Rapidly growing global populations mandate greater crop productivity despite increasingly scarce natural resources, including freshwater. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices seek to address such issues, but an unintended consequence is the exposure of agricultural soils and associated biota to emerging contaminants including azole pharmaceutical antifungals. We show that environmentally relevant exposure to three commonly prescribed azole antifungals can reduce mycorrhizal 33P transfer from the soil into the host plant. This suggests that exposure to azoles may have a significant impact on mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transfer of nutrients in soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant systems. Understanding the unintended consequences of sustainable agricultural practices is needed to ensure the security and safety of future food production systems.
Summary
Sustainable farming practices are increasingly necessary to meet the demands of a growing population under constraints imposed by climate change. These practices, in particular the reuse of wastewater and amending soil with wastewater derived biosolids, provide a pathway for man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made chemicals to enter the agricultural environment.
Among the chemicals commonly detected in wastewater and biosolids are pharmaceutical azole antifungals. Fungi, in particular mycorrhiza\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming fungal symbionts of plant roots, are key drivers of nutrient cycling in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant system. As such, greater understanding of the impacts of azole antifungal exposure in agricultural systems is urgently needed.
We exposed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Skyfall\uffe2\uff80\uff99) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to environmentally relevant concentrations of three azole antifungals (clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate and fluconazole). We traced the mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquired 33P from the soil into the host plant in contaminated versus non\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soils and found 33P transfer from mycorrhizal fungi to host plants was reduced in soils containing antifungals. This represents a potentially major disruption to soil nutrient flows as a result of soil contamination.
Our work raises the major issue of exposure of soil biota to pharmaceuticals such as azole antifungals, introduced via sustainable agricultural practices, as a potentially globally important disruptive influence on soil nutrient cycles. The impacts of these compounds on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target organisms, beneficial mycorrhizal fungi in particular, could have major implications on security and sustainability of future food systems.
60%) was found in the NaOH-P fractions. The labile P, particularly bicarb-Po was higher in soil beneath shrub canopies (8.4 mg P kg \u22121), than outside the canopy (6.2 mg P kg \u22121). Similarly, C, N and P to a lesser extent, were more concentrated beneath shrub canopies. P. reticulatum soil was dominated by the NaOH-Po fraction, whereas G. senegalensis had higher bicarb-Po at one of the study sites. An index of biologically available organic P (Bicarb-Po) / (Bicarb-Po + Bicar-Pi + Resin Pi) was > 60% and indicates that biological processes represent an important part of P cycling in these shrub ecosystems. The differential ability of shrubs in modifying soil chemical properties under their canopies has major implications for biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and C in sandy soils of semi arid Sahelian ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Total C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Canopy soil", "Semi-arid", "Sahel", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Shrubs", "P fractions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dossa, E. L., Diedhiou, S., Compton, J. E., /Assigbets\u00e9, Komi, Dick, R. P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration. In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-05", "title": "Performance of the HYDRUS-1D model for water balance components assessment of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in semi-arid region of Morocco", "description": "Abstract The main goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of the HYDRUS-1D numerical model for estimating the soil moisture (\u03b8) at different depths, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) and its components (crop transpiration, Ta and soil evaporation, Ea) as well as the deep percolation (DP) of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in the semi-arid region of Tensift-basin (central Morocco). The HYDRUS-1D simulations were performed at daily time step during the two growing seasons: 2002/2003 and 2015/2016. The model was firstly calibrated based on one field \u201cdenoted F1\u201d data during the 2002/2003 cropping season by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method implemented in HYDRUS-1D model for optimizing various parameters of Van Genuchten equation that provide the minimum difference between measured and simulated soil moisture at four layers of soil (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330, 30\u201350\u00a0cm). Afterwards, the model validation was done based on the data from four fields of wheat: two fields \u201cdenoted F2 and F3\u201d during the 2002/2003 and two other fields \u201cdenoted F4 and F5\u201d during the 2015/2016 cropping season. All fields were irrigated with flooding system except the field F5 where drip irrigation was undertaken. In-situ measurements of \u03b8 was carried out using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric method ETa was measured by the Eddy Covariance system Ta and Ea were monitored using a lysimeter in F5 field. The results showed that the HYDRUS-1D model simulates the \u03b8, ETa, Ta and Ea reasonably well. Additionally, the evaluation of the irrigation system on DP losses was investigated by comparing the simulation results over flood (F4) and drip (F5) irrigated fields. It was found that about 56% and 20% of seasonal supplied water were lost by DP in F4 and F5 sites, respectively. Such unexpected high amount of DP taking place in F5 field is due to the improper use of the drip irrigation system.", "keywords": ["690", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "deep percolation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "Winter wheat", "[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Deep percolation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Eddy Covariance", "HYDRUS-1D"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Nutrient removal effectiveness by riparian buffer zones in rural temperate watersheds: The impact of no-till crops practices", "description": "Abstract Riparian buffer zones have the potential to capture chemical