{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-0230-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-30", "title": "Root Production And Tissue Quality In A Shortgrass Steppe Exposed To Elevated Co2: Using A New Ingrowth Method", "description": "A modified root ingrowth method was developed to minimize destructive sampling in experiments with limited space, and used to estimate belowground net primary production and root tissue quality in a native semiarid grassland exposed to elevated CO2 for five years. Increases in root production of over 60% were observed with elevated CO2 during years of intermediate levels of precipitation, with smaller effects in a very wet year and no effects in a very dry year. Aboveground to belowground production ratios, and the depth distribution of root production, did not differ between ambient and elevated CO2 treatments. Root soluble concentrations increased an average of 11% and lignin concentrations decreased an average of 6% with elevated CO2, while nitrogen concentrations decreased an average of 21%. However, most tissue quality responses to CO2 varied greatly among years, and C:N ratios were higher in only one year (22 ambient vs. 33 elevated). Among years, root nitrogen concentrations declined with increasing aboveground plant nitrogen yield, and increased over the study period. Estimates of root production by the ingrowth donut method were much lower than previous estimates in the shortgrass steppe based on 14C decay. We discuss reasons why all ingrowth methods will always result in relative rather than absolute estimates of root production.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jim A. Nelson, Daniel R. LeCain, Jennifer Y. King, Jack A. Morgan, A. R. Mosier, A. R. Mosier, Daniel G. Milchunas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0230-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-0230-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-0230-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-0230-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-31", "title": "How Does Nitrogen Availability Alter Rhizodeposition In Lolium Multiflorum Lam. During Vegetative Growth?", "description": "The objective of this work was to determine if the impact of nitrogen (N) on the release of organic carbon (C) into the soil by roots (rhizodeposition) correlated with the effect of this nutrient on some variables of plant growth. Lolium multiflorum Lam. was grown at two levels of N supply, either in sterile sand percolated with nutrient solution or in non-sterile soil. The axenic sand systems allowed continuous quantification of rhizodeposition and accurate analysis of root morphology whilst the soil microcosms allowed the study of 14C labelled C flows in physico-chemical and biological conditions relevant to natural soils. In the axenic sand cultures, enhanced N supply strongly increased the plant biomass, the plant N content and the shoot to root ratio. N supply altered the root morphology by increasing the root surface area and the density of apices, both being significantly positively correlated with the rate of organic C release by plant roots before sampling. This observation is consistent with the production of mucilage by root tips and with mechanisms of root exudation reported previously in the literature, i.e. the passive diffusion of roots solutes along the root with increased rate behind the root apex. We proposed a model of root net exudation, based on the number of root apices and on root soluble C that explained 60% of the variability in the rate of C release from roots at harvest. The effects of N on plant growth were less marked in soil, probably related to the relatively high supply of N from non-fertiliser soil-sources. N fertilization increased the shoot N concentration of the plants and the shoot to root ratio. Increased N supply decreased the partitioning of 14C to roots. In parallel, N fertilisation increased the root soluble 14C and the 14C recovered in the soil per unit of root biomass, suggesting a stimulation of root exudation by N supply. However, due to the high concentration of N in our unfertilised plants, this stimulation was assumed to be very weak because no significant effect of N was observed on the microbial C and on the bacterial abundance in the rhizosphere. Considering the difficulties in evaluating rhizodeposition in non sterile soil, it is suggested that the root soluble C, the root surface area and the root apex density are additional relevant variables that should be useful to measure along with the variables that are commonly determined when investigating how plant functioning impacts on the release of C by roots (i.e soil C, C of the microbial biomass, rhizosphere respiration).", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "exudation", "C-14 pulse labelling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "N", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "rhizodeposition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "root morphology", "root soluble C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-1160-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-30", "title": "Hydrogel Substrate Amendment Alleviates Drought Effects On Young Citrus Plants", "description": "Water deficits affect citrus physiology, yield, fruit size and quality. Citrus can respond to drought stress conditions through endogenous hormonal regulation of water status and leaf abscission. In this work, we assayed the efficiency of an amendment to soilless media in delaying the drought stress effect in young citrus seedlings and trees. Substrate amendment promoted plant survival of citrus seedlings subjected to several cycles of drought stress and rehydration. In budded trees, the amendment increased substrate water content, leaf water potential, leaf number, root biomass, CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance over that of control plants growing in non-amended substrates. We conclude that the substrate amendment reduced the damaging effects of drought stress in citrus plants. The longer survival of seedlings in the amended treatment together with the reduction in leaf abscission and the improvement of physiological parameters, can account for a higher vigour of citrus grown under water stress conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-1160-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-1160-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-1160-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-1160-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-31", "title": "Senna Siamea Trees Recycle Ca From A Ca-Rich Subsoil And Increase The Topsoil Ph In Agroforestry Systems In The West African Derived Savanna Zone", "description": "The functioning of trees as a safety-net for capturing nutrients leached beyond the reach of crop roots was evaluated by investigating changes in exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K) and pH in a wide range of medium to long term alley cropping trials in the derived savanna of West Africa, compared to no-tree control plots. Topsoil Ca content, effective cation exchange capacity, and pH were substantially higher under Sennasiamea than under Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, or the no-tree control plots in sites with a Bt horizon rich in exchangeable Ca. This was shown to be largely related to the recovery of Ca from the subsoil under Senna trees. The increase of the Ca content of the topsoil under Senna relative to the no-tree control treatment was related to the total amount of dry matter applied since trial establishment. The lack of increase in Ca accumulation under the other species was related to potential recovery of Ca from the topsoil itself and/or substantial Ca leaching. The accumulation of Ca in the topsoil under Senna had a marked effect on the topsoil pH, the latter increasing significantly compared with the Leucaena, Gliridia, and no-tree control treatments. In conclusion, the current work shows that the functioning of the often hypothesized \u2018safety-net\u2019 of trees in a cropping system depends on (i) the tree species and on (ii) the presence of a subsoil of suitable quality, i.e., clay enriched and with high Ca saturation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "senna siamea", "topsoil", "01 natural sciences", "savannas", "agroforestry", "plant litter", "calcio", "subsoil", "top soil", "sabanas", "2. Zero hunger", "calcium", "biomass", "cerca viva", "capa arable del suelo", "litterfall prunings", "ph del suelo", "hojarasca", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "subsoil ca content", "soil ph", "gliricidia sepium", "leucaena leucocephala", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "hedges", "agroforesteria", "leucaena lecocephala"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-0599-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-1793-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-30", "title": "Vegetation In Contrasting Soil Water Sites Of Upland Herbaceous Grasslands And N : P Ratios As Indicators Of Nutrient Limitation", "description": "Effects of differences in long-term water supply were examined on soil characteristics, primary production and species composition in a wet and a dry site of an upland herbaceous grassland. Also the responses of species to N and P enrichments were examined. N and P concentrations of non-legume species were positively related, indicating that biomass N:P ratios seem to be mainly determined by N:P supply ratios. Forbs had generally higher concentrations than graminoids. Intermittent water inundation of soil in the wet site resulted in greater soil N and P availability. The greater productivity of this site promoted the growth of forbs. A fertilizer experiment showed that biomass was limited by N only in the wet site, but by both nutrients in the dry one. The species with the higher N and P concentrations were favored more after N and P enrichment, respectively; however, species enhancement was not related to N:P ratios of species. This indicates that N and P concentrations of species, rather than N:P ratios of species, are better predictors of species responses to N and P enrichment. N:P ratios of whole communities were 8.73 for the wet and 11.36 for the dry site. These values in comparison with the responses of plant communities to N and P fertilization show that thresholds of N:P ratios indicative of N or P limitation are much lower than those found for European wetlands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-1793-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-1793-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-1793-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-1793-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-3848-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-30", "title": "Divergent Effects Of Elevated Co2, N Fertilization, And Plant Diversity On Soil C And N Dynamics In A Grassland Field Experiment", "description": "While increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, increased N deposition, and changes in plant diversity have all been shown to significantly alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, the effects of these factors have never been studied simultaneously and in combination. We studied the response of soil C and N dynamics to changes in atmospheric CO2 (ambient, 560 ppm), N fertilization (0, 4 g N m\u22122 yr\u22121), plant species number (1, 4 species), and plant functional group number (1, 4 groups; all with 4 species) in a grassland field experiment in Minnesota, USA. During the fourth season of treatments, we used laboratory incubations to assess soil C pool sizes and dynamics and net N mineralization, and determined microbial C and N and total soil C and N. Elevated CO2 increased labile C and microbial biomass, but had no effect on net N mineralization, respiration of more recalcitrant C, or total soil C and N. Nitrogen fertilization increased net N mineralization, because of faster decomposition or less immobilization by litter with higher N concentrations. In the four species plots, N fertilization also increased total soil C and N, likely because greater litter production more