{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "d47a03df5b896847e5c3f70f88ad02fc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:35:56Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment", "description": "Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while con- centrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by con- taminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.", "keywords": ["Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "910"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Harder, Robin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/32554/1/buenemann-e-k-et-al-20240122.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/d47a03df5b896847e5c3f70f88ad02fc"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "d47a03df5b896847e5c3f70f88ad02fc", "name": "item", "description": "d47a03df5b896847e5c3f70f88ad02fc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/d47a03df5b896847e5c3f70f88ad02fc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-27T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-14", "title": "Responses Of Soil Properties And Crop Yields To Different Inorganic And Organic Amendments In A Swiss Conventional Farming System", "description": "AbstractIn agro-ecosystems, fertilization practices are crucial for sustaining crop productivity. Here, based on a 50-year long-term experiment, we studied the influence of fertilization practices (inorganic and/or organic) and nitrogen (N) application rates on (i) soil physicochemical properties, (ii) microbial and earthworm communities and (iii) crop production. Our results showed that soil organic carbon content was increased by incorporation of crop residues (+2.45%) and farmyard manure application (+6.40%) in comparison to the use of mineral fertilizer alone. In contrast, soil carbon stock was not significantly affected by these fertilization practices. Overall, only farmyard manure application improved soil physicochemical properties compared to mineral fertilization alone. Soil microbial population was enhanced by the application of organic amendments as indicated by microbial biomass and phospholipid-derived fatty acids contents. The fertilization practices and the N application rates affected significantly both the biomass and composition of earthworm populations, especially the epigeic and endogeic species. Finally, farmyard manure application significantly increased crop yield (+3.5%) in comparison to mineral fertilization alone. Crop residue incorporation rendered variable but similar crop yields over the 50-year period. The results of this long-term experiment indicate that the use of organic amendments not only reduces the need for higher amount of mineral N fertilizer but also improves the soil biological properties with direct effects on crop yield.", "keywords": ["Cattle farmyard manure", " Crop residues", " N fertilization", " Microbial community", " Earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Cattle farmyard manure", "Crop residues", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "N fertilization", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "13. Climate action", "Milj\u00f6- och naturv\u00e5rdsvetenskap", "Microbial community", "Earthworms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Animal Science and Zoology", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/acd709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-19", "title": "Fertilization strategies for abating N pollution at the scale of a highly vulnerable and diverse semi-arid agricultural region (Murcia, Spain)", "description": "Abstract

Overuse of N fertilizers in crops has induced the disruption of the N cycle, triggering the release of reactive N (Nr) to the environment. Several EU policies have been developed to address this challenge, establishing targets to reduce agricultural Nr losses. Their achievement could be materialized through the introduction of fertilizing innovations such as incorporating fertilizer into soils, using urease inhibitors, or by adjusting N inputs to crop needs that could impact in both yields and environment. The Murcia region (southeastern Spain) was selected as a paradigmatic case study, since overfertilization has induced severe environmental problems in the region in the last decade, to assess the impact of a set of 8 N fertilizing alternatives on crop yields and environmental Nr losses. Some of these practices imply the reduction of N entering in crops. We followed an integrated approach analyzing the evolution of the region in the long-term (1860\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) and considering nested spatial- (from grid to region) and systems scales (from crops to the full agro-food system). We hypothesized that, even despite reduction of N inputs, suitable solutions for the abatement of Nr can be identified without compromising crop yields. The most effective option to reduce Nr losses was removing synthetic N fertilizers, leading to 75% reductions in N surpluses mainly due to a reduction of 64% of N inputs, but with associated yield penalties (31%\uffe2\uff80\uff9335%). The most feasible alternative was the removal of urea, resulting in 19% reductions of N inputs, 15%\uffe2\uff80\uff9321% declines in N surplus, and negligible yield losses. While these measures are applied at the field scale, their potential to produce a valuable change can only be assessed at regional scale. Because of this, a spatial analysis was performed showing that largest Nr losses occurred in irrigated horticultural crops. The policy implications of the results are discussed.Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks by improving cropland management practices has great potential to mitigate climate change. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments (LTEs) are valuable to study management effects on soil properties and crop yield. Yet most LTE studies are limited to the topsoil, and farming systems integrating multiple management strategies are often not assessed. This study used three Swedish LTEs to assess the effects of crop rotations and fertilisation on SOC changes. One arable rotation with only annual crops and a ley rotation with annuals, perennial ley and receiving manure were investigated at different application rates of mineral fertilisers. We analysed changes in SOC content and the distribution of SOC content and stocks at multiple soil depths, calculated C inputs and used phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to evaluate how management practices affected SOC in relation to C inputs and microbial communities. Both systems lost carbon in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm topsoil from 1966 to 2019 across sites, but the sandy site lost more than the clayey sites. The ley rotation and nitrogen (N) fertilisation reduced carbon losses. In 2019, SOC stocks in the top 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil were 3.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher in the ley rotation compared with arable rotation and 2.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher with N fertilisation at the highest rate compared with no N fertilisation. However, the positive effects decreased with depth and became negative at some depths. As a result, differences in SOC stocks to an equivalent depth of 60\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm declined to 0.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff892.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for rotations and to 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff892.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for N fertilisation. The ley rotation had significantly higher belowground C inputs than the arable rotation, and belowground C inputs were highly associated with changes in SOC. Compared with the arable rotation, total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs and the ratio of bacteria to fungi in topsoil were significantly higher in the ley rotation, partly attributed to manure application. Our study supports the beneficial effects of leys and manure amendments on SOC compared with systems with only annual crops. It also highlights the risk of losing SOC in the subsoil, especially under mineral N fertilisation. Site characteristics helped to explain the large variation, which must be considered when developing local strategies for SOC accrual in cropland.

Abstract. Saturated and near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivities Kh (mm.h-1) determine the partitioning of precipitation into surface runoff and infiltration and are fundamental to soils\u2019 susceptibility to preferential flow. Recent studies have found indications that climate factors influence Kh, which is highly relevant in the face of climate change. In this study, we investigated relationships between pedo-climatic factors and Kh and also evaluated effects of land use and soil management. To this end, we collated the Open Tension-disk Infiltrometer Meta-database (OTIM), which contains 1297 individual data entries from 172 different publication sources. We analysed a spectrum of saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivities at matric potentials between 0 to 100 mm. We found that methodological details like the direction of the wetting sequence or the choice of method for calculating infiltration rates to hydraulic conductivities had a large impact on the results. We therefore restricted ourselves to a subset of 466 of the 1297 data entries with similar methodological approaches. Correlations between Ks and Kh at higher supply tensions decreased especially close to saturation, indicating a different flow mechanism at and very close to saturation as towards the dry end of the investigated tension range. Climate factors were better correlated to topsoil near-saturated hydraulic conductivities at supply tensions \u2265 30 mm than soil texture, bulk density and organic carbon content. We find it most likely that the climate variables are proxies for soil macropore networks created by respective biological activity, pedogenesis and climate specific land use and management choices. Due to incomplete documentation in the source publications of OTIM, we could investigate only a few land use types and agricultural management practices. Land use, tillage system and soil compaction significantly influenced Kh, with effect sizes appearing comparable to the ones of soil texture and soil organic carbon. The data in OTIM show experimental bias is present, introduced by the choice of measurement time relative to soil tillage, experimental design or data evaluation procedures. The establishment of best-practice rules for tension-disk infiltrometer measurements would therefore be helpful. Future studies are needed to investigate how climate shapes soil macropore networks and how land use and management can be adapted to improve soil hydraulic properties. Both tasks require large amounts of new measurement data with improved documentation on soil biology and land use and management history.