{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-07", "title": "Effects Of Drought And N-Fertilization On N Cycling In Two Grassland Soils", "description": "Open AccessOecologia, 171 (3)", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "N2O fluxes", "550", "functional genes", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Nitrification and denitrification", "enzyme activites", "Urine", "630", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "Quantitative PCR", "Climate change; Enzyme activities; Functional genes; Quantitative PCR; Nitrification and denitrification; N2O fluxes", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Animals", "Climate change", "Enzyme activities", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Functional genes", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "Archaea", "Droughts", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "climate change", "Genes", " Bacterial", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "quantitative PCR", "Denitrification", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Cattle", "nitrification and denitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-010-0462-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-26", "title": "The Effect Of Different Tree Species On The Chemical And Microbial Properties Of Reclaimed Mine Soils", "description": "The chemical and microbial properties of afforested mine soils are likely to depend on the species composition of the introduced vegetation. This study compared the chemical and microbial properties of organic horizons and the uppermost mineral layers in mine soils under pure pine (Pinus sylvestris), birch (Betula pendula), larch (Larix decidua), alder (Alnus glutinosa), and mixed pine\u2013alder and birch\u2013alder forest stands. The studied properties included soil pH, content of organic C (Corg) and total N (Nt), microbial biomass (Cmic), basal respiration, nitrogen mineralization rate (Min-N), and the activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphomonoesterase, and urease. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to detect differences in the chemical composition of soil organic matter under the studied forest stands. There were significant differences in Corg and Nt contents between stands in both O and mineral soil horizons and also in the chemical composition of the accumulated organic matter, as indicated by NIR spectra differences. Alder was associated with the largest Corg and Nt accumulation but also with a significant decrease of pH in the mineral soil. Microbial biomass, respiration, the percentage of Corg present as Cmic, Min-N, and dehydrogenase activity were the highest under the birch stand, indicating a positive effect of birch on soil microflora. Admixture of alder to coniferous stand increased basal respiration, Min-N, and activities of dehydrogenase and acid phosphomonoesterase as compared with the pure pine stand. In the O horizon, soil pH and Nt content had the most important effects on all microbial properties. In this horizon, the activities of urease and acid phosphomonoesterase did not depend on microbial biomass. In the mineral layer, however, the amount of accumulated C and microbial biomass were of primary importance for the enzyme activities.", "keywords": ["microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "soil enzyme activities", "NIR spectroscopy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "mine soils", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-010-0462-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-010-0462-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-010-0462-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-010-0462-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-26", "title": "Grazing reduces the capacity of Landscape Function Analysis to predict regional-scale nutrient availability or decomposition, but not total nutrient pools", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Aridity; Enzyme activities; Carbon; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Drylands", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Indicators", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-017-3401-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-11", "title": "Biochemical Proxies Indicate Differences In Soil C Cycling Induced By Long-Term Tillage And Residue Management In A Tropical Agroecosystem", "description": "A potential benefit of conservation agriculture (CA) is soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, yet recent studies indicate limited or no impact of CA on total SOC in tropical agroecosystems. We evaluated biochemical indicators of soil C cycling after 9\u00a0years (18 seasons) of contrasting tillage with and without maize residue retention in western Kenya. Potential activities of C-cycling enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, GLU; \u03b2-galactosidase, GAL; glucosaminidase, GLM; cellobiohydrolase, CEL), permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC), and soil organic matter (SOM) composition (by infrared spectroscopy) were measured. POXC tended to be greater under reduced tillage and residue retention, but did not significantly differ among treatments (\u2264 2% of SOC). Despite no significant differences in SOC concentrations or stocks, activities of all 4 C-cycling enzymes responded strongly to tillage, and to a lesser extent to residue management. Activities of GLU, GAL, and GLM were greatest under the combination of reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments. Reduced tillage produced an enrichment in carboxyl C\u00a0=\u00a0O (+6%) and decreased polysaccharide C-O (\u22123.5%) relative to conventional tillage irrespective of residue management. Though enzyme activities and POXC are typically associated with SOC accrual, changes in soil C cycling at this site have not translated into significant differences in SOC after 9\u00a0years. Elevated enzyme activities may have offset potential SOC accumulation under CA. However, the ratio of C-cycling enzyme activities to SOC was higher under reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments, indicating that stoichiometric scaling of SOC and enzyme activities does not explain absence of significant differences in SOC among tillage and residue managements. Potential factors that may explain the low SOC accrual rates in this tropical agroecosystem included the low, albeit realistic, levels of residue retention, nutrient limitations, and high temperatures favoring decomposition.", "keywords": ["glucosidase", "Conservation agriculture", "actividad enzim\u00e1tica", "residuos", "glucosidasa", "Tillage", "residue", "Enzyme activities", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Soil organic carbon", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Kenya", "agricultura de conservaci\u00f3n", "enzyme activity", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture", "Residue", "13. Climate action", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "labranza", "Glucosidase", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3217p4kt/qt3217p4kt.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3401-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-017-3401-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-017-3401-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-017-3401-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-31", "title": "Effect Of Texture And Tree Species On Microbial Properties Of Mine Soils", "description": "Reestablishment of soil microbial communities is a prerequisite for successful reclamation of post-mining barrens. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of texture of soil substrate and the planted tree species on microbial properties of mine soils reclaimed for forestry. Soil samples were taken from loamy sands and sands afforested with Scots pine and silver birch either in monocultures or in the mixed stands. The samples were measured for the contents of organic C (Corg), total N (Nt) and pH. The examined microbial properties included basal respiration (RESP), microbial biomass (Cmic), Cmic-to-Corg ratio, activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphomonoesterase and urease and community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) studied using Biolog\u00ae Ecoplates. The loamy sands had higher pH, contained more Corg, Nt and Cmic and exhibited higher basal respiration and enzyme activities than the sands. However, their Cmic-to-Corg ratio was lower indicating less availability of Corg for soil microbes compared with the sands. The CLPPs in the loamy sands differed from those in the sands although there was no difference in microbial diversity (expressed as Shannon's diversity index) and activity on the Biolog\u00ae plates between the two textural classes. Tree species did not affect Corg, Nt and Corg-to-Nt ratio and had only a weak effect on CLPPs. However, the values of Cmic, RESP, Cmic-to-Corg ratio, dehydrogenase and urease activities were significantly lower under pine compared with the birch and mixed stands. The obtained results suggest that the texture of soil substrate is of higher importance for microbial properties of the studied mine soils than the planted vegetation.", "keywords": ["tree species", "microbial biomass", "enzyme activities", "CLPP", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "mine soils", "soils texture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-30", "title": "Microplate-Scale Fluorometric Soil Enzyme Assays As Tools To Assess Soil Quality In A Long-Term Agricultural Field Experiment", "description": "Abstract We investigated the potential of microplate-scale fluorometric soil enzyme assays to differentiate plots under contrasting long-term organic and mineral N fertilization regimens to determine the relevance of this analytical approach to soil quality related studies. Enzymes involved in the breakdown of cellulose and hemicellulose showed maximum activities in plots amended with manure. Conversely, the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of starch and phosphate esters peaked under mineral N fertilization. Linear regression analysis indicated close associations between enzyme activities and other fundamental soil properties related to soil quality, and principal component analysis separated the soil samples according to their responses to organic and mineral N fertilization. We conclude that microplate-scale fluorimetry is a fast throughput tool for the measurement of multiple soil enzyme activities as soil quality indicators.