than offset any increases in decomposition. Increasing the species number from one to four increased C respiration that could largely be attributed to greater soil C inputs from increased biomass accumulation, but reduced net N mineralization, likely because of greater immobilization in the more productive four-species plots. An increase in functional group number did not affect any of the soil parameters measured. While elevated CO2, N fertilization, and increased species number all increased plant biomass accumulation, they had divergent effects on soil C and N dynamics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-3848-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-3848-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-3848-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-3848-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-7459-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-24", "title": "Crop Yields, Internal Nutrient Efficiency, And Changes In Soil Properties In Rice\u2013Wheat Rotations Under Non-Flooded Mulching Cultivation", "description": "A field experiment was conducted for 5 years to examine the effects of non-flooded mulching cultivation on crop yield, internal nutrient efficiency and soil properties in rice\u2013wheat (R\u2013W) rotations of the Chengdu Plain, southwest China. Compared with traditional flooding (TF), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM) resulted in 12 and 11% higher average rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and system productivity (combined rice and wheat yields), and the trends in rice and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields under PM were stable over time. However, non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM) decreased average rice yield by 11% compared with TF, although no significant difference in system productivity was found between SM and TF. Uptakes of N and K by rice under PM were higher than those under TF and SM, but internal nutrient efficiency was significantly lower (N) or similar (K) under PM compared to SM and TF. This implies that more N and K accumulated in rice straw under PM. After 5-year rice\u2013wheat rotation, apparent P balances (112\u2013160 kg ha\u22121) were positive under all three cultivation systems. However, the K balances were negative under PM (\u2212419 kg ha\u22121) and TF (\u221290 kg ha\u22121) compared with SM (45 kg ha\u22121). This suggests that higher K inputs from fertilizer, straw or manure may be necessary, especially under PM. After five rice seasons and four wheat seasons, non-flooded mulching cultivation led to similar (PM) or higher (SM) soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN) and alkali hydrolyzable N (AH-N) in the top 0\u20135 and 5\u201312 cm layers compared with TF. SOC, TN, AH-N and Olsen-P (OP) in the sub-surface layer (12\u201324 cm) were significantly higher under PM or SM than under TF, indicating that rice under non-flooded mulching conditions may fail to make use of nutrients from the subsoil. Thus, the risk of decline in soil fertility under non-flooded mulching cultivation could be very low if input levels match crop requirements. Our data indicate that PM and SM may be alternative options for farmers using R\u2013W rotations for enhancement or maintenance of system productivity and soil fertility.", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "2. Zero hunger", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1102", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-7459-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-7459-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-7459-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-7459-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-9641-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-08", "title": "Changes In Soil Microbial Community Associated With Invasion Of The Exotic Weed, Mikania Micrantha Hbk", "description": "Invasions of exotic plant species are among the most pervasive and important threats to natural ecosystems. However, the effects of plant invasions on soil processes and soil biota have not been adequately investigated. Changes were studied in soil microbial communities where Mikania micrantha was invading a native forest community in Neilingding Island, Shenzhen, China. The soil microbial community structure (assessed by phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] profiles) and function (assessed by enzyme activities), as well as soil chemical properties were measured. The results showed that the invasion of M.\u00a0micrantha into the evergreen broadleaved forests in South China changed most of the characteristics in studied soils. Microbial community structure and function differed significantly among the native, two ecotones, and exotic-derived soils. For PLFA profiles, we observed a significant increase in aerobic bacteria but a decrease in anaerobic bacteria in the M.\u00a0micrantha monoculture as compared to the native and ecotones. The ratio of cy19:0 to18:1\u03c97 gradually declined but mono/sat PLFAs increased as M.\u00a0micrantha became more dominant. Both ratios were significantly related to pH according to regression analysis, therefore, pH was a sensitive indicator reflecting the invaded soil subsystem succession. The microbial community composition clearly separated the native soil from the invaded soils by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). For enzyme activities, 7 of 9 enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) showed the similar trend that the activities were highest in the exotic, intermediate in the two ecotones, and lowest in the native community. In most cases, enzyme activities were influenced by soil chemical properties, especially by pH value and soil organic matter. Differences in the structural variables were well correlated to differences in the functional variables as demonstrated by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). It was concluded that M.\u00a0micrantha invasion had profound effects on the soil subsystem, which must be taken into account when we try to control its invasions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guo-rong Xin, Zhong-Yi Yang, Cong-bang Zhang, Hong-bo Jiang, Wei-hua Li, Wei-hua Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-9641-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-9641-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-9641-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-9641-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-1257-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-17", "title": "Increased Topsoil Mineral Nutrient Concentrations Under Exotic Invasive Plants In Belgium", "description": "Exotic invasive plants can alter ecosystem processes. For the first time in Europe, we have analysed the impacts of exotic invasive plants on topsoil chemical properties. At eight sites invaded by five exotic invasive species (Fallopia japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Solidago gigantea, Prunus serotina and Rosa rugosa), soil mineral element composition was compared between invaded patches and adjacent, uninvaded vegetation. We found increased concentrations of exchangeable essential nutrients under the canopy of exotic invasive plants, most strikingly so for K and Mn (32% and 34% increase, respectively). This result fits in well with previous reports of enhanced N dynamics in invaded sites, partly due to higher net primary productivity in exotic invasive plants compared to native vegetation.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "0106 biological sciences", "Plant-soil interactions", "Invasive species", "Alien species", "Ecosystem processes", "Plant invasions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "P\u00e9dologie", "Agronomie du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Botanique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-1257-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-1257-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-1257-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-1257-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-2267-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-31", "title": "Liming And Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Phosphatase Activities, Microbial Biomass And Mycorrhizal Colonisation In Upland Grassland", "description": "We have studied the effects of factorial combinations of lime and N additions on soil microbial biomass, respiration rates and phosphatase activity of an upland grassland. We also used an Agrostis capillaris seedling bioassay to assess the effect of the treatments on the activity of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and root surface phosphatase enzymes and the concentrations of N and P in the bioassay plant shoots. In the F and H horizons, soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) decreased in response to the liming, while addition of lime and N together reduced basal respiration rates. In the Ah horizon, Cmic was unaffected by the treatments but basal respiration rates decreased in the plots receiving nitrogen. Soil phosphatase activity decreased only in the Ah horizon in plots receiving lime, either in combination with N or alone. The mass of root fwt. colonized by AM fungi increased in response to the treatments in the order nitrogen0.05) effect on SMBC, SMBN and WSOC, while crop rotation significantly (P<0.0001) affected both SMBC and WSOC. These results demonstrate that crop rotation do not necessarily influence the gross soil microbial biomass, but may affect physiologically distinct subcomponent of the microbial biomass. The soils under the various rotations had a predominance of fungi community as indicated by their wide biomass C/N ratio ranging from 9.2 to 20.9 suggesting fungi to be mainly responsible for decomposition in these soils. Soil microbial biomass and WSOC showed significant (P<0.05) correlation with both soil pH and organic carbon but no relationship with total N. Based on these results, it appears that the soil pH and organic carbon determined the flux of the soil microbial biomass and amount of WSOC in these soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-3828-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-3828-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-3828-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-3828-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-2950-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-24", "title": "The Impact Of Nitrogen Placement And Tillage On No, N2o, Ch4 And Co2 Fluxes From A Clay Loam Soil", "description": "To evaluate the impact of N placement depth and no-till (NT) practice on the emissions of NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 from soils, we conducted two N placement experiments in a long-term tillage experiment site in northeastern Colorado in 2004. Trace gas flux measurements were made 2\u20133 times per week, in zero-N fertilizer plots that were cropped continuously to corn (Zea mays L.) under conventional-till (CT) and NT. Three N placement depths, replicated four times (5, 10 and 15 cm in Exp. 1 and 0, 5 and 10 cm in Exp. 2, respectively) were used. Liquid urea\u2013ammonium nitrate (UAN, 224 kg N ha\u22121) was injected to the desired depth in the CT- or NT-soils in each experiment. Mean flux rates of NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 ranged from 3.9 to 5.2 \u03bcg N m\u22122 h\u22121, 60.5 to 92.4 \u03bcg N m\u22122 h\u22121, \u22120.8 to 0.5 \u03bcg C m\u22122 h\u22121, and 42.1 to 81.7 mg C m\u22122 h\u22121 in both experiments, respectively. Deep N placement (10 and 15 cm) resulted in lower NO and N2O emissions compared with shallow N placement (0 and 5 cm) while CH4 and CO2 emissions were not affected by N placement in either experiment. Compared with N placement at 5 cm, for instance, averaged N2O emissions from N placement at 10 cm were reduced by more than 50% in both experiments. Generally, NT decreased NO emission and CH4 oxidation but increased N2O emissions compared with CT irrespective of N placement depths. Total net global warming potential (GWP) for N2O, CH4 and CO2 was reduced by deep N placement only in Exp. 1 but was increased by NT in both experiments. The study results suggest that deep N placement (e.g., 10 cm) will be an effective option for reducing N oxide emissions and GWP from both fertilized CT- and NT-soils.