More diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecs2.2645", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-19", "title": "Uneven global distribution of food web studies under climate change", "description": "AbstractTrophic interactions within food webs affect species distributions, coexistence, and provision of ecosystem services but can be strongly impacted by climatic changes. Understanding these impacts is therefore essential for managing ecosystems and sustaining human well\uffe2\uff80\uff90being. Here, we conducted a global synthesis of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater studies to identify key gaps in our knowledge of climate change impacts on food webs and determine whether the areas currently studied are those most likely to be impacted by climate change. We found research suffers from a strong geographic bias, with only 3.5% of studies occurring in the tropics. Importantly, the distribution of sites sampled under projected climate changes was biased\uffe2\uff80\uff94areas with decreases or large increases in precipitation and areas with low magnitudes of temperature change were under\uffe2\uff80\uff90represented. Our results suggest that understanding of climate change impacts on food webs could be broadened by considering more than two trophic levels, responses in addition to species abundance and biomass, impacts of a wider suite of climatic variables, and tropical ecosystems. Most importantly, to enable better forecasts of biodiversity responses to climate change, we identify critically under\uffe2\uff80\uff90represented geographic regions and climatic conditions which should be prioritized in future research.We determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO2 and ambient N, or ambient CO2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO2. In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.
", "keywords": ["Extracellular Enzymes", "Complementary Resource Use", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland Ecosystem", "Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA)", "Global Change", "14. Life underwater", "complimentary resource use", "global change", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant Diversity", "microbial biomass", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "grasslands", "Soil Fungi", "extracellular enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Biomass", "Soil C Cycling", "plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE (Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/pl00008869", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-10", "title": "Combined Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 And N Availability On The Belowground Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of Aspen Mesocosms", "description": "It is uncertain whether elevated atmospheric CO2 will increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems without concomitant increases in plant access to N. Elevated CO2 may alter microbial activities that regulate soil N availability by changing the amount or composition of organic substrates produced by roots. Our objective was to determine the potential for elevated CO2 to change N availability in an experimental plant-soil system by affecting the acquisition of root-derived C by soil microbes. We grew Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) cuttings for 2 years under two levels of atmospheric CO2 (36.7 and 71.5 Pa) and at two levels of soil N (210 and 970 \u00b5g N g-1). Ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations were applied using open-top chambers, and soil N availability was manipulated by mixing soils differing in organic N content. From June to October of the second growing season, we measured midday rates of soil respiration. In August, we pulse-labeled plants with 14CO2 and measured soil 14CO2 respiration and the 14C contents of plants, soils, and microorganisms after a 6-day chase period. In conjunction with the August radio-labeling and again in October, we used 15N pool dilution techniques to measure in situ rates of gross N mineralization, N immobilization by microbes, and plant N uptake. At both levels of soil N availability, elevated CO2 significantly increased whole-plant and root biomass, and marginally increased whole-plant N capital. Significant increases in soil respiration were closely linked to increases in root biomass under elevated CO2. CO2 enrichment had no significant effect on the allometric distribution of biomass or 14C among plant components, total 14C allocation belowground, or cumulative (6-day) 14CO2 soil respiration. Elevated CO2 significantly increased microbial 14C contents, indicating greater availability of microbial substrates derived from roots. The near doubling of microbial 14C contents at elevated CO2 was a relatively small quantitative change in the belowground C cycle of our experimental system, but represents an ecologically significant effect on the dynamics of microbial growth. Rates of plant N uptake during both 6-day periods in August and October were significantly greater at elevated CO2, and were closely related to fine-root biomass. Gross N mineralization was not affected by elevated CO2. Despite significantly greater rates of N immobilization under elevated CO2, standing pools of microbial N were not affected by elevated CO2, suggesting that N was cycling through microbes more rapidly. Our results contained elements of both positive and negative feedback hypotheses, and may be most relevant to young, aggrading ecosystems, where soil resources are not yet fully exploited by plant roots. If the turnover of microbial N increases, higher rates of N immobilization may not decrease N availability to plants under elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "root-: biomass-", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "nitrogen-fixation", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "biomass-", "nitrogen-cycle", "nitrogen-", "Microorganisms-", "carbon-14", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "C Cycle", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Key Words Atmospheric CO2", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Populus Tremuloides Michx", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon-dioxide: atmospheric-", "plant-nutrition", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "global-climate-change", "microbe- (Microorganisms-)", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "chemical-composition", "carbon-sequestration", "mineral-uptake", "soil-biology", "Science", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "carbon-dioxide", "Populus-tremuloides [trembling-aspen] (Salicaceae-)", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "soil-respiration", "content", "Plantae-", "14762-75-5: CARBON-14", "mineralization-", "Molecular", "forest-soils", "15. Life on land", "Rhizodeposition", "soil-flora", "N Cycle", "13. Climate action", "cuttings-", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Dicots-", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mikan, Carl J., Zak, Donald R., Kubiske, Mark E., Pregitzer, Kurt S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008869", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008869", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/pl00008870", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-10", "title": "Spring Ephemeral Herbs And Nitrogen Cycling In A Northern Hardwood Forest: An Experimental Test Of The Vernal Dam Hypothesis", "description": "In the late 1970s R.N. Muller and F.H. Bormann posited their 'vernal dam' hypothesis, stating that spring-ephemeral herbs in deciduous