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil enzyme activities", " Microplate-scale fluorimetry", " 4-Methylumbelliferone", " Soil quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-05", "title": "Response Of Microbial Activity And Microbial Community Composition In Soils To Long-Term Arsenic And Cadmium Exposure", "description": "Abstract Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in soils can affect soil microbial function and community composition and, therefore, may have effects on soil ecosystem functioning. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of long-term As and Cd contamination on soil microbial community composition and soil enzyme activities. We analyzed soils that have been contaminated 25 years ago and at present still show enhanced levels of either As, 18 and 39\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121, or Cd, 34 and 134\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121. Soil without heavy metal addition served as control. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that bacterial community composition in As and Cd contaminated soils differed from that in the control soil. The same was true for the microbial community composition assessed by analysis of respiratory quinones. Soil fungi and Proteobacteria appeared to be tolerant towards As and Cd, while other groups of bacteria were reduced. The decline in alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase, protease and urease activities in the As- and Cd-contaminated soils was correlated with a decrease of respiratory quinones occuring in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Xylanase activity was unaffected or elevated in the contaminated soils which was correlated with a higher abundance of fungal quinones, and quinones found in Proteobacteria.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "quinones", "cadmium", "arsenic", "microbial community composition", "denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-06", "title": "Direct And Indirect Effects Of Nitrogen Deposition On Litter Decomposition", "description": "Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition can affect litter decomposition directly, by raising soil N availability and the quantity and quality of litter inputs, and indirectly by altering plant community composition. We investigated the importance of these controls on litter decomposition using litter bags placed in annual herb based microcosm ecosystems that had been subject to two rates of N deposition (which raised soil inorganic N availability and stimulated litter inputs) and two planting regimes, namely the plant species compositions of low and high N deposition environments. In each microcosm, we harvested litter bags of 10 annual plant species, over an 8-week period, to determine mass loss from decomposition. Our data showed that species differed greatly in their decomposability, but that these differences were unlikely to affect decomposition at the ecosystem level because there was no correlation between a species\u2019 decomposability and its response to N deposition (measured as population seed production under high N, relative to low N, deposition). Litter mass loss was 2% greater in high N deposition microcosms. Using a comprehensive set of measurements of the microcosm soil environments, we found that the most statistically likely explanation for this effect was increased soil enzyme activity (cellobiosidase, \u03b2-glucosidase and \u03b2-xylosidase), which appears to have occurred in response to a combination of raised soil inorganic N availability and stimulated litter inputs. Our data indicate that direct effects of N deposition on litter input and soil N availability significantly affected decomposition but indirect effects did not. We argue that indirect effects of changes to plant species composition could be stronger in natural ecosystems, which often contain a greater diversity of plant functional types than those considered here.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Litter decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrogen deposition", "630", "Plant species composition", "C:N ratio", "13. Climate action", "Decomposer community", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzyme activities"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Soil extracellular enzyme activities, soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activities (EEA). Extracellular enzymes have not been represented in global biogeochemical models. Understanding the relationships among EEA and SOC, soil N (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under N fertilization would enable modeling of the influence of EEA on SOC decomposition. Based on 65 published studies, we synthesized the activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (AG), \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), urease (UREA), acid phosphatase (AP), phenol oxidase (PHO), and peroxidase (PEO) in response to N fertilization. The proxy variables for hydrolytic C acquisition enzymes (C-acq), N acquisition (N-acq), and oxidative decomposition (OX) were calculated as the sum of AG, BG, CBH and BX; AG and LAP; PHO and PEO, respectively. The relationships between response ratios (RRs) of EEA and SOC, TN, or MBC were explored when they were reported simultaneously. Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased CBH, C-acq, AP, BX, BG, AG, and UREA activities by 6.4, 9.1, 10.6, 11.0, 11.2, 12.0, and 18.6%, but decreased PEO, OX and PHO by 6.1, 7.9 and 11.1%, respectively. N fertilization enhanced SOC and TN by 7.6% and 15.3%, respectively, but inhibited MBC by 9.5%. Significant positive correlations were found only between the RRs of C-acq and MBC, suggesting that changes in combined hydrolase activities might act as a proxy for MBC under N fertilization. In contrast with other variables, the RRs of AP, MBC, and TN showed unidirectional trends under different edaphic, environmental, and physiological conditions. Our results provide the first comprehensive set of evidence of how hydrolase and oxidase activities respond to N fertilization in various ecosystems. Future large-scale model projections could incorporate the observed relationship between hydrolases and microbial biomass as a proxy for C acquisition under global N enrichment scenarios in different ecosystems.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "570", "Science & Technology", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY", "Microbial Biomass Carbon (Mbc)", "Soil Science", "610", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "Meta-analysis", "Nitrogen Fertilization", "METHANE OXIDATION", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Carbon (Soc)", "ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY", "DEPOSITION", "ELEVATED CO2", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Extracellular Enzyme Activities (Eea)", "GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-19", "title": "Experimentally testing the species-habitat size relationship on soil bacteria: A proof of concept", "description": "Abstract The species-area relationship is one of the most widely reported ecological theories accounting for biodiversity of plants and animals. However, we lack solid experimental data demonstrating whether this key ecological theorem also applies in the microbial world. Here, we conducted a microcosm study to evaluate the role of habitat area in driving the diversity, abundance, composition and functioning (i.e., four enzyme activities linked to organic matter decomposition) of soil bacterial communities. Thus, we aim to evaluate whether the principle of species-area relationship is potentially applicable to soil microbes. We established a fully factorial experimental design of three island sizes (\u223c9, 50 and 150\u202fcm2) by two sterile soils (low, high resources). After six months of glasshouse incubation, habitat-area was positively related to bacterial richness, relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and \u03b4-proteobacteria, and soil functions in both soils. Soil with higher resources always had the greatest bacterial richness and functions. Our findings provide a proof of concept by demonstrating the potential importance of both habitat-area and resource availability in driving soil bacterial biodiversity and functioning.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "habitat (ecology)", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Bacterial diversity; Decomposition; Ecological theory; Miseq Illumina; Extracellular enzyme activities; quantitative PCR.", "soil biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "biodegradation", "soil microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/brv.12949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-14", "title": "Trade\u2010offs in carbon\u2010degrading enzyme activities limit long\u2010term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition", "description": "ABSTRACT

Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (<1\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (\uffe2\uff89\uffa51\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.Thermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. No adaptations to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.15\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921, control: 2.34\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Q10 warmed: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.06, control: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23, control 2.75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.03, control: 0.88\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich calcareous temperate forest soils.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "substrate use efficiency", "Nitrogen", "ARCTIC SOIL", "Acclimatization", "Forests", "soil CO2 efflux", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "Soil", "gross N mineralization", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "thermal adaptation", "EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES", "CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY", "soil warming", "Enzyme activities", "BEECH FOREST", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Soil CO efflux", "NITROGEN AVAILABILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "Thermal adaptation", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "106022 Microbiology", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CYCLE FEEDBACKS", "Gross N mineralization", "Seasons", "Substrate use efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-25", "title": "Fungal Community Composition And Function After Long-Term Exposure Of Northern Forests To Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O-3", "description": "The long-term effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric O3 concentrations on fungal communities in soil are not well understood. Here, we examine fungal community composition and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) after 10 years of exposure to 1.5 times ambient levels of CO2 and O3 in aspen and aspen-birch forest ecosystems, and compare these results to earlier studies in the same long-term experiment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Elevated Ozone", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Long\u2010Term", "Enzyme Activities", "Elevated Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "Fungal Communities"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-05", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition, Vegetation Burning And Climate Warming Act Independently On Microbial Community Structure And Enzyme Activity Associated With Decomposing Litter In Low-Alpine Heath", "description": "Abstract

Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heathlands are thought to be particularly sensitive to nitrogen (N) deposition, climate and land management change, yet little is known about how these factors regulate key belowground processes, like litter turnover, under field conditions. Here we use an in situ factorial field experiment to test the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition, climate manipulation and past vegetation burning, and their interactions, on litter decomposition and the activity and diversity of associated microorganisms. The use of litter from within (native) and outwith (standard) the experimental plots also enabled us to test whether decomposition and microbial functional diversity is driven primarily by soil conditions or litter chemistry. In general, extracellular enzyme activities of litter were driven by additions of simulated N deposition with phosphatase being the most responsive. We found that standard litter incubated in plots that had been burnt 8 years previously decomposed slower and lost less N and phosphorus than in unburnt plots. This material also had associated with it the greatest activity of glucosidase and the least diverse microbial community, as assessed by culture\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent methods. Although all treatments significantly affected microbial diversity, burning explained most of the variability, indicating a close coupling between plant and microbial communities in these treatments. A striking feature of all the data relating to both standard and native litter was an almost complete lack of interactive effects between the treatments. The lack of interactions between the treatments indicates that each perturbation might affect different mechanisms in the decomposition process (including the composition of associated microbial communities) and nutrient cycling.

", "keywords": ["climate change", "enzyme activities", "soil microorganisms", "soil bacteria", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "soil fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-14", "title": "Delivery rate alters the effects of tire wear particles on soil microbial activities", "description": "Abstract Background

Tire wear particles (TWPs) produced by the abrasion between tires and road surfaces have been recognized as an emerging threat to soil health globally in recent years. They can be transported from the road surface to adjacent soil at different delivery rates, with precipitation a main driver underpinning this movement. However, studies typically assume an abrupt exposure of TWPs in their experimental design. In this study, we investigated the impacts of abrupt and gradual delivery of TWPs on soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities. We used two different delivery rates of TWPs (abrupt and gradual) and devised two experimental phases, namely the TWPs-delivery period (phase 1) and the end-of-delivery period (phase 2).