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "550", "T", "Soil Science", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "6. Clean water", "G", "Environmental sciences", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31615/1/blanchy-g-et-al-20230825.pdf"}, {"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/2703/2023/hess-27-2703-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2703-2023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-27-2703-2023", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-27-2703-2023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-27-2703-2023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land11020223", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-27T16:23:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-03", "title": "Opportunities for Mitigating Soil Compaction in Europe\u2014Case Studies from the SoilCare Project Using Soil-Improving Cropping Systems", "description": "

Soil compaction (SC) is a major threat for agriculture in Europe that affects many ecosystem functions, such as water and air circulation in soils, root growth, and crop production. Our objective was to present the results from five short-term (<5 years) case studies located along the north\u2013south and east\u2013west gradients and conducted within the SoilCare project using soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs) for mitigating topsoil and subsoil SC. Two study sites (SSs) focused on natural subsoil (\u02c325 cm) compaction using subsoiling tillage treatments to depths of 35 cm (Sweden) and 60 cm (Romania). The other SSs addressed both topsoil and subsoil SC (\u02c325 cm, Norway and United Kingdom; \u02c330 cm, Italy) using deep-rooted bio-drilling crops and different tillage types or a combination of both. Each SS evaluated the effectiveness of the SICSs by measuring the soil physical properties, and we calculated SC indices. The SICSs showed promising results\u2014for example, alfalfa in Norway showed good potential for alleviating SC (the subsoil density decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 g cm\u22121) and subsoiling at the Swedish SS improved root penetration into the subsoil by about 10 cm\u2014but the effects of SICSs on yields were generally small. These case studies also reflected difficulties in implementing SICSs, some of which are under development, and we discuss methodological issues for measuring their effectiveness. There is a need for refining these SICSs and for evaluating their longer-term effect under a wider range of pedoclimatic conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "degree of compaction", "Soil Science", "straw incorporation", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "soil penetration resistance", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "degree of compaction; soil penetration resistance; relative normalised density; air-filled porosity; tillage; straw incorporation; bio-drilling crops; subsoiling; crop productivity", "relative normalised density", "13. Climate action", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "S Agriculture (General)", "910 Geography & travel", "air-filled porosity", "550 Earth sciences & geology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/2/223/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27668/1/piccoli-i-et-al-220502.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/165197/1/Opportunities_for_Mitigating_Soil_Compaction_in_Europe_Case.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462067/1/land-11-00223-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16542/1/land-11-00223-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020223"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land11020223", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land11020223", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land11020223"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land11060780", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:23:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-25", "title": "Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Sustainable and Profitable Farming in Europe", "description": "

Soils form the basis for agricultural production and other ecosystem services, and soil management should aim at improving their quality and resilience. Within the SoilCare project, the concept of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) was developed as a holistic approach to facilitate the adoption of soil management that is sustainable and profitable. SICS selected with stakeholders were monitored and evaluated for environmental, sociocultural, and economic effects to determine profitability and sustainability. Monitoring results were upscaled to European level using modelling and Europe-wide data, and a mapping tool was developed to assist in selection of appropriate SICS across Europe. Furthermore, biophysical, sociocultural, economic, and policy reasons for (non)adoption were studied. Results at the plot/farm scale showed a small positive impact of SICS on environment and soil, no effect on sustainability, and small negative impacts on economic and sociocultural dimensions. Modelling showed that different SICS had different impacts across Europe\u2014indicating the importance of understanding local dynamics in Europe-wide assessments. Work on adoption of SICS confirmed the role economic considerations play in the uptake of SICS, but also highlighted social factors such as trust. The project\u2019s results underlined the need for policies that support and enable a transition to more sustainable agricultural practices in a coherent way.