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fusuo Zhang, Arvin R. Mosier, Xuejun Liu, Ardell D. Halvorson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-2950-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-2950-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-2950-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-2950-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-16", "title": "Effect Of Drought And Weed Management On Maize Genotypes And The Tensiometric Soil Water Content Of An Eutric Nitisol In South Western Nigeria", "description": "In the dry savannas of West and Central Africa, where low soil fertility, unpredictable rainfall, weed competition and recurrent drought are major constraints to maize production, the development of tropical maize genotypes with high and stable yields under drought and low-nitrogen condition is very important since access to these improved genotypes may be the only affordable alternative to many small scale farmers. Field trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003\u00a0at Ikenne southwestern Nigeria to investigate the effect of weed pressures and drought stress on 2 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (9134-14, 9803-9) and 2 open-pollinated varieties (STREVIWD, IYFDCO1). Irrigation was withdrawn 4 weeks after planting (about four weeks to mid-flowering) in the drought stress while the adjacent watered treatment had irrigation throughout the growing period. The weed pressures were the completely weeded plots (hand weeding every week) and weedy plots (weeded once, 2 weeks after planting). The experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Drought stress reduced the stover weight and grain yield of the maize cultivars by 6% and 34% respectively. Weed-free plots had maize with higher agronomic traits than unweeded treatments. Hybrid 9803-9 was more susceptible to drought and weed stress as indicated in the stover weight and grain yield. STREVIWD an open-pollinated variety (OPV) and Hybrid 9134-14 had superior performances in terms of grain yield and shorter anthesis silking interval. Soil moisture content was higher in the unweeded plots while the uptake of moisture was highest in drought susceptible hybrid 9803-9. Irrespective of the genotypes, maize (hybrid and OPV) was more tolerant to drought in a weed-free environment than in unweeded conditions. There existed a negative but significant correlation between weed biomass and chlorophyll content (\u22120.29, P < 0.01), grain yield (\u22120.45, P < 0.05), ear plant\u22121 (\u22120.27, P < 0.05) and kernel-number (\u22120.366 P < 0.01).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "eutric nitisol", "weeded plots", "nutrient", "drought stress", "maize genotypes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "weed management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-3864-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-5446-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-21", "title": "Response Of Litter Decomposition To Simulated N Deposition In Disturbed, Rehabilitated And Mature Forests In Subtropical China", "description": "The response of decomposition of litter for the dominant tree species in disturbed (pine), rehabilitated (pine and broadleaf mixed) and mature (monsoon evergreen broadleaf) forests in subtropical China to simulated N deposition was studied to address the following hypothesis: (1) litter decomposition is faster in mature forest (high soil N availability) than in rehabilitated/disturbed forests (low soil N availability); (2) litter decomposition is stimulated by N addition in rehabilitated and disturbed forests due to their low soil N availability; (3) N addition has little effect on litter decomposition in mature forest due to its high soil N availability. The litterbag method (a total of 2880 litterbags) and N treatments: Control-no N addition, Low-N: \u22125\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121, Medium-N: \u221210\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121, and High-N: \u221215\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122 y\u22121, were employed to evaluate decomposition. Results indicated that mature forest, which has likely been N saturated due to both long-term high N deposition in the region and the age of the ecosystem, had the highest litter decomposition rate, and exhibited no significant positive and even some negative response to nitrogen additions. However, both disturbed and rehabilitated forests, which are still N limited due to previous land use history, exhibited slower litter decomposition rates with significant positive effects from nitrogen additions. These results suggest that litter decomposition and its responses to N addition in subtropical forests of China vary depending on the nitrogen status of the ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5446-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-5446-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-5446-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-5446-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-5691-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-16", "title": "Uptake Of Selenium And Its Antioxidant Activity In Ryegrass When Applied As Selenate And Selenite Forms", "description": "Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animal and human nutrition, but whether it is essential to plants remains controversial. However, there are increasing experimental evidences that indicate a protective role of Se against the oxidative stress in higher plants through Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. The effects of the Se chemical forms, selenite and selenate, the rate of their application on shoot Se concentration and their influence on the antioxidative system of ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Aries), through the measurement of GSH-Px activity and lipid peroxidation, were evaluated in an Andisol of Southern Chile. Moreover, a soil\u2013plant relationship for Se was determined and a simple method to extract available Se from acid soils is proposed. In a 55-day experiment ryegrass seeds were sown in pots and soil was treated with sodium selenite or sodium selenate (0\u201310 mg Se kg\u22121). The results showed that the Se concentration in shoots increased with the application of both selenite and selenate. However, the highest shoot Se concentrations were obtained in selenate-treated plants. For both sources of Se, there was a significant positive correlation between the shoot Se concentration and the GSH-Px activity; and the Se-dependence of this enzymatic activity was related especially with the chemical form of applied Se rather than the Se concentration in plant tissues. Furthermore, the lipid peroxidation, as measured by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), decreased at low levels of shoot Se concentration, reaching the lowest level at approximately 20 mg Se kg\u22121 in plants and then increased steadily above this level. In addition, the acid extraction method used to evaluate available Se in soil showed a positive good correlation between soil Se and shoot Se concentrations irrespective of chemical form of Se applied.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Selenium", "ryegrass", "antioxidant activity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Selenium; antioxidant activity; ryegrass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5691-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-5691-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-5691-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-5691-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-4291-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-10", "title": "Wood-Ash Recycling Affects Forest Soil And Tree Fine-Root Chemistry And Reverses Soil Acidification", "description": "Wood ash was applied to a forest ecosystem with the aim to recycle nutrients taken from the forest and to mitigate the negative effects of intensive harvesting. After two years, the application of 8,000 kg ha\u22121 of wood ash increased soil exchangeable Ca and Mg. Similarly, an increase in Ca and Mg in the Norway spruce fine roots was recorded, leading to significant linear correlations between soil and root Ca and soil and root Mg. In contrast to these macronutrients, the micronutrients Fe and Zn and the toxic element Al decreased in the soil exchangeable fraction with the addition of wood ash, but not in the fine roots. Only Mn decreased in soil and in fine roots leading to a significant linear correlation between soil and root Mn. In soil, as well as in fine roots, strong positive correlations were found between the elements Ca and Mg and between Fe and Al. This indicates that the uptake of Mg resembles that of Ca and that of Al that of Fe. With the wood ash application, the pH increased from 3.2 to 4.8, the base saturation from 30% to 86%, the molar basic cations/Al ratio (BC/Al) of the soil solution from 1.5 to 5.5, and the molar Ca/Al ratio of the fine roots from 1.3 to 3.7. Overall, all below-ground indicators of soil acidification responded positively to the wood ash application within two years. Nitrate concentrations increased only slightly in the soil solution at a soil depth of 75\u201380 cm, and no signs of increased heavy metal concentrations in the soils or in the fine roots were apparent. This suggests that the recycling of wood ash could be an integral part of sustainable forest management because it closes the nutrient cycle and reverses soil acidification.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-4291-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-4291-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-4291-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-4291-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-16", "title": "Increased Quantity And Quality Of Coarse Soil Organic Matter Fraction At Elevated Co2 In A Grazed Grassland Are A Consequence Of Enhanced Root Growth Rate And Turnover", "description": "The aims of this study were to determine whether elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration modifies plant organic matter (OM) fluxes to the soil and whether any change in the fluxes can modify soil OM accumulation. Measurements were made in a grazed temperate grassland after almost 4\u00a0years exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 (475\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0l-1) using a Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility located in the North Island of New Zealand. Aboveground herbage biomass and leaf litter production were not altered by elevated CO2 but root growth rate, as measured with the ingrowth core method, and root turnover were strongly stimulated by elevated CO2 particularly at low soil moisture contents during summer. Consequently, significantly more plant material was returned to the soil under elevated CO2 leading to an accumulation of coarse (> 1\u00a0mm) particulate organic matter (POM) but not of finer POM fractions. The accumulating POM exhibited a lower C/N ratio, which was attributed to the higher proportion of legumes in the pasture under elevated CO2. Only small changes were detected in the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass in response to the POM accumulation, suggesting that higher organic substrate availability did not stimulate microbial growth and activity despite the apparent lower C/N ratio of accumulating POM. As a result, elevated CO2 may well lead to an accumulation of OM in grazed grassland soil in the long term.", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER", "ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM", "ROOT GROWTH", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ROOT TURNOVER", "C SEQUESTRATION", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "INGROWTH CORE", "HYPOCHOERIS RADICATA", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-7011-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-24", "title": "Study On The Relationship Between Soil Selenium And Plant Selenium Uptake", "description": "Various extraction methods have been used to determine selenium (Se) concentrations in soils and plants in the second seleniferous regions of China. Our results show tea Se contents in the study area range from 1.009 to 2.6 mg/kg, which reveal that the tea areas in Ziyang County are in seleniferous regions. The four extraction methods evaluated in this study provide different information concerning soil and plant Se levels. The quality control/quality assurance program for this project indicated there is excellent agreement between total soil Se and extractable Se. For example, phosphate extractable Se results from the field investigation and greenhouse study were found to be highly correlated (R 2 > 0.91) by linear regression analyses. Results from rye seedling experiments further show phosphate extractable Se has significant correlations with plant Se uptake and that a 0.1 M solution of KH2PO4 can be used as the extractant of soil available Se. In the acid soil, the Brassica campestris yield could be significantly reduced when the content of Se 6+ \u2013Se \u2021 0.5 mg/kg, and the influence on the yield was not as obvious when the content of Se 6+ \u2013Se reached up to 2.0 mg/kg. The uptake by Brassica campestris of Se 6+ \u2013Se is higher than that of Se 4+ \u2013Se. The main factors influencing the biological availability of soil Se, in order of their importance are CaCO3, the presence of silt grains, organic matter and the presence of clay grains. pH could affect KH2PO4 extractable Se through CaCO3.