{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-18", "title": "Linking soil extracellular enzymes with soil respiration under altered litter inputs", "description": "<p>Climate and land-use changes have altered both litter quality and quantity, with cascading impacts on soil respiration (SR). Soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) like cellulase and ligninase are crucial for deconstructing plant litter because they convert polymers into monomers. However, whether and how changes in litter inputs influence soil cellulase and ligninase activities as well as the implications for SR remain poorly understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 827 observations on the responses of SR and soil cellulase and ligninase activities to litter addition and litter removal. Litter addition significantly increased cellulase activity by 25 %, whereas litter removal decreased it by 26 %. Neither litter addition nor litter removal affected ligninase activity. Changes in cellulase activity correlated positively with SR under both litter addition and litter removal, but no such relationship was found for ligninase activity. These results indicate that changes in litter inputs affect SR primarily by affecting the microbial decomposition of readily decomposable rather than more structurally complex carbon pools. In addition, the effects of changes in litter inputs on cellulase activity decreased with treatment duration, suggesting that the long-term effects of changes in litter inputs on SR might be smaller than previously thought. Our results underscore the dominant role of cellulase in mediating the responses of SR to altered litter inputs. Integrating cellulase responses to altered litter inputs into Earth system models could improve the representation of microbial processes and refine the predictions of soil carbon dynamics.</p>", "keywords": ["Soil carbon pools", "Litter alternations", "Soil respiration", "Global changes", "Soil extracellular enzymes", "Soil microorganisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-15", "title": "Microbial Community Structure And Oxidative Enzyme Activity In Nitrogen-Amended North Temperate Forest Soils", "description": "Large regions of temperate forest are subject to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition which can affect soil organic matter dynamics by altering mass loss rates, soil respiration, and dissolved organic matter production. At present there is no general model that links these responses to changes in the organization and operation of microbial decomposer communities. Toward that end, we studied the response of litter and soil microbial communities to high levels of N amendment (30 and 80 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) in three types of northern temperate forest: sugar maple/basswood (SMBW), sugar maple/red oak (SMRO), and white oak/black oak (WOBO). We measured the activity of extracellular enzymes (EEA) involved directly in the oxidation of lignin and humus (phenol oxidase, peroxidase), and indirectly, through the production of hydrogen peroxide (glucose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase). Community composition was analyzed by extracting and quantifying phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils. Litter EEA responses at SMBW sites diverged from those at oak-bearing sites (SMRO, BOWO), but the changes were not statistically significant. For soil, EEA responses were consistent across forests types: phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities declined as a function of N dose (33-73% and 5-41%, respectively, depending on forest type); glucose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase activities increased (200-400% and 150-300%, respectively, depending on forest type). Principal component analysis (PCA) ordinated forest types and treatment responses along two axes; factor 1 (44% of variance) was associated with phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, factor 2 (31%) with glucose oxidase. Microbial biomass did not respond to N treatment, but nine of the 23 PLFA that formed >1 mol% of total biomass showed statistically significant treatment responses. PCA ordinated forest types and treatment responses along three axes (36%, 26%, 12% of variance). EEA factors 1 and 2 correlated negatively with PLFA factor 1 ( r = -0.20 and -0.35, respectively, n = 108) and positively with PLFA factor 3 ( r = +0.36 and +0.20, respectively, n = 108). In general, EEA responses were more strongly tied to changes in bacterial PLFA than to changes in fungal PLFA. Collectively, our data suggests that N inhibition of oxidative activity involves more than the repression of ligninase expression by white-rot basidiomycetes.", "keywords": ["Michigan", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Nature Conservation", "Microbiology", "Trees", "Soil", "Geoecology/Natural Processes", "Health Sciences", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Principal Component Analysis", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-02", "title": "Microbial Responses To Long-Term N Deposition In A Semiarid Grassland", "description": "Nitrogen (N) enrichment of the biosphere is an expanding problem to which arid ecosystems may be particularly sensitive. In semiarid grasslands, scarce precipitation uncouples plant and microbial activities, and creates within the soil a spatial mosaic of rhizosphere and cyanobacterial crust communities. We investigated the impact of elevated N deposition on these soil microbial communities at a grama-dominated study site located incentral New Mexico (USA). The study plots were established in 1995 and receive 10 kg ha(-1) year(-1) of supplemental N in the form of NH(4)NO(3). Soil samples were collected in July 2004, following 2 years of severe drought, and again in March 2005 following a winter of record high precipitation. Soils were assayed for potential activities of 20 extracellular enzymes and N(2)O production. The rhizosphere and crust-associated soils had peptidase and peroxidase potentials that were extreme in relation to those of temperate soils. N addition enhanced glycosidase and phosphatase activities and depressed peptidase. In contrast to temperate forest soils, oxidative enzyme activity did not respond to N treatment. Across sampling dates, extracellular enzyme activity responses correlated with inorganic N concentrations. N(2)O generation did not vary significantly with soil cover or N treatment. Microbial responses to N deposition in this semiarid grassland were distinct from those of forest ecosystems and appear to be modulated by inorganic N accumulation, which is linked to precipitation patterns.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Principal Component Analysis", "Ecology", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "beta-Glucosidase", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Trees", "Leucyl Aminopeptidase", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology", "Peroxidase", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-01", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Municipal Solid Waste Amendment On Microbial Abundance And Humus-Associated Enzyme Activities Under Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Microbial ecology is the key to understanding the function of soil biota for organic matter cycling after a single amendment of organic waste in semiarid soils. Therefore, in this paper, the long-term effect (17 years) of adding different doses of a solid municipal waste to an arid soil on humus-enzyme complexes, a very stable and long-lasting fraction of soil enzymes, as well as on microbial and plant abundance, was studied. Humic substances were extracted by 0.1 M pH 7 sodium pyrophosphate from soil samples collected in experimental plots amended with different doses of a solid municipal waste (0, 65, 130, 195, and 260 t/ha) 17 years before. The activity of different hydrolases related with the C (beta-glucosidase), N (urease), and P (alkaline phosphatase) cycles and with the formation of humic substances (o-diphenol oxidase) were determined in this extract. The density and diversity of plant cover in the plots, as well as the fungal and bacterial biomass (by analyzing phopholipid fatty acids) were also determined. In general, the amended plots showed greater humic substance-related enzymatic activity than the unamended plots. This activity increased with the dose but only up to a certain level, above which it leveled off or even diminished. Plant diversity and cover density followed the same trend. Fungal and bacterial biomass also benefited in a dose-dependent manner. Different signature molecules representing gram+ and gram- bacteria, and those corresponding to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids showed a similar behavior. The results demonstrate that organic amendment had a noticeable long-term effect on the vegetal development, humic substances-related enzyme activity and on the development of bacteria and fungi in semiarid conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Ergosterol", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Humic Substances", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-012-9890-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-28", "title": "Changes In Labile Organic Carbon Fractions And Soil Enzyme Activities After Marshland Reclamation And Restoration In The Sanjiang Plain In Northeast China", "description": "The extensive reclamation of marshland into cropland has tremendously impacted the ecological environment of the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China. To understand the impacts of marshland reclamation and restoration on soil properties, we investigated the labile organic carbon fractions and the soil enzyme activities in an undisturbed marshland, a cultivated marshland and three marshlands that had been restored for 3, 6 and 12 years. Soil samples collected from the different management systems at a depth of 0-20 cm in July 2009 were analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and easily degradable organic carbon. In addition, the activities of the invertase, \u03b2-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase were determined. These enzymes are involved in C, N and P cycling, respectively. Long-term cultivation resulted in decreased SOC, DOC, MBC, microbial quotient and C (invertase, \u03b2-glucosidase) and N-transforming (urease) enzyme activities compared with undisturbed marshland. After marshland restoration, the MBC and DOC concentrations and the soil invertase, \u03b2-glucosidase and urease activities increased. Soil DOC and MBC concentrations are probably the main factors responsible for the different invertase, \u03b2-glucosidase and urease activities. In addition, marshland restoration caused a significant increase in the microbial quotient, which reflects enhanced efficiency of organic substrate use by microbial biomass. Our observations demonstrated that soil quality recovered following marshland restoration. DOC, MBC and invertase, \u03b2-glucosidase and urease activities were sensitive for discriminating soil ecosystems under the different types of land use. Thus, these parameters should be considered to be indicators for detecting changes in soil quality and environmental impacts in marshlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9890-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-012-9890-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-012-9890-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-012-9890-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-27", "title": "Microbial Responses To Nitrogen Addition In Three Contrasting Grassland Ecosystems", "description": "The effects of global N enrichment on soil processes in grassland ecosystems have received relatively little study. We assessed microbial community response to experimental increases in N availability by measuring extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) in soils from three grasslands with contrasting edaphic and climatic characteristics: a semiarid grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA (SEV), and mesic grasslands at Konza Prairie, Kansas, USA (KNZ) and Ukulinga Research Farm, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (SAF). We hypothesized that, with N enrichment, soil microbial communities would increase C and P acquisition activity, decrease N acquisition activity, and reduce oxidative enzyme production (leading to recalcitrant soil organic matter [SOM] accumulation), and that the magnitude of response would decrease with soil age (due to higher stabilization of enzyme pools and P limitation of response). Cellulolytic activities followed the pattern predicted, increasing 35-52% in the youngest soil (SEV), 10-14% in the intermediate soil (KNZ) and remaining constant in the oldest soil (SAF). The magnitude of phosphatase response did not vary among sites. N acquisition activity response was driven by the enzyme closest to its pH optimum in each soil: i.e., leucine aminopeptidase in alkaline soil, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in acidic soil. Oxidative enzyme activity varied widely across ecosystems, but did not decrease with N amendment at any site. Likewise, SOM and %C pools did not respond to N enrichment. Between-site variation in both soil properties and EEA exceeded any treatment response, and a large portion of EEA variability (leucine aminopeptidase and oxidative enzymes), 68% as shown by principal components analysis, was strongly related to soil pH (r = 0.91, P < 0.001). In these grassland ecosystems, soil microbial responses appear constrained by a molecular-scale (pH) edaphic factor, making potential breakdown rates of SOM resistant to N enrichment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Analysis of Variance", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "New Mexico", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Kansas", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "Soil", "South Africa", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-10", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function", "description": "Open AccessA field study was carried out to analyze the short-term impacts of replacing mineral by organic fertilizers on the