", "keywords": ["S1", "Soil Science", "crop management", "sustainable soil management", "S589.75_Agriculture", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil quality; sustainable soil management; adoption; crop management; environmental dimension; sociocultural dimension; economic dimension", "11. Sustainability", "Life Science", "soil quality", "910 Geography & travel", "Agricultural Science", "adoption", "550 Earth sciences & geology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "environmental dimension", "S", "economic dimension", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "sociocultural dimension", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/11159/1/11159%20Webb%2C%20et%20al%20%282022%29%20Soil-improving%20cropping%20systems%20for%20sustainable%20and%20profitable%20farming%20in%20Europe.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/6/780/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/28669/1/hessel-r-et-al-220808.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/170337/1/land-11-00780-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462064/1/land-11-00780.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/6/780/pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=282070/A8C9E72D-16C8-421E-A19E-B021CC82D589.pdf&pub_id=282070"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land11060780"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land11060780", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land11060780", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land11060780"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-2022-1295", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:24:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-06", "title": "Impacts of soil management and climate on saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity: analyses of the Open Tension-disk Infiltrometer Meta-database (OTIM)", "description": "

Abstract. Saturated and near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivities Kh (mm.h-1) determine the partitioning of precipitation into surface runoff and infiltration and are fundamental to soils\u2019 susceptibility to preferential flow. Recent studies have found indications that climate factors influence Kh, which is highly relevant in the face of climate change. In this study, we investigated relationships between pedo-climatic factors and Kh and also evaluated effects of land use and soil management. To this end, we collated the Open Tension-disk Infiltrometer Meta-database (OTIM), which contains 1297 individual data entries from 172 different publication sources. We analysed a spectrum of saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivities at matric potentials between 0 to 100 mm. We found that methodological details like the direction of the wetting sequence or the choice of method for calculating infiltration rates to hydraulic conductivities had a large impact on the results. We therefore restricted ourselves to a subset of 466 of the 1297 data entries with similar methodological approaches. Correlations between Ks and Kh at higher supply tensions decreased especially close to saturation, indicating a different flow mechanism at and very close to saturation as towards the dry end of the investigated tension range. Climate factors were better correlated to topsoil near-saturated hydraulic conductivities at supply tensions \u2265 30 mm than soil texture, bulk density and organic carbon content. We find it most likely that the climate variables are proxies for soil macropore networks created by respective biological activity, pedogenesis and climate specific land use and management choices. Due to incomplete documentation in the source publications of OTIM, we could investigate only a few land use types and agricultural management practices. Land use, tillage system and soil compaction significantly influenced Kh, with effect sizes appearing comparable to the ones of soil texture and soil organic carbon. The data in OTIM show experimental bias is present, introduced by the choice of measurement time relative to soil tillage, experimental design or data evaluation procedures. The establishment of best-practice rules for tension-disk infiltrometer measurements would therefore be helpful. Future studies are needed to investigate how climate shapes soil macropore networks and how land use and management can be adapted to improve soil hydraulic properties. Both tasks require large amounts of new measurement data with improved documentation on soil biology and land use and management history.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "550", "T", "Soil Science", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "6. Clean water", "G", "Environmental sciences", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31615/1/blanchy-g-et-al-20230825.pdf"}, {"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/2703/2023/hess-27-2703-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1295"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-2022-1295", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-2022-1295", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1295"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-2017-172", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-27T16:24:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-24", "title": "Representation of dissolved organic carbon in the JULES land surface model (vn4.4_JULES-DOCM)", "description": "