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chengze Xue, Erda Lin, Chengyi Zhao, Jinghua Ren,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-7011-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-7011-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-7011-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-7011-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-8770-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-29", "title": "Does The Gradualness Of Leaf Shedding Govern Nutrient Resorption From Senescing Leaves In Mediterranean Woody Plants?", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Resorption proficiency", "Nutrient retranslocation", "Resorption efficiency", "Potassium", "Leaf shedding phenology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nutrient status", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-8770-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-8770-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-8770-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-8770-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-0029-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Responses Of Maize Grain Yield To Changes In Acid Soil Characteristics After Soil Amendments", "description": "An experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2000 on an acid soil in Cameroon to assess the effectiveness of cultivating acid tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar and the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers as options for the management of soil acidity. The factors investigated were: phosphorus (0 and 60 kg ha\u22121), dolomitic lime (0 and 2 t ha\u22121), organic manure (no manure, 4 t ha\u22121 poultry manure, and 4 t ha\u22121 of leaves of Senna spectabilis), and maize cultivars (ATP-SR-Y \u2013 an acid soil-tolerant, and Tuxpeno sequia \u2013 an acid susceptible). On acid soil, maize grain yield of ATP-SR-Y was 61% higher than the grain yield of Tuxpeno sequia. Continuous maize cultivation on acid soil further increased soil acidity, which was manifested by a decrease in pH (0.23 unit), exchangeable Ca (31%) and Mg (36%) and by an increase in exchangeable Al (20%). Yearly application of 60 kg ha\u22121 of P for 3 years increased soil acidity through increases in exchangeable Al (8%) and H (16%) and a decrease in exchangeable Ca (30%), Mg (11%) and pH (0.07 unit). Lime application increased grain yield of the tolerant (82%) and susceptible (208%) cultivars. The grain yield increases were associated with a mean decrease of 43% in exchangeable Al, and 51% in H, a mean increase of 0.27 unit in pH, 5% in CEC, 154% in exchangeable Ca, and 481% in Mg contents of the soil. Poultry manure was more efficient than leaves of Senna producing 38% higher grain yield. This yield was associated with increases in pH, Ca, Mg and P, and a decrease in Al. The highest mean grain yields were obtained with lime added to poultry manure (4.70 t ha\u22121) or leaves of Senna (4.72 t ha\u22121). Grain yield increase was more related to the decrease in exchangeable Al (r = \u22120.86 to \u22120.95, P<0.01) and increase in Ca (r = 0.78\u20130.94, P<0.01), than to pH (r = \u22120.57 (non-significant) to \u22120.58 (P<0.05)). Exchangeable Al was the main factor determining pH (r = \u22120.88 to \u22120.92, P<0.01). The yield advantage of the acid tolerant cultivar was evident even after correcting for soil acidity. Acid soil-tolerant cultivars are capable of bringing unproductive acid soils into cultivation on the short run. The integration of soil amendments together with acid soil-tolerant cultivar offers a sustainable and comprehensive strategy for the management of acid soils in the tropics.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "F04 - Fertilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Th\u00e9, Charles, Calba, Henri, Zonkeng, C\u00e9licard, Ngonkeu, Eddy L\u00e9onard Mangaptch\u00e9, Adetimirin, Victor O., Mafouasson, Hortense A., Meka, S.S., Horst, Walter J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0029-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-0029-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-0029-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-0029-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Soil Nitrate Accumulation, Leaching And Crop Nitrogen Use As Influenced By Fertilization And Irrigation In An Intensive Wheat\u2013Maize Double Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "There is a growing concern about excessive nitrogen (N) and water use in agricultural systems in North China due to the reduced resource use efficiency and increased groundwater pollution. A two-year experiment with two soil moisture by four N treatments was conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates and soil moisture on soil N dynamics, crop yield, N uptake and use efficiency in an intensive wheat\u2013maize double cropping system (wheat\u2013maize rotation) in the North China Plain. Under the experimental conditions, crop yield of both wheat and maize did\u2423not\u2423increase significantly at N rates above 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. Nitrogen application rates affected little on ammonium-N (NH4-N) content in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profiles. Excess nitrate-N (NO3-N), ranging from 221\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 to 620\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, accumulated in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profile at the end of second rotation in the treatments with N rates of 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In general, maize crop has higher N use efficiency than wheat crop. Higher NO3-N leaching occurred in maize season than in wheat season due to more water leakage caused by the concentrated summer rainfall. The results of this study indicate that the optimum N rate may be much lower than that used in many areas in the North China Plain given the high level of N already in the soil, and there is great potential for reducing N inputs to increase N use efficiency and to mitigate N leaching into the groundwater. Avoiding excess water leakage through controlled irrigation and matching N application to crop N demand is the key to reduce NO3-N leaching and maintain crop yield. Such management requires knowledge of crop water and N demand and soil N dynamics as they change with variable climate temporally and spatially. Simulation modeling can capture those interactions and is considered as a powerful tool to assist in\u2423the\u2423future optimization of N and irrigation managements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Cropping Intensity And Rainfall Effects On Upland Rice Yields In Northern Laos", "description": "In northern Laos, upland rice is grown as a subsistence crop under rainfed conditions with no fertilizer inputs. It has traditionally been grown under slash-and-burn systems with long fallows, which restore soil fertility and reduce insect and weed pressure. However, increasing population density and government policies aimed at reducing the area under slash-and-burn have reduced fallows to as little as two or three years between rice crops. In this paper the impact of intensifying upland rice cultivation and rainfall on upland rice productivity was evaluated using yield and rainfall data from Luang Prabang province from 1992 to 2004. In addition, an experiment was conducted in 2004 to evaluate the effect of upland rice cropping intensification on soil nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) availability and root pests (Tetraneura nigriabdominalis-root aphids and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield-nematodes). Rice yields were associated with total rainfall from June through August, corresponding to mid-tillering through flowering growth stages of upland rice. Increased cropping intensity resulted in a significant reduction of upland rice yields with higher rice yields being associated with longer fallows. Furthermore, when rice was annually cropped in the same field without fallows, rice yields rapidly declined. A study conducted in 2004 indicated that increasing cropping intensity reduced the soil N and P availability and increased root aphid infection of rice. The long-term productivity of upland rice can not be sustained with increased cropping intensity using the current management practices. Therefore, improved crop and resource management technologies are necessary for sustainable production.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-0049-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-23", "title": "Yields And Accumulations Of N And P In Farmer-Managed Intercrops Of Maize\u2013Pigeonpea In Semi-Arid Africa", "description": "Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food in Sub-Saharan Africa but low soil fertility, limited resources and droughts keep yields low. Cultivation of maize intercropped with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) is common in some areas of eastern and southern Africa. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate dry matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation in different plant components of maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping systems and (2) to report the effects of the intercrops on soil fertility. Maize\u2013pigeonpea intercrops were compared to sole maize grown using farmers\u02019 practices. Intercropping maize and pigeonpea increased (P 0.11). Nitrate and ammonium levels in soil were still not affected by the treatments after the soils were incubated in anaerobic conditions for 8 days at 37\u00b0C (P > 0.11). However, pigeonpea added up to 60 kg of N ha\u22121 to the system and accumulated up to 6 kg of P ha\u22121 and only 25% of this N and P were exported in the grain. In conclusion, beside the added grain yield of pigeonpea in the intercropped systems, pigeonpea increased the recirculation of dry matter, N and P, which may have a long-term effect on soil fertility. Furthermore, the stems from pigeonpea contributed to household fuel wood consumption. The intercropped system thus had multiple benefits that gave significant increase in combined yield per unit area without additional labour requirements. The main requirement in order to up-scale the maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping approach is sufficient supply of high-quality pigeonpea seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Food security", " food quality and human health", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-14", "title": "Soil Patches Of Inorganic Nitrogen In Subtropical Brazilian Plant Communities With Araucaria Angustifolia", "description": "The patchy environment to which plants are subjected may impose restrictions to plant growth and performance. In the present study, geostatistical tools were used to describe the spatial variation of inorganic nitrogen in three subtropical Brazilian plant communities, under two contrasting seasons (summer and winter). We postulated that NH4+ is the major N form present in the different sites, the patch size is smaller and the magnitude of the variation (contrast) is greater in the older sites (native forest and grassland) than in the Pinus plantation, and that seasonality has no influence on these patch attributes. Contrary to expected, nitrate was the major nitrogen form in the native araucarian forest (75 % and 62 % of the total inorganic nitrogen, for summer and winter, respectively), in contrast to the native grassland and Pinus plantation sites (61\u201371 % of total inorganic nitrogen as ammonium). In general, as expected, the contrast of patches was more pronounced in the older sites (proportion of total variance accounted for by structural variance between 0.22 and 0.76 for the older sites vs. an overall lack of structure in the Pinus plantation), but patch size was greater in the grassland (4.7\u20139.8 m) than in the forest sites (2.3\u20133.9 m). Contrary to expected, there was an overall loss of the patchy structure in the winter, except for the grassland. The Pinus plantation and the grassland may be more favorable to the performance of newly established seedlings of A. angustifolia than the native forest itself. We suggest that the patchy distribution of soil nitrogen is another environmental factor to be overcome by newly recruited seedlings of A. angustifolia in the native forest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9046-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-09", "title": "Effects Of Forest Conversion Into Grassland On Soil Aggregate Structure And Carbon Storage In Panama: Evidence From Soil Carbon Fractionation And Stable Isotopes", "description": "Land-use and land-cover strongly influence soil properties such as the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC), aggregate structure and SOC turnover processes. We studied the effects of a vegetation shift from forest to grassland 90 years ago in soils derived from andesite material on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We quantified the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and determined the turnover of C in bulk soil, water stable aggregates (WSA) of different size classes ( 90% of C and N is associated with mSOC, which has a comparatively long MRT.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9109-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-12", "title": "Drought And Warming Induced Changes In P And K Concentration And Accumulation In Plant Biomass And Soil In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Drought", "Water stress", "Nutrient content", "Sclerophylly", "Biomass K concentration", "Biomass P concentration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Erica multiflora", "6. Clean water", "Fertility", "Globularia alypum", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Nutrient availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Warming", "Global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9583-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-08", "title": "Cover Crop Effects On The Fate Of N Following Soil Application Of Swine Manure", "description": "Cereal grain cover crops increase surface cover, anchor corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) residues, increase infiltration, reduce both rill and interrill erosion, scavenge excess nutrients from the soil, and are easily obtained and inexpensive com- pared to other cover crop options. The use of cereal grain cover crops in fields where manure application occurs should increase nitrogen (N) recovery and cycling for use in subsequent crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop increases N retention after soil application of swine lagoon slurry. Experiments were conducted in a con- trolled environment chamber using plastic buck- ets as the experimental units. Three manure-N loading rates (no manure, low, high) were applied to soils with and without a rye cover crop. A partial N balance was determined from measure- ments of NO3 leaching, N2 Oa nd NH 3 emissions, cover crop N uptake, and NO3 +N H 4 remaining in the soil. Cumulative nitrate load in the drain- age water was less than 0.31 g m -2 NO3-N for rye treatments regardless of the manure rate, how- ever in the fallow treatments, at the high manure rate NO3 leaching losses were 6.28 and 3.77 g m -2 NO3-N, for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Rye N uptake ranged from 2.95 g N m -2 to 10.7 g N m -2 , and was related to manure rate. Rye had lower cumulative N2O emission than the no rye treatment for the high manure treatment. Ammonia emissions were low for all treatments during both experiments, which was probably related to the rapid manure incorporation after application. Rye can increase N retention, reduce cumulative N2O emissions, and reduce cumula- tive N load in drainage water when manure is applied to soils. Nitrogen balance calculations in the cover crop treatments accounted for less than the equivalent of 50% of the added manure N. We speculate that the living rye plants may have increased immobilization of N in the organic N pools.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy B. Parkin, J. W. Singer, T. C. Kaspar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-08", "title": "Soil Co2 Efflux In Uneven-Aged Managed Forests: Temporal Patterns Following Harvest And Effects Of Edaphic Heterogeneity", "description": "Forest management is expected to influence soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) as a result of changes in microclimatic conditions, soil proper- ties, and root dynamics. We measured FCO2 during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 in both gap and non-gap locations within stands ranging from 0 to 10 years after the most recent harvest in a selection-managed northern hard- wood forest in central Ontario, Canada. Soil temperature, moisture, pH, depth to bedrock, and organic matter content were also measured to examine relationships between FCO2 and soil properties. Timber harvesting resulted in large changes in FCO2 that varied with time since harvest. Immediately following harvest (year 0) FCO2 in gaps increased by ~55%, declined to 20- 40% below pre-harvest levels during years 1-3, and recovered to pre-harvest levels 5-6 years post-harvest. A similar temporal pattern, but with smaller changes, was found in non-gap locations within harvested stands. We suggest that the initial increase in FCO2 is due to a combination of root decay, soil disturbance, and increased soil temperature in gaps, while the subsequent decrease and recovery are caused by the gradual regrowth of active roots. We also found strong effects of soil temperature, depth to bedrock, and soil water content on FCO2; however, soil pH and soil organic matter concentration had no detect- able effects. Our results suggest that selection harvests mainly influence FCO2 through changes in tree root respiration, and that the net result is a decrease in FCO2 through the entire felling cycle.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuanying Peng, Sean C. Thomas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-03", "title": "Long Term Effects Of Manure, Charcoal And Mineral Fertilization On Crop Production And Fertility On A Highly Weathered Central Amazonian Upland Soil", "description": "Application of organic fertilizers and charcoal increase nutrient stocks in the rooting zone of crops, reduce nutrient leaching and thus improve crop production on acid and highly weathered tropical soils. In a field trial near Manaus (Brazil) 15 different amendment combinations based on equal amounts of carbon (C) applied through chicken manure (CM), compost, charcoal, and forest litter were tested during four cropping cycles with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in five replicates. CM amendments resulted in the highest (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) cumulative crop yield (12.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) over four seasons. Most importantly, surface soil pH, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were significantly enhanced by CM. A single compost application produced fourfold more grain yield (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) than plots mineral fertilized in split applications. Charcoal significantly improved plant growth and doubled grain production if fertilized with NPK in comparison to the NPK-fertilizer without charcoal (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The higher yields caused a significantly greater nutrient export in charcoal-amended fields, but available nutrients did not decrease to the same extent as on just mineral fertilized plots. Exchangeable soil aluminum (Al) was further reduced if mineral fertilizer was applied with charcoal (from 4.7 to 0\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121). The resilience of soil organic matter (SOM) in charcoal amended plots (8 and 4% soil C loss, mineral fertilized or not fertilized, respectively) indicates the refractory nature of charcoal in comparison to SOM losses over 20\u00a0months in CM (27%), compost amended (27%), and control plots (25% loss).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-08", "title": "Soil Microbial Community Composition And Structure: Residual Effects Of Contrasting N Fertilization Of Swine Lagoon Effluent Versus Ammonium Nitrate", "description": "Land application of swine lagoon effluent (SLE) often changes soil pH and the concentrations of nutrients and trace metals. We hypothesize that fertilization-associated alteration in soil properties would have long-lasting effects on soil microbial community and the effects would depend on fertilization rates. In this study, microbial community composition and structure were characterized with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Soils (0\u20137.5 cm depth) were sampled in March 2004 from the field plots planted with bermudagrass and tall fescue that received 0\u2013600 kg plant available N (PAN) ha\u22121 year\u22121 of SLE or ammonium nitrate (AN) from 1999 to 2001. We observed that PLFA profiles differed significantly (P < 0.05) between soils supplied with SLE versus AN, specifically at the highest application rate. PLFA profiles were strongly correlated with fertilization-associated changes in soil pH (Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and Mehlich III extractable Ca (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and Mg (r = 0.72, P < 0.01). In soils receiving 200 and 400 kg PAN ha\u22121 year\u22121 of SLE or AN, microbial community was enriched slightly with fungi (P < 0.01). In soils receiving 600 kg PAN ha\u22121 year\u22121 of SLE or AN, however, microbial community was stressed as evidenced by the reduction in microbial monounsaturated fatty acids and by the increase in the ratios of saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acids and of cyclopropyl fatty acids-to-their monoenoic precursors. These changes in PLFA biomarkers for stress were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with soil pH and Mehlich III extractable Ca and Mg, but not with soil properties such as total soil C, soluble soil organic C, soil inorganic N or Mehlich III extractable soil P. Our results indicated that soil microbial community was negatively affected when soils received SLE at an application rate of 600 kg PAN ha\u22121 year\u22121 in this forage production system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9219-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-23", "title": "Warming And Drought Alter Soil Phosphatase Activity And Soil P Availability In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "We conducted a field experiment