contaminants and to mitigate detrimental side-effects in aquatic ecosystems derived from excess fertilizers used in agro-food production. No-till farming systems are well known agricultural practices and are widely used in temperate areas. In that regard, different settings and widths of riparian buffer zones (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60\u00a0m) with woody vegetation, shrubs or grasses were assessed. The methodology was comprised of the evaluation of a large number of experimental sites and the sampling was conducted after the first rain period and respective fertilizer applications. The results point to the fact that effectiveness is largely controlled by buffer zone width and vegetation type. Indeed, buffer zones with 60\u00a0m width composed of woody soils were more effective in phosphorus (99.9%) and nitrogen (99.9%) removal when compared to shrub (66.4% and 83.9%, respectively) or grass vegetation (52.9% and 61.6%, respectively) areas. Woody vegetation has deep rooting systems and woody soils have a higher content of organic matter when compared to grass and shrubs areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "water contamination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "nutrients", "no-till systems", "temperate climate zones", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "phosphorous", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-25", "title": "How does management affect soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in boreal and temperate forests? \u2013 A review", "description": "The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% is in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest management practices on forest soil C stock and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is needed for the development of effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature on forest management practices that canmitigate climate change by increasing soil C stocks and reducing GHG emissions. We further identified soil processes that affect soil GHG balance and discussed how models represent forest management effects on soil in GHG inventories and scenario analyses to address forest climate change mitigation potential.Forest management effects depend strongly on the specific practice and land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal of harvest residues/stumps results in a reduction in soil C stock, while high stocking density and enhanced productivity by fertilization or dominance of coniferous species increase soil C stock. Nitrogenfertilization increases the soil C stock and N2O emissions while decreasing the CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology management is a major driver of the GHG emissions of the peatland forests, with lower water level corresponding to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the global warming potential of all GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) together can be ten-fold higher after clear-cutting than in peatlands with standing trees. The climate change mitigation potential of forest soils, as estimated by modelling approaches, accounts for stand biomass driven effects and climate factors that affect the decomposition rate. A future challenge is to account for the effects of soil preparation and other management that affects soil processes by changing soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrient balance, microbial community structure and processes, hydrology and soil oxygen concentration in the models. We recommend that soil monitoring and modelling focus on linkingprocesses of soil C stabilization with the functioning of soil microbiota.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Peatland hydrology management", "CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION", "WOOD ASH APPLICATION", "530", "Greenhouse gas", "SITE PREPARATION", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "BELOW-GROUND CARBON", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "PONDEROSA PINE", "GE", "PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "004", "Forest fertilization", "Harvesting practices", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Forest fire management", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Forest soil carbon management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-22", "title": "Elemental partitioning and isotopic fractionation of Zn between metal and silicate and geochemical estimation of the S content of the Earth\u2019s core", "description": "Open AccessZinc metal-silicate fractionation provides experimental access to the conditions of core formation and Zn has been used to estimate the S contents of the Earth's core and of the bulk Earth, assuming that they share similar volatility and that Zn was not partitioned into the Earth's core. We have conducted a suite of partitioning experiments to characterize Zn metal-silicate elemental and isotopic fractionation as a function of time, temperature, and composition. Experiments were conducted at temperatures from 1473-2273K, with run durations from 5-240 minutes for four starting materials. Chemical and isotopic equilibrium is achieved within 10 minutes. Zinc metal-silicate isotopic fractionation displays no resolvable dependence on temperature, composition, or oxygen fugacity. Thus, the Zn isotopic composition of silicate phases can be used as a proxy for bulk telluric bodies. Results from this study and literature data were used to parameterize Zn metal-silicate partitioning as a function of temperature, pressure, and redox state. Using this parameterization and viable formation conditions, we have estimated a range of Zn contents in the cores of iron meteorite parent bodies (i.e. iron meteorites) of ~0.1-150 ppm, in good agreement with natural observations. We have calculated the first geochemical estimates for the Zn contents of the Earth's core and of the bulk Earth, at 242 +/-107 ppm and 114 +/-34 ppm (respectively), that consider the slightly siderophile behavior of Zn and are therefore significantly higher than previous estimates. Assuming similar volatility for S and Zn, a chondritic S/Zn ratio, and considering our new estimates, we have calculated a geochemical upper bound for the S content of the Earth's core of 6.3 +/-1.9 wt%. This indicates that S may be a major contributor to the density deficit of the Earth's core or that the S/Zn ratio for the Earth is non-chondritic.", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "550", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "FOS: Physical sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Iron meteorites", "13. Climate action", "Core formation", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Zinc metal-silicate partitioning", "Isotopic fractionation", "Sulfur", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.040", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-08", "title": "Tracing metal\u2013silicate segregation and late veneer in the Earth and the ureilite parent body with