forests serve as a temporary sink for N when overstory trees are dormant, and then release this N later, in the summer, when the trees are active. This hypothesis has gained wide acceptance, yet two of its critical assumptions have never been experimentally tested: (1) that N taken up by spring ephemerals would otherwise be lost from the ecosystem, and (2) that N from senesced ephemeral tissues contributes to increased rates of summertime N mineralization. To test these assumptions, I quantified patterns of N cycling and loss from a set of paired plots, half of which served as controls and from half of which all spring-ephemeral plants were removed. There were no significant differences in NO3- leaching between plots with and without spring ephemeral vegetation. These results are consistent with the relatively low rates of N uptake by the dominant spring ephemeral, Allium tricoccum, and its apparent preference for NH4+, which is far less mobile in soil than NO3-. In addition, based on sequential sampling, I found that soil microorganisms took up 8 times as much N during the spring than did spring-ephemeral herbs (microbial uptake=3.19 vs. plant uptake=0.41 g N m-2), suggesting that microbial immobilization of N is the dominant sink for N during this season. Removal of spring ephemeral vegetation also had no effect on summertime rates of net N mineralization. Furthermore, the addition of spring ephemeral litter to soil+forest floor microcosms did not significantly increase rates of N mineralization in a laboratory incubation. Instead, this experiment demonstrated the overwhelming influence of forest floor litter in controlling the release of mineral N from these soils. Overall, neither assumption of the vernal dam hypothesis holds true in this ecosystem, where patterns of N cycling and loss appear to be dominated by microbial decomposition of forest floor material and soil organic matter.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NO3\u2013 Leaching", "N Immobilization", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Key Words Vernal Dam", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Spring Ephemerals", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial Biomass", "Legacy", "Health Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cellular and Developmental Biology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rothstein, David E.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008870"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008870", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008870", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008870"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0191-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-22", "title": "Fine Root Chemistry And Decomposition In Model Communities Of North-Temperate Tree Species Show Little Response To Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Varying Soil Resource Availability", "description": "Rising atmospheric [CO2] has the potential to alter soil carbon (C) cycling by increasing the content of recalcitrant constituents in plant litter, thereby decreasing rates of decomposition. Because fine root turnover constitutes a large fraction of annual NPP, changes in fine root decomposition are especially important. These responses will likely be affected by soil resource availability and the life history characteristics of the dominant tree species. We evaluated the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] and soil resource availability on the production and chemistry, mycorrhizal colonization, and decomposition of fine roots in an early- and late-successional tree species that are economically and ecologically important in north temperate forests. Open-top chambers were used to expose young trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trees to ambient (36 Pa) and elevated (56 Pa) atmospheric CO2. Soil resource availability was composed of two treatments that bracketed the range found in the Upper Lake States, USA. After 2.5 years of growth, sugar maple had greater fine root standing crop due to relatively greater allocation to fine roots (30% of total root biomass) relative to aspen (7% total root biomass). Relative to the low soil resources treatment, aspen fine root biomass increased 76% with increased soil resource availability, but only under elevated [CO2]. Sugar maple fine root biomass increased 26% with increased soil resource availability (relative to the low soil resources treatment), and showed little response to elevated [CO2]. Concentrations of N and soluble phenolics, and C/N ratio in roots were similar for the two species, but aspen had slightly higher lignin and lower condensed tannins contents compared to sugar maple. As predicted by source-sink models of carbon allocation, pooled constituents (C/N ratio, soluble phenolics) increased in response to increased relative carbon availability (elevated [CO2]/low soil resource availability), however, biosynthetically distinct compounds (lignin, starch, condensed tannins) did not always respond as predicted. We found that mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots was not strongly affected by atmospheric [CO2] or soil resource availability, as indicated by root ergosterol contents. Overall, absolute changes in root chemical composition in response to increases in C and soil resource availability were small and had no effect on soil fungal biomass or specific rates of fine root decomposition. We conclude that root contributions to soil carbon cycling will mainly be influenced by fine root production and turnover responses to rising atmospheric [CO2], rather than changes in substrate chemistry.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Science", "Climate", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Sugar Maple", "Soil", "Ergosterol", "Health Sciences", "Carbon-based Secondary Compounds", "Biomass", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Atmosphere", "Fungi", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Soil C Cycling", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Trembling Aspen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0191-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-005-0191-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-005-0191-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-005-0191-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-17", "description": "The aspen free-air CO2 and O3 enrichment (FACTS II-FACE) study in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA, is designed to understand the mechanisms by which young northern deciduous forest ecosystems respond to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) in a replicated, factorial, field experiment. Soil respiration is the second largest flux of carbon (C) in these ecosystems, and the objective of this study was to understand how soil respiration responded to the experimental treatments as these fast-growing stands of pure aspen and birch + aspen approached maximum leaf area. Rates of soil respiration were typically lowest in the elevated O3 treatment. Elevated CO2 significantly stimulated soil respiration (8-26%) compared to the control treatment in both community types over all three growing seasons. In years 6-7 of the experiment, the greatest rates of soil respiration occurred in the interaction treatment (CO2 + O3), and rates of soil respiration were 15-25% greater in this treatment than in the elevated CO2 treatment, depending on year and community type. Two of the treatments, elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 + O3, were fumigated with 13C-depleted CO2, and in these two treatments we used standard isotope mixing models to understand the proportions of new and old C in soil respiration. During the peak of the growing season, C fixed since the initiation of the experiment in 1998 (new C) accounted for 60-80% of total soil respiration. The isotope measurements independently confirmed that more new C was respired from the interaction treatment compared to the elevated CO2 treatment. A period of low soil moisture late in the 2003 growing season resulted in soil respiration with an isotopic signature 4-6 per thousand enriched in 13C compared to sample dates when the percentage soil moisture was higher. In 2004, an extended period of low soil moisture during August and early September, punctuated by a significant rainfall event, resulted in soil respiration that was temporarily 4-6 per thousand more depleted in 13C. Up to 50% of the Earth's forests will see elevated concentrations of both CO2 and O3 in the coming decades and these interacting atmospheric trace gases stimulated soil respiration in this study.