Drylands (hyperarid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid ecosystems) cover almost half of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s land surface and are highly vulnerable to environmental pressures. Here we provide an inventory of soil properties including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks within the current boundaries of drylands, aimed at serving as a benchmark in the face of future challenges including increased population, food security, desertification, and climate change. Aridity limits plant production and results in poorly developed soils, with coarse texture, low C:N and C:P, scarce organic matter, and high vulnerability to erosion. Dryland soils store 646 Pg of organic C to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m, the equivalent of 32% of the global soil organic C pool. The magnitude of the historic loss of C from dryland soils due to human land use and cover change and their typically low C:N and C:P suggest high potential to build up soil organic matter, but coarse soil textures may limit protection and stabilization processes. Restoring, preserving, and increasing soil organic matter in drylands may help slow down rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering C, and is strongly needed to enhance food security and reduce the risk of land degradation and desertification.We investigated how the legacy of warming and summer drought affected microbial communities in five different replicated long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>10\uffc2\uffa0years) field experiments across Europe (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90FP7 INCREASE infrastructure). To focus explicitly on legacy effects (i.e., indirect rather than direct effects of the environmental factors), we measured microbial variables under the same moisture and temperature in a brief screening, and following a pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90incubation at stable conditions. Specifically, we investigated the size and composition of the soil microbial community (PLFA) alongside measurements of bacterial (leucine incorporation) and fungal (acetate in ergosterol incorporation) growth rates, previously shown to be highly responsive to changes in environmental factors, and microbial respiration. We found no legacy effects on the microbial community size, composition, growth rates, or basal respiration rates at the effect sizes used in our experimental setup (0.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, about 30% precipitation reduction). Our findings support previous reports from single short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecosystem studies thereby providing a clear evidence base to allow long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale generalizations to be made. The implication of our study is that warming and summer drought will not result in legacy effects on the microbial community and their processes within the effect sizes here studied. While legacy effects on microbial processes during perturbation cycles, such as drying\uffe2\uff80\uff93rewetting, and on tolerance to drought and warming remain to be studied, our results suggest that any effects on overall ecosystem processes will be rather limited. Thus, the legacies of warming and drought should not be prioritized factors to consider when modeling contemporary rates of biogeochemical processes in soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "Hot Temperature", "Bacteria", "soil C cycle", "Climate Change", "global climate change", "warming adaptation", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "6. Clean water", "ecosystem service", "Droughts", "Europe", "Leucine", "13. Climate action", "temperature acclimation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Acetic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-10", "title": "High-Yield Maize With Large Net Energy Yield And Small Global Warming Intensity", "description": "Addressing concerns about future food supply and climate change requires management practices that maximize productivity per unit of arable land while reducing negative environmental impact. On-farm data were evaluated to assess energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of irrigated maize in Nebraska that received large nitrogen (N) fertilizer (183 kg of N\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and irrigation water inputs (272 mm or 2,720 m 3 ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). Although energy inputs (30 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) were larger than those reported for US maize systems in previous studies, irrigated maize in central Nebraska achieved higher grain and net energy yields (13.2 Mg\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 159 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 , respectively) and lower GHG-emission intensity (231 kg of CO 2 e\uffe2\uff8b\uff85Mg \uffe2\uff88\uff921 of grain). Greater input-use efficiencies, especially for N fertilizer, were responsible for better performance of these irrigated systems, compared with much lower-yielding, mostly rainfed maize systems in previous studies. Large variation in energy inputs and GHG emissions across irrigated fields in the present study resulted from differences in applied irrigation water amount and imbalances between applied N inputs and crop N demand, indicating potential to further improve environmental performance through better management of these inputs. Observed variation in N-use efficiency, at any level of applied N inputs, suggests that an N-balance approach may be more appropriate for estimating soil N 2 O emissions than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change approach based on a fixed proportion of applied N. Negative correlation between GHG-emission intensity and net energy yield supports the proposition that achieving high yields, large positive energy balance, and low GHG emissions in intensive cropping systems are not conflicting goals.
