fluxes in eastern Nebraska before, during, and after two rotational grazing events under two N-input treatments\u2014inorganic N fertilizer and supplemented dried distillers grains\u2014and an unfertilized control. Nitrous oxide fluxes were positive (20\u2013100\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) in periods following rain, but otherwise not significantly different than zero. Post-grazing, N2O emissions were lower from the control than fertilized or supplemented treatments. These experiments show cool-season pastures can be a source of N2O to the atmosphere, but primarily following grazing events that coincide with significant precipitation. However, even though on-farm paddocks are in varying states of recovery from defoliation, farm scale emissions, although episodic, are likely to be positive in years with above average precipitation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9685-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-015-9685-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-015-9685-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-015-9685-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-015-9710-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-19", "title": "Crop yield and soil organic matter after long-term straw return to soil in China", "description": "Straw has been commonly incorporated to maintain soil fertility and crop productivity in China, but effects of long-term straw incorporation on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) have not been thoroughly evaluated. Thus, this study analyzed data collected in long-term (>10-year) trials across the major agricultural zones of China. Across the trials, relative to straw removal, straw return significantly increased crop yield, SOC and TN (by 7.0, 10.1 and 11.0\u00a0%, respectively). In some trials with winter wheat in northern China, straw return reduced yield by 0.6\u20137.1\u00a0%. The effects of straw return on SOC and TN were not significantly affected by experimental duration, land use type and cropping system, but positively and linearly related to the inputs of straw-C and -N, respectively. Interestingly, SOC and TN responses to straw return were decoupled in upland and upland-paddy soils in China, but not in paddy soils. Mean values of straw-C sequestration efficiency (7.7, 10.3 and 9.4\u00a0%, under corn, wheat and rice, respectively) indicate that 100\u00a0% straw return could increase SOC by 281.7 Tg C in 18\u00a0years (the mean experimental period of the considered studies) in China. Our analyses demonstrate that straw return is an effective practice for sustaining crop productivity and soil fertility in large parts of China, but site-specific factors should be considered.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9710-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-015-9710-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-015-9710-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-015-9710-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-015-9720-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-20", "title": "The Trend Of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, And Wheat And Maize Productivity Under Different Long-Term Fertilizations In The Upland Fluvo-Aquic Soil Of North China", "description": "Evaluating the effects of management practices on the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and grain yields would be valuable to explain field-level variability in crop production. A 33-year field experiment on the fluvo-aquic soil of North China with six treatments in a wheat (Triticum aestivium L.)\u2014maize (Zea mays L.) rotation was evaluated. The six treatments were: non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen (N), nitrogen\u2013phosphorus fertilization (NP), nitrogen\u2013phosphorus\u2013potassium fertilization (NPK), manure and nitrogen fertilization (NM), and straw returned with nitrogen fertilizers (NS). The results showed that the content of SOC and TN significantly increased in NM treatment. Application of inorganic fertilizers had small influence on SOC, but SOC and TN increased significantly in NM treatment over the long-term experiment. Compared to control, grain yield of wheat and maize increased two times under all treatments. The highest grain yield was detected in NM and NPK treatments. However, wheat yield was not significantly different (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) between control and N treatment. Grain yields were more than doubled under fertilization for both wheat and maize, with the highest yield under the NM and NPK treatments and the lowest under CK treatment for maize and N treatment for wheat. The NP fertilization had little effect on maize yield in long-term, suggesting that potassium was not the primary limiting nutrients in the study site. Statistical analysis indicated that maize yield was significantly correlated with SOC and TN, and wheat yield was significantly correlated with SOC only. However, the relationships were stronger with TN (r\u00a0=\u00a00.26\u20130.42) than SOC (r\u00a0=\u00a00.12\u20130.37), indicating the importance of maintaining TN in agricultural soils. There was a strong positive linear correlation between carbon sequestered and carbon input (r\u00a0=\u00a00.828, P\u00a0<\u00a00.01) in the study site, indicating that the conversion rate of carbon input to SOC was 8.5\u00a0%. SOC did not reach the saturation in fluvo-aquic soil and have the potential to sequester more carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shun-rong Ren, Jun Yang, Liu Hailong, Wei Gao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9720-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-015-9720-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-015-9720-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-015-9720-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-016-9776-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-07", "title": "Soil Nitrogen And Physical Properties And Maize Yields After Mixed Planted Fallows Of Tree And Herbaceous Legumes", "description": "An experiment was conducted at Msekera Research Station from 1998 to 2002 to determine effect of planted fallows of tree species mixed with herbaceous legumes and those of single species fallows on biomass production, soil properties and subsequent maize grain yields. After 2\u00a0years of fallow the highest total above ground biomass of 9.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 was recorded in sole Gliricidia. Pre-season soil total inorganic N in 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil depth under tree fallows was highest in Sesbania\u00a0+\u00a0Macrotyloma axillare mixture. Sesbania\u00a0+\u00a0M. axillare mixture had the highest cumulative water intake at fallow clearing. Among the 7 mixtures and 3 sole species treatments, Sesbania\u00a0+\u00a0M. axillare mixture produced the highest maize yield of 2.7 and 1.