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Cell Respiration", "Acer", "Carbon Cycling", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "Ozone", "Stable Isotope", "Air Pollution", "Health Sciences", "\u03b4 13 C", "Global Change", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Betula", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Carbon Isotopes", "Atmosphere", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Populus", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-07", "title": "Effects Of Drought And N-Fertilization On N Cycling In Two Grassland Soils", "description": "Open AccessOecologia, 171 (3)", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "N2O fluxes", "550", "functional genes", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Nitrification and denitrification", "enzyme activites", "Urine", "630", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "Quantitative PCR", "Climate change; Enzyme activities; Functional genes; Quantitative PCR; Nitrification and denitrification; N2O fluxes", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Animals", "Climate change", "Enzyme activities", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Functional genes", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "Archaea", "Droughts", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "climate change", "Genes", " Bacterial", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "quantitative PCR", "Denitrification", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Cattle", "nitrification and denitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050375", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Response Of Soil Biota To Elevated Atmospheric Co 2 In Poplar Model Systems", "description": "We tested the hypotheses that increased belowground allocation of carbon by hybrid poplar saplings grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 would increase mass or turnover of soil biota in bulk but not in rhizosphere soil. Hybrid poplar saplings (Populus\u00d7euramericana cv. Eugenei) were grown for 5 months in open-bottom root boxes at the University of Michigan Biological Station in northern, lower Michigan. The experimental design was a randomized-block design with factorial combinations of high or low soil N and ambient (34 Pa) or elevated (69 Pa) CO2 in five blocks. Rhizosphere microbial biomass carbon was 1.7 times greater in high-than in low-N soil, and did not respond to elevated CO2. The density of protozoa did not respond to soil N but increased marginally (P\u2009<\u20090.06) under elevated CO2. Only in high-N soil did arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microarthropods respond to CO2. In high-N soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal root mass was twice as great, and extramatrical hyphae were 11% longer in elevated than in ambient CO2 treatments. Microarthropod density and activity were determined in situ using minirhizotrons. Microarthropod density did not change in response to elevated CO2, but in high-N soil, microarthropods were more strongly associated with fine roots under elevated than ambient treatments. Overall, in contrast to the hypotheses, the strongest response to elevated atmospheric CO2 was in the rhizosphere where (1) unchanged microbial biomass and greater numbers of protozoa (P\u2009<\u20090.06) suggested faster bacterial turnover, (2) arbuscular mycorrhizal root length increased, and (3) the number of microarthropods observed on fine roots rose.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Arbuscular Mycorrhizas", "Microarthropods", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial Biomass", "Legacy", "Health Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Key Words Atmospheric CO2", "Cellular and Developmental Biology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Treonis, Amy, Lussenhop, John, Teeri, James A., Curtis, Peter S., Vogel, Christoph S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050375"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050375", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050375", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050375"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420100656", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Fine-Root Biomass And Fluxes Of Soil Carbon In Young Stands Of Paper Birch And Trembling Aspen As Affected By Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O3", "description": "Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in regenerating stands of trembling aspen, and mixed stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at FACTS-II, the Aspen FACE project in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was used to elevate concentrations of CO2 (average enrichment concentration 535\u00a0\u00b5l l-1) and O3 (53\u00a0nl l-1) in developing forest stands in 1998 and 1999. Soil respiration, soil pCO2, and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution (DOC) were monitored biweekly. Soil respiration was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Soil pCO2 and DOC samples were collected from soil gas wells and tension lysimeters, respectively, at depths of 15, 30, and 125\u00a0cm. Fine-root biomass averaged 263\u00a0g m-2 in control plots and increased 96% under elevated CO2. The increased root biomass was accompanied by a 39% increase in soil respiration and a 27% increase in soil pCO2. Both soil respiration and pCO2 exhibited a strong seasonal signal, which was positively correlated with soil temperature. DOC concentrations in soil solution averaged ~12\u00a0mg l-1 in surface horizons, declined with depth, and were little affected by the treatments. A simplified belowground C budget for the site indicated that native soil organic matter still dominated the system, and that soil respiration was by far the largest flux. Ozone decreased the above responses to elevated CO2, but effects were rarely statistically significant. We conclude that regenerating stands of northern hardwoods have the potential for substantially greater C input to soil due to greater fine-root production under elevated CO2. Greater fine-root biomass will be accompanied by greater soil C efflux as soil respiration, but leaching losses of C will probably be unaffected.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Aspen-FACE-project", "root-", "USA-", "pollutants-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "tropospheric-ozone", "forest-productivity", "01 natural sciences", "biomass-", "northern-forests", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "soil-carbon-flux", "terrestrial-ecosystems", "populus-tremuloides", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "soil-carbon", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "fine-root", "Bioenergetics- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics)", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Rhinelander- (Wisconsin-", "carbon-sequestration", "atmosphere-", "biomass-production", "dissolved-organic-carbon [DOC-]", "Science", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "forest-plantations", "carbon-dioxide", "carbon-storage", "fine-root-biomass", "belowground-biomass", "United-States-Wisconsin-Rhinelander", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "ozone-", "soil-respiration", "air-pollution", "global-change", "atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "biomass", "Molecular", "15. Life on land", "ozone", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "free-air-carbon-dioxide-enrichment [FREE-]: experimental-method", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Northern Forests Global Change Carbon Sequestration Soil Respiration Dissolved Organic Carbon Soil PCO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420100656", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420100656", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-12", "title": "Taxonomic Identity, Phylogeny, Climate And Soil Fertility As Drivers Of Leaf Traits Across Chinese Grassland Biomes", "description": "Although broad-scale inter-specific patterns of leaf traits are influenced by climate, soil, and taxonomic identity, integrated assessments of these drivers remain rare. Here, we quantify these drivers in a field study of 171 plant species in 174 sites across Chinese grasslands, including the Tibetan Plateau, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang. General linear models were used to partition leaf trait variation. Of the total variation in leaf traits, on average 27% is due to taxonomic or phylogenetic differences among species within sites (pure species effect), 29% to variation among sites within species (pure site effect), 38% to joint effects of taxonomic and environmental factors (shared effect), and 6.2% to within-site and within-species variation. Examining the pure site effect, climate explained 7.8%, soil explained 7.4%, and climate and soil variables together accounted for 11%, leaving 18% of the inter-site variation due to factors other than climate or soil. The results do not support the hypothesis that soil fertility is the 'missing link' to explain leaf trait variation unexplained by climatic factors. Climate- and soil-induced leaf adaptations occur mostly among species, and leaf traits vary little within species in Chinese grassland plants, despite strongly varying climate and soil conditions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "Climate", "Soil fertility", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "Quantitative Trait", " Heritable", "Species Specificity", "1110 Plant Science", "Tibetan Plateau", "Leaf economics spectrum", "functional traits", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "2. Zero hunger", "photosynthesis", "soil fertility", "Inner Mongolia (China)", "15. Life on land", "Plant Leaves", "Inner Mongolia", "Linear Models", "leaf economics", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Functional traits"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-13", "title": "Effects of climate change on the distribution of hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Southeast Europe", "description": "\u00a9 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature. Climate change presents a serious threat to global biodiversity. Loss of pollinators in particular has major implications, with extirpation of these species potentially leading to severe losses in agriculture and, thus, economic losses. In this study, we forecast the effects of climate change on the distribution of hoverflies in Southeast Europe using species distribution modelling and climate change scenarios for two time-periods. For 2041\u20132060, 19 analysed species were predicted to increase their areas of occupancy, with the other 25 losing some of their ranges. For 2061\u20132080, 55% of species were predicted to increase their area of occupancy, while 45% were predicted to experience range decline. In general, range size changes for most species were below 20%, indicating a relatively high resilience of hoverflies to climate change when only environmental variables are considered. Additionally, range-restricted species are not predicted to lose more area proportionally to widespread species. Based on our results, two distributional trends can be established: the predicted gain of species in alpine regions, and future loss of species from lowland areas. Considering that the loss of pollinators from present lowland agricultural areas is predicted and that habitat degradation presents a threat to possible range expansion of hoverflies in the future, developing conservation management strategy for the preservation of these species is crucial. This study represents an important step towards the assessment of the effects of climate changes on hoverflies and can be a valuable asset in creating future conservation plan, thus helping in mitigating potential consequences.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "LAND-USE", "SELECTING THRESHOLDS", "Global warming", "AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS", "Conservation", "15. Life on land", "DISTRIBUTION MODELS", "EXTINCTION RISK", "01 natural sciences", "Conservation \u00b7 Global warming \u00b7 Insects \u00b7 Endemism \u00b7 Species distribution modelling", "ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE", "Insects", "Environmental sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "Species distribution modelling", "GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS", "LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE", "AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION", "BALKAN PENINSULA", "Endemism"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biodiversity%20and%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10531-017-1486-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-004-7112-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-04", "title": "Extracellular Enzyme Activities And Soil Organic Matter Dynamics For Northern Hardwood Forests Receiving Simulated Nitrogen Deposition", "description": "Anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment alters decomposition processes that control the flux of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from soil organic matter (SOM) pools. To link N-driven changes in SOM to microbial responses, we measured the potential activity of several extracellular enzymes involved in SOM degradation at nine experimental sites located in northern Michigan. Each site has three treatment plots (ambient, +30 and +80 kg N ha 1 y 1 ). Litter and soil samples were collected on five dates over the third growing season of N treatment. Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and cellobiohydrolase activities showed significant responses to N additions. In the Acer saccha- rum-Tilia americana ecosystem, oxidative activity was 38% higher in the litter horizon of high N treatment plots, relative to ambient plots, while oxidative activity in mineral soil showed little change. In the A. saccharum-Quercus rubra and Q. velutina-Q. alba ecosystems, oxidative activities declined in both litter (15 and 23%, respectively) and soil (29 and 38%, respectively) in response to high N treatment while cellobiohydrolase activity increased (6 and 39% for litter, 29 and 18% for soil, respectively). Over 3 years, SOM content in the high N plots has decreased in the Acer-Tilia ecosystem and increased in the two Quercus ecosystems, relative to ambient plots. For all three ecosystems, differences in SOM content in relation to N treatment were directly related (r 2 = 0.92) to an enzyme activity factor that included both oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme responses.", "keywords": ["Soil Science & Conservation", "Decomposition", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Terrestrial Pollution", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biochemistry", "Phenol Oxidase", "Geochemistry", "Cellulase", "Soil Organic Matter", "Health Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Deposition", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "General", "Extracellular Enzyme Activity", "Geosciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-7112-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-004-7112-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-004-7112-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-004-7112-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-28", "title": "Increasing Soil Methane Sink Along A 120-Year Afforestation Chronosequence Is Driven By Soil Moisture", "description": "AbstractUpland soils are important sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4), a process essentially driven by methanotrophic bacteria. Soil CH4 uptake often depends on land use, with afforestation generally increasing the soil CH4 sink. However, the mechanisms driving these changes are not well understood to date. We measured soil CH4 and N2O fluxes along an afforestation chronosequence with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) established on an extensively grazed subalpine pasture. Our experimental design included forest stands with ages ranging from 25 to >120\uffc2\uffa0years and included a factorial cattle urine addition treatment to test for the sensitivity of soil CH4 uptake to N application. Mean CH4 uptake significantly increased with stand age on all sampling dates. In contrast, CH4 oxidation by sieved soils incubated in the laboratory did not show a similar age dependency. Soil CH4 uptake was unrelated to soil N status (but cattle urine additions stimulated N2O emission). Our data indicated that soil CH4 uptake in older forest stands was driven by reduced soil water content, which resulted in a facilitated diffusion of atmospheric CH4 into soils. The lower soil moisture likely resulted from increased interception and/or evapotranspiration in the older forest stands. This mechanism contrasts alternative explanations focusing on nitrogen dynamics or the composition of methanotrophic communities, although these factors also might be at play. Our findings further imply that the current dramatic increase in forested area increases CH4 uptake in alpine regions.
", "keywords": ["2300 General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "13. Climate action", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "2306 Global and Planetary Change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "2303 Ecology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02798.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Simulated Drought And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Plant Productivity And Nitrous Oxide (N2o) Emissions Of Two Pastures", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0032-079X", "keywords": ["Soil acidity", "Drought", "Soil microbial C and N", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Nitrification", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Grazing", "Greenhouse gases", "Summer drought", "13. Climate action", "1110 Plant Science", "Denitrification", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Compensatory growth; Denitrification; Drought; Grassland; Grazing; Greenhouse gases; Soil microbial C and N; Soil acidity; Nitrification; Summer drought", "Compensatory growth", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13225-024-00533-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-26", "title": "Class-wide genomic tendency throughout specific extremes in black fungi", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["570", "Black Fungi", "Plant Biology", "Mycology & Parasitology", "Evolutionary biology", "Microbiology", "Genetics", "Black fungi \u00b7 Stress resistance \u00b7 Comparative genomics \u00b7 Extreme environments", "14. Life underwater", "Plant biology", "2. Zero hunger", "Evolutionary Biology", "Black fungi", "Comparative genomics", "Human Genome", "500", "Extreme environments", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "3. Good health", "Health Disparities", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Stress resistance", "Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/450837/1/FUDI_Coleine%20et%20al%20v2..pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/450837/3/s13225-024-00533-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt86f967px/qt86f967px.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-024-00533-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fungal%20Diversity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13225-024-00533-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13225-024-00533-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13225-024-00533-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.08.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-18", "title": "Changes in the genetic structure of an invasive earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricidae) along an urban \u2013 rural gradient in North America", "description": "European earthworms were introduced to North America by European settlers about 400 years ago. Human-mediated introductions significantly contributed to the spread of European species, which commonly are used as fishing bait and are often disposed deliberately in the wild. We investigated the genetic structure of Lumbricus terrestris in a 100 km range south of Calgary, Canada, an area that likely was devoid of this species two decades ago. Genetic relationships among populations, gene flow, and migration events among populations were investigated using seven microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. Earthworms were collected at different distances from the city and included fishing baits from three different bait distributors. The results suggest that field populations in Alberta established rather recently and that bait and field individuals in the study area have a common origin. Genetic variance within populations decreased outside of the urban area, and the most distant populations likely originated from a single introduction event. The results emphasise the utility of molecular tools to understand the spatial extent and connectivity of populations of exotic species, in particular soil-delling species, that invade native ecosystems and to obtain information on the origin of populations. Such information is crucial for developing management and prevention strategies to limit and control establishment of non-native earthworms in North America.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "Microsatellites", " Exotic earthworms", " Invasion", " Gene flow", " Dispersal", " Population structure", " Soil", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.08.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.08.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.08.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.08.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-12", "title": "Effects Of Chronic Nitrogen Amendment On Dissolved Organic Matter And Inorganic Nitrogen In Soil Solution", "description": "Abstract Increased atmospheric deposition of N to forests is an issue of global concern, with largely undocumented long-term effects on soil solution chemistry. In contrast to bulk soil properties, which are typically slow to respond to a chronic stress, soil solution chemistry may provide an early indication of the long-term changes in soils associated with a chronic stress. At the Harvard Forest, soil solution was collected beneath the forest floor in zero tension lysimeters for 10 years (1993\u20132002) as part of an N saturation experiment. The experiment was begun in 1988 with 5 or 15\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122 per year added to hardwood and pine forest plots, and our samples thus characterize the long-term response to N fertilization. Samples were routinely analyzed for inorganic nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC); selected samples were also analyzed to determine qualitative changes in the composition of dissolved organic matter. Fluxes of DOC, DON, and inorganic N were calculated based on modeled water loss from the forest floor and observed concentrations in lysimeter samples. The concentration and flux of inorganic N lost from the forest floor in percolating soil solution are strongly affected by N fertilization and have not shown any consistent trends over time. On average, inorganic N fluxes have reached or exceeded the level of fertilizer application in most plots. Concentrations of DOC were unchanged by N fertilization in both the hardwood and pine stands, with long-term seasonal averages ranging from 31\u201357\u00a0mg\u00a0l\u22121 (hardwood) and 36\u201393\u00a0mg\u00a0l\u22121 (pine). Annual fluxes of DOC ranged from 30\u201350\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 per year. DON concentrations more than doubled, resulting in a shift toward N-rich organic matter in soil solution percolating from the plots, and DON fluxes of 1\u20133\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 per year. The DOC:DON ratio of soil solution under high N application (10\u201320) was about half that of controls. The organic chemistry of soil solution undergoes large qualitative changes in response to N addition. With N saturation, there is proportionally more hydrophilic material in the total DON pool, and a lower C:N ratio in the hydrophobic fraction of the total DOM pool. Overall, our data show that fundamental changes in the chemistry of forest floor solution have occurred in response to N fertilization prior to initiation of our sampling. During the decade of this study (years 5\u201314 of N application) both inorganic N and dissolved organic matter concentrations have changed little despite the significant biotic changes that have accompanied N saturation.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Scientific Contribution Number 2219", "Forest Sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-14", "title": "Nitrogen Cycling Following Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance In Lodgepole Pine Forests Of Greater Yellowstone", "description": "Widespread bark beetle outbreaks are currently affecting multiple conifer forest types throughout western North America, yet many ecosystem-level consequences of this disturbance are poorly understood. We quantified the effect of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak on nitrogen (N) cycling through litter, soil, and vegetation in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (WY, USA) across a 0\u201330 year chronosequence of time-since-beetle disturbance. Recent (1\u20134 years) bark beetle disturbance increased total litter depth and N concentration in needle litter relative to undisturbed stands, and soils in recently disturbed stands were cooler with greater rates of net N mineralization and nitrification than undisturbed sites. Thirty years after beetle outbreak, needle litter N concentration remained elevated; however total litter N concentration, total litter mass, and soil N pools and fluxes were not different from undisturbed stands. Canopy N pool size declined 58% in recent outbreaks, and remained 48% lower than undisturbed in 30-year old outbreaks. Foliar N concentrations in unattacked lodgepole pine trees and an understory sedge were positively correlated with net N mineralization in soils across the chronosequence. Bark beetle disturbance altered N cycling through the litter, soil, and vegetation of lodgepole pine forests, but changes in soil N cycling were less severe than those observed following stand replacing fire. Several lines of evidence suggest the potential for N leaching is low following bark beetle disturbance in lodgepole pine.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "Entomology", "Forest Management", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-18", "title": "Will Changes In Climate And Land Use Affect Soil Organic Matter Composition? Evidence From An Ecotonal Climosequence", "description": "Abstract As the largest actively cycling pool of terrestrial C, the response of soil organic matter (SOM) to climate change may greatly affect global C cycling and climate change feedbacks. Despite the influence of SOM chemistry\u2014here defined as soil organic C (SOC) and soil organic N (SON) functional groups and compounds\u2014on decomposition, uncertainty exists regarding the response of SOM chemistry to climate change and associated land use shifts. Here, we adopt a climosequence approach, using latitude along a uniform glacial till deposit at the grassland\u2013forest ecotone in central Canada as a surrogate for the effects of climate change on SOM chemistry. Additionally, we evaluate differences in SOM chemistry from paired native grassland, native trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) forest, and arable soil profiles to investigate the effects of likely climate-induced land use alterations. The combination of C and N K -edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) with pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) techniques was used to examine SOM chemistry at atomic and molecular scales, respectively. These techniques revealed only modest differences in surface SOM chemistry related to land use and latitude. Greater variation was apparent in the vertical stratification of SOM constituents from soil depth profiles. These findings indicate that pedon-scale processes have greater control over SOM chemistry than do processes operating on landscape (e.g. land use) and regional (e.g. climate) scales. Additionally they imply that SOM chemistry is largely unresponsive to climatic change on the magnitude of the mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient under study (~\u00a00.7\u00a0\u00b0C), despite its location at the grassland\u2013forest boundary highlighting its sensitivity, and is similarly unresponsive to associated land use shifts.", "keywords": ["Vegetation", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic nitrogen", "Forest Sciences", "Organic carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Purton, Kendra, Pennock, Dan, Leinweber, Peter, Walley, Fran,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-15", "title": "Fighting Carbon Loss Of Degraded Peatlands By Jump-Starting Ecosystem Functioning With Ecological Restoration", "description": "Degradation of ecosystems is a great concern on the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological restoration fights degradation aiming at the recovery of ecosystem functions such as carbon (C) sequestration and ecosystem structures like plant communities responsible for the C sequestration function. We selected 38 pristine, drained and restored boreal peatland sites in Finland and asked i) what is the long-term effect of drainage on the peatland surface layer C storage, ii) can restoration recover ecosystem functioning (surface layer growth) and structure (plant community composition) and iii) is the recovery of the original structure needed for the recovery of ecosystem functions? We found that drainage had resulted in a substantial net loss of C from surface layer of drained sites. Restoration was successful in regaining natural growth rate in the peatland surface layer already within 5 years after restoration. However, the regenerated surface layer sequestered C at a mean rate of 116.3 g m(-2) yr(-1) (SE 12.7), when a comparable short-term rate was 178.2 g m(-2) yr(-1) (SE 13.3) at the pristine sites. The plant community compositions of the restored sites were considerably dissimilar to those of pristine sites still 10 years after restoration. We conclude that ecological restoration can be used to jump-start some key peatland ecosystem functions even without the recovery of original ecosystem structure (plant community composition). However, the re-establishment of other functions like C sequestration may require more profound recovery of conditions and ecosystem structure. We discuss the potential economic value of restored peatland ecosystems from the perspective of their C sequestration function.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Carbon Sequestration", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "ecosystem structure\u2013function relationship", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "ta1172", "Museo", "plant community composition", "turve", "03 medical and health sciences", "Museum", "ecosystem recovery", "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "ta116", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Finland", "0303 health sciences", "hiilensidonta", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "carbon sequestration", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "peat", "ta1181", "ecosystem degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-05", "title": "Precipitation Modifies The Effects Of Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Microbial Communities In Northern Chinese Grasslands", "description": "Terrestrial ecosystems experience simultaneous shifts in multiple drivers of global change, which can interactively affect various resources. The concept that different resources co-limit plant productivity has been well studied. However, co-limitation of soil microbial communities by multiple resources has not been as thoroughly investigated. Specifically, it is not clearly understood how microbial communities respond to shifts in multiple interacting resources such as water, temperature, and nitrogen (N), in the context of global change. To test the effects of these various resources on soil microorganisms, we established a field experiment with temperature and N manipulation in three grasslands of northern China, where there is a decrease in precipitation from east to west across the region. We found that microbial responses to temperature depended upon seasonal water regimes in these temperate steppes. When there was sufficient water present, warming had positive effects on soil microorganisms, suggesting an interaction between water and increases in temperature enhanced local microbial communities. When drought or alternating wet\u2013dry stress occurred, warming had detrimental effects on soil microbial communities. Our results also provide clear evidence for serial co-limitation of microorganisms by water and N at the functional group and community levels, where water is a primary limiting factor and N addition positively affects soil microorganisms only when water is sufficient. We predict that future microbial responses to changes in temperature and N availability could be seasonal or exist only in non-drought years, and will strongly rely on future precipitation regimes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "13. Climate action", "2404 Microbiology", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "1111 Soil Science", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/00103620802135492", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-02", "title": "Tillage Effects On Soil Quality Indicators And Nematode Abundance In Loessial Soil Under Long-Term No-Till Production", "description": "Abstract: Soil quality indicators and nematode abundance were characterized in a loessial soil under long\u2010term conservation tillage to evaluate the effects of no\u2010till, double\u2010disk, chisel, and moldboard plow treatments. Indicators included soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM), and total particulate organic matter (tPOM). Nematode abundance was positively correlated with EC, silt content, and total POM and negatively correlated with clay content. Clay content was the main source of variation among soil quality indicators and was negatively correlated with nematode abundance and most indicators. The gain in SOM in the no\u2010till system amounted to 10887\u00a0kg over the 24 years or 454\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, about half of this difference (45%) resulting from soil erosion in plowed soils. The balance of gain in SOM with no till (249\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 year\u22121) was due to SOM sequestration with no till. No\u2010till management reduced soil erosion, increased SOM, and enhanced soil physical characteristics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nematode abundance", "no-till", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Loess", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "Agricultural Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620802135492"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/00103620802135492", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/00103620802135492", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/00103620802135492"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009783625188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-22", "description": "Short-term studies of tree growth at elevated CO2 suggest that forest productivity may increase as atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise, although low soil N availability may limit the magnitude of this response. There have been few studies of growth and N2 fixation by symbiotic N 2-fixing woody species under elevated CO 2 and the N inputs these plants could provide to forest ecosystems in the future. We investigated the effect of twice ambient CO 2 on growth, tissue N accretion, and N2 fixation of nodulatedAlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. grown under low soil N conditions for 160 d. Root, nodule, stem, and leaf dry weight (DW) and N accretion increased significantly in response to elevated CO2. Whole-plant biomass and N accretion increased 54% and 40%, respectively. Delta- 15 Na nalysis of leaf tissue indicated that plants from both treatments derived similar proportions of their total N from symbiotic fixation suggesting that elevated CO 2 grown plants fixed approximately 40% more N than did ambient CO 2 grown plants. Leaves from both CO2 treatments showed similar relative declines in leaf N content prior to autumnal leaf abscission, but total N in leaf litter increased 24% in elevated compared to ambient CO2 grown plants. These results suggest that with rising atmospheric CO2 N2-fixing woody species will accumulate greater amounts of biomass N through N2 fixation and may enhance soil N levels by increased litter N inputs.", "keywords": ["Delta 15 N Analysis", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Science", "Plant Sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Life Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide Enrichment", "Root Nodules", "Black Alder", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christoph S. Vogel, Christoph S. Vogel, Richard B. Thomas, Peter S. Curtis, Peter S. Curtis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009783625188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009783625188", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009783625188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009783625188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-08", "title": "Nutrient Control Of Microbial Carbon Cycling Along An Ombrotrophic-Minerotrophic Peatland Gradient", "description": "Future climate change and other anthropogenic activities are likely to increase nutrient availability in many peatlands, and it is important to understand how these additional nutrients will influence peatland carbon cycling. We investigated the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on aerobic CH4oxidation, anaerobic carbon mineralization (as CO2and CH4production), and anaerobic nutrient mineralization in a bog, an intermediate fen, and a rich fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We utilized a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90week laboratory nutrient amendment experiment in conjunction with a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field nutrient fertilization experiment to consider how the relative response to nitrogen and phosphorus differed among these wetlands over the short and long term. Field fertilizations generally increased nutrient availability in the upper 15 cm of peat and resulted in shifts in the vegetation community in each peatland. High nitrogen concentrations inhibited CH4oxidation in bog peat during short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incubations; however, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization with lower concentrations of nitrogen stimulated rates of CH4oxidation in bog peat. In contrast, no nitrogen effects on CH4oxidation were observed in the intermediate or rich fen peat. Anaerobic carbon mineralization in bog peat was consistently inhibited by increased phosphorus availability, but similar phosphorus additions had few effects in the intermediate fen and stimulated CH4production and nutrient mineralization in the rich fen. Our results demonstrate that nitrogen and phosphorus are important controls of peatland microbial carbon cycling; however, the role of these nutrients can differ over the short and long term and is strongly mediated by peatland type.
", "keywords": ["Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "2. Zero hunger", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Peatlands", "Biochemistry", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Microbial Carbon Cycling", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000152"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2005jg000152"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-29", "title": "Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems", "description": "The effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning generally increase over time, but the underlying processes remain unclear. Using 26 long-term grassland and forest experimental ecosystems, we demonstrate that biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships strengthen mainly by greater increases in functioning in high-diversity communities in grasslands and forests. In grasslands, biodiversity effects also strengthen due to decreases in functioning in low-diversity communities. Contrasting trends across grasslands are associated with differences in soil characteristics.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "grassland ecology", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "577", "soil biodiversity", "Biodiversity", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Life Science", "ddc:570", "forest ecology", "Forest Sciences", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "Ecosystem", "biodiversity", "ecosystem health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0325-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-09", "title": "A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem", "description": "Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128\u2009components of a subarctic grassland to either 5-8 or >50\u2009years of soil warming. Warming of >50\u2009years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However, the warmed state was preceded by an overreaction to warming, which was related to organism physiology and was evident after 5-8\u2009years. Ignoring this overreaction yielded errors of >100% for 83\u2009variables when predicting their responses to a realistic warming scenario of 1\u2009\u00b0C over 50\u2009years, although some, including soil carbon content, remained stable after 5-8\u2009years. This study challenges long-term ecosystem predictions made from short-term observations, and provides a framework for characterization of ecosystem responses to sustained climate change.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Environmental management", "INCREASES", "Ecosystem ecology", "Climate Change", "Evolutionary biology", "TERM", "630", "Article", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Life Below Water", "Ecosystem", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "Climate-change ecology", "SHIFTS", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "FEEDBACKS", "106022 Microbiology", "VEGETATION", "SENSITIVITY", "Environmental Sciences", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt99v0g8pc/qt99v0g8pc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-020-58025-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-28", "title": "Building de novo reference genome assemblies of complex eukaryotic microorganisms from single nuclei", "description": "AbstractThe advent of novel sequencing techniques has unraveled a tremendous diversity on Earth. Genomic data allow us to understand ecology and function of organisms that we would not otherwise know existed. However, major methodological challenges remain, in particular for multicellular organisms with large genomes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are important plant symbionts with cryptic and complex multicellular life cycles, thus representing a suitable model system for method development. Here, we report a novel method for large scale, unbiased nuclear sorting, sequencing, and de novo assembling of AM fungal genomes. After comparative analyses of three assembly workflows we discuss how sequence data from single nuclei can best be used for different downstream analyses such as phylogenomics and comparative genomics of single nuclei. Based on analysis of completeness, we conclude that comprehensive de novo genome assemblies can be produced from six to seven nuclei. The method is highly applicable for a broad range of taxa, and will greatly improve our ability to study multicellular eukaryotes with complex life cycles.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Evolutionary Biology", "0303 health sciences", "Genome", "Fungi", "Computational Biology", "Eukaryota", "Genomics", "Article", "Workflow", "Evolutionsbiologi", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Algorithms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58025-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58025-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-020-58