simulating the warming and drought in a Mediterranean shrubland dominated by Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum with the aim to simulate the next future climate conditions predicted by the IPCC and ecophysiological models. As P is frequently a limiting nutrient in Mediterranean ecosystems, we investigated the drought and warming effects on soil phosphatases activities, soil P contents and availability, litter and leaf P concentration, and the capacity of this community to maintain soil P reserves and retain this nutrient in the ecosystem. Warming treatment increased soil and air temperature (an average of 1\u00b0C) and drought treatment decreased soil water content in one of the seasons analysed (28% in autum 2004). Warming increased (68%) the activities of soil acid phosphatases in summer and alkaline phosphatase activity (22%) in spring 2004, and increased P concentrations in E. multiflora. Instead, warming decreased P concentrations in litterfall of this same species, E. multiflora, and soil HCO3-extractable Pi (Olsen-Pi) in some seasons, decreasing total P soil concentration (37%) after 6 years of treatment. The drought treatment did not change soil phosphatase activities, nor available Pi. The effects of climate change on soil P dynamics in Mediterranean areas will thus be strongly dependent on whether the main variable involved in the local change is warming or drought. If warming is the main change without significant changes in water availability, the increases of biological activity can accelerate plant growth, P capture by plants and increase soil-phosphatase activity, altogether decreasing P contents in soil. If drought is the main change, a reduction in P demands by plants is expected, increasing P stocks in soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9131-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0#sec2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-08", "description": "Forest management is expected to influence soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) as a result of changes in microclimatic conditions, soil proper- ties, and root dynamics. We measured FCO2 during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 in both gap and non-gap locations within stands ranging from 0 to 10 years after the most recent harvest in a selection-managed northern hard- wood forest in central Ontario, Canada. Soil temperature, moisture, pH, depth to bedrock, and organic matter content were also measured to examine relationships between FCO2 and soil properties. Timber harvesting resulted in large changes in FCO2 that varied with time since harvest. Immediately following harvest (year 0) FCO2 in gaps increased by ~55%, declined to 20- 40% below pre-harvest levels during years 1-3, and recovered to pre-harvest levels 5-6 years post-harvest. A similar temporal pattern, but with smaller changes, was found in non-gap locations within harvested stands. We suggest that the initial increase in FCO2 is due to a combination of root decay, soil disturbance, and increased soil temperature in gaps, while the subsequent decrease and recovery are caused by the gradual regrowth of active roots. We also found strong effects of soil temperature, depth to bedrock, and soil water content on FCO2; however, soil pH and soil organic matter concentration had no detect- able effects. Our results suggest that selection harvests mainly influence FCO2 through changes in tree root respiration, and that the net result is a decrease in FCO2 through the entire felling cycle.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuanying Peng, Sean C. Thomas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0#sec2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0#sec2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0#sec2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9133-0#sec2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-08", "title": "Root Biomass And Nutrient Dynamics In A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem Under The Influence Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2", "description": "Elevated CO2 can increase fine root biomass but responses of fine roots to exposure to increased CO2 over many years are infrequently reported. We investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on root biomass and N and P pools of a scrub-oak ecosystem on Merritt Island in Florida, USA, after 7\u00a0years of CO2 treatment. Roots were removed from 1-m deep soil cores in 10-cm increments, sorted into different categories ( 1\u00a0cm, dead roots, and organic matter), weighed, and analyzed for N, P and C concentrations. With the exception of surface roots <0.25\u00a0mm diameter, there was no effect of elevated CO2 on root biomass. There was little effect on C, N, or P concentration or content with the exception of dead roots, and <0.25\u00a0mm and 1\u20132\u00a0mm diameter live roots at the surface. Thus, fine root mass and element content appear to be relatively insensitive to elevated CO2. In the top 10\u00a0cm of soil, biomass of roots with a diameter of <0.25\u00a0mm was depressed by elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 tended to decrease the mass and N content of dead roots compared to ambient CO2. A decreased N concentration of roots <0.25\u00a0mm and 1\u20132\u00a0mm in diameter under elevated CO2 may indicate reduced N supply in the elevated CO2 treatment. Our study indicated that elevated CO2 does not increase fine root biomass or the pool of C in fine roots. In fact, elevated CO2 tends to reduce biomass and C content of the most responsive root fraction (<0.25\u00a0mm roots), a finding that may have more general implications for understanding C input into the soil at higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9218-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-08", "title": "Effects Of Understory Removal, N Fertilization, And Litter Layer Removal On Soil N Cycling In A 13-Year-Old White Spruce Plantation Infested With Canada Bluejoint Grass", "description": "Canada bluejoint grass [Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv., referred to as bluejoint below] is a competitive understory species widely distributed in the boreal region in North America and builds up a thick litter layer that alters the soil surface microclimate in heavily infested sites. This study examined the effects of understory removal, N fertilization, and litter layer removal on litter decomposition, soil microbial biomass N (MBN), and net N mineralization and nitrification rates in LFH (the sum of organic horizons of litter, partially decomposed litter and humus on the soil surface) and mineral soil (0\u201310 cm) in a 13-year-old white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss] plantation infested with bluejoint in Alberta, Canada. Removal of the understory vegetation and the litter layer together significantly increased soil temperature at 10 cm below the mineral soil surface by 1.7 and 1.3\u00b0C in summer 2003 and 2004, respectively, resulting in increased net N mineralization (by 1.09 and 0.14 mg N kg\u22121 day\u22121 in LFH and mineral soil, respectively, in 2004) and net nitrification rates (by 0.10 and 0.20 mg N kg\u22121 day\u22121 in LFH and mineral soil, respectively, in 2004). When the understory vegetation was intact, nitrification might have been limited by NH4+ availability due to competition for N from bluejoint and other understory species. Litter layer removal increased litter decomposition rate (percentage mass loss per month) from 2.6 to 3.0% after 15 months of incubation. Nitrogen fertilization did not show consistent effects on soil MBN, but increased net N mineralization and nitrification rates as well as available N concentrations in the soil. Clearly, understory removal combined with N fertilization was most effective in increasing rates of litter decomposition, net N mineralization and nitrification, and soil N availability. The management of understory vegetation dominated by bluejoint in the boreal region should consider the strong effects of understory competition and the accumulated litter layer on soil N cycling and the implications for forest management.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9220-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Manipulated Increase In Acid Deposition On Soil, Soil Solution Chemistry And Fine Roots In Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) Stand On A Podzol", "description": "A manipulated increase in acid deposition (15\u00a0kg\u00a0S\u00a0ha\u22121), carried out for three months in a mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand on a podzol, acidified the soil and raised dissolved Al at concentrations above the critical level of 5\u00a0mg\u00a0l\u22121 previously determined in a controlled experiment with Scots pine seedlings. The induced soil acidification reduced tree fine root density and biomass significantly in the top 15\u00a0cm of soil in the field. The results suggested that the reduction in fine root growth was a response not simply to high Al in solution but to the depletion of exchangeable Ca and Mg in the organic layer, K deficiency, the increase in NH4:NO3 ratio in solution and the high proton input to the soil by the acid manipulation. The results from this study could not justify the hypothesis of Al-induced root damage under field conditions, at least not in the short term. However, the study suggests that a short exposure to soil acidity may affect the fine root growth of mature Scots pine.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9225-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-05", "title": "Synergistic Effect Of Inorganic N And P Fertilizers And Organic Inputs From Gliricidia Sepium On Productivity Of Intercropped Maize In Southern Malawi", "description": "In Malawi, N and P deficiencies have been identified as major soil fertility constraints to maize (Zea mays, hybrid NSCM 41) productivity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three rates of N and P fertilizers on maize performance in monoculture and maize intercropped with the nitrogen fixing legume gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) in replicated field trials run for four years (2002/03-2005/06 seasons) at Makoka, in southern Malawi. Significant season-to-season variation was found in stand loss, ears per plant, stover yield, grain yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW), which was related to distribution of rainfall received during the growing season. All variables were significantly higher in the gliricidia/maize intercrop compared with monoculture maize. During the four consecutive cropping seasons, grain yields of maize increased by 343% (i.e. from 0.94\u00a0tons\u00a0ha\u22121 in unfertilized sole maize to 4.17\u00a0tons\u00a0ha\u22121 in gliricidia/maize intercropping). Optimum synergistic effect on grain yield (38% increase over unfertilized gliricidia/maize) was obtained when half recommended N and P rates were combined with gliricidia indicating interspecific facilitation. Response surface modelling showed that the optimum combination of factors for maximum grain yield (4.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) in monoculture maize was 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, 31\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha-1 and 917\u00a0mm seasonal rainfall. In the gliricidia/maize intercrop, the stationary point had no unique maximum. Ridge analysis revealed that the estimated ridge of maximum grain yield (5.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) in the intercrop is when 69\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1, 37\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha-1 is applied and a seasonal rainfall of 977\u00a0mm is received. The total P uptake in the intercrop (14.3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1) was significantly higher than that in maize monoculture (6.6\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1). P uptake was significantly (P\u00a0=\u00a00.008) influenced by P fertilizer rate. Therefore, we conclude that combining inorganic N and P fertilizers with organic inputs from gliricidia has positive and synergistic effects on maize productivity in southern Malawi.