Results

We found that the gradual TWPs delivery treatments negatively influenced the activity of carbon cycle-related enzymes (\uffce\uffb2-glucosidase and \uffce\uffb2-D-1,4-cellobiosidase). Furthermore, the abrupt treatment highly increased the effects on nitrogen cycle-related enzyme activity (\uffce\uffb2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase). In phase 2 (end-of-delivery period), each enzyme activity was returned to a similar level as the control group, and these changes between phases 1 and 2 depended on the prior delivery rates.

Conclusion

Abruptly and gradually delivered TWPs induce different responses to soil microbial activities. Our findings imply that the delivery rate of TWPs could be a key factor changing the effects of TWPs, further enhancing our understanding of the ecological impacts of TWPs.

Graphical Abstract", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Microplastics", "Soil pH", "Soil respiration", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Environmental law", "Gradual exposure", "13. Climate action", "Enzyme activities", "GE1-350", "Abrupt exposure", "K3581-3598", "Soil aggregates", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17169/refubium-43437", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-14", "title": "Delivery rate alters the effects of tire wear particles on soil microbial activities", "description": "Abstract Background

Tire wear particles (TWPs) produced by the abrasion between tires and road surfaces have been recognized as an emerging threat to soil health globally in recent years. They can be transported from the road surface to adjacent soil at different delivery rates, with precipitation a main driver underpinning this movement. However, studies typically assume an abrupt exposure of TWPs in their experimental design. In this study, we investigated the impacts of abrupt and gradual delivery of TWPs on soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities. We used two different delivery rates of TWPs (abrupt and gradual) and devised two experimental phases, namely the TWPs-delivery period (phase 1) and the end-of-delivery period (phase 2).

Results

We found that the gradual TWPs delivery treatments negatively influenced the activity of carbon cycle-related enzymes (\uffce\uffb2-glucosidase and \uffce\uffb2-D-1,4-cellobiosidase). Furthermore, the abrupt treatment highly increased the effects on nitrogen cycle-related enzyme activity (\uffce\uffb2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase). In phase 2 (end-of-delivery period), each enzyme activity was returned to a similar level as the control group, and these changes between phases 1 and 2 depended on the prior delivery rates.

Conclusion

Abruptly and gradually delivered TWPs induce different responses to soil microbial activities. Our findings imply that the delivery rate of TWPs could be a key factor changing the effects of TWPs, further enhancing our understanding of the ecological impacts of TWPs.

Graphical Abstract", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Microplastics", "Soil pH", "Soil respiration", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "Abrupt exposure ; Soil respiration ; Soil pH ; 25 Years SETAC GLB and 30 Years of GDCh ; Soil aggregates ; Research ; Microplastics ; Gradual exposure ; Enzyme activities", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Environmental law", "Gradual exposure", "13. Climate action", "Enzyme activities", "GE1-350", "Abrupt exposure", "K3581-3598", "Soil aggregates", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00918-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-43437"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17169/refubium-43437", "name": "item", "description": "10.17169/refubium-43437", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17169/refubium-43437"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/03-5120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Modifies Soil Carbon Storage Through Changes In Microbial Enzymatic Activity", "description": "

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition derived from fossil\uffe2\uff80\uff90fuel combustion, land clearing, and biomass burning is occurring over large geographical regions on nearly every continent. Greater ecosystem N availability can result in greater aboveground carbon (C) sequestration, but little is understood as to how soil C storage could be altered by N deposition. High concentrations of inorganic N accelerate the degradation of easily decomposable litter and slow the decomposition of recalcitrant litter containing large amounts of lignin. This pattern has been attributed to stimulation or repression of different sets of microbial extracellular enzymes. We hypothesized that soil C cycling in forest ecosystems with markedly different litter chemistry and decomposition rates would respond to anthropogenic N deposition in a manner consistent with the biochemical composition of the dominant vegetation. Specifically, oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystems with low litter quality should gain soil C, and sugar maple ecosystems with high litter quality should lose soil C in response to high levels of N deposition (80 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed over a three\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period a significant loss of soil C (20%) from a sugar maple\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystem and a significant gain (10%) in soil C in an oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystem, a result that appears to be mediated by the regulation of the microbial extracellular enzyme phenol oxidase. Elevated N deposition resulted in changes in soil carbon that were ecosystem specific and resulted from the divergent regulatory control of microbial extracellular enzymes by soil N availability.