", "keywords": ["land use change", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "330", "Databases", " Factual", "Plant Sciences", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Nebraska", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop intensification", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agro-ecosystem", "Fertilizers", "environmental footprint"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grassini, Patricio, Cassman, Kenneth,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116399", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-27", "title": "One-time freeze-thawing or carbon input events have long-term legacies in soil microbial communities", "description": "Soil microbial communities are regularly exposed to sudden changes in environmental conditions, such as root exudation pulses or freeze-thaw events. As microbial communities have a high potential to adapt to changing conditions, they are expected to be resilient towards this kind of short-term perturbations and return to their pre-perturbed state quickly. Here, we conducted a lab incubation experiment to evaluate the resilience of soil microbial communities to single-pulse perturbations.Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.How much can we increase biomass yield by promoting land conversion from annual to perennial crops? Will increased biomass extraction for biorefineries reduce soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stock? Which cropping system is more stable for biomass production over time? To our knowledge, no study has concurrently investigated the effects of land conversion from annual to perennial crops on biomass yield, yield stability, and changes in SOC and TN stock, which limits the understanding and application of sustainable agroecosystems producing biomass for biorefineries. Based on five-year continuous observations in central Jutland Denmark, our results showed that perennial crops significantly increased biomass yield by 19% and yield stability by 88% compared to annual crops. Perennial crops significantly increased SOC content by 4% and SOC stock by 11% at 0\u2013100 cm depth across the five years. The opposite responses of SOC content and stock under annual and perennial crops led to even more significant differences between the crop types. Perennial crops had no effect on soil TN content and increased soil TN stock to one meter depth by 22%, whereas continuous annual crops had no effect on it. Neither annual nor perennial crops had effects on SOC and TN stock when estimated based on equivalent soil mass because the soil density increased under perennial crops. Our results showed that changes in SOC and TN stock between annual and perennial crops varied with the specific calculating methods (fixed depth/equivalent mass), thus the selected methods should be clearly defined in the future research. Increases in SOC content at one meter depth were positively correlated with biomass yield and yield stability, suggesting a win-win strategy for climate mitigation and food security. Altogether, our results highlight the potential to redesign the current cropping system for sustainable intensification by selecting proper perennial crops for green biorefineries.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yield stability", "Sustainable agroecosystem", "13. Climate action", "Annual crop", "Biomass yield", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Perennial crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1489", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-20", "title": "Limits On Carbon Sequestration In Arid Blue Carbon Ecosystems", "description": "AbstractCoastal ecosystems produce and sequester significant amounts of carbon (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cblue carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), which has been well documented in humid and semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90humid regions of temperate and tropical climates but less so in arid regions where mangroves, marshes, and seagrasses exist near the limit of their tolerance for extreme temperature and salinity. To better understand these unique systems, we measured whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystem carbon stocks in 58 sites across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in natural and planted mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, microbial mats, and coastal sabkha (inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and supratidal unvegetated salt flats). Natural mangroves held significantly more carbon in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground biomass than other vegetated ecosystems. Planted mangrove carbon stocks increased with age, but there were large differences for sites of similar age. Soil carbon varied widely across sites (2\uffe2\uff80\uff93367 Mg C/ha), with ecosystem averages that ranged from 49 to 156 Mg C/ha. For the first time, microbial mats were documented to contain soil carbon pools comparable to vascular plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystems, and could arguably be recognized as a unique blue carbon ecosystem. Total ecosystem carbon stocks ranged widely from 2 to 515 Mg C/ha (seagrass bed and mangrove, respectively). Seagrass beds had the lowest carbon stock per unit area, but the largest stock per total area due to their large spatial coverage. Compared to similar ecosystems globally, mangroves and marshes in the UAE have lower plant and soil carbon stocks; however, the difference in soil stocks is far larger than with plant stocks. This incongruent difference between stocks is likely due to poor carbon preservation under conditions of weakly reduced soils (200\uffe2\uff80\uff93350\uffc2\uffa0mV), coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained sediments, and active shoreline migration. This work represents the first attempt to produce a country\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide coastal ecosystem carbon accounting using a uniform sampling protocol, and was motivated by specific policy goals identified by the Abu Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative. These carbon stock data supported two objectives: to quantify carbon stocks and infer sequestration capacity in arid blue carbon ecosystems, and to explore the potential to incorporate blue carbon science into national reporting and planning documents.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "Alismatales", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Life Sciences", "United Arab Emirates", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1489"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1489", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1489", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1489"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-26", "title": "Comprehensive Comparison Of Gap-Filling Techniques For Eddy Covariance Net Carbon Fluxes", "description": "Abstract We review 15 techniques for estimating missing values of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) in eddy covariance time series and evaluate their performance for different artificial gap scenarios based on a set of 10 benchmark datasets from six forested sites in Europe. The goal of gap filling is the reproduction of the NEE time series and hence this present work focuses on estimating missing NEE values, not on editing or the removal of suspect values in these time series due to systematic errors in the measurements (e.g., nighttime flux, advection). The gap filling was examined by generating 50 secondary datasets with artificial gaps (ranging in length from single