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9247-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-23", "title": "Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Volcanic Soils Following Afforestation With Native Birch (Betula Pubescens) And Introduced Larch (Larix Sibirica) In Iceland", "description": "Afforestation has become an important tool for soil protection and land reclamation in Iceland. Nevertheless, the harsh climate and degraded soils are growth-limiting for trees, and little is know about changes in soil nutrients in maturing forests planted on the volcanic soils. In the present chronosequence study, changes in C, N and total P in soil (0\u201310 and 10\u201320 cm depth) and C and N in foliar tissue were investigated in stands of native Downy birch (Betula pubescens Enrh.) and the in Iceland introduced Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). The forest stands were between 14 and 97 years old and were established on heath land that had been treeless for centuries. Soils were Andosols derived from basaltic material and rhyolitic volcanic ash. A significant effect of tree species was only found for the N content in foliar tissue. Foliar N concentrations were significantly higher and foliar C/N ratios significantly lower in larch needles than in birch leaves. There was no effect of stand age. Changes in soil C and the soil nutrient status with time after afforestation were little significant. Soil C concentrations in 0\u201310 cm depth in forest stands older than 30 years were significantly higher than in heath land and forest stands younger than 30 years. This was attributed to a slow accumulation of organic matter. Soil N concentrations and soil Ptot were not affected by stand age. Nutrient pools in the two soil layers were calculated for an average weight of soil material (400 Mg soil ha\u22121 in 0\u201310 cm depth and 600 Mg soil ha\u22121 in 10\u201320 cm depth, respectively). Soil nutrient pools did not change significantly with time. Soil C pools were in average 23.6 Mg ha\u22121 in the upper soil layer and 16.9 Mg ha\u22121 in the lower soil layer. The highest annual increase in soil C under forest compared to heath land was 0.23 Mg C ha\u22121 year\u22121 in 0\u201310 cm depth calculated for the 53-year-old larch stand. Soil N pools were in average 1.0 Mg N ha\u22121 in both soil layers and did not decrease with time despite a low N deposition and the uptake and accumulation of N in biomass of the growing trees. Soil Ptot pools were in average 220 and 320 kg P ha\u22121 in the upper and lower soil layer, respectively. It was assumed that mycorrhizal fungi present in the stands had an influence on the availability of N and P to the trees.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Eva Ritter", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9279-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-28", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Pools And Productivity Relationships For A 34\u00a0Year Old Rice\u2013Wheat\u2013Jute Agroecosystem Under Different Fertilizer Treatments", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools are important in maintaining soil productivity and influencing the CO2 loading into the atmosphere. An attempt is made here to investigate into the dynamics of pools of SOC viz., total organic carbon (C tot), oxidisable organic carbon (C oc) and its four different fractions such as very labile (C frac 1), labile (C frac 2), less labile (C frac 3) and non-labile (C frac 4), microbial biomass carbon (C mic), mineralizable carbon (C min), and particulate organic carbon (C p) in relation to crop productivity using a 34\u00a0year old rice (Oryza sativa L)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L)\u2013jute (Corchorus olitorius L) cropping system with different management strategies (no fertilization, only N, NP, NPK and NPK\u2009+\u2009FYM) in the hot humid, subtropics of India. A fallow treatment was also included to compare the impact of cultivation vis-a-vis no cultivation. Cultivation over the years caused a net decrease, while balanced fertilization with NPK maintained the SOC pools at par with the fallow. Only 22% of the C applied as FYM was stabilized into SOC, while the rest got lost. Of the analysed pools, C frac 1, C mic, C p and C min were influenced most by the treatments imposed. Most of the labile pools were significantly correlated with each other and with the yield and sustainable yield index (SYI) of the studied system. Of them, C frac1, C min, C mic and C p explained higher per cent variability in the SYI and yield of the crops. Results suggest that because of low cost and ease of estimation and also for upkeeping environmental conditions, C frac1 may be used as a good indicator for assessment of soil as to its crop productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9319-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Root Distribution In Developing Stands Of Four Woody Crop Species Grown With Drip Irrigation And Fertilization", "description": "In forest trees, roots mediate such significant carbon fluxes as primary production and soil CO2 efflux. Despite the central role of roots in these critical processes, information on root distribution during stand establishment is limited, yet must be described to accurately predict how various forest types, which are growing with a range of resource limitations, might respond to environmental change. This study reports root length density and biomass development in young stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoidies Bartr.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) that have narrow, high resource site requirements, and compares them with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which have more robust site requirements. Fine roots ( 5 mm) were sampled to determine spatial distribution in response to fertilizer and irrigation treatments delivered through drip irrigation tubes. Root length density and biomass were predominately controlled by stand development, depth and proximity to drip tubes. After accounting for this spatial and temporal variation, there was a significant increase in RLD with fertilization and irrigation for all genotypes. The response to fertilization was greater than that of irrigation. Both fine and coarse roots responded positively to resources delivered through the drip tube, indicating a whole-root-system response to resource enrichment and not just a feeder root response. The plastic response to drip tube water and nutrient enrichment demonstrate the capability of root systems to respond to supply heterogeneity by increasing acquisition surface. Fine-root biomass, root density and specific root length were greater for broadleaved species than pine. Roots of all genotypes explored the rooting volume within 2 years, but this occurred faster and to higher root length densities in broadleaved species, indicating they had greater initial opportunity for resource acquisition than pine. Sweetgum\u2019s root characteristics and its response to resource availability were similar to the other broadleaved species, despite its functional resemblance to pine regarding robust site requirements. It was concluded that genotypes, irrigation and fertilization significantly influenced tree root system development, which varied spatially in response to resource-supply heterogeneity created by drip tubes. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in these stands will be used to interpret nutrient acquisition and soil respiration measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Crops", "Distribution", "Forests", "Functional Groups", "01 natural sciences", "Cottonwoods", "Biomass", "Trees Functional Groups", "Fertilizers", "Functionals", "Irrigation", "Respiration", "Sycamores", "Nutrients", "Root Length Density Soil Heterogeneity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vertical Root Distribution", "Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Spatial Distribution", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Stand Development", "Pines", "Plastics", "Woody Crops"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Coleman, Mark", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-23", "title": "Responses Of Rice And Winter Wheat To Free-Air Co2 Enrichment (China Face) At Rice/Wheat Rotation System", "description": "Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system at a Chinese rice\u2013wheat rotation field was constructed to investigate responses of rice and wheat crop growth to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization. A factorial experiment design was set up with two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (350 and 550\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) and N application rates (LN: 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for rice and 125\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for wheat; HN: 250\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for rice and wheat, respectively). Across the entire crop growing seasons, plant fractions (i.e. leaf, stem, ear and root) were differentiated at representative growth stages and analyzed using widely recognized parameters, relative growth rate (RGR) and allometric coefficient K a (RGR ratio of above ground to below ground plant biomass). The C/N ratio and phosphorus concentration of plant were also determined. Rice and wheat RGRs responded to elevated CO2 in different ways, i.e. wheat RGR was always stimulated by elevated CO2 while rice RGR seemed to be depressed between rice tillering to jointing stages. Elevated CO2 affected the plant fractions differentially. For example, rice leaf might be the most strongly affected organ by RGR analysis and by K a analysis it seems that elevated CO2 always led to higher below ground biomass (root) than above ground biomass. Besides, elevated CO2 usually resulted in a higher C/N ratio of plant due to its impact on N concentration instead of carbon. Regardless of CO2 treatment statistic analysis of rice and wheat RGR did not yield significant difference in plant growing patterns under LN and HN treatments, although LN always triggered a slightly higher C/N ratio of plant over the investigated period. Furthermore, it was generally observed that elevated CO2 could stimulate crop biomass to a greater extent under LN treatment than HN treatment. Phosphorus concentration of rice and wheat crop showed distinctive response to elevated CO2 and N constraint.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yong Han, Qing Zeng, Hongliang Ma, Hongliang Ma, Gang Liu, Zubin Xie, Jianguo Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9241-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-23", "title": "Season Mediates Herbivore Effects On Litter And Soil Microbial Abundance And Activity In A Semi-Arid Woodland", "description": "Herbivores can directly impact ecosystem function by altering litter quality of an ecosystem or indirectly by shifting the composition of microbial communities that mediate nutrient processes. We examined the effects of tree susceptibility and resis- tance to herbivory on litter microarthropod and soil microbial communities to test the general hypothesis that herbivore driven changes in litter inputs and soil microclimate will feedback to the microbial commu- nity. Our study population consisted of individual pinon pine trees that were either susceptible or resistant to the stem-boring moth (Dioryctria albovit- tella) and susceptible pinon pine trees from which the moth herbivores have been manually removed since 1982. Moth herbivory increased pinon litter nitrogen concentrations (16%) and decreased canopy precipi- tation interception (28%), both potentially significant factors influencing litter and soil microbial commu- nities. Our research resulted in three major findings: (1) In spite of an apparent increase in litter quality, herbivory did not change litter microarthropod abun- dance or species richness. (2) However, susceptibility to herbivores strongly influenced bulk soil microbial communities (i.e., 52% greater abundance beneath herbivore-resistant and herbivore-removal trees than susceptible trees) and alkaline phosphatase activity (i.e., 412% increase beneath susceptible trees relative to other groups). (3) Season had a strong influence on microbial communities (i.e., microbial biomass and alkaline phosphatase activity increased after the summer rains), and their response to herbivore inputs, in this semi-arid ecosystem. Thus, during the dry season plant resistance and susceptibility to a common insect herbivore had little or no observable effects on the belowground organisms and processes we studied, but after the rains, some pronounced effects emerged.