Abstract. Current global models of the carbon (C) cycle consider only vertical gas exchanges between terrestrial or oceanic reservoirs and the atmosphere, thus not considering lateral transport of carbon from the continents to the oceans. Therefore, those models implicitly consider that all the C which is not respired to the atmosphere is stored on land, hence overestimating the land C sink capability. A model that represents the whole continuum from atmosphere to land and into the ocean would provide better understanding of the Earth's C cycle and hence more reliable historical or future projections. We present an original representation of Dissolved Organic C (DOC) processes in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES-DOCM). The standard version of JULES represents energy, water and carbon dynamics between vegetation, soil and atmosphere, while lateral fluxes only account for water run-off. Here we integrate a representation of DOC production in terrestrial ecosystems based on incomplete decomposition of organic matter, DOC decomposition within the soil column, and DOC export to the river network via leaching. The model performance is evaluated in five specific sites for which observations of soil DOC concentration are available. Results show that the model is able to reproduce the DOC concentration and controlling processes including leaching to the riverine system which is fundamental for integrating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Multidisciplinary", "550", "Physics", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_on_land; name=SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Geology", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/biology; name=Ecosystems Research", "15. Life on land", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Sciences de la terre et du cosmos", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900; name=Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "14. Life underwater", "Geosciences", " Multidisciplinary", "Geosciences", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2600/2611; name=Modelling and Simulation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15362/1/Nakhavali_et_al_180507.pdf"}, {"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/593/2018/gmd-11-593-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/282704/1/doi_266331.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-172"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-2017-172", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-2017-172", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-2017-172"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/331759", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:28:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-19", "title": "Fertilization strategies for abating N pollution at the scale of a highly vulnerable and diverse semi-arid agricultural region (Murcia, Spain)", "description": "Abstract

Overuse of N fertilizers in crops has induced the disruption of the N cycle, triggering the release of reactive N (Nr) to the environment. Several EU policies have been developed to address this challenge, establishing targets to reduce agricultural Nr losses. Their achievement could be materialized through the introduction of fertilizing innovations such as incorporating fertilizer into soils, using urease inhibitors, or by adjusting N inputs to crop needs that could impact in both yields and environment. The Murcia region (southeastern Spain) was selected as a paradigmatic case study, since overfertilization has induced severe environmental problems in the region in the last decade, to assess the impact of a set of 8 N fertilizing alternatives on crop yields and environmental Nr losses. Some of these practices imply the reduction of N entering in crops. We followed an integrated approach analyzing the evolution of the region in the long-term (1860\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) and considering nested spatial- (from grid to region) and systems scales (from crops to the full agro-food system). We hypothesized that, even despite reduction of N inputs, suitable solutions for the abatement of Nr can be identified without compromising crop yields. The most effective option to reduce Nr losses was removing synthetic N fertilizers, leading to 75% reductions in N surpluses mainly due to a reduction of 64% of N inputs, but with associated yield penalties (31%\uffe2\uff80\uff9335%). The most feasible alternative was the removal of urea, resulting in 19% reductions of N inputs, 15%\uffe2\uff80\uff9321% declines in N surplus, and negligible yield losses. While these measures are applied at the field scale, their potential to produce a valuable change can only be assessed at regional scale. Because of this, a spatial analysis was performed showing that largest Nr losses occurred in irrigated horticultural crops. The policy implications of the results are discussed.Overuse of N fertilizers in crops has induced the disruption of the N cycle, triggering the release of reactive N (Nr) to the environment. Several EU policies have been developed to address this challenge, establishing targets to reduce agricultural Nr losses. Their achievement could be materialized through the introduction of fertilizing innovations such as incorporating fertilizer into soils, using urease inhibitors, or by adjusting N inputs to crop needs that could impact in both yields and environment. The Murcia region (southeastern Spain) was selected as a paradigmatic case study, since overfertilization has induced severe environmental problems in the region in the last decade, to assess the impact of a set of 8 N fertilizing alternatives on crop yields and environmental Nr losses. Some of these practices imply the reduction of N entering in crops. We followed an integrated approach analyzing the evolution of the region in the long-term (1860\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) and considering nested spatial- (from grid to region) and systems scales (from crops to the full agro-food system). We hypothesized that, even despite reduction of N inputs, suitable solutions for the abatement of Nr can be identified without compromising crop yields. The most effective option to reduce Nr losses was removing synthetic N fertilizers, leading to 75% reductions in N surpluses mainly due to a reduction of 64% of N inputs, but with associated yield penalties (31%\uffe2\uff80\uff9335%). The most feasible alternative was the removal of urea, resulting in 19% reductions of N inputs, 15%\uffe2\uff80\uff9321% declines in N surplus, and negligible yield losses. While these measures are applied at the field scale, their potential to produce a valuable change can only be assessed at regional scale. Because of this, a spatial analysis was performed showing that largest Nr losses occurred in irrigated horticultural crops. The policy implications of the results are discussed.