half-hours to 12 consecutive days) for each benchmark dataset and evaluating the performance with a variety of statistical metrics. The performance of the gap filling varied among sites and depended on the level of aggregation (native half-hourly time step versus daily), long gaps were more difficult to fill than short gaps, and differences among the techniques were more pronounced during the day than at night. The non-linear regression techniques (NLRs), the look-up table (LUT), marginal distribution sampling (MDS), and the semi-parametric model (SPM) generally showed good overall performance. The artificial neural network based techniques (ANNs) were generally, if only slightly, superior to the other techniques. The simple interpolation technique of mean diurnal variation (MDV) showed a moderate but consistent performance. Several sophisticated techniques, the dual unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the multiple imputation method (MIM), the terrestrial biosphere model (BETHY), but also one of the ANNs and one of the NLRs showed high biases which resulted in a low reliability of the annual sums, indicating that additional development might be needed. An uncertainty analysis comparing the estimated random error in the 10 benchmark datasets with the artificial gap residuals suggested that the techniques are already at or very close to the noise limit of the measurements. Based on the techniques and site data examined here, the effect of gap filling on the annual sums of NEE is modest, with most techniques falling within a range of \u00b125\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121 .", "keywords": ["Net ecosystem exchange (NEE)", "Gap-filling comparison", "550", "FLUXNET", "0207 environmental engineering", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Carbon flux", "Review of gap-filling techniques", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-25", "title": "Leaf And Ecosystem Response To Soil Water Availability In Mountain Grasslands", "description": "Climate change is expected to affect the Alps by increasing the frequency and intensity of summer drought events with negative impacts on ecosystem water resources. The response of CO2 and H2O exchange of a mountain grassland to natural fluctuations of soil water content was evaluated during 2001-2009. In addition, the physiological performance of individual mountain forb and graminoid plant species under progressive soil water shortage was explored in a laboratory drought experiment. During the 9-year study period the natural occurrence of moderately to extremely dry periods did not lead to substantial reductions in net ecosystem CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration. Laboratory drought experiments confirmed that all the surveyed grassland plant species were insensitive to progressive soil drying until very low soil water contents (<0.01 m3 m-3) were reached after several days of drought. In field conditions, such a low threshold was never reached. Re-watering after a short-term drought event (5\u00b11 days) resulted in a fast and complete recovery of the leaf CO2 and H2O gas exchange of the investigated plant species. We conclude that the present-day frequency and intensity of dry periods does not substantially affect the functioning of the investigated grassland ecosystem. During dry periods the observed 'water spending' strategy employed by the investigated mountain grassland species is expected to provide a cooling feedback on climate warming, but may have negative consequences for down-stream water users.", "keywords": ["Drought", "Evapotranspiration", "Montane ecosystem", "13. Climate action", "0207 environmental engineering", "Climate change", "02 engineering and technology", "Photosynthesis", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "The Impact Of Changes In The Timing Of Precipitation On The Herbaceous Understorey Of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Woodlands", "description": "Abstract Climate change scenarios for the Iberian Peninsula predict increasing temperatures and increasingly variable precipitation regimes, which will challenge the sustainability and biodiversity of Mediterranean ecosystems such as the semi-natural evergreen oak woodlands. To assess the effects of precipitation variability on productivity, species composition and vegetation gas exchange of the understorey vegetation in a typical managed cork oak woodland, a large-scale rainfall manipulation experiment was established. We studied the impacts of a change in the timing of precipitation events on this ecosystem, without altering total annual precipitation inputs. The two water manipulation treatments were: \u2018weekly watering treatment\u2019, where natural conditions were simulated with a normal dry period of 7 days, and \u20183-weekly watering treatment\u2019, with the normal dry period increased three-fold to 21 days. Our experimental precipitation patterns resulted in significant differences in temporal soil moisture dynamics between the two treatments. Average soil water content (SWC) at 3\u00a0cm depth during the growing season was 16.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.17% and 15.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.18% in the weekly and 3-weekly watering treatments, respectively, with a mere 5% increase in the variability of SWC when extending the dry period from one to three weeks. Water infiltration into deeper soil layers (>50\u00a0cm) was significantly higher in the 3-weekly watering treatment as compared to the weekly watering treatment. This might be beneficial to Quercus suber, the tree component in this ecosystem, as its extensive tree root system enables water acquisition from deeper soil layers. However, manipulation of the within-season precipitation variability, with a shift to fewer, but larger rain events, without change in total precipitation amount, had no significant effect on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and species composition, with average values of peak biomass of 385\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 222\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 for ANPP and BNPP, respectively. The experimental precipitation patterns did not result in significant differences in the vegetation gas exchange between the two watering treatments. The CO2 and H2O exchange parameters correlated well with air temperature. In addition, evapotranspiration showed a good correlation with SWC. Incorporating the data of SWC in the conceptual \u2018bucket model\u2019 showed that, independently of the watering regime, soil water availability during the life-cycle of these annual plants did not reach severe water stress conditions, which can explain the lack of a significant treatment effect in our study. In addition, our results showed that the annual plant community in these Mediterranean ecosystems is well adapted to short-term drought, through their phenological patterns and physiological adaptations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mediterranean Ecosystem", "species composition", "precipitation variability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "primary productivity", "climate change", "herbaceous understorey", "vegetation gas exchange", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:13:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-19", "title": "Toward More Realistic Projections Of Soil Carbon Dynamics By Earth System Models", "description": "AbstractSoil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and flux\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near\uffe2\uff80\uff90term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields.