microbial and biochemical parameters relevant for soil fertility and crop yield. Three types of fertilization regimes were compared: (1) conventional fertilizer regime with inorganic fertilizer, and combined integrated fertilizer regimes in which 25 % of the nutrients were supplied by either (2) rabbit manure or (3) vermicompost. The effects on microbial community structure and function (phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] profiles, bacterial growth, fungal growth, basal respiration, \u03b2-glucosidase, protease and phosphomonoesterase activities), soil biochemical properties (total C, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], N-NH4 +, N-NO3 \u2212, PO4, total K) and crop yield were investigated in the samples collected from the experimental soil at harvest, 3 months after addition of fertilizer. The integrated fertilizer regimes stimulated microbial growth, altered the structure of soil microbial community and increased enzyme activity relative to inorganic fertilization. Bacterial growth was particularly influenced by the type of fertilizer regime supplied, while fungal growth only responded to the amount of fertilizer provided. The use of manure produced a fast increase in the abundance of PLFA biomarkers for Gram-negative bacteria as compared to inorganic fertilizer. Nutrient supply and crop yield with organic fertilizers were maintained at similar levels to those obtained with inorganic fertilizer. The effects of the organic amendments were observed even when they involved a small portion of the total amount of nutrients supplied; thereby confirming that some of the beneficial effects of integrated fertilizer strategies may occur in the short term.", "keywords": ["Manure", "2. Zero hunger", "2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "13. Climate action", "Sustainable agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "PLFAs", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vermicompost", "6. Clean water", "Organic fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-04", "title": "Fungal Community Composition And Metabolism Under Elevated Co2 And O-3", "description": "Atmospheric CO(2) and O(3) concentrations are increasing due to human activity and both trace gases have the potential to alter C cycling in forest ecosystems. Because soil microorganisms depend on plant litter as a source of energy for metabolism, changes in the amount or the biochemistry of plant litter produced under elevated CO(2) and O(3) could alter microbial community function and composition. Previously, we have observed that elevated CO(2) increased the microbial metabolism of cellulose and chitin, whereas elevated O(3) dampened this response. We hypothesized that this change in metabolism under CO(2) and O(3) enrichment would be accompanied by a concomitant change in fungal community composition. We tested our hypothesis at the free-air CO(2) and O(3) enrichment (FACE) experiment at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, in which Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, and Acer saccharum were grown under factorial CO(2) and O(3) treatments. We employed extracellular enzyme analysis to assay microbial metabolism, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to determine changes in microbial community composition, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to analyze the fungal community composition. The activities of 1,4-beta-glucosidase (+37%) and 1,4,-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (+84%) were significantly increased under elevated CO(2), whereas 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity (-25%) was significantly suppressed by elevated O(3). There was no significant main effect of elevated CO(2) or O(3) on fungal relative abundance, as measured by PLFA. We identified 39 fungal taxonomic units from soil using DGGE, and found that O(3) enrichment significantly altered fungal community composition. We conclude that fungal metabolism is altered under elevated CO(2) and O(3), and that there was a concomitant change in fungal community composition under elevated O(3). Thus, changes in plant inputs to soil under elevated CO(2) and O(3) can propagate through the microbial food web to alter the cycling of C in soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Food Chain", "Extracellular Enzymes", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Polymerase Chain Reaction\u2013Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "01 natural sciences", "Soil Microbial Community", "Soil", "Ozone", "Health Sciences", "Acetylglucosaminidase", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "beta-Glucosidase", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Fungal Metabolism", "Carbon", "Free-air CO 2 and O 3 Enrichment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Extracellular Space"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Trace Elements And Activity Of Antioxidative Enzymes In Cistus Ladanifer L. Growing On An Abandoned Mine Area", "description": "The Mediterranean shrub Cistus ladanifer grows naturally in S\u00e3o Domingos (Portugal), an abandoned copper mine. High levels of trace elements in plants can generate oxidative stress increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare As, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and the activity of the soluble and cell wall ionically bounded forms of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves of C. ladanifer, collected in spring and summer, growing on S\u00e3o Domingos mine and on a non-contaminated area (Pomar\u00e3o). S\u00e3o Domingos soils showed high total concentrations of As (2.6 g kg(-1)) and Pb (7.3 g kg(-1)) however the available fraction represented less than 1.5% of the total. C. ladanifer population from mine showed tolerance to Pb and Zn, which attain in leaves concentrations considered toxic for plants. The enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidise and superoxide dismutase varied with plant populations and seasons, although with no particular trend, being specific to each trace element and enzyme cell localization. Catalase activity was evenly distributed between the soluble and ionically bounded forms, whereas the ionically bounded form of peroxidase predominated relatively to total activity, and the opposite was observed for superoxide dismutase. Spring and summer leaves from the two areas presented enzymatic activities in both fractions except to peroxidase soluble activities in leaves collected in summer. C. ladanifer enzymatic activity seems to be related with the co-existence of different stress factors (trace elements concentration, temperature, UV radiation and drought). The survival and growth of this species on contaminated mining soils is due to the presence of effective antioxidant enzyme-based defence systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "trace elements", "Industrial Waste", "antioxidative enzymes", "Antioxidative enzymes", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Soil", "Cell Wall", "Soil Pollutants", "adaptative capacity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "Cistus", "Adaptative capacity", "15. Life on land", "Sulphide abandoned mine", "cistus ladanifer L.", "Trace Elements", "Plant Leaves", "Oxidative Stress", "sulphide abandoned mine", "Cistus ladanifer L.", "Oxidoreductases", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-11", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Effects On Soil Organic Matter Chemistry Are Linked To Variation In Enzymes, Ecosystems And Size Fractions", "description": "Recent research has dramatically advanced our understanding of soil organic matter chemistry and the role of N in some organic matter transformations, but the effects of N deposition on soil C dynamics remain difficult to anticipate. We examined soil organic matter chemistry and enzyme kinetics in three size fractions (>250 \u03bcm, 63\u2013250 \u03bcm, and  250 \u03bcm fraction of the sugar maple\u2013basswood ecosystem from 0.9 to 3.3 but there were no changes in other size classes or in the black oak\u2013white oak ecosystem. Third, simulated N deposition increased the ratio of lignin derivatives to N-bearing compounds in the 63\u2013250 and >250 \u03bcm fractions in both ecosystems but not in the  63 \u03bcm) where there were multiple correlations between oxidative enzyme activities and concentrations of lignin derivatives and between glycanolytic enzyme activities and concentrations of carbohydrates. Within silt-clay fractions (<63 \u03bcm), these enzyme-substrate correlations were attenuated by interactions with particle surfaces. Our results demonstrate that variation in enzyme activity resulting from atmospheric N deposition is directly linked to changes in soil organic matter chemistry, particularly those that occur within coarse soil size fractions.", "keywords": ["Carbon structure", "Soil organic matter", "13. Climate action", "Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "Nitrogen deposition", "Enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-18", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Fertilizer On Soil Enzymatic Activity Of Wheat Field Soil In Loess Plateau, China", "description": "The effects of long-term (29 years) fertilization on local agro-ecosystems in the Loess Plateau of northwest China, containing a single or combinations of inorganic (Nitrogen, N; Phosphate, P) and organic (Mature, M Straw, S) fertilizer, including N, NP, SNP, M, MNP, and a control. The soil enzymes, including dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and glomalin, were investigated in three physiological stages (Jointing, Dough, and Maturity) of wheat growth at three depths of the soil profile (0-15, 16-30, 31-45 cm). We found that the application of farmyard manure and straw produced the highest values of soil enzymatic activity, especially a balanced applied treatment of MNP. Enzymatic activity was lowest in the control. Values were generally highest at dough, followed by the jointing and maturity stages, and declined with soil profile depth. The activities of the enzymes investigated here are significantly correlated with each other and are correlated with soil nutrients, in particular with soil organic carbon. Our results suggest that a balanced application of fertilizer nutrients and organic manure (especially those containing P) has positive effects on multiple soil chemical parameters, which in turn enhances enzyme activity. We emphasize the role of organic manure in maintaining soil organic matter and promoting biological activity, as its application can result in a substantial increase in agricultural production and can be sustainable for many years.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "beta-Fructofuranosidase", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-27", "title": "Seasonal Variations In Decomposition Processes In A Valley-Bottom Riparian Peatland", "description": "A year-long field survey was carried out at a valley-bottom riparian peatland site in North Wales, UK from January 2002 to December 2002 to examine the seasonal variation of decomposition processes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Peat temperature, physicochemistry, organic carbon pools, basal CO(2) respiration and extracellular enzyme activities (beta-glucosidase, phosphatase, sulphatase and phenol oxidase) were monitored monthly. The results of a principle component eigenanalysis of field data show that concentrations of basal CO(2) respiration, soil solution DOC and phenolics were positively correlated to soil temperature (P<0.01, F=12.25; P<0.001, F=59.8; P<0.001, F=141.27) with Q(10) responses of 2.29, 6.42 and 14.42, respectively. Extracellular enzyme activities, however, were more strongly associated with seasonal changes in ion concentrations and did not correspond significantly to temperature alone suggesting limitations attributable to a combination of continuous anaerobiosis and/or the suppressive compounds. Restraints on soil enzyme activities may limit the loss of CO(2) from the microbial community that is dependent on soil enzyme activities for nutrient availability. The seasonal effect of temperature on DOC may be explained by increased plant rhizodeposition and microbial activity. These results do not imply that the long-term increasing trend in DOC export is explainable by temperature increase but suggest that temperature may be a key factor regulating the seasonal variation in DOC concentrations. Thus, seasonal temperature effects on DOC may represent an important component of long-term models of DOC export.", "keywords": ["Wales", "phenolics", "Climate", "beta-Glucosidase", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "DOC", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "Soil", "Phenols", "13. Climate action", "basal respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "Seasons", "Sulfatases", "soil enzymes", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12275-011-0421-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-30", "title": "The Impacts Of Excessive Nitrogen Additions On Enzyme Activities And Nutrient Leaching In Two Contrasting Forest Soils", "description": "Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased dramatically worldwide, which may affect forest soils in various ways. In this study, we conducted a short-term manipulation experiment of N addition on two types of forest soils (urban and rural soils) found in Korea. N addition significantly decreased phenol oxidase activities in urban soil samples; however, it did not affect those in rural soils. Furthermore, N addition did not change \u03b2-glucosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities, except for \u03b2-glucosidase activities in the O layer of rural soils. Changes in microbial biomass and general activity (dehydrogenase activity) were not induced by N addition, except for dehydrogenase in the A layer of urban soils. Although N addition did not change the extractable soil nutrients, organic matter, and water contents significantly, it enhanced nutrient leaching and resulted in lower pH leachate. These results suggest that excessive N addition to forest soils may induce nutrient leaching in the long-term. Overall results of our study also suggest that N addition may induce retardation of organic