", "keywords": ["forests", "13. Climate action", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "soil enzyme activities", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "northern temperate", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Michigan (USA)", "carbon sequestration", "N deposition"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Waldrop, Mark P., Zak, Donald R., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., Gallo, Marcy, Lauber, Chris,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/03-5120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/03-5120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/03-5120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/d2060910", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-07", "description": "

This study evaluated microbial communities of soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) as affected by dryland cropping systems under different tillage practices after 5 years. The soil type was an Olton sandy loam with an average of 16.4% clay, 67.6% sand and 0.65 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of organic matter (OM). The cropping systems evaluated were grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff94cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (Srg-Ct), cotton-winter rye (Secale cereale)-grain sorghum (Ct-Rye-Srg), and a rotation of forage (f) sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. and Sorghum sudanense) with winter rye (Srf-Rye), which were under no-tillage (nt) and conventional tillage (ct) practices. Soil microbial communities under cotton based cropping systems (Srg-Ct and Ct-Rye-Srg) showed lower fungal:bacterial ratios compared to the soil under Srf-Rye. Soil under Srf-Rye showed higher population densities of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria while lower Actinobacteria compared to Srg-Ct and Ct-Rye-Srg. Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobiae were higher in tilled soil compared to the no-tilled plots. Regardless the limited irrigation available to sustain agricultural production within these dryland cropping systems, this study demonstrated that differences in microbial communities are more affected by crop rotation than tillage management history. Although soil fungal diversity was not analyzed in this study, pyrosequencing suggests that tillage practices can affect bacterial phyla distribution in this sandy soil.

", "keywords": ["FAME analysis", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "QH301-705.5", "bacterial diversity", "cropping systems", "pyrosequencing; soil microbial communities; bacterial diversity; FAME analysis; enzyme activities; cropping systems; tillage; GRACEnet", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "GRACEnet", "03 medical and health sciences", "pyrosequencing", "enzyme activities", "soil microbial communities", "tillage", "Biology (General)"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/2/6/910/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/d2060910"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Diversity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/d2060910", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/d2060910", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/d2060910"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae10010042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-31", "title": "Effect of Biofertilizers on Broccoli Yield and Soil Quality Indicators", "description": "

High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.