", "keywords": ["550", "LAND MODELS", "Oceanography", "HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "Geoinformatics", "GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE", "DATA-ASSIMILATION", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY", "CMIP5", "MICROBIAL MODELS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Earth system models", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS", "Climate Action", "Geochemistry", "Climate change impacts and adaptation", "realistic projections", "13. Climate action", "recommendations", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon dynamics", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "PARAMETER-ESTIMATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1pw7g2r2/qt1pw7g2r2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2016WR020175", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:13:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-11", "title": "The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources", "description": "AbstractThe fate of the terrestrial biosphere is highly uncertain given recent and projected changes in climate. This is especially acute for impacts associated with changes in drought frequency and intensity on the distribution and timing of water availability. The development of effective adaptation strategies for these emerging threats to food and water security are compromised by limitations in our understanding of how natural and managed ecosystems are responding to changing hydrological and climatological regimes. This information gap is exacerbated by insufficient monitoring capabilities from local to global scales. Here, we describe how evapotranspiration (ET) represents the key variable in linking ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources, and highlight both the outstanding science and applications questions and the actions, especially from a space\uffe2\uff80\uff90based perspective, necessary to advance them.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ecosystem", "biosphere", "changement climatique", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "satellite", "evapotranspiration", "drought", "disponibilit\u00e9 en eau", "15. Life on land", "global", "water resources", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "climate", "global change", "agriculture", "s\u00e9cheresse", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016WR020175"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020175"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016WR020175", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016WR020175", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016WR020175"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.10086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-18", "title": "Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even\u2010aged boreal forests", "description": "Abstract
Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.
Two years after a large wildfire in managed even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).
While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf\uffe2\uff80\uff90shrub Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity.
Synthesis: Our results 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of stand structure and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species composition of even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged P.\uffe2\uff80\uff89sylvestris boreal forests.
Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "OPEROPHTERA-BRUMATA", "MOTH HERBIVORY", "insect herbivory", "NUTRIENT RESORPTION", "EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA", "PLANT DEFENSES", "space\u2010for\u2010time substitution", "carbon cycling", "01 natural sciences", "fast cycle versus slow cycle", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "MOUNTAIN BIRCH", "Subarctic mountain birch forest", "QH540-549.5", "Original Research", "Ekologi", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Ecology", "LEAF-AREA INDEX", "space-for-time substitution", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "Climate Science", "ECOSYSTEM CARBON", "13. Climate action", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-26", "title": "Community Structure Dynamics And Carbon Stock Change Of Rehabilitated Mangrove Forests In Sulawesi, Indonesia", "description": "AbstractTo date, discourse associated with the potential application of \uffe2\uff80\uff9cblue carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff9d within real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world carbon markets has focused on blue carbon as a mitigation strategy in the context of avoided deforestation (e.g., REDD+). Here, we report structural dynamics and carbon storage gains from mangrove sites that have undergone rehabilitation to ascertain whether reforestation can complement conservation activities and warrant project investment. Replicated sites at two locations with contrasting geomorphic conditions were selected, Tiwoho and Tanakeke on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. These locations are representative of high (Tiwoho, deep muds and silty substrates) and low (Tanakeke, shallow, coralline sands) productivity mangrove ecosystems. They share a similar management history of clearing and conversion for aquaculture before restorative activities were undertaken using the practice of Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation (EMR). Species diversity and mean biomass carbon storage gains after 10\uffc2\uffa0yr of regrowth from the high productivity sites of Tiwoho (49.2\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa09.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are already almost of one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third of mean biomass stocks exhibited by mature forests (167.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa030.3\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Tiwoho's EMR sites, on average, will have offset\uffc2\uffa0all biomass C that was initially lost through conversion within the next 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, a finding in marked contrast to the minimal carbon gains observed on the low productivity, low diversity, coral atoll EMR sites of Tanakeke (1.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.4 Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). These findings highlight the importance of geomorphic and biophysical site selection if the primary purpose of EMR is intended to maximize carbon sequestration gains.