palladium stable isotopes", "description": "Abstract Stable isotope studies of highly siderophile elements (HSE) have the potential to yield valuable insights into a range of geological processes. In particular, the strong partitioning of these elements into metal over silicates may lead to stable isotope fractionation during metal\u2013silicate segregation, making them sensitive tracers of planetary differentiation processes. We present the first techniques for the precise determination of palladium stable isotopes by MC-ICPMS using a 106Pd\u2013110Pd double-spike to correct for instrumental mass fractionation. Results are expressed as the per mil (\u2030) difference in the 106Pd/105Pd ratio (\u03b4106Pd) relative to an in-house solution standard (Pd_IPGP) in the absence of a certified Pd isotopic standard. Repeated analyses of the Pd isotopic composition of the chondrite Allende demonstrate the external reproducibility of the technique of \u00b10.032\u2030 on \u03b4106Pd. Using these techniques, we have analysed Pd stable isotopes from a range of terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples. We find that chondrites define a mean \u03b4106Pdchondrite\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05\u2030. Ureilites reveal a weak trend towards heavier \u03b4106Pd with decreasing Pd content, similar to recent findings based on Pt stable isotopes (Creech et al., 2017), although fractionation of Pd isotopes is significantly less than for Pt, possibly related to its weaker metal\u2013silicate partitioning behaviour and the limited field shift effect. Terrestrial mantle samples have a mean \u03b4106Pdmantle\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.182\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.130\u2030, which is consistent with a late-veneer of chondritic material after core formation.", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Terrestrial planet accretion", "13. Climate action", "01 natural sciences", "Late-veneer", "Palladium", "Meteorites", "Stable isotopes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.040"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.040", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.040", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2017.04.040"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-27", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Semi-Arid Rangelands: Comparison Of Pinus Ponderosa Plantations And Grazing Exclusion In Nw Patagonia", "description": "Abstract The large global extension of arid and semi-arid regions together with their widespread degradation give these areas a high potential to sequester carbon. We explored the possibilities of semi-arid ecosystems to sequester carbon by means of rangeland exclusion and afforestation with Pinus ponderosa in NW Patagonia (Argentina). We sampled all pools where organic carbon accumulates in a network of five trios of adjacent grazed, non-grazed and afforested stands (age: 12\u201325 years, density 605\u20131052\u00a0trees\u00a0ha \u22121 ). After 15 years since trees were planted, afforestation added \u223c50% more C to the initial ecosystem carbon pool, with annual sequestration rate ranging 0.5\u20133.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 year \u22121 . Carbon gains in afforested stands were higher above than below-ground (150% vs. 32%). Root biomass differences (374% more in afforested vs. grazed stands, p = 0.0 0 1 1 ) explained below-ground carbon contrasts whereas soil organic carbon showed no differences with afforestation. By contrast, grazing exclosures did not result in significant changes in the total carbon storage in comparison with the adjacent grazed stands ( p = 0.4 2 ) suggesting a slow ecosystem recovery in the time frame of this study (\u223c15 years of exclusion). Nevertheless, higher litter amount was found in the former (+53%, p = 0.0 7 ). Neither, soil organic carbon nor root carbon showed significant differences between grazed and non-grazed conditions. Considering that more than 1.1 millions of hectares of the studied ecosystems are highly degraded and suitable for tree planting, afforesting this area could result in a carbon sequestration rate of 1.7\u00a0Tg C year \u22121 , almost 6% of the current fossil fuel emissions of Argentina; however environmental consequences which could emerge from this deep land use shift must be taken into account when afforestation program are being designed.", "keywords": ["Argentina", "Drylands", "Ecosystem carbon pool", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Grazing", "Afforestation", "13. Climate action", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Desertification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-20", "title": "Nutrient Limitations On Aboveground Grass Production In Four Savanna Types Along The Kalahari Transect", "description": "Abstract The Kalahari Transect (KT) is an International Geosphere\u2013Biosphere Programme mega-transect designed to examine hydrological and ecological patterns and processes throughout the savannas of southern Africa. The KT traverses a precipitation gradient ranging from \u223c920\u00a0mm rain/year in the north to \u223c260\u00a0mm rain/year in the south. Previous research shows a positive correlation between canopy cover and precipitation suggesting a water limitation on productivity. However, there has been minimal research on other possible sources of limitations, such as soil Nitrogen (N) and/or Phosphorus (P). We used a factorial in-situ experimental design to test for increased aboveground grass production (measured as peak season standing stock) under elevated soil P and P\u00a0+\u00a0N levels. Four sites along the KT precipitation gradient were used in this study: Mongu (Zambia), Pandamatenga (Botswana), Ghanzi (Botswana) and Tshane (Botswana). Soils at each site were amended with N and P fertilizers during the dry season. We extracted soil samples during the following growing season to analyze for plant available soil P. Vegetation samples were harvested from which we measured foliar P and aboveground grass biomass production. We saw differences in foliar P at the treatment and site level but not for the interaction between treatment and site. There were individual effects from site on biomass but not for any interactions with nutrient treatments. Despite higher levels of foliar P, we did not detect an increase in aboveground biomass. This may be explained by luxury uptake or allocation to belowground resources.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10926174", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:30:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-11", "title": "Microbial biotechnology and beyond: A roadmap for sustainable development and climate mitigation in the transition from fossil fuels to green chemistry", "description": "AbstractOur planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to \uffe2\uff80\uff98green chemistry\uffe2\uff80\uff99 encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.