", "keywords": ["CO2", "Brassica oleracea var italica Plenck", "PLFAs", "Biofertilizers", "N2O", "CH4", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "Enzyme activities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "biofertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "N2O", "Plant culture", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "3101.02 Fabricaci\u00f3n de Abonos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae10010042", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae10010042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae10010042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-58392015000500014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-09", "description": "Straw mulching is an effective measure to improve soil properties, crop growth, and yield. To further understand the advantage mechanisms of straw mulching, a field experiment with seven straw mulching levels (0 to 18 000 kg ha-1) was conducted to study the effects of straw mulching on maize (Zea mays L.) photosynthesis and rhizosphere soil micro-ecological environment. Results showed that maize chlorophyll content was evidently affected by straw mulching, and the highest chlorophyll content was at 12 000 kg ha-1 (M4). Straw mulching could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of maize, and the difference between M4 and 0 kg ha-1 (M0) was significant. There was as trend change in soil microbe quantity; it first increased and then decreased with increasing straw mulching levels, and the most suitable straw mulching level for different types of microorganisms was 9000 kg ha-1 (M3) or M4. Straw mulching significantly enhanced soil enzyme urease, invertase, dehydrogenase, and protease activities, but when the straw mulching level reached a certain level, the effect of straw mulching was no longer apparent and even had some adverse effects at straw mulching levels higher than 15 000 kg ha-1 (M5). Yield in M4 (10 186.84 kg ha-1) was the highest compared with M0 (9365.12 kg ha-1), and yield significantly increased by 8.8%. Correlation analyses indicated that the soil microbe quantity and aforementioned enzyme activities were all significantly and positively correlated with maize chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and yield. Findings suggest that straw mulching can apparently increase soil microbe quantity and enzyme activities and improve crop photosynthesis and yield; the M4 level is the most reasonable straw mulching level in this study under comprehensive consideration, and a straw mulching level that is too high (over M5) will have some negative effects.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "photosynthesis", "enzyme activities", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "microbe quantity", "yield", "Chlorophyll content", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Xiangqian, Qian, Yiliang, Cao, Chengfu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392015000500014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chilean%20journal%20of%20agricultural%20research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-58392015000500014", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-58392015000500014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-58392015000500014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Contribution of wheat and maize to soil organic carbon in a wheat-maize cropping system: a field and laboratory study", "description": "unspecifiedRetention of crop biomass is widely recommended to improve soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the magnitude of contribution of aboveground residues and belowground roots from C3 and C4 crops to SOC is unclear. Data from a 10-year field experiment and a 60-day laboratory incubation were synthesized to identify the respective contribution of C3 (e.g., wheat) and C4 (e.g., maize) residues and roots to SOC, as well as its underlying mechanisms under no-till (NT) using 13C labelling trace in wheat-maize rotations. The field experiment showed that residue retention significantly increased SOC accumulation, and SOC derived from wheat was 126.0% higher than that from maize. Conversion to NT promoted SOC derived from wheat and thus accumulated 17.6% higher SOC stock compared with plow tillage (PT) under residue returning at 0-20 cm soil depth (P<0.05). The data from laboratory incubation revealed the mechanisms that lower priming effects at 0-10 cm depth decreased total mineralization by 91.8% after inputs of wheat residues and roots compared with that of maize residues and roots, especially under NT compared with PT. Priming effects were negatively correlated with enzyme activities associated with the C recycle, SOC, and total nitrogen (TN) contents (P<0.01). NT increased enzyme activities, SOC, and TN contents and thus reduced priming effects and improved residual C. Synthesis and applications. These results suggested that wheat may contribute more to SOC accumulation than maize, and carbon increment efficiency in farmland could be enhanced by considering the crucial roles of C3 crops in SOC accumulation. NT practice sustains the benefits of C3 crops to SOC sequestration in the upper soil depths.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Argoecosystem", "C3 and C4 crops", "no-till", "Crop residues and roots", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Enzyme activities", "15. Life on land", "Priming effect", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Hai-Lin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10317/17247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-31", "title": "Effect of Biofertilizers on Broccoli Yield and Soil Quality Indicators", "description": "

High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.

", "keywords": ["CO2", "Brassica oleracea var italica Plenck", "PLFAs", "Biofertilizers", "N2O", "CH4", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "Enzyme activities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "biofertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "N2O", "Plant culture", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "3101.02 Fabricaci\u00f3n de Abonos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10317/17247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10317/17247", "name": "item", "description": "10317/17247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10317/17247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/21392", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-14", "title": "Trade\u2010offs in carbon\u2010degrading enzyme activities limit long\u2010term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition", "description": "ABSTRACT

Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (<1\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (\uffe2\uff89\uffa51\uffc2\uffa0year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.

Soil microbes provide multiple ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, decomposition and climate regulation. However, we lack a quantitative understanding of the relative importance of microbial richness and composition in controlling multifunctionality. This knowledge gap limits our capacity to understand the influence of biotic attributes in the provision of services and functions on which humans depend.

We used two independent approaches (i.e. experimental and observational), and applied statistical modelling to identify the role and relative importance of bacterial richness and composition in driving multifunctionality (here defined as seven measures of respiration and enzyme activities). In the observational study, we measured soil microbial communities and functions in both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and bare soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated microsites at 22 locations across a 1,200\uffc2\uffa0km transect in southeastern Australia. In the experimental study we used soils from two of those locations and developed gradients of bacterial diversity and composition through inoculation of sterilized soils.

Microbial richness and the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were positively related to multifunctionality in both the observational and experimental approaches; however, only Bacteroidetes was consistently selected as a key predictor of multifunctionality across all experimental approaches and statistical models used here. Moreover, our results, from two different approaches, provide evidence that microbial richness and composition are both important, yet independent, drivers of multiple ecosystem functions.

Overall, our findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning relationships between microbial diversity and ecosystem functionality in terrestrial ecosystems, and further suggest that information on microbial richness and composition needs to be considered when formulating sustainable management and conservation policies, and when predicting the effects of global change on ecosystem functions.

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