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Indonesia", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Biomass", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1810", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-04", "title": "A framework for scaling sustainable land management options", "description": "AbstractImprovements in land use and management are needed at a global scale to tackle interconnected global challenges of population growth, poverty, migration, climate change, biodiversity loss, and degrading land and water resources. There are hundreds of technical options for improving the sustainability of land management and preventing or reversing degradation, but there are many sociocultural, institutional, economic, and policy barriers hindering their adoption at large scale. To tackle this challenge, the Dryland Systems Program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification convened an expert group to consider barriers and incentives to scaling technologies, processes, policies, or institutional arrangements. The group reviewed existing frameworks for scaling sustainable land management (SLM) interventions across a range of contexts and identified eight critical actions for success: (a) plan iteratively; (b) consistently fund; (c) select SLM options for scaling based on best available evidence; (d) identify and engage with stakeholders at all scales; (e) build capacity for scaling; (f) foster institutional leadership and policy change to support scaling; (g) achieve early benefits and incentives for as many stakeholders as possible; and (h) monitor, evaluate, and communicate. Incentives for scaling were identified for the private sector, farmers and their communities, and policy makers. Based on these findings, a new action framework for scaling is presented that analyses the contexts where specific SLM interventions can be scaled, so that SLM options can be screened and adapted to these contexts, piloted and disseminated. The framework can help countries achieve land degradation neutrality.Biodiversity is a major driver of numerous ecosystem functions. However, consequences of changes in forest biodiversity remain difficult to predict because of limited knowledge about how tree diversity influences ecosystem functions. Litter decomposition is a key process affecting nutrient cycling, productivity, and carbon storage and can be influenced by plant biodiversity. Leaf litter species composition, environmental conditions, and the detritivore community are main components of the decomposition process, but their complex interactions are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the effect of tree functional diversity (FD) on litter decomposition in a field experiment manipulating tree diversity and partitioned the effects of litter physiochemical diversity and the detritivore community. We used litterbags with different mesh sizes to separate the effects of microorganisms and microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna and monitored soil fauna using pitfall traps and earthworm extractions. We hypothesized that higher tree litter FD accelerates litter decomposition due to the availability of complementary food components and higher activity of detritivores. Although we did not find direct effects of tree FD on litter decomposition, we identified key litter traits and macrodetritivores that explained part of the process. Litter mass loss was found to decrease with an increase in leaf litter carbon:nitrogen ratio. Moreover, litter mass loss increased with an increasing density of epigeic earthworms, with most pronounced effects in litterbags with a smaller mesh size, indicating indirect effects. Higher litter FD and litter nutrient content were found to increase the density of surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling macrofauna and epigeic earthworm biomass. Based on structural equation modeling, we conclude that tree FD has a weak positive effect on soil surface litter decomposition by increasing the density of epigeic earthworms and that litter nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90related traits play a central role in tree composition effects on soil fauna and decomposition.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "BIOTREE", "Ecology", "577", "macrodetritivores", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem function", "litter mass loss", "litter traits", "13. Climate action", "decomposers", "QH540-549.5", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.6474"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6474"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.6474", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.6474", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.6474"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecm.1507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-09", "title": "Lessons learned from a long\u2010term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning", "description": "AbstractClimate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.The widely observed positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is thought to be substantially driven by complementary resource use of plant species. Recent work suggests that biotic interactions among plants and between plants and soil organisms drive key aspects of resource use complementarity. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for integrating positive biotic interactions across guilds of organisms, more specifically between plants and mycorrhizal types, to explain resource use complementarity in plants and its consequences for plant competition. Our overarching hypothesis is that ecosystem functioning increases when more plant species associate with functionally dissimilar mycorrhizal fungi because differing mycorrhizal types will increase coverage of habitat space for and reduce competition among plants. We introduce a recently established field experiment (MyDiv) that uses different pools of tree species that associate with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi to create orthogonal experimental gradients in tree species richness and mycorrhizal associations and present initial results. Finally, we discuss options for future mechanistic studies on resource use complementarity within MyDiv. We show how mycorrhizal types and biotic interactions in MyDiv can be used in the future to test novel questions regarding the mechanisms underlying biodiversity\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecosystem function relationships.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "experimental design", "Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "ectomycorrhiza", "Article", "biotic interactions", "03 medical and health sciences", "biodiversity effects", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2137", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-10", "title": "Ecological drivers of soil microbial diversity and soil biological networks in the Southern Hemisphere", "description": "AbstractThe ecological drivers of soil biodiversity in the Southern Hemisphere remain underexplored. Here, in a continental survey comprising 647 sites, across 58 degrees of latitude between tropical Australia and Antarctica, we evaluated the major ecological patterns in soil biodiversity and relative abundance of ecological clusters within a co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence network of soil bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Six major ecological clusters (modules) of co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring soil taxa were identified. These clusters exhibited strong shifts in their relative abundances with increasing distance from the equator. Temperature was the major environmental driver of the relative abundance of ecological clusters when Australia and Antarctica are analyzed together. Temperature, aridity, soil properties and vegetation types were the major drivers of the relative abundance of different ecological clusters within Australia. Our data supports significant reductions in the diversity of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes in Antarctica vs. Australia linked to strong reductions in temperature. However, we only detected small latitudinal variations in soil biodiversity within Australia. Different environmental drivers regulate the diversity of soil archaea (temperature and soil carbon), bacteria (aridity, vegetation attributes and pH) and eukaryotes (vegetation type and soil carbon) across Australia. Together, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving soil biodiversity in the Southern Hemisphere.The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.
", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/etc.4147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-10", "title": "Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects-An updated review", "description": "Abstract \uffe2\uff80\uff83The present review covers developments in studies of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment since our much cited review in 2008. We discuss novel insights into fate and behavior, metrology, transformations, bioavailability, toxicity mechanisms, and environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Overall, the findings were that: 1) despite substantial developments, critical gaps remain, in large part due to the lack of analytical, modeling, and field capabilities, and also due to the breadth and complexity of the area; 2) a key knowledge gap is the lack of data on environmental concentrations and dosimetry generally; 3) substantial evidence shows that there are nanospecific effects (different from the effects of both ions and larger particles) on the environment in terms of fate, bioavailability, and toxicity, but this is not consistent for all NMs, species, and relevant processes; 4) a paradigm is emerging that NMs are less toxic than equivalent dissolved materials but more toxic than the corresponding bulk materials; and 5) translation of incompletely understood science into regulation and policy continues to be challenging. There is a developing consensus that NMs may pose a relatively low environmental risk, but because of uncertainty and lack of data in many areas, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. In addition, this emerging consensus will likely change rapidly with qualitative changes in the technology and increased future discharges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2029\uffe2\uff80\uff932063. \uffc2\uffa9 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
", "keywords": ["aquatic and soil organisms", "hazard/risk assessment", "Nanoecotoxicity", "Biological Availability", "Environmental Exposure", "Nanometrology", "Aquatic and soil organisms; Nanometrology; Hazard/risk assessment; Nanoecotoxicity; Nanomaterials", "Ecotoxicology", "nanometrology", "01 natural sciences", "Nanostructures", "nanoecotoxicity", "13. Climate action", "Aquatic and soil organisms", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Hazard/risk assessment", "Ecosystem", "Nanomaterials", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.4147"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4147"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Toxicology%20and%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/etc.4147", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/etc.4147", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/etc.4147"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/etc.5400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-09", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Need for a Meaningful Regulatory Plant Protection Product Testing Strategy", "description": "AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform key soil ecosystem services and, because of their symbiotic relationship with plant roots, may be exposed to the plant protection products (PPPs) applied to soils and crops. In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a scientific opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of PPPs for in-soil organisms, recommending the inclusion of AMF ecotoxicological testing in the PPP regulatory process. However, it is not clear how this can be implemented in a tiered, robust, and ecologically relevant manner. Through a critical review of current literature, we examine the recommendations made within the EFSA report and the methodologies available to integrate AMF into the PPP risk assessment and provide perspective and commentary on their agronomic and ecological relevance. We conclude that considerable research questions remain to be addressed prior to the inclusion of AMF into the in-soil organism risk assessment, many of which stem from the unique challenges associated with including an obligate symbiont within the PPP risk assessment. Finally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and the further research required to enable development of relevant, reliable, and robust scientific tests alongside pragmatic and scientifically sound guidance to ensure that any future risk-assessment paradigm is adequately protective of the ecosystem services it aims to preserve. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1808\uffe2\uff80\uff931823. \uffc2\uffa9 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native, invasive earthworms are altering soils throughout the world. Ecological cascades emanating from these invasions stem from rapid consumption of leaf litter by earthworms. This occurs at a midpoint in the trophic pyramid, unlike the more familiar bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up or top\uffe2\uff80\uff90down cascades. These cascades cause fundamental changes (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cmicrocascade effects\uffe2\uff80\uff9d) in soil morphology, bulk density, and nutrient leaching, and a shift to warmer, drier soil surfaces with a loss of leaf litter. In North American temperate and boreal forests, microcascade effects can affect carbon sequestration, disturbance regimes, soil and water quality, forest productivity, plant communities, and wildlife habitat, and can facilitate other invasive species. These broader\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale changes (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cmacrocascade effects\uffe2\uff80\uff9d) are of greater concern to society. Interactions among these fundamental changes and broader\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale effects create \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccascade complexes\uffe2\uff80\uff9d that interact with climate change and other environmental processes. The diversity of cascade effects, combined with the vast area invaded by earthworms, leads to regionally important changes in ecological functioning.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "earthworms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "introduced organisms", "soil structure", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "ecosystem health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fee.2099"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2099"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fee.2099", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fee.2099", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fee.2099"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-18", "title": "Agroforestry systems: Meta-analysis of soil carbon stocks, sequestration processes, and future potentials", "description": "AbstractAgroforestry (AF) has the potential to restore degraded lands, provide a broader range of ecosystem goods and services such as carbon (C) sequestration and high biodiversity, and increase soil fertility and ecosystem stability through additional C input from trees, erosion prevention, and microclimate improvement. Advantages and processes for global C sequestration in AF are unknown. We used a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 427 soil C stock data pairs grouped into four main AF systems\uffe2\uff80\uff94alley cropping, windbreaks, silvopastures, and homegardens\uffe2\uff80\uff94and evaluated changes in AF and adjacent control cropland or pasture. Mean soil C stocks in AF (1\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) were 126\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, which is 19% more than that in cropland or pasture. The highest C stocks in soil were in subtropical homegardens, AF with younger trees, and topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm). Increased soil C stocks in AF were lower than aboveground C stocks in most AF systems, except alley cropping. Homegardens stored the highest C in both aboveground and belowground, especially in the subsoil (20\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm). Advantages of AF ecosystem services focusing on mechanisms of belowground C sequestration were analyzed. AF could store 5.3\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0109\uffc2\uffa0Mg additional C in soil on 944\uffc2\uffa0Mha globally, with most in the tropics and subtropics. AF systems could greatly contribute to global soil C sequestration if used in larger areas. Future investigations of AF should include (a) mechanistic\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies (instead of common monitoring and inventories), (b) models linking forest and crop growth with soil water and C and nutrient cycling, and (c) accurate assessments of the AF area worldwide based on the remote sensing approaches.