Abstract. Current global models of the carbon (C) cycle consider only vertical gas exchanges between terrestrial or oceanic reservoirs and the atmosphere, thus not considering lateral transport of carbon from the continents to the oceans. Therefore, those models implicitly consider that all the C which is not respired to the atmosphere is stored on land, hence overestimating the land C sink capability. A model that represents the whole continuum from atmosphere to land and into the ocean would provide better understanding of the Earth's C cycle and hence more reliable historical or future projections. We present an original representation of Dissolved Organic C (DOC) processes in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES-DOCM). The standard version of JULES represents energy, water and carbon dynamics between vegetation, soil and atmosphere, while lateral fluxes only account for water run-off. Here we integrate a representation of DOC production in terrestrial ecosystems based on incomplete decomposition of organic matter, DOC decomposition within the soil column, and DOC export to the river network via leaching. The model performance is evaluated in five specific sites for which observations of soil DOC concentration are available. Results show that the model is able to reproduce the DOC concentration and controlling processes including leaching to the riverine system which is fundamental for integrating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Multidisciplinary", "550", "Physics", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_on_land; name=SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Geology", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/biology; name=Ecosystems Research", "15. Life on land", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Sciences de la terre et du cosmos", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900; name=Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "14. Life underwater", "Geosciences", " Multidisciplinary", "Geosciences", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2600/2611; name=Modelling and Simulation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15362/1/Nakhavali_et_al_180507.pdf"}, {"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/593/2018/gmd-11-593-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/282704/1/doi_266331.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10871/31936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10871/31936", "name": "item", "description": "10871/31936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10871/31936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11250/3007222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-27T16:29:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-03", "title": "Opportunities for Mitigating Soil Compaction in Europe\u2014Case Studies from the SoilCare Project Using Soil-Improving Cropping Systems", "description": "

Soil compaction (SC) is a major threat for agriculture in Europe that affects many ecosystem functions, such as water and air circulation in soils, root growth, and crop production. Our objective was to present the results from five short-term (<5 years) case studies located along the north\u2013south and east\u2013west gradients and conducted within the SoilCare project using soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs) for mitigating topsoil and subsoil SC. Two study sites (SSs) focused on natural subsoil (\u02c325 cm) compaction using subsoiling tillage treatments to depths of 35 cm (Sweden) and 60 cm (Romania). The other SSs addressed both topsoil and subsoil SC (\u02c325 cm, Norway and United Kingdom; \u02c330 cm, Italy) using deep-rooted bio-drilling crops and different tillage types or a combination of both. Each SS evaluated the effectiveness of the SICSs by measuring the soil physical properties, and we calculated SC indices. The SICSs showed promising results\u2014for example, alfalfa in Norway showed good potential for alleviating SC (the subsoil density decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 g cm\u22121) and subsoiling at the Swedish SS improved root penetration into the subsoil by about 10 cm\u2014but the effects of SICSs on yields were generally small. These case studies also reflected difficulties in implementing SICSs, some of which are under development, and we discuss methodological issues for measuring their effectiveness. There is a need for refining these SICSs and for evaluating their longer-term effect under a wider range of pedoclimatic conditions.

", "keywords": ["bio-drilling crops", "ROOT-GROWTH", "Environmental Studies", "subsoiling", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "straw incorporation", "910", "CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE", "3301 Architecture", "soil penetration resistance", "4104 Environmental management", "degree of compaction; soil penetration resistance; relative normalised density; air-filled porosity; tillage; straw incorporation; bio-drilling crops; subsoiling; crop productivity", "relative normalised density", "GAS-TRANSPORT", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "S Agriculture (General)", "910 Geography & travel", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE", "550 Earth sciences & geology", "crop productivity", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "S", "degree of compaction", "3304 Urban and regional planning", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "DEEP-TILLAGE", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "13. Climate action", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CLAY LOAM SOIL", "RISK-ASSESSMENT", "SUBSOIL COMPACTION", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "air-filled porosity"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/2/223/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27668/1/piccoli-i-et-al-220502.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/165197/1/Opportunities_for_Mitigating_Soil_Compaction_in_Europe_Case.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462067/1/land-11-00223-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16542/1/land-11-00223-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11250/3007222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11250/3007222", "name": "item", "description": "11250/3007222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11250/3007222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11250/3039583", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-27T16:29:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-25", "title": "Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Sustainable and Profitable Farming in Europe", "description": "

Soils form the basis for agricultural production and other ecosystem services, and soil management should aim at improving their quality and resilience. Within the SoilCare project, the concept of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) was developed as a holistic approach to facilitate the adoption of soil management that is sustainable and profitable. SICS selected with stakeholders were monitored and evaluated for environmental, sociocultural, and economic effects to determine profitability and sustainability. Monitoring results were upscaled to European level using modelling and Europe-wide data, and a mapping tool was developed to assist in selection of appropriate SICS across Europe. Furthermore, biophysical, sociocultural, economic, and policy reasons for (non)adoption were studied. Results at the plot/farm scale showed a small positive impact of SICS on environment and soil, no effect on sustainability, and small negative impacts on economic and sociocultural dimensions. Modelling showed that different SICS had different impacts across Europe\u2014indicating the importance of understanding local dynamics in Europe-wide assessments. Work on adoption of SICS confirmed the role economic considerations play in the uptake of SICS, but also highlighted social factors such as trust. The project\u2019s results underlined the need for policies that support and enable a transition to more sustainable agricultural practices in a coherent way.