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in 2001 and 2002 season, respectively, after 2\u00a0years of fallow. The results of the study indicate the complementarity of herbaceous legumes and tree mixtures in improving soil quality. We conclude that mixed species have the potential to increase the amount and quantity of total N added to the soil and increase nutrient cycling. However, maize grain yields were not significantly improved as compared with single species due to low biomass production of the trees. The coiling nature and the added labour requirements for weed control would limit the use of these mixtures by smallholder farmers who are labour constrained. Agroforestry trees and non-twining legumes could be promoted instead.", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "Residual effects", "Herbaceous legumes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mixed fallows", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mafongoya, Paramu, L., Jiri, Obert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9776-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-016-9776-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-016-9776-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-016-9776-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-11", "title": "Maize Water Use Efficiency And Evapotranspiration Response To N Supply Under Contrasting Soil Water Availability", "description": "Abstract   Water use efficiency (WUEg), the quotient between grain yield and crop evapotranspiration (ET), might be increased in maize crops (Zea mays L.) due to N supply. Most research has focused on understanding grain yield response to N supply; so there is little and contradictory information on the influence of N supply on WUEg in water limited environments and on ET response to N supply under contrasting water availability. The objectives of our research were to elucidate whether N supply affects WUEg in water limited environments; and to clarify the expected response to N supply of maize ET and its components under contrasting soil water availability. Maize crops were grown at Balcarce, Argentina during three seasons. Treatments included two water regimes (i.e. rain-fed and irrigated) and two rates of N (i.e. 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 or non-fertilized). Measurements included (i) soil water content and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (iPAR) during the whole crop season, and (ii) grain yield and shoot dry matter at physiological maturity. Crop ET was calculated by means of a water balance and soil evaporation was estimated by means of micro-lysimeters. Our results show that N supply did not influence WUEg in water limited environments; but N supply significantly increased ET (2\u20138%) under all water availability conditions. Maize seasonal ET increments were closely related to the improvement of seasonal iPAR in non-water limited environments, but not in water limited environments. In non-water limited environments, ET response to N supply was mediated by the concomitant effects of iPAR increments on increasing transpiration while reducing evaporation. In water limited environments, ET slightly increased in response to iPAR increments due to N supply. The low ET increment in water limited environments with frequent low superficial soil water content (i.e. \u22642\u00a0mm\u00a0cm\u22121) was probably not influenced by reductions in evaporation (E); but associated with stomata closure in response to water deficiencies. This is consistent with the fact that N supply did not promote improvements in radiation use efficiency for biomass production (RUEb) in these environments.", "keywords": ["EVAPORATION", "2. Zero hunger", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "INTERCEPTED PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION", "ZEA MAYS L", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Cambareri, Diego Cerrudo, Laura Echarte, Laura Echarte, P. Barbieri, P. Barbieri, M.D. Hern\u00e1ndez, A. Della Maggiora,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-016-9790-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-05", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions In A Spring Wheat-Field Pea Sequence Under Different Tillage Practices In Semi-Arid Northwest China", "description": "Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture production are predicted to increase as the world\u2019s population and demand for food increases. This research assessed the influence of tillage systems on CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes and soil properties in spring wheat\u2013field pea sequence in a rain-fed semi-arid environment. The tillage practices included; conventional tillage with straw removed (T), no\u2013till with straw removed (NT), no-till with straw retention on the soil surface (NTS) and conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS). Greenhouse gas emissions were monitored during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons using a carbon dioxide analyzer and static chamber-gas chromatography. Although the results showed that all treatments served as sources of atmospheric CO2 and N2O, and a sink of atmospheric CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions significantly decreased by 21 and 34 % in NTS sites, and CH4 uptake increased by 22 % compared with T fields. Soil organic carbon (0\u201330 cm) increased by 24, 19 and 7 % in NTS compared to T, NT and TS respectively. In addition, the contribution to increase soil organic carbon was much higher under straw retention treatments. T plots significantly increased global warming potential by 37 and 30 % in N2O and CH4 versus NTS soils. NTS increased straw and grain yield compared with straw removal treatments (NT and T), but that had no effect compared with TS treatment. NTS farming practices demonstrated increases in crop productivity and reduced greenhouse gas under dryland cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9790-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-016-9790-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-016-9790-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-016-9790-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-016-9806-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-26", "title": "The Fate Of N-15-Labelled Urea In An Alkaline Calcareous Soil Under Different N Application Rates And N Splits", "description": "We aimed to quantitatively investigate the effects of rate and timing of nitrogen (N) application on fate of 15N-labelled urea in an alkaline calcareous soil during a winter wheat (WW) and summer maize (SM) seasons. The treatments consisted of conventional N application (i.e., WN300-2T or MN240-2T, 300 or 240\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 with two N splits to WW or SM), reduced N application (i.e., WN210-2T or MN168-2T, 210 or 168\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 with two N splits to WW or SM), recommended N application (i.e., WN210-3T or MN168-3T, 210 or 168\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 with three N splits to WW or SM), and control (N0). The result showed that the fate of 15N fertilizer was significantly influenced by rate and timing of the applied N. Compared with the conventional N treatment, crop 15N recovery in the recommended N treatment increased significantly by 16.7\u00a0% for WW and 17.2\u00a0% for SM, but total 15N losses reduced significantly by 12.3 and 13.5\u00a0%, respectively. Residual 15N in 100\u2013200\u00a0cm soil layer was the lowest in recommended N treatment, preventing leaching of much 15NO3                         \u2212\u2013N to deeper soil layers. Our results indicated that the recommended N treatment at rate of 210 or 168\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 with three N splits to WW or SM would maintain crop yields but significantly increase N recovery efficiency and reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by N losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "3. Good health"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiubin Wang, Xuexia Pei, Guoqing Liang, Kejiang Li, Wei Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9806-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-016-9806-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-016-9806-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-016-9806-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ES&offset=1950&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ES&offset=1950&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ES&offset=1900", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ES&offset=2000", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 22670, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:10:03.504372Z"}