", "keywords": ["meta-analysis", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "13. Climate action", "sustainable land use", "homegardens", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agroforestry management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ecosystem services", "carbon sequestration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3136"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3136"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4645", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-12", "title": "Restricted Mineralization Of Fresh Organic Materials Incorporated Into A Subtropical Paddy Soil", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Microbial activities involved in the dynamics of organic matter determine the potential for organic carbon (C) accumulation in soil. To understand this for paddy soil, an incubation experiment (25 \uffc2\uffb0C, 45% water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity) was established using 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled glucose and rice straw (500 \uffc2\uffb5g C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) as substrates; an adjacent upland soil was used for comparison.
RESULTS: The amount of microbial biomass in the paddy soil was approximately 6 times larger and its turnover rate was 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff933 times faster than in the upland soil. These proportions of 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled glucose and rice straw mineralized in the paddy soil were about 3% smaller (P < 0.01) than those in the upland soil. Also, there was no significant priming effect of fresh substrate additions on the mineralization of native organic C in the paddy soil, while the priming effect was significant in the upland soil.
CONCLUSION: Although the paddy soil contains a large amount of microbial biomass, which is also very active, the mineralization of fresh substrates is significantly restricted in this soil, along with a small priming effect. This favours the accumulation of organic C in paddy soils. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Tropical Climate", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Glucose", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ping Zhou, John Keith Syers, Hongzhao Yuan, Yirong Su, Ling Li, Jinshui Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4645"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4645", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4645", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4645"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.6206", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-01", "title": "Effect Of Organic, Conventional And Mixed Cultivation Practices On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Nematode Abundance In A Cultivated Onion Crop", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUNDResponses of the soil microbial and nematode community to organic and conventional agricultural practices were studied using the Teagasc Kinsealy Systems Comparison trial as the experimental system. The trial is a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiment which divides conventional and organic agriculture into component pest\uffe2\uff80\uff90control and soil treatment practices. We hypothesised that management practices would affect soil ecology and used community level physiological profiles, microbial and nematode counts, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to characterise soil microbial communities in plots used for onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation.
RESULTSMicrobial activity and culturable bacterial counts were significantly higher under fully organic management. Culturable fungi, actinomycete and nematode counts showed a consistent trend towards higher numbers under fully organic management but these data were not statistically significant. No differences were found in the fungal/bacterial ratio. DGGE banding patterns and sequencing of excised bands showed clear differences between treatments. Putative onion fungal pathogens were predominantly sequenced under conventional soil treatment practices whilst putative soil suppressive bacterial species were predominantly sequenced from the organic pest\uffe2\uff80\uff90control treatment plots.
CONCLUSIONOrganic management increased microbial activity and diversity. Sequence data was indicative of differences in functional groups and warrants further investigation. \uffc2\uffa9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "Microbial diversity", "Nematoda", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Onions", "Animals", "DNA", " Fungal", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Fungi", "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis", "Agriculture", "Biolog Eco-plates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Community level physiological profile", "Organic agriculture", "0405 other agricultural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6206"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.6206", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.6206", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.6206"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-10", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Grazing Intensity On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Selected Soil Properties In The Arid Eastern Cape, South Africa", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about how basic soil properties respond to contrasting grazing intensities in the Karoo biome, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate impacts of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>75 years) grazing at 1.18 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (heavy; CGH), 0.78 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (light; CGL), and exclosure on selected soil properties. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 60 cm from the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental site of Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Eastern Cape. The samples were analyzed for C, N, bulk density and infiltration rate, among others.
RESULTSGenerally, heavy and light grazing reduced soil N storage by 27.5% and 22.6%, respectively, compared with the exclosure. Animal exclusion improved water infiltration rate and C stocks significantly (P < 0.05), which was 0.128, 0.097, and 0.093 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for exclosure, CGL and CGH, respectively. Soil penetration resistance was higher for grazing treatments in the top 3\uffe2\uff80\uff937 cm soil layer but for exclosure at the top 1 cm soil surface.