", "keywords": ["S1", "AGRICULTURE", "ADOPTION", "Environmental Studies", "YIELD GAPS", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "crop management", "sustainable soil management", "3301 Architecture", "S589.75_Agriculture", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil quality; sustainable soil management; adoption; crop management; environmental dimension; sociocultural dimension; economic dimension", "4104 Environmental management", "11. Sustainability", "MANAGEMENT", "Life Science", "QUALITY", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "soil quality", "910 Geography & travel", "Agricultural Science", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "adoption", "550 Earth sciences & geology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "environmental dimension", "S", "ECOLOGICAL INTENSIFICATION", "economic dimension", "3304 Urban and regional planning", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "sociocultural dimension", "TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS", "13. Climate action", "NO-TILLAGE", "GRAIN PRODUCTION", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/11159/1/11159%20Webb%2C%20et%20al%20%282022%29%20Soil-improving%20cropping%20systems%20for%20sustainable%20and%20profitable%20farming%20in%20Europe.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/6/780/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/28669/1/hessel-r-et-al-220808.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/170337/1/land-11-00780-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462064/1/land-11-00780.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/6/780/pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=282070/A8C9E72D-16C8-421E-A19E-B021CC82D589.pdf&pub_id=282070"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11250/3039583"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11250/3039583", "name": "item", "description": "11250/3039583", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11250/3039583"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:39:56Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Stocktake study of current fertilisation recommendations across Europe and discussion towards a more harmonised approach", "description": "The European Commission has set targets for a reduction in nutrient losses by at least 50% and a reduction in fertiliser use by at least 20% by 2030 while ensuring no deterioration in soil fertility. Within the mandate of the European Joint Programme EJP Soil 'Towards climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soils', the objective of this study was to assess current fertilisation practices across Europe and discuss the potential for harmonisation of fertilisation methodologies as a strategy to reduce nutrient loss and overall fertiliser use. A stocktake study of current methods of delivering fertilisation advice took place across 23 European countries. The stocktake was in the form of a questionnaire, comprising 46 questions. Information was gathered on a large range of factors, including soil analysis methods, along with soil, crop and climatic factors taken into consideration within fertilisation calculations. The questionnaire was completed by experts, who are involved in compiling fertilisation recommendations within their country. Substantial differences exist in the content, format and delivery of fertilisation guidelines across Europe. The barriers, constraints and potential benefits of a harmonised approach to fertilisation across Europe are discussed. The general consensus from all participating countries was that harmonisation of fertilisation guidelines should be increased, but it was unclear in what format this could be achieved. Shared learning in the delivery and format of fertilisation guidelines and mechanisms to adhere to environmental legislation were viewed as being beneficial. However, it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to harmonise all soil test data and fertilisation methodologies at EU level due to diverse soil types and agro-ecosystem influences. Nevertheless, increased future collaboration, especially between neighbouring countries within the same environmental zone, was seen as potentially very beneficial. This study is unique in providing current detail on fertilisation practices across European countries in a side-by-side comparison. The gathered data can provide a baseline for the development of scientifically based EU policy targets for nutrient loss and soil fertility evaluation.", "keywords": ["Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "333"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stenberg, Bo, Aronsson, Helena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/32890/1/higgins-s-et-al-20240212.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890", "name": "item", "description": "oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "251021a8f4df4ae9f50e8bd7f013a981", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:30:15Z", "type": "Report", "title": "A global dataset of experimental agricultural management on soil carbon accrual, its synergies and trade-offs", "description": "Maintaining and enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils is proposed as a key practice to mitigate climate change. While there is agreement on the co-benefits of SOC accrual on other agroecosystem services, its potential trade-offs in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient losses are still under debate. We present a global dataset compiling the results of 232 articles that experimentally compare the effects of agricultural management practices with a potential to preserve or enhance SOC against conventional practices. The dataset reports 570 experimental effects of practices to minimise soil disturbance, diversify cropping systems, or increase organic inputs in 254 experiments across 38 countries. The dataset further reports the qualitative (positive, neutral or negative) effects of these management practices on SOC accrual, crop yield, and other response variables related to soil structure, soil biota, CO2 and N2O emissions, and nitrogen and phosphorus losses. This dataset helps understanding the synergies and trade-offs of SOC accrual practices with other ecosystem services, detect current knowledge gaps, and guide future agricultural policies.", "keywords": ["Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "Soil Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Juhanson, Jaanis, Hallin, Sara,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/37377/1/sanchez-moreno-s-et-al-20250612.