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Steven T. Overby, Aim\u00e9e T. Classen, Aim\u00e9e T. Classen, Stephen C. Hart, George W. Koch, Thomas G. Whitham,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-12", "title": "Response Of Soil Respiration To Simulated N Deposition In A Disturbed And A Rehabilitated Tropical Forest In Southern China", "description": "Responses of soil respiration (CO2 emission) to simulated N deposition were studied in a disturbed (reforested forest with previous understory and litter harvesting) and a rehabilitated (reforested forest with no understory and litter harvesting) tropical forest in southern China from October 2005 to September 2006. The objectives of the study were to test the following hypotheses: (1) soil respiration is higher in rehabilitated forest than in disturbed forest; (2) soil respiration in both rehabilitated and disturbed tropical forests is stimulated by N additions; and (3) soil respiration is more sensitive to N addition in disturbed forest than in rehabilitated forest due to relatively low soil nutrient status in the former, resulting from different previous human disturbance. Static chamber and gas chromatography techniques were employed to quantify the soil respiration, following different N treatments (Control, no N addition; Low-N, 5\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121; Medium-N, 10\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121), which had been applied continuously for 26\u00a0months before the respiration measurement. Results showed that soil respiration exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rates observed in the hot and wet growing season (April\u2013September) and the lowest rates in winter (December\u2013February) in both rehabilitated and disturbed forests. Soil respiration rates exhibited significant positive exponential relationship with soil temperature and significant positive linear relationship with soil moisture. Soil respiration was also significantly higher in the rehabilitated forest than in the disturbed forest. Annual mean soil respiration rate in the rehabilitated forest was 20% lower in low-N plots (71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mg CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) and 10% lower in medium-N plots (80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) than in the control plots (89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121), and the differences between the control and low-N or medium-N treatments were statistically significant. In disturbed forest, annual mean soil respiration rate was 5% lower in low-N plots (63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) and 8% lower in medium-N plots (61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121) than in the control plots (66\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mg\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121), but the differences among treatments were not significant. The depressed effects of experimental N deposition occurred mostly in the hot and wet growing season. Our results suggest that response of soil respiration to elevated N deposition in the reforested tropical forests may vary depending on the status of human disturbance.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9303-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-27", "title": "Sustaining Productivity Of Wheat-Soybean Cropping System Through Integrated Nutrient Management Practices On The Vertisols Of Central India", "description": "Wheat\u2013soybean is one of the most dominant cropping systems on the Vertisols of central India. Cultivation of durum wheat in winter season (November to April) has a considerable potential due to congenial climate, while soybean in rainy season (June to October) has witnessed a phenomenal growth in the last two decades in the region. Beside including a legume (soybean) in sequence with a cereal crop (wheat), combined use of available organic sources along with chemical fertilizers may prove beneficial for long-term productivity and sustainability of the system. A long-term experiment was conducted during 1995\u20132000 on the fine-textured Vertisols at Indore, India to study the effect of combined use of farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure, vermicompost and biofertilizers (Azotobacter + phosphate solubilizing bacteria) with 0.5 and 1.0 NPK (120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 33.3 kg K ha\u22121) on wheat, and residual effect on following soybean. Grain yield of aestivum wheat in the initial 2 years and durum wheat in the later 3 years was significantly increased with 0.5 NPK + poultry manure at 2.5 t ha\u22121 or FYM at 10 t ha\u22121 compared with 0.5 NPK alone, and was on par with 1.0 NPK. However, the highest productivity was obtained when these organic sources were applied along with 1.0 NPK. Quality parameters of durum wheat viz protein content, hectolitre weight and sedimentation value showed improvement, and yellow berry content was significantly lower with combined use of NPK + organic sources compared with NPK alone and control. Soybean did not show much response to residual effect of nutrient management treatments applied to wheat. Wheat gave higher profit than soybean, particularly in the later years due to lower grain yields and market price of soybean. However, the superiority of FYM as well as poultry manure along with 1.0 NPK was evident on the overall profitability of the system. Various soil fertility parameters including chemical and biological properties showed conspicuous improvement over the initial status under the treatments of FYM and poultry manure. Sustainability yield index was maximum under 1.0 NPK, followed by 1.0 NPK + poultry manure or FYM. It was concluded that application of available organic sources, particularly FYM and poultry manure along with full recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to wheat was essential for improving productivity, grain quality, profitability, soil health and sustainability of wheat\u2013soybean system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9332-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-13", "title": "Standing Fine Root Mass And Production In Four Chinese Subtropical Forests Along A Succession And Species Diversity Gradient", "description": "The influences of succession and species diversity on fine root production are not well known in forests. This study aimed to investigate: (i) whether fine root biomass and production increased with successional stage and increasing tree species diversity; (ii) how forest type affected seasonal variation and regrowth of fine roots. Sequential coring and ingrowth core methods were used to measure fine root production in four Chinese subtropical forests differing in successional stages and species diversity. Fine root biomass increased from 262\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122 to 626\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122 with increasing successional stage and species diversity. A similar trend was also found for fine root production, which increased from 86 to 114\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation to 211\u2013240\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for Choerospondias axillaries forest when estimated with sequential coring data. Fine root production calculated using the ingrowth core data ranged from 186\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for C. lanceolata plantation to 513\u00a0g\u00b7m\u22122\u00a0yr \u22121 for Lithocarpus glaber \u2013 Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest. Fine root biomass and production increased along a successional gradient and increasing tree species diversity in subtropical forests. Fine roots in forests with higher species diversity exhibited higher seasonal variation and regrowth rate.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1998-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-13", "title": "Soil-Vegetation Relationships In Cerrados Under Different Fire Frequencies", "description": "Fire is an important ecological factor that structures savannas, such as the cerrado, by selecting plant species and altering soil nutrient content. In Emas National Park, central Brazil, we compared soils under three different fire regimes and their relationship to the cerrado species they support. We collected 25 soil and vegetation samples at each site. We found differences in soil characteristics (p < 0.05), with fertility and fire frequency positively related: in the annually burned site we found higher values of organic matter, nitrogen, and clay, whereas in the protected site we detected lower values of pH and higher values of aluminum. We also observed differences in plant community structure, with distinct floristic compositions in each site. Floristic composition was more related to sand proportion (intra-set correlation = 0.834). Different fire frequencies increase environmental heterogeneity and beta diversity in the Brazilian cerrado.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marco Ant\u00f4nio Batalha, Danilo Muniz da Silva,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9660-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9380-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-05", "title": "Effect Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Concentration On Soil And Root Respiration In Winter Wheat By Using A Respiration Partitioning Chamber", "description": "Soil respiration in a cropland is the sum of heterotrophic (mainly microorganisms) and autotrophic (root) respiration. The contribution of both these types to soil respiration needs to be understood to evaluate the effects of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. In this paper, the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on hetero- and autotrophic respiration in a wheat field were differentiated and evaluated by a novel split-root growth and gas collection system. Elevated atmospheric pCO2 of approximately 200\u00a0\u03bcmol mol\u22121 above the ambient pCO2 significantly increased soil respiration by 15.1 and 14.8% at high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) application rates, respectively. The effect of elevated atmospheric pCO2 on root respiration was not consistent across the wheat growth stages. Elevated pCO2 significantly increased and decreased root respiration at the booting-heading stage (middle stage) and the late-filling stage (late stage), respectively, in HN and LN treatments; however, no significant effect was found at the jointing stage (early stage). Thus, the effect of increased pCO2 on cumulative root respiration for the entire wheat growing season was not significant. Cumulative root respiration accounted for approximately 25\u201330% of cumulative soil respiration in the entire wheat growing season. Consequently, cumulative microbial respiration (soil respiration minus root respiration) increased by 22.5 and 21.1% due to elevated pCO2 in HN and LN, respectively. High nitrogen application significantly increased root respiration at the late stage under both elevated pCO2 and ambient pCO2; however, no significant effects were found on cumulative soil respiration, root respiration, and microbial respiration. These findings suggest that heterotrophic respiration, which is influenced by increased substrate supplies from the plant to the soil, is the key process to determine C emission from agro-ecosystems with regard to future scenarios of enriched pCO2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. 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