CONCLUSIONAlthough livestock exclusion has the potential to improve C sequestration, a sufficient resting period for 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 years followed by three consecutive grazing years at light stocking rate would be ideal for sustainable livestock production in this arid region of South Africa. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["570", "Livestock", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "continuous grazing", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Soil", "South Africa", "arid lands", "Animals", "exclosure", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "soil properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2736", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-27", "title": "Contrasting Effects of Aridity and Grazing Intensity on Multiple Ecosystem Functions and Services in Australian Woodlands", "description": "AbstractGlobal change is expected to reduce the provision of multiple ecosystem services in drylands, the largest biome on Earth. Understanding the relative importance of climate change and overgrazing on ecosystems services is critical for predicting the effects of global change on ecosystem well\uffe2\uff80\uff90being. We generated a system\uffe2\uff80\uff90level understanding of the effects of climate (aridity intensity) and land use intensification (herbivore grazing intensity) on four regulating ecosystem services (C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storage, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability, and organic matter decomposition) and one provisioning service (plant production) in wooded drylands from eastern Australia. Climate change and grazing intensity had different effects on multiple ecosystem services. Increasing aridity from 0\uffc2\uffb719 (dry subhumid) to 0\uffc2\uffb763 (arid) had consistent suppressive effects on C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storage, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability, decomposition and plant biomass services, but not on P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. The magnitude of these suppressive effects was greater than any effects due to grazing. All sites showed evidence of kangaroo grazing, but the heaviest grazing was due to cattle (dung: range 0\uffe2\uff80\uff934545\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921; mean 142\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Any effects of grazing on ecosystem services were herbivore specific and ranged from positive to neutral or negative. Sheep, and to a lesser extent cattle, were associated with greater N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. Rabbits, however, had a greater effect on P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability than aridity. Our study suggests that increases in livestock grazing may fail to sustain ecosystem services because of the generally stronger negative effect of increasing aridity on most ecosystem services in our model dryland. These services are likely therefore to decline with global increases in aridity. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Soils are being degraded at an alarming rate and thereby also crucial ecosystem goods and services. Nitrogen (N) enrichment is a major driver of this degradation. While the negative impacts of N enrichment on vegetation are well known globally, those on various ecological interactions, and on ecosystem functioning, remain largely unknown. Because Mediterranean ecosystems are N limited, they are good model systems for evaluating how N enrichment impacts not only vegetation but also ecological partnerships and ecosystem functioning. Using a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N\uffe2\uff80\uff90manipulation (dose and form) field experiment running in a Mediterranean Basin maquis located in a region with naturally low ambient N deposition (<4\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921), we assessed the impacts of the N additions on (i) the dominant plant species (photosynthetic N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency); (ii) plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil ecological partnerships with ectomycorrhiza and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing bacteria; and (iii) ecosystem degradation (plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil cover, biological mineral weathering and soil N fixation). N additions significantly disrupted plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil cover, plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil biotic interactions, and ecosystem functioning compared with ambient N deposition conditions. However, the higher the ammonium dose (alone or with nitrate), the more drastic these disruptions were. We report a critical threshold at 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffc2\uffa0kg ammonium ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereby severe ecosystem degradation can be expected. These observations are critical to help explain the mechanisms behind ecosystem degradation, to describe the collective loss of organisms and multifunction in the landscape, and to predict potential fragmentation of Mediterranean maquis under conditions of unrelieved N enrichment. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Land restoration is considered to be the remedy for 21st century global challenges of land degradation. As a result, various land restoration and conservation efforts are underway at different scales. Ethiopia is one of the countries with huge investments in land restoration. Tremendous land management practices have been implemented across the country since the 1970s. However, the spatial distribution of the interventions has not been documented, and there is no systematic, quantitative evidence on whether land restoration efforts have achieved the restoration of desired ecosystem services. Therefore, we carried out a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of peer\uffe2\uff80\uff90reviewed scientific literature related to land restoration efforts and their impacts in Ethiopia. Results show that most of the large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale projects have been implemented in the highlands, specifically in Tigray and Amhara regions covering about 24 agroecological zones, and land restoration impact studies are mostly focused in the highlands but restricted in about 11 agroecological zones. The highest mean effect on agricultural productivity is obtained from the combination of bunds and biological interventions followed by conservation agriculture practices with 170% and 18% increases, respectively. However, bunds alone, biological intervention alone, and terracing (fanya juu) reveal negative effects on productivity. The mean effect of all land restoration interventions on soil organic carbon is positive, the highest effect being from \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbunds + biological\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (139%) followed by exclosure (90%). Reduced soil erosion and runoff are the dominant impacts of all interventions. The results can be used to improve existing guidelines to better match land restoration options with specific desired ecosystem functions and services. Although the focus of this study was on the evaluation of the impacts of land restoration efforts on selected ecosystem services, impacts on livelihood and national socioeconomy have not been examined. Thus, strengthening socioeconomic studies at national scale to assess the sustainability of land restoration initiatives is an essential next step.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "land restoration", "land degradation", "ecological restoration", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "landscape conservation", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3424"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3424", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3424", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3424"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/sae2.12031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-12", "title": "Frontiers in soil ecology\u2014Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 2022", "description": "AbstractGlobal change is affecting soil biodiversity and functioning across all terrestrial ecosystems. Still, much is unknown about how soil biodiversity and function will change in the future in response to simultaneous alterations in climate and land use, as well as other environmental drivers. It is crucial to understand the direct, indirect\uffc2\uffa0and interactive effects of global change drivers on soil communities and ecosystems across environmental contexts, not only today but also in the near future. This is particularly relevant for international efforts to tackle climate change like the Paris Agreement, and considering the failure to achieve the 2020 biodiversity targets, especially the target of halting soil degradation. Here, we outline the main frontiers related to soil ecology that were presented and discussed at the thematic sessions of the World Biodiversity Forum 2022 in Davos, Switzerland. We highlight multiple frontiers of knowledge associated with data integration, causal inference, soil biodiversity and function scenarios, critical soil biodiversity facets, underrepresented drivers, global collaboration, knowledge application and transdisciplinarity, as well as policy and public communication. These identified research priorities are not only of immediate interest to the scientific community but may also be considered in research priority programmes and calls for funding.