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/251021a8f4df4ae9f50e8bd7f013a981"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "251021a8f4df4ae9f50e8bd7f013a981", "name": "item", "description": "251021a8f4df4ae9f50e8bd7f013a981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/251021a8f4df4ae9f50e8bd7f013a981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32554", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:39:56Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment", "description": "Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while con- centrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by con- taminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.", "keywords": ["Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "910"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Harder, Robin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/32554/1/buenemann-e-k-et-al-20240122.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32554"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32554", "name": "item", "description": "oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32554", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32554"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "ftslunivuppsala:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-27T16:36:48Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Stocktake study of current fertilisation recommendations across Europe and discussion towards a more harmonised approach", "description": "The European Commission has set targets for a reduction in nutrient losses by at least 50% and a reduction in fertiliser use by at least 20% by 2030 while ensuring no deterioration in soil fertility. Within the mandate of the European Joint Programme EJP Soil 'Towards climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soils', the objective of this study was to assess current fertilisation practices across Europe and discuss the potential for harmonisation of fertilisation methodologies as a strategy to reduce nutrient loss and overall fertiliser use. A stocktake study of current methods of delivering fertilisation advice took place across 23 European countries. The stocktake was in the form of a questionnaire, comprising 46 questions. Information was gathered on a large range of factors, including soil analysis methods, along with soil, crop and climatic factors taken into consideration within fertilisation calculations. The questionnaire was completed by experts, who are involved in compiling fertilisation recommendations within their country. Substantial differences exist in the content, format and delivery of fertilisation guidelines across Europe. The barriers, constraints and potential benefits of a harmonised approach to fertilisation across Europe are discussed. The general consensus from all participating countries was that harmonisation of fertilisation guidelines should be increased, but it was unclear in what format this could be achieved. Shared learning in the delivery and format of fertilisation guidelines and mechanisms to adhere to environmental legislation were viewed as being beneficial. However, it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to harmonise all soil test data and fertilisation methodologies at EU level due to diverse soil types and agro-ecosystem influences. Nevertheless, increased future collaboration, especially between neighbouring countries within the same environmental zone, was seen as potentially very beneficial. This study is unique in providing current detail on fertilisation practices across European countries in a side-by-side comparison. The gathered data can provide a baseline for the development of scientifically based EU policy targets for nutrient loss and soil fertility evaluation.", "keywords": ["Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "333"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stenberg, Bo, Aronsson, Helena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/32890/1/higgins-s-et-al-20240212.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/ftslunivuppsala:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ftslunivuppsala:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890", "name": "item", "description": "ftslunivuppsala:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ftslunivuppsala:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:32890"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Environmental+Sciences+related+to+Agriculture+and+Land-use&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Environmental+Sciences+related+to+Agriculture+and+Land-use&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Environmental+Sciences+related+to+Agriculture+and+Land-use&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Environmental+Sciences+related+to+Agriculture+and+Land-use&offset=18", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 18, "numberReturned": 18, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-27T18:25:45.611295Z"}