matter decomposition in soils; however, such a response may depend on the intensity of previous exposure to N deposition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Republic of Korea", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0421-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12275-011-0421-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12275-011-0421-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12275-011-0421-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-27", "title": "Microbial Biomass And Enzyme Activities In Submerged Rice Soil Amended With Municipal Solid Waste Compost And Decomposed Cow Manure", "description": "We studied the suitability of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) application to submerged rice paddies in the perspective of metal pollution hazards associated with such materials. Experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1997, 1998 and 1999 on rice grown under submerged condition, at the Agriculture Experimental Farm, Calcutta University at Baruipur, West Bengal, India. The treatments consisted of control, no input; MSWC, at 60 kgNha(-1); well decomposed cow manure (DCM), at 60 kgNha(-1); MSWC (30 kgNha(-1)) +Urea (30 kgNha(-1)); DCM (30 kgNha(-1)) +U (30 kgNha(-1)) and Fertilizer, (at 60:30:30 NPK kgha(-1) through urea, single superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively). Soil microbial biomass-C (MBC), MBC as percentage of organic-C (ratio index value, RIV), urease and acid phosphatase activities were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils, due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water soluble organic carbon, carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former. The studied parameters were higher when urea was integrated with DCM or MSWC, compared to their single applications. Soil MBC, urease and acid phosphatase activities periodically declined up to 60 day after transplanting (DAT) and then increased after crop harvest. The heavy metals in MSWC did not detrimentally influence MBC, urease and acid phosphatase activities of soil. In the event of long term MSWC application, changes in soil quality parameters should be monitored regularly, since heavy metals once entering into soil persist over a long period.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ashis Kumar Chakraborty, Kalyan Chakrabarti, Pradip Bhattacharyya,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-02", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Biochar Versus Manure On Soil Microbial Communities And Enzyme Activities In An Aridisol", "description": "Biochar can increase microbial activity, alter microbial community structure, and increase soil fertility in arid and semi-arid soils, but at relatively high rates that may be impractical for large-scale field studies. This contrasts with organic amendments such as manure, which can be abundant and inexpensive if locally available, and thus can be applied to fields at greater rates than biochar. In a field study comparing biochar and manure, a fast pyrolysis hardwood biochar (22.4 Mg ha(-1)), dairy manure (42 Mg ha(-1) dry wt), a combination of biochar and manure at the aforementioned rates, or no amendment (control) was applied to an Aridisol (n=3) in fall 2008. Plots were annually cropped to corn (Zea maize L.). Surface soils (0-30 cm) were sampled directly under corn plants in late June 2009 and early August 2012, and assayed for microbial community fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles and six extracellular enzyme activities involved in soil C, N, and P cycling. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization was assayed in corn roots in 2012. Biochar had no effect on microbial biomass, community structure, extracellular enzyme activities, or AM fungi root colonization of corn. In the short-term, manure amendment increased microbial biomass, altered microbial community structure, and significantly reduced the relative concentration of the AM fungal biomass in soil. Manure also reduced the percent root colonization of corn by AM fungi in the longer-term. Thus, biochar and manure had contrasting short-term effects on soil microbial communities, perhaps because of the relatively low application rate of biochar.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Manure", "Chemistry", "Soil", "Fertility", "Charcoal", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Extracellular Space", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-09", "title": "Influence Of A Tropical Grass ( Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Mulato ) As Cover Crop On Soil Biochemical Properties In A Degraded Agricultural Soil", "description": "Fil: Perez Brandan, Carolina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SUSTAINABILITY", "SOIL FUNCTIONALITY", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "MONOCULTURE", "MACRONUTRIENTS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "ENZYMES", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-25", "title": "Aboveground Litter Quality Is A Better Predictor Than Belowground Microbial Communities When Estimating Carbon Mineralization Along A Land-Use Gradient", "description": "Because of the vegetation cover and anthropogenic disturbances, land-use management strongly influences soil heterotrophic decomposers. Yet, little is known about whether contrasting microbial communities originating from different ecosystems are functionally similar, and only a few studies have disentangled the direct and indirect effects of resource quality on both microbial communities and carbon mineralization rates. To assess the relative importance of aboveground litter quality and belowground microbial communities on litter decomposition, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment under controlled conditions using four litters (Triticum aestivum, Fagus sylvatica, Festuca arundinacea and Robinia pseudoacacia) and four soils (culture, plantation, grassland and forest) originating from a land-use gradient. We followed the kinetics of carbon mineralization over 21 dates spanning a 202-day period to assess the variability of responses generated by the plant\u2013soil interactions. Furthermore, at four time points (at 0, 27, 97 and 202 days), the mass loss rates for the main sugars within the cell wall, the microbial biomass (fumigation-extraction), the microbial community structure via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and the activities of four carbon-related hydrolytic enzymes were investigated to assess the functional significance of microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that the importance of soil types and heterotrophic decomposers on carbon mineralization rates was minor (1.2% of the variance explained) compared with the predominant role of litter quality. The structure of the microbial communities responded strongly to both long-term land-use changes and short-term litter additions; specifically, (i) higher proportions of fungi were observed in natural ecosystems compared with agro-systems, and (ii) an opportunistic subset of the bacterial community was stimulated after litter additions. Even if the land-use management and litter quality can shape the microbial community structure in a foreseeable way, we found an important degree of plasticity in the responses of contrasting decomposer communities. In particular, the enzymatic efficiency (defined as the amount of enzyme produced by unit of carbon mineralized) differed among litters but not among soil types, suggesting that the threshold between carbon allocation to growth and acquisition depended more on the \u2018resource-use strategies\u2019 of the soil microorganisms than on the community structure. The recalcitrant litters stimulated \u2018efficient\u2019 communities characterized by low enzymatic activities, microbial biomass and respiration rates at the opposite of labile litters that stimulated \u2018wasteful\u2019 communities characterized by higher activities and metabolic quotient (defined as the amount of carbon respired by unit of biomass). In addition to the direct effects of litter quality, the path analysis reinforced our conclusion that the functional traits of microorganisms via their enzymatic activities are more relevant than their identity for predicting carbon mineralization. Thus, although multiple and coordinated responses of soil microbes can improve our understanding of carbon fluxes, shifts in the plant community composition caused by land-use conversion will have a stronger impact on predictions of carbon mineralization than short-term changes in the microbial community composition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Decomposition", "550", "Functional dissimilarity", "Microbial community structure", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "Litter traits", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant\u2013soil interactions", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Cultivation Effects On Biochemical Properties, C Storage And 15n Natural Abundance In The 0\u20135cm Layer Of An Acidic Soil From Temperate Humid Zone", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15N", "C sequestration", "Microbial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-05", "title": "Metal Availability In Heavy Metal-Contaminated Open Burning And Open Detonation Soil: Assessment Using Soil Enzymes, Earthworms, And Chemical Extractions", "description": "The effects of heavy metal contamination on soil enzyme activity and earthworm health (bioaccumulation and condition) were studied in contaminated soils collected from an formerly open burning and open detonation (OBOD) site. Soil extraction methods were also evaluated using CaCl(2) and DTPA solutions as surrogate measures of metal bioavailability and ecotoxicity. Total heavy metal content of the soils ranged from 0.45 to 9.68 mg Cd kg(-1), 8.96 to 5103 mg Cu kg(-1), 40.21 to 328 mg Pb kg(-1), and 56.61 to 10,890 mg Zn kg(-1). Elevated metal concentrations are assumed to be primarily responsible for the reduction in enzyme activities and earthworm health indices. We found significant negative relationships between CaCl(2)- and DTPA-extractable metal content (Cd, Cu, and Zn) and soil enzyme activity (P<0.01). Therefore, it could be concluded that soil enzyme activity and metal bioaccumulation by earthworms can be used as an ecological indicator of metal availability. Furthermore, CaCl(2) and DTPA extraction methods are proved as promising, precise, and inexpensive surrogate measures of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn bioavailability from heavy metal-contaminated soils.", "keywords": ["Incineration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pentetic Acid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Calcium Chloride", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-14", "title": "Molecular Characterization Of Biochars And Their Influence On Microbiological Properties Of Soil", "description": "The tentative connection between the biochar surface chemical properties and their influence on microbially mediated mineralization of C, N, and S with the help of enzymes is not well established. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different biomass conversion processes (microwave pyrolysis, carbon optimized gasification, and fast pyrolysis using electricity) on the composition and surface chemistry of biochar materials produced from corn stover (Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and Ponderosa pine wood residue (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson) and determine the effect of biochars on mineralization of C, N, and S and associated soil enzymatic activities including esterase (fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, FDA), dehydrogenase (DHA), \u03b2-glucosidase (GLU), protease (PROT), and aryl sulfatase (ARSUL) in two different soils collected from footslope (Brookings) and crest (Maddock) positions of a landscape. Chemical properties of biochar materials produced from different batches of gasification process were fairly consistent. Biochar materials were found to be highly hydrophobic (low H/C values) with high aromaticity, irrespective of biomass feedstock and pyrolytic process. The short term incubation study showed that biochar had negative effects on microbial activity (FDA and DHA) and some enzymes including \u03b2-glucosidase and protease.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Panicum", "Pinus", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Microscopy", " Electron", " Scanning", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology", "Sulfur", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-24", "title": "Drought Stress Has Contrasting Effects On Antioxidant Enzymes Activity And Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis In Fraxinus Ornus Leaves: An Excess Light Stress Affair?", "description": "The experiment was conducted using Fraxinus ornus plants grown outside under full sunlight irradiance, and supplied with 100% (well-watered, WW), 40% (mild drought, MD), or 20% (severe drought, SD) of the daily evapotranspiration demand, with the main objective of exploring the effect of excess light stress on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Net CO\u2082 assimilation rate at saturating light and daily assimilated CO\u2082 were significantly smaller in SD than in WW and MD plants. Xanthophyll-cycle pigments supported nonphotochemical quenching to a significantly greater extent in SD than in MD and WW leaves. As a consequence, the actual efficiency of PSII (\u03a6(PSII)) was smaller, while the excess excitation-energy in the photosynthetic apparatus was greater in SD than in WW or MD plants. The concentrations of violaxanthin-cycle pigments relative to total chlorophyll (Chl(tot)) exceeded 200 mmol mol\u207b\u00b9 Chl(tot) in SD leaves at the end of the experiment. This leads to hypothesize for zeaxanthin a role not only as nonphotochemical quencher, but also as chloroplast antioxidant. Reductions in ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities, as drought-stress progressed, were paralleled by greater accumulations of esculetin and quercetin 3-O-glycosides, both phenylpropanoids having effective capacity to scavenge H\u2082O\u2082. The drought-induced accumulation of esculetin and quercetin 3-O-glycosides in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells is consistent with their putative functions as reducing agents for H\u2082O\u2082 in excess light-stressed leaves. Nonetheless, the concentration of H\u2082O\u2082 and the lipid peroxidation were significantly greater in SD than in MD and WW leaves. It is speculated that vacuolar phenylpropanoids may constitute a secondary antioxidant system, even on a temporal basis, activated upon the depletion of primary antioxidant defences, and aimed at keeping whole-cell H\u2082O\u2082 within a sub-lethal concentration range.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Analysis of Variance", "Principal Component Analysis", "0303 health sciences", "Time Factors", "Light", "Propanols", "Antioxidant enzymes Drought stress Phenylpropanoids Water relations Violaxanthin-cycle pigments", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Pigments", " Biological", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Antioxidants", "6. Clean water", "Antioxidant enzymes; Drought stress; Phenylpropanoids; Violaxanthin-cycle pigments; Water relations; Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Carbon Dioxide; Fraxinus; Hydrogen Peroxide; Malondialdehyde; Mesophyll Cells; Microscopy", " Fluorescence; Photosynthesis; Pigments", " Biological; Plant Leaves; Principal Component Analysis; Propanols; Stress", " Physiological; Time Factors; Droughts; Light; Plant Science; Physiology; Agronomy and Crop Science", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Fraxinus", "Microscopy", " Fluorescence", "Stress", " Physiological", "Antioxidant enzymes; drought stress; flavonoids", "Malondialdehyde", "Photosynthesis", "Mesophyll Cells"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/nar/gkz378", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-06", "title": "Caver Web 1.0: identification of tunnels and channels in proteins and analysis of ligand transport", "description": "Abstract<p>Caver Web 1.0 is a web server for comprehensive analysis of protein tunnels and channels, and study of the ligands\uffe2\uff80\uff99 transport through these transport pathways. Caver Web is the first interactive tool allowing both the analyses within a single graphical user interface. The server is built on top of the abundantly used tunnel detection tool Caver 3.02 and CaverDock 1.0 enabling the study of the ligand transport. The program is easy-to-use as the only required inputs are a protein structure for a tunnel identification and a list of ligands for the transport analysis. The automated guidance procedures assist the users to set up the calculation in a way to obtain biologically relevant results. The identified tunnels, their properties, energy profiles and trajectories for ligands\uffe2\uff80\uff99 passages can be calculated and visualized. The tool is very fast (2\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 min per job) and is applicable even for virtual screening purposes. Its simple setup and comprehensive graphical user interface make the tool accessible for a broad scientific community. The server is freely available at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/caverweb.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Internet", "0303 health sciences", "Binding Sites", "BINDING; STABILITY; MECHANISM; MYOGLOBIN; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; PATHWAY; ENZYMES; SERVER", "Computational Biology", "Ligands", "Protein Structure", " Tertiary", "3. Good health", "Molecular Docking Simulation", "Benchmarking", "User-Computer Interface", "03 medical and health sciences", "Web Server Issue", "Animals", "Humans", "Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Carrier Proteins", "Protein Structure", " Quaternary", "Algorithms", "Protein Binding"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/47/W1/W414/28880050/gkz378.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz378"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nucleic%20Acids%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/nar/gkz378", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/nar/gkz378", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/nar/gkz378"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "Warming And Increased Precipitation Have Differential Effects On Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities In A Temperate Grassland", "description": "Few studies have conducted the responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) to climate change, especially over the long term. In this study, we investigated the six-year responses of soil EEA to warming and increased precipitation in a temperate grassland of northern China at two depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. These extracellular enzymes included carbon-acquisition enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, BG), nitrogen-acquisition enzymes (N-acetylglucosaminidase, NAG; Leucine aminopeptidase, LAP) and phosphorus-acquisition enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatases). The results showed that warming significantly increased acid phosphatase at the 0-10 cm depth and NAG at the 10-20 cm depth, but dramatically decreased BG and acid phosphatase in the subsurface. In contrast, increased precipitation significantly increased NAG, LAP and alkaline phosphatase in the surface and NAG, LAP and acid phosphatase in the subsurface. There was a significant warming and increased precipitation interaction on BG in the subsurface. Redundancy analysis indicated that the patterns of EEA were mainly driven by soil pH and NH(4)(+)-N and NO(3)(-)-N in the surface, while by NH(4)(+)-N and microbial biomass in the subsurface. Our results suggested that soil EEA responded differentially to warming and increased precipitation at two depths in this region, which may have implications for carbon and nutrient cycling under climate change.", "keywords": ["570", "China", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Acid Phosphatase", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Enzymes", "Leucyl Aminopeptidase", "Soil biology", "13. Climate action", "Acetylglucosaminidase", "Cellulases", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-27", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Has Minor Effect On Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Six Chinese Forests", "description": "Soil extracellular enzymes play a key role in mediating a range of forest ecosystem functions (i.e., carbon and nutrients cycling and biological productivity), particularly in the face of atmospheric N deposition that has been increasing at an unprecedented rate globally. However, most studies have focused only on surface soils in a single ecosystem. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the effect of simulated N deposition on the activities and ratios of soil enzymes changes with soil depth across six forest ecosystems in eastern China. We collected soil samples from three blocks\u00d7four soil depths (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm)\u00d7three N treatment levels (control, 50 and 100kgNha-1year-1) at each of the six forest ecosystems. We measured the activities of seven soil enzymes involved in C-, N- and P-cycling. We found that 4-5years of N addition had no significant effect on the activities and ratios of these enzymes in most cases. The interactions among N addition, site and soil depth on soil enzyme activities were not significant, except that acid phosphatase activity showed site-specific responses to N addition. Our findings suggest that the activities of soil enzymes involved in C- and N-cycling generally do not track simulated N deposition in the six forest ecosystems. Further work on plant, soil and microbial characteristics is needed to better understand the mechanisms of soil enzyme activities in response to N deposition in forest ecosystems.", "keywords": ["China", "Soil", "Nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil Microbiology", "Carbon Cycle", "Enzymes", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-19", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Biomass And Enzyme Activities To The Transient Elevation Of Carbon Dioxide In A Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Abstract   Although elevation of CO 2  has been reported to impact soil microbial functions, little information is available on the spatial and temporal variation of this effect. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial response in a northern Colorado shortgrass steppe to a 5-year elevation of atmospheric CO 2  as well as the reversibility of the microbial response during a period of several months after shutting off the CO 2  amendment. The experiment was comprised of nine experimental plots: three chambered plots maintained at ambient CO 2  levels of 360\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol \u22121  (ambient treatment), three chambered plots maintained at 720\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol \u22121  CO 2  (elevated treatment) and three unchambered plots of equal ground area used as controls to monitor the chamber effect.  Elevated CO 2  induced mainly an increase of enzyme activities (protease, xylanase, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase) in the upper 5\u00a0cm of the soil and did not change microbial biomass in the soil profile. Since rhizodeposition and newly formed roots enlarged the pool of easily available substrates mainly in the upper soil layers, enzyme regulation (production and activity) rather than shifts in microbial abundance was the driving factor for higher enzyme activities in the upper soil. Repeated soil sampling during the third to fifth year of the experiment revealed an enhancement of enzyme activities which varied in the range of 20\u201380%. Discriminant analysis including all microbiological properties revealed that the enzyme pattern in 1999 and 2000 was dominated by the CO 2  and chamber effect, while in 2001 the influence of elevated CO 2  increased and the chamber effect decreased.  Although microbial biomass did not show any response to elevated CO 2  during the main experiment, a significant increase of soil microbial N was detected as a post-treatment effect probably due to lower nutrient (nitrogen) competition between microorganisms and plants in this N-limited ecosystem. Whereas most enzyme activities showed a significant post-CO 2  effect in spring 2002 (following the conclusion of CO 2  enrichment the previous autumn, 2001), selective depletion of substrates is speculated to be the cause for non-significant treatment effects of most enzyme activities later in summer and autumn, 2002. Therefore, additional belowground carbon input mainly entered the fast cycling carbon pool and contributed little to long-term carbon storage in the semi-arid grassland.", "keywords": ["Carbon cycling", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Shortgrass steppe", "Microbial biomass", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "Below ground processes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-24", "title": "Crop Rotation Complexity Regulates The Decomposition Of High And Low Quality Residues", "description": "While many ecosystem processes depend on biodiversity, the relationships between agricultural plant diversity and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics remains controversial. Our objective was to examine how temporal plant diversity (i.e. crop rotation) influences residue decomposition, a key ecosystem function that regulates nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil organic matter formation. We incubated soils from five long-term crop rotations, located at W.K. Kellogg Biological Station LTER in southwestern Michigan, USA, with and without four chemically diverse crop residues. Increasing crop biodiversity increased soil potentially mineralizable C by 125%, increased hydrolytic enzyme activity by 46%, but decreased oxidative enzyme activity by 20% in soils before residue was added. After residue additions, soils from more diverse cropping systems decomposed all residues more rapidly (0.2e8.3% greater mass loss) compared to monoculture corn. The fast-cycling, \u2018Active C\u2019 pool and microbial biomass N increased with higher cropping diversity, but the differences among rotations in Active C pools was higher for the most recalcitrant residues. Further, the ratio of the cellulose degrading enzyme ( b-glucosidase) to the lignin degrading enzyme (phenol oxidase) was highest in the two most diverse crop rotations regardless of residue additions, providing additional evidence of enhanced microbial activity and substrate acquisition in more diverse rotations. Our study shows that crop diversity over time influences the processing of newly-added residues, microbial dynamics, and nutrient cycling. Diversifying crop rotations has the potential to enhance soil ecosystem functions and is critical to maintaining soil services in agricultural systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen mineralization", "Litter quality", "Carbon mineralization", "Microbial biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Extracellular enzymes", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Plant biodiversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.01.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-29", "title": "Soil microbial communities with greater investment in resource acquisition have lower growth yield", "description": "Abstract<p>Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Nitrogen", "carbon", "carbon use efficiency", "Carbon use efficiency", "enzymes", "microbial communities", "Microbial communities", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Traits", "Carbon", "nitrogen", "Enzymes", "03 medical and health sciences", "traits", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/455071v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt97n4q53m/qt97n4q53m.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.01.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.01.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.01.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.01.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-08", "title": "Effects Of Agricultural Management On Chemical And Biochemical Properties Of A Semiarid Soil From Central Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "\uf064 15N", "fallow", "N stock", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "C stocks", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "\uf064 13C", "soil enzymes", "tillage systems", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Plant Species Richness, Elevated Co2, And Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition And Function", "description": "Abstract<p>We determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO2 and ambient N, or ambient CO2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO2. In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.</p>", "keywords": ["Extracellular Enzymes", "Complementary Resource Use", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland Ecosystem", "Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA)", "Global Change", "14. Life underwater", "complimentary resource use", "global change", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant Diversity", "microbial biomass", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "grasslands", "Soil Fungi", "extracellular enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Biomass", "Soil C Cycling", "plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE (Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-29", "title": "Soil Storage Conditions Alter the Effects of Tire Wear Particles on Microbial Activities in Laboratory Tests", "description": "In this study, we focused on the fact that soil storage conditions in the laboratory have never been considered as a key factor potentially leading to high variation when measuring effects of microplastics on soil microbial activity. We stored field-collected soils under four different conditions [room-temperature storage, low-temperature storage (LS), air drying (AD), and heat drying] prior to the experiment. Each soil was treated with tire wear particles (TWPs), and soil microbial activities and water aggregate stability were investigated after soil incubation. As a result, microbial activities, including soil respiration and three enzyme activities (\u03b2-glucosidase, N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase, and phosphatase), were shown to depend on soil storage conditions. Soil respiration rates increased with the addition of TWPs, and the differences from the control group (no TWPs added) were more pronounced in the AD TWP treatment than in soils stored under other conditions. In contrast, phosphatase activity followed an opposing trend after the addition of TWPs. The AD soil had higher phosphatase activity after the addition of TWPs, while the LS soil had a lower level than the control group. We suggest that microplastic effects in laboratory experiments can strongly depend on soil storage conditions.", "keywords": ["570", "microbial activities", "enzymes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "microplastic", "soil respiration", "soil pretreatment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00585"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004309623256", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "We investigate the response of soil microorganisms to atmospheric CO2 and temperature change within model terrestrial ecosystems in the Ecotron. The model communities consisted of four plant species (Cardamine hirsuta, Poa annua, Senecio vulgaris, Spergula arvensis), four herbivorous insect species (two aphids, a leaf-miner, and a whitefly) and their parasitoids, snails, earthworms, woodlice, soil-dwelling Collembola (springtails), nematodes and soil microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, mycorrhizae and Protista). In two successive experiments, the effects of elevated temperature (ambient plus 2 \u00b0C) at both ambient and elevated CO2 conditions (ambient plus 200 ppm) were investigated. A 40:60 sand:Surrey loam mixture with relatively low nutrient levels was used. Each experiment ran for 9 months and soil microbial biomass (Cmic and Nmic), soil microbial community (fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids), basal respiration, and enzymes involved in the carbon cycling (xylanase, trehalase) were measured at depths of 0\u20132, 0\u201310 and 10\u201320 cm. In addition, root biomass and tissue C:N ratio were determined to provide information on the amount and quality of substrates for microbial growth. Elevated temperature under both ambient and elevated CO2 did not show consistent treatment effects. Elevation of air temperature at ambient CO2 induced an increase in Cmic of the 0\u201310 cm layer, while at elevated CO2 total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) increased after the third generation. The metabolic quotient qCO2 decreased at elevated temperature in the ambient CO2 run. Xylanase and trehalase showed no changes in both runs. Root biomass and C:N ratio were not influenced by elevated temperature in ambient CO2. In elevated CO2, however, elevated temperature reduced root biomass in the 0\u201310 cm and 30\u201340 cm layers and increased N content of roots in the deeper layers. The different response of root biomass and C:N ratio to elevated temperature may be caused by differences in the dynamics of root decomposition and/or in allocation patterns to coarse or fine roots (i.e. storage vs. resource capture functions). Overall, our data suggests that in soils of low nutrient availability, the effects of climate change on the soil microbial community and processes are likely to be minimal and largely unpredicatable.", "keywords": ["Ecotron", "Microbial biomass", "Temperature", "Climate change", "Microbial community structure", "Soil enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004309623256"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004309623256", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004309623256", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004309623256"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-023-49194-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-13", "title": "Unraveling the genome of Bacillus velezensis MEP218, a strain producing fengycin homologs with broad antibacterial activity: comprehensive comparative genome analysis", "description": "Abstract<p>Bacillus sp. MEP218, a soil bacterium with high potential as a source of bioactive molecules, produces mostly C16\uffe2\uff80\uff93C17 fengycin and other cyclic lipopeptides (CLP) when growing under previously optimized culture conditions. This work addressed the elucidation of the genome sequence of MEP218 and its taxonomic classification. The genome comprises 3,944,892\uffc2\uffa0bp, with a total of 3474 coding sequences and a G\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89C content of 46.59%. Our phylogenetic analysis to determine the taxonomic position demonstrated that the assignment of the MEP218 strain to Bacillus velezensis species provides insights into its evolutionary context and potential functional attributes. The in silico genome analysis revealed eleven gene clusters involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal CLP (fengycins and surfactin), polyketides, terpenes, and bacteriocins. Furthermore, genes encoding phytase, involved in the release of phytic phosphate for plant and animal nutrition, or other enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and alpha 1\uffe2\uff80\uff934 glucanase were detected. In vitro antagonistic assays against Salmonella typhimurium, Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, among others, demonstrated a broad spectrum of C16\uffe2\uff80\uff93C17 fengycin produced by MEP218. MEP218 genome sequence analysis expanded our understanding of the diversity and genetic relationships within the Bacillus genus and updated the Bacillus databases with its unique trait to produce antibacterial fengycins and its potential as a resource of biotechnologically useful enzymes.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Bacillus", "Gene", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Phylogeny", "GC-content", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Genome", "Acinetobacter", "soil bacteria", "Q", "Probiotics and Prebiotics", "R", "Life Sciences", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Ribosomal RNA", "Medicine", "Microbial genetics", "metagenomics assembly", "Biotechnology", "Bacteriocin", "Science", ".", "Synteny", "Microbiology", "Article", "Applied microbiology", "Lipopeptides", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Escherichia coli", "RNA Sequencing Data Analysis", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Molecular Biology", "Biology", "genetic engineering", "Bacteria", "Secondary metabolites", "In silico", "bacterial genomes", "Whole genome sequencing", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnological Applications", "Antibacterial activity", "Genome", " Bacterial", "Food Science", "Phylogenetic tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-49194-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49194-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-023-49194-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-023-49194-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-023-49194-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep15550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-27", "title": "Soil Restoration With Organic Amendments: Linking Cellular Functionality And Ecosystem Processes", "description": "Abstract<p>A hot topic in recent decades, the application of organic amendments to arid-degraded soils has been shown to benefit microbially-mediated processes. However, despite the importance of soils for global sustainability, a gap has not been addressed yet in soil science: is there any connection between ecosystem-community processes, cellular functionality and microbial lifestyles (i.e. oligotrophy-copiotrophy) in restored soils? Together with classical ecosystem indicators (fatty-acids, extracellular-enzyme activities, basal respiration), state-of-the-art metaproteomics was applied to fill this gap in a model-restoration experiment initiated 10-years ago by the addition of sewage-sludge and compost. Organic amendment strongly impacted ecosystem processes. Furthermore, the type of material used induced differences in the cellular functionalities through variations in the percentages of proteins involved in translation, transcription, energy production and C-fixation. We conclude that the long-term impact of organic restoration goes beyond ecosystem processes and affects cellular functionalities and phyla-lifestyles coupled with differences in microbial-community structures.</p>", "keywords": ["Proteomics", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "1000 Multidisciplinary", "Sewage", "610 Medicine & health", "10071 Functional Genomics Center Zurich", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Environmental sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Soil microbiology", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "570 Life sciences; biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil microbiology; Environmental sciences", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep15550", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep15550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep15550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2023.10.03.560709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Bacteria face trade-offs in the decomposition of complex biopolymers", "description": "Abstract<p>Although depolymerization of complex carbohydrates is a growth-limiting bottleneck for microbial decomposers, we still lack understanding about how the production of different types of extracellular enzymes affect individual microbes and in turn the performance of whole decomposer communities. In this work we use a theoretical model to evaluate the potential trade-offs faced by microorganisms in biopolymer decomposition which arise due to the varied biochemistry of different depolymerizing enzyme classes. We specifically consider two broad classes of depolymerizing extracellular enzymes, which are widespread across microbial taxa: exo-enzymes that cleave small units from the ends of polymer chains and endo-enzymes that act at random positions generating degradation products of varied sizes. Our results demonstrate a fundamental trade-off in the production of these enzymes, which is independent of system\uffe2\uff80\uff99s complexity and which appears solely from the intrinsically different temporal depolymerization dynamics. As a consequence, specialists that produce either exo- or only endo-enzymes limit their growth to high or low substrate conditions, respectively. Conversely, generalists that produce both enzymes in an optimal ratio expand their niche and benefit from the synergy between the two enzymes. Finally, our results show that, in spatially-explicit environments, consortia composed of endo- and exo-specialists can only exist under oligotrophic conditions. In summary, our analysis demonstrates that the (evolutionary or ecological) selection of a depolymerization pathway will affect microbial fitness under low- or high substrate conditions, with impacts on the ecological dynamics of microbial communities. It provides a possible explanation why many polysaccharide degraders in nature show the genetic potential to produce both of these enzyme classes.</p>Author summary<p>The decomposition of polysaccharides by microbes is a key process in the global carbon cycle. It requires the joint action of a variety of microbially-produced extracellular enzymes. They can be broadly classified into endo-enzymes, that act in the middle of polymers, and exo-enzymes, that cleave units from polymer ends. Little is known about the benefits for microbes producing a certain enzyme type and the interplay between enzyme producing strategies in mixed communities. This hampers our comprehensive understanding of decomposition in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and thus limits the prediction of decomposition processes, for example in a changing climate.</p><p>Based on theoretical modelling, we revealed a fundamental trade-off in the action of these enzymes. While exo-enzymes are more efficient at high substrate conditions, endo-enzymes perform better when substrate is low. Generalists producing both enzymes expand their ecological niche of substrate availability compared to specialists only producing one of the two types. Complementary specialists only co-exist in oligotrophic conditions. We conclude that producing enzymes for specific steps within polymer degradation represents relevant ecological strategies for microbes in decomposer communities.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "decomposition", "Bacteria", "Polymers", "QH301-705.5", "complex biopolymers", "Monomers", "Computational Biology", "Chitin", "Models", " Biological", "Enzymes", "Biopolymers", "Consortia", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "Oligomers", "106022 Microbiology", "14. Life underwater", "Biology (General)", "106026 Ecosystem research", "bacteria", "Depolymerization", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.03.560709"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20Computational%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/2023.10.03.560709", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/2023.10.03.560709", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/2023.10.03.560709"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1099/mgen.0.000363", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-02", "title": "Analysis of the biodegradative and adaptive potential of the novel polychlorinated biphenyl degrader Rhodococcus sp. WAY2 revealed by its complete genome sequence", "description": "<p>The complete genome sequence of                                                Rhodococcus                                          sp. WAY2 (WAY2) consists of a circular chromosome, three linear replicons and a small circular plasmid. The linear replicons contain typical actinobacterial invertron-type telomeres with the central CGTXCGC motif. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene along with phylogenomic analysis based on the genome-to-genome blast distance phylogeny (GBDP) algorithm and digital DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff93DNA hybridization (dDDH) with other                                                Rhodococcus                                          type strains resulted in a clear differentiation of WAY2, which is likely a new species. The genome of WAY2 contains five distinct clusters of bph, etb and nah genes, putatively involved in the degradation of several aromatic compounds. These clusters are distributed throughout the linear plasmids. The high sequence homology of the ring-hydroxylating subunits of these systems with other known enzymes has allowed us to model the range of aromatic substrates they could degrade. Further functional characterization revealed that WAY2 was able to grow with biphenyl, naphthalene and xylene as sole carbon and energy sources, and could oxidize multiple aromatic compounds, including ethylbenzene, phenanthrene, dibenzofuran and toluene. In addition, WAY2 was able to co-metabolize 23 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, consistent with the five different ring-hydroxylating systems encoded by its genome. WAY2 could also use n-alkanes of various chain-lengths as a sole carbon source, probably due to the presence of alkB and ladA gene copies, which are only found in its chromosome. These results show that WAY2 has a potential to be used for the biodegradation of multiple organic compounds.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "PCB", "Whole Genome Sequencing", "AlkB Enzymes", "Rhodococcus; biodegradation; PAH; PCB; hydrocarbons; complete genome", "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "PAH", "Naphthalenes", "Xylenes", "Biolog\u00eda y Biomedicina / Biolog\u00eda", "biodegradation", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Hydrocarbons", "Complete genome", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Biodegradation", "Cluster Analysis", "Rhodococcus", "Phylogeny", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000363"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Genomics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1099/mgen.0.000363", "name": "item", "description": "10.1099/mgen.0.000363", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1099/mgen.0.000363"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/455071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-29", "title": "Soil microbial communities with greater investment in resource acquisition have lower growth yield", "description": "Abstract<p>Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Nitrogen", "carbon", "carbon use efficiency", "Carbon use efficiency", "enzymes", "microbial communities", "Microbial communities", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Traits", "Carbon", "nitrogen", "Enzymes", "03 medical and health sciences", "traits", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/455071v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt97n4q53m/qt97n4q53m.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/455071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/455071", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/455071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/455071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-24", "title": "Different Types Of Nitrogen Deposition Show Variable Effects On The Soil Carbon Cycle Process Of Temperate Forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects the soil carbon (C) cycle process of forests. However, the influence of different types of N on it still remained unclear. In this work, ammonium nitrate was selected as an inorganic N (IN) source, while urea and glycine were chosen as organic N (ON) sources. Different ratios of IN to ON (1\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa04, 2\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa03, 3\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa02, 4\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa01, and 5\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa00) were mixed with equal total amounts and then used to fertilize temperate forest soils for 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Results showed that IN deposition inhibited soil C cycle processes, such as soil respiration, soil organic C decomposition, and enzymatic activities, and induced the accumulation of recalcitrant organic C. By contrast, ON deposition promoted these processes. Addition of ON also resulted in accelerated transformation of recalcitrant compounds into labile compounds and increased CO2 efflux. Meanwhile, greater ON deposition may convert C sequestration in forest soils into C source. These results indicated the importance of the IN to ON ratio in controlling the soil C cycle, which can consequently change the ecological effect of N deposition.</p>", "keywords": ["China", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Glycine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12555"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12555"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-05", "title": "Microbial Physiology And Soil Co2 Efflux After 9 Years Of Soil Warming In A Temperate Forest - No Indications For Thermal Adaptations", "description": "Abstract<p>Thermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. No adaptations to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.15\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921, control: 2.34\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Q10 warmed: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.06, control: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23, control 2.75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.03, control: 0.88\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich calcareous temperate forest soils.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "substrate use efficiency", "Nitrogen", "ARCTIC SOIL", "Acclimatization", "Forests", "soil CO2 efflux", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "Soil", "gross N mineralization", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "thermal adaptation", "EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES", "CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY", "soil warming", "Enzyme activities", "BEECH FOREST", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Soil CO efflux", "NITROGEN AVAILABILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "Thermal adaptation", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "106022 Microbiology", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CYCLE FEEDBACKS", "Gross N mineralization", "Seasons", "Substrate use efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/genes10060424", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-03", "title": "Effect of Long-Term Farming Practices on Agricultural Soil Microbiome Members Represented by Metagenomically Assembled Genomes (MAGs) and Their Predicted Plant-Beneficial Genes", "description": "<p>To follow the hypothesis that agricultural management practices affect structure and function of the soil microbiome regarding soil health and plant-beneficial traits, high-throughput (HT) metagenome analyses were performed on Chernozem soil samples from a long-term field experiment designated LTE-1 carried out at Bernburg-Strenzfeld (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Metagenomic DNA was extracted from soil samples representing the following treatments: (i) plough tillage with standard nitrogen fertilization and use of fungicides and growth regulators, (ii) plough tillage with reduced nitrogen fertilization (50%), (iii) cultivator tillage with standard nitrogen fertilization and use of fungicides and growth regulators, and (iv) cultivator tillage with reduced nitrogen fertilization (50%). Bulk soil (BS), as well as root-affected soil (RS), were considered for all treatments in replicates. HT-sequencing of metagenomic DNA yielded approx. 100 Giga bases (Gb) of sequence information. Taxonomic profiling of soil communities revealed the presence of 70 phyla, whereby Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi feature abundances of more than 1%. Functional microbiome profiling uncovered, i.a., numerous potential plant-beneficial, plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol traits predicted to be involved in nutrient provision, phytohormone synthesis, antagonism against pathogens and signal molecule synthesis relevant in microbe\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interaction. Neither taxonomic nor functional microbiome profiling based on single-read analyses revealed pronounced differences regarding the farming practices applied. Soil metagenome sequences were assembled and taxonomically binned. The ten most reliable and abundant Metagenomically Assembled Genomes (MAGs) were taxonomically classified and metabolically reconstructed. Importance of the phylum Thaumarchaeota for the analyzed microbiome is corroborated by the fact that the four corresponding MAGs were predicted to oxidize ammonia (nitrification), thus contributing to the cycling of nitrogen, and in addition are most probably able to fix carbon dioxide. Moreover, Thaumarchaeota and several bacterial MAGs also possess genes with predicted functions in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93growth\uffe2\uff80\uff93promotion. Abundances of certain MAGs (species resolution level) responded to the tillage practice, whereas the factors compartment (BS vs. RS) and nitrogen fertilization only marginally shaped MAG abundance profiles. Hence, soil management regimes promoting plant-beneficial microbiome members are very likely advantageous for the respective agrosystem, its health and carbon sequestration and accordingly may enhance plant productivity. Since Chernozem soils are highly fertile, corresponding microbiome data represent a valuable reference resource for agronomy in general.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "plant\u2013growth\u2013promotion (PGP)", "metagenomically-assembled-genomes (MAGs)", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "carbon dioxide fixation", "Ammonia", "metagenomic binning", "Germany", "soil microbiome", "Proteobacteria", "Humans", "biocontrol", "secondary metabolite synthesis", "suppressive soil", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "soil microbiome; suppressive soil; biocontrol; plant\u2013growth\u2013promotion (PGP); metagenomic binning; metagenomically-assembled-genomes (MAGs); secondary metabolite synthesis; carbon dioxide fixation; carbohydrate-active enzymes; differentially abundant features (DAFs)", "2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Bacteroidetes", "Agriculture", "differentially abundant features (DAFs)", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Actinobacteria", "carbohydrate-active enzymes", "Metagenome"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/10/6/424/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/10/6/424/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10060424"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Genes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/genes10060424", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/genes10060424", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/genes10060424"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-22", "title": "A keystone microbial enzyme for nitrogen control of soil carbon storage", "description": "<p>Nitrogen-induced suppression of lignin-modifying enzyme activity contributes to soil carbon sequestration.</p>", "keywords": ["CHANGING ENVIRONMENT", "570", "550", "Nitrogen", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "Bacterial Proteins", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Bacteria", "HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "N DEPOSITION", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "SUBTROPICAL FORESTS", "Science & Technology - Other Topics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION", "SIZE FRACTIONS", "CBIO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/microorganisms8122024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-17", "title": "The Role of Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT in Mesophilic Biogas Reactor Systems as Deduced from Multiomics Analyses", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Members of the genera Proteiniphilum and Petrimonas were speculated to represent indicators reflecting process instability within anaerobic digestion (AD) microbiomes. Therefore, Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT was isolated from a biogas reactor sample and sequenced on the PacBio RSII and Illumina MiSeq sequencers. Phylogenetic classification positioned the strain ING2-E5AT in close proximity to Fermentimonas and Proteiniphilum species (family Dysgonomonadaceae). ING2-E5AT encodes a number of genes for glycosyl-hydrolyses (GH) which are organized in Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PUL) comprising tandem susCD-like genes for a TonB-dependent outer-membrane transporter and a cell surface glycan-binding protein. Different GHs encoded in PUL are involved in pectin degradation, reflecting a pronounced specialization of the ING2-E5AT PUL systems regarding the decomposition of this polysaccharide. Genes encoding enzymes participating in amino acids fermentation were also identified. Fragment recruitments with the ING2-E5AT genome as a template and publicly available metagenomes of AD microbiomes revealed that Petrimonas species are present in 146 out of 257 datasets supporting their importance in AD microbiomes. Metatranscriptome analyses of AD microbiomes uncovered active sugar and amino acid fermentation pathways for Petrimonas species. Likewise, screening of metaproteome datasets demonstrated expression of the Petrimonas PUL-specific component SusC providing further evidence that PUL play a central role for the lifestyle of Petrimonas species.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Bioconversion", "anaerobic digestion", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "bioconversion", "Biomethanation", "QH301-705.5", "570 Biologie", "polysaccharide utilization loci", "metabolic pathway reconstruction", "16. Peace & justice", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "660.6", "biomethanation", "03 medical and health sciences", "Metabolic pathway reconstruction", "Polysaccharide utilization loci", "carbohydrate-active enzymes; polysaccharide utilization loci; anaerobic digestion; biomethanation; metabolic pathway reconstruction; bioconversion", "Anaerobic digestion", "carbohydrate-active enzymes", "Carbohydrate-active enzymes", "ddc:570", "Biology (General)"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2024/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2024/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/microorganisms8122024", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/microorganisms8122024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/microorganisms8122024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15482/usda.adc/1518485", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:20Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Genome sequence of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica EP155: A fundamental resource for an archetypical invasive plant pathogen", "description": "The ascomycete fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is the causal agent of chestnut blight disease. This deadly fungal pathogen was introduced into North America from Asia before the turn of the 20th century, quickly spreading throughout the natural range of the American chestnut tree. In the course of a single generation, chestnut blight destroyed billions of American chestnut trees in forests across North America, driving it almost to extinction. The genome assembly for C. parasitica EP155 (v. 2.0, available at https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/Crypa2/Crypa2.info.html) contains 26 main genome scaffolds totaling 43.9 Mb, and was sequenced at the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute. The information and documents contained within this Ag Data Commons dataset provide supplementary data about the EP155 genome assembly, including scaffold summaries, genetic maps, mitochondrial DNA, P450s, secondary metabolite clusters, vegetative incompatibility genes, and transposable elements. These data are freely available for research purposes.", "keywords": ["15. Life on land", "chestnut blight", "Cryphonectria parasitica", "vegetative incompatibility", "transposons", "P450", "secondary metabolite", "mitochondria", "fungi", "Forest &amp; Plant Health", "american chestnut", "genome assembly", "transposable elements", "genetic maps", "NP303", "Cryphonectria parasitica", "fungi", "invasive species", "plant pathogens", "Asia", "Castanea dentata", "trees", "forests", "extinction", "genome assembly", "United States", "silver", "data collection", "mitochondrial DNA", "secondary metabolites", "genes", "transposons", "phylogeny", "cytochrome P-450", "enzymes", "nuclear genome", "mitochondria"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15482/usda.adc/1518485"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15482/usda.adc/1518485", "name": "item", "description": "10.15482/usda.adc/1518485", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15482/usda.adc/1518485"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0120994", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Effects Of Wheat Straw Incorporation On The Availability Of Soil Nutrients And Enzyme Activities In Semiarid Areas", "description": "Soil infertility is the main barrier to dryland agricultural production in China. To provide a basis for the establishment of a soil amelioration technical system for rainfed fields in the semiarid area of northwest China, we conducted a four-year (2007-2011) field experiment to determine the effects of wheat straw incorporation on the arid soil nutrient levels of cropland cultivated with winter wheat after different straw incorporation levels. Three wheat straw incorporation levels were tested (H: 9000 kg hm(-2), M: 6000 kg hm(-2), and L: 3000 kg hm(-2)) and no straw incorporation was used as the control (CK). The levels of soil nutrients, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic carbon (LOC), and enzyme activities were analyzed each year after the wheat harvest. After straw incorporation for four years, the results showed that variable straw amounts had different effects on the soil fertility indices, where treatment H had the greatest effect. Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively. On average, the urease, phosphatase, and invertase levels in the 0-40 cm soil layers were 24.4-31.3%, 9.9-36.4%, and 42.9-65.3% higher, respectively. Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 26.75%, 21.51%, and 7.15%, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Science", "Q", "R", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Soil", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Triticum", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120994"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0120994", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0120994", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0120994"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14288/1.0441432", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-15", "title": "Crop Conversion from Annual to Perennials: An Effective Strategy to Affect Soil Multifunctionality", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Although crop conversion from annual to perennial crops has been considered as one path towards climate-smart and resource-efficient agriculture, the effects of this conversion on soil multifunctionality and biomass yields remain unclear. The objective of the study is to enhance soil multifunctionality while exerting a marginal influence on farmer income. Here, we investigated the effects of annual winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two perennial crops (a grass (Lolium perenne L.), a legume (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixture) on soil multifunctionality and biomass yield on the Yellow River floodplain. Soil multifunctionality was assessed by the capacity of water regulation and the multifunctionality of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles. C cycle multifunctionality index is the average of \u03b2-xylosidase, \u03b2-cellobiosidase, and \u03b2-1, 4-glucosidase. N cycle multifunctionality index is the average of L-leucine aminopeptidase and \u03b2-1, 4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase represented (and dominated) P cycle functions. The results showed that perennial crops enhanced soil multifunctionality by 207% for L. perenne, 311% for M. sativa, and 438% for L. perenne + M. sativa, compared with annual winter wheat (T. aestivum). The effect of perennial crops on soil multifunctionality increased with infiltration rate, dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, and extracellular enzymatic activities for both C and N acquisition. However, we observed that perennial crops had a lower biomass yield than annual crop. Therefore, the transition of agricultural landscapes to perennials needs to take into account the balance between environmental protection and food security, as well as environmental heterogeneity, to promote sustainable agricultural development.</p></article>", "keywords": ["land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "soil extracellular enzymes", "annual and perennial crops", "Yellow River floodplain", "S", "13. Climate action", "Agriculture", "soil functions", "15. Life on land", "crop type", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0441432"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14288/1.0441432", "name": "item", "description": "10.14288/1.0441432", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14288/1.0441432"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000600016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-28", "title": "Impact Of Organic Residue Management On Soil Quality Indicators During Replanting Of Eucalypt Stands", "description": "<p>O uso agr\uffc3\uffadcola do solo causa altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es em suas caracter\uffc3\uffadsticas f\uffc3\uffadsicas, qu\uffc3\uffadmicas e microbiol\uffc3\uffb3gicas. A conseq\uffc3\uffbc\uffc3\uffaancia dessas altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es pode ser a perda da qualidade do solo, o que compromete a sustentabilidade do uso desse recurso. A an\uffc3\uffa1lise de indicadores bioqu\uffc3\uffadmicos e microbiol\uffc3\uffb3gicos de qualidade do solo \uffc3\uffa9 relevante para monitorar mudan\uffc3\uffa7as na qualidade do solo e no desempenho de suas fun\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es-chave, como a capacidade de ciclar e armazenar nutrientes. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se indicadores qu\uffc3\uffadmicos, f\uffc3\uffadsicos e microbiol\uffc3\uffb3gicos do solo em plantios de eucalipto 5,5 anos ap\uffc3\uffb3s terem sido submetidos a diferentes m\uffc3\uffa9todos de manejo durante a fase de reforma do povoamento. A avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o baseou-se na determina\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de 18 atributos f\uffc3\uffadsicos e qu\uffc3\uffadmicos, al\uffc3\uffa9m de 12 outros de car\uffc3\uffa1ter bioqu\uffc3\uffadmico ou microbiol\uffc3\uffb3gico, os quais foram adotados como indicadores da qualidade do solo. Os indicadores bioqu\uffc3\uffadmicos e microbiol\uffc3\uffb3gicos mostraram-se mais sens\uffc3\uffadveis para avaliar mudan\uffc3\uffa7as qualitativas no solo devidas ao manejo, quando comparados com os qu\uffc3\uffadmicos ou f\uffc3\uffadsicos. O maior dist\uffc3\uffbarbio causado pelos tratamentos em que houve remo\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o ou queima do material org\uffc3\uffa2nico da superf\uffc3\uffadcie do solo foi evidenciado pelos maiores valores de qCO2 e menores valores de qMIC na camada superior do solo (0 a 5 cm). A an\uffc3\uffa1lise de componentes principais permitiu visualizar as semelhan\uffc3\uffa7as entre as \uffc3\uffa1reas com base em todas as vari\uffc3\uffa1veis analisadas. A \uffc3\uffa1rea de vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o natural de mata secund\uffc3\uffa1ria, usada como refer\uffc3\uffaancia de qualidade do solo, foi a que apresentou a maior dist\uffc3\uffa2ncia gr\uffc3\uffa1fica das demais \uffc3\uffa1reas, demonstrando que a introdu\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da monocultura do eucalipto modifica a qualidade do solo estudado. A qualidade do solo da \uffc3\uffa1rea de eucalipto onde n\uffc3\uffa3o se efetuou o corte das \uffc3\uffa1rvores no primeiro ciclo (povoamento com 11 anos de idade) obteve a maior aproxima\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da \uffc3\uffa1rea de vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o natural, seguindo-se os solos sob eucalipto submetido a manejos que priorizaram a conserva\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos res\uffc3\uffadduos org\uffc3\uffa2nicos por ocasi\uffc3\uffa3o da reforma do povoamento. Contrariamente, as \uffc3\uffa1reas onde ocorreu a remo\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o ou a queima do material org\uffc3\uffa2nico da superf\uffc3\uffadcie do solo foram as que mais se distanciaram da \uffc3\uffa1rea de refer\uffc3\uffaancia. Esses resultados demonstram que o sistema de manejo adotado na reforma dos povoamentos de eucalipto analisados influencia, em m\uffc3\uffa9dio prazo, o potencial dos solos de estocar e ciclar nutrientes por meio da biomassa microbiana e das atividades bioqu\uffc3\uffadmicas ligadas a ela. A maior aproxima\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o entre a \uffc3\uffa1rea com vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nativa e a de eucalipto com 11 anos leva a supor que ciclos mais longos nas florestas de eucalipto, contrastando com o padr\uffc3\uffa3o atualmente em uso no Brasil (cerca de sete anos), pode ser relevante para se manter a sustentabilidade da atividade florestal em longo prazo, a despeito de uma menor produtividade m\uffc3\uffa9dia anual. Nesse caso, a op\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o pela produtividade de curto ou m\uffc3\uffa9dio prazo, ou pela sustentabilidade do uso do solo, com a conseq\uffc3\uffbcente manuten\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da sua qualidade para as gera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es futuras, poder\uffc3\uffa1 ser repensada a partir dos dados aqui apresentados.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biomassa microbiana", "microbial biomass", "forest management", "enzimas do solo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "soil enzymes", "manejo florestal", "sustentabilidade"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832007000600016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000600016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000600016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832007000600016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832003000300005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-26", "title": "Propriedades Biol\u00f3gicas Em Agregados De Um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Sob Plantio Convencional E Direto No Cerrado", "description": "<p>As distribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es do carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), da atividade enzim\uffc3\uffa1tica e do C mineraliz\uffc3\uffa1vel foram avaliadas em agregados, coletados na profundidade de 0-0,05 m, de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro argiloso, sob vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nativa de Cerrado e sob sistemas de plantio direto (PD) e convencional com arado de discos (PC), estabelecidos h\uffc3\uffa1 21 anos. A separa\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos agregados foi realizada por via \uffc3\uffbamida. As classes de 8,00-2,00 mm; 0,50-0,25 mm e 0,25-0,106 mm e amostras denominadas soma de agregados foram selecionadas para as determina\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es biol\uffc3\uffb3gicas. Em rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o \uffc3\uffa0 \uffc3\uffa1rea nativa, os sistemas cultivados causaram quebra de macroagregados e perda de CBM. A aplica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o localizada de adubos, o menor revolvimento do solo e os maiores teores de mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica no PD favoreceram, em rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o ao PC, a ocorr\uffc3\uffaancia de maiores n\uffc3\uffadveis de fosfatase \uffc3\uffa1cida e arilsulfatase nos agregados e nas amostras que representavam a soma de agregados. Os microagregados e a soma dos agregados do PD tamb\uffc3\uffa9m apresentaram maiores teores de CBM, comparativamente ao PC. As maiores atividades da beta-glucosidase foram observadas nos macro e microagregados do PD. Os sistemas de manejo (PD e PC) influenciaram a distribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o das propriedades biol\uffc3\uffb3gicas nos agregados. A atividade das enzimas beta-glucosidase, fosfatase \uffc3\uffa1cida e arilsulfatase foi maior em macroagregados do PD apesar da distribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o semelhante do CBM nas tr\uffc3\uffaas classes de agregados avaliadas. No PC, apenas beta-glucosidase apresentou distribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o diferenciada entre macro e microagregados.</p>", "keywords": ["arylsulfatase", "microbial biomass", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "arilsulfatase", "readily mineralizable C", "fosfatase \u00e1cida", "S1-972", "biomassa microbiana", "beta-glucosidase", "acid phosphatase", "carbono mineraliz\u00e1vel", "enzimas do solo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832003000300005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832003000300005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832003000300005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832003000300005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000200009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "Biomass And Microbial Activity In Pasture Soil Under Different Sheep Grazing Pressure", "description": "<p>Os efeitos da lota\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de animais na produ\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de ovinos t\uffc3\uffaam sido bastante estudados. No entanto, informa\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es sobre seus efeitos na biomassa e nas atividades microbianas e, em conseq\uffc3\uffbc\uffc3\uffaancia, na fertilidade do solo de pastagens s\uffc3\uffa3o escassas. Neste trabalho, os efeitos da lota\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de ovinos (LO) na biomassa e nas atividades microbianas respons\uffc3\uffa1veis pela transforma\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos compostos do C e N em solo de clima subtropical foram avaliados. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-10 e 10-20 cm de pastos com baixa LO (5 animais ha-1), alta LO (40-50 animais ha-1) e com aus\uffc3\uffaancia de animais, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, com seis repeti\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es. Os maiores valores de biomassa microbiana e das atividades respirat\uffc3\uffb3ria, nitrificante e enzim\uffc3\uffa1tica (urease e protease) foram encontrados nos solos dos pastos com baixa LO. Estes pastos tamb\uffc3\uffa9m acumularam as maiores quantidades de mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica e N total. Essas vari\uffc3\uffa1veis foram reduzidas nos pastos sem animais ou com alta LO. Vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o descont\uffc3\uffadnua e intensa mineraliza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o podem ter acarretado a diminui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dessas vari\uffc3\uffa1veis nos pastos com alta LO. Alta correla\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o foi obtida entre mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica, C org\uffc3\uffa2nico e N total com as quantidades de biomassa microbiana e a atividade enzim\uffc3\uffa1tica. A camada de 0-10 cm apresentou valores maiores das vari\uffc3\uffa1veis estudadas do que os encontrados na camada de 10-20 cm.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Enzimas", "Biological activity", "enzymes", "biological activity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica", "15. Life on land", "atividade biol\u00f3gica", "mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica", "Enzymes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Atividade biol\u00f3gica", "enzimas", "organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Garcia, Martha Regina Lucizano, Nahas, Ely,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832007000200009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000200009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000200009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832007000200009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832012000400013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-24", "title": "Chemical And Biochemical Properties Of Araucaria Angustifolia (Bert.) Ktze. Forest Soils In The State Of S\u00e3o Paulo", "description": "<p>Araucaria angustifolia, commonly named Araucaria, is a Brazilian native species that is intensively exploited due to its timber quality. Therefore, Araucaria is on the list of species threatened by extinction. Despite the importance of soil for forest production, little is known about the soil properties of the highly fragmented Araucaria forests. This study was designed to investigate the use of chemical and biological properties as indicators of conservation and anthropogenic disturbance of Araucaria forests in different sampling periods. The research was carried out in two State parks of S\uffc3\uffa3o Paulo: Parque Estadual Tur\uffc3\uffadstico do Alto do Ribeira and Parque Estadual de Campos de Jord\uffc3\uffa3o. The biochemical properties carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass (MB-C and MB-N), basal respiration (BR), the metabolic quotient (qCO2) and the following enzyme activities: \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase, urease, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) were evaluated. The sampling period (dry or rainy season) influenced the results of mainly MB-C, MB-N, BR, and qCO2. The chemical and biochemical properties, except K content, were sensitive indicators of differences in the conservation and anthropogenic disturbance stages of Araucaria forests. Although these forests differ in biochemical and chemical properties, they are efficient in energy use and conservation, which is shown by their low qCO2, suggesting an advanced stage of succession.</p>", "keywords": ["microbial metabolic quotient", "microbial biomass", "(qCO2)", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "quociente metab\u00f3lico", "soil respiration", "S1-972", "biomassa microbiana", "respira\u00e7\u00e3o do solo", "enzimas do solo", "qCO2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "qualidade do solo", "soil quality", "soil enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000400013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832012000400013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832012000400013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832012000400013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2009000600010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-08", "title": "Atributos F\u00edsicos, Qu\u00edmicos E Biol\u00f3gicos De Um Latossolo De Cerrado Em Plantio De Esp\u00e9cies Florestais", "description": "<p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de plantios florestais nos atributos f\uffc3\uffadsicos, qu\uffc3\uffadmicos e biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo de cerrado. Amostras de solo foram coletadas \uffc3\uffa0 profundidade de 0 a 10 cm, em \uffc3\uffa1reas cultivadas h\uffc3\uffa1 mais de 20 anos com p\uffc3\uffadnus (Pinus tecunumanii), eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis) ou carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum). Uma \uffc3\uffa1rea adjacente de cerrado nativo foi inclu\uffc3\uffadda como refer\uffc3\uffaancia do solo original. Foram observados, em rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o ao cerrado, aumentos na densidade do solo sob p\uffc3\uffadnus e eucalipto, redu\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o na macroporosidade sob p\uffc3\uffadnus, menores teores de mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica sob p\uffc3\uffadnus e eucalipto, al\uffc3\uffa9m de decr\uffc3\uffa9scimos no pH e na satura\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o por bases e incremento da satura\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o por alum\uffc3\uffadnio nos cultivos com p\uffc3\uffadnus e carvoeiro. O carbono da biomassa microbiana sob p\uffc3\uffadnus, eucalipto e carvoeiro foi aproximadamente a metade do carbono sob cerrado. Atividades de fosfatase \uffc3\uffa1cida e arilsulfatase foram inibidas pelo p\uffc3\uffadnus e estimuladas pelo carvoeiro. Entre os reflorestamentos avaliados, o p\uffc3\uffadnus promoveu a redu\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o mais acentuada da qualidade do solo de cerrado. As vari\uffc3\uffa1veis microbiol\uffc3\uffb3gicas foram as mais sens\uffc3\uffadveis em detectar o efeito dos diferentes reflorestamentos na qualidade do solo.</p>", "keywords": ["Eucalyptus grandis", "Pinus tecunumanii", "microbial biomass carbon", "carbono da biomassa microbiana", "enzimas do solo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "qualidade do solo", "soil quality", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Sclerolobium paniculatum", "soil enzymes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silva, Luciana Gomes da, Mendes, I\u00eada de Carvalho, Reis Junior, F\u00e1bio Bueno, Fernandes, Marcelo Ferreira, Melo, Jos\u00e9 Teodoro de, Kato, Eiyti,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000600010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2009000600010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2009000600010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000600010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/113/2010-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Selenium Biofortification And Antioxidant Activity In Lettuce Plants Fed With Selenate And Selenite", "description": "Selenium is an important element associated with enhancement of antioxidant activity in plants, microorganisms, animals, and humans. In Brazil, the information on Se in agricultural crops is lacking, though there are indications that low levels of Se are consumed by the population. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with pots containing 3 l of nutritive solution in a completely randomized factorial design, with seven Se concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 \u00b5mol/l) and two forms of Se (sodium selenate - Na2SeO4 and sodium selenite - Na2SeO3), with six replicates. The application of Se as selenate at low concentrations is more appropriate for lettuce biofortification because it favors shoot biomass growth and Se levels in the shoot biomass. Selenium in both forms had two effects on lettuce plant metabolism: at low doses it acted as an antioxidant and enhanced plant growth, whereas at higher levels it reduced yield.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "selenate", "Plant culture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Selenate", "SB1-1110", "3. Good health", "biofortification", "antioxidant enzymes", "Selenite", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Antioxidant enzymes", "selenite", "Biofortification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/113/2010-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/113/2010-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/113/2010-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/113/2010-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Enzymes&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Enzymes&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Enzymes&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Enzymes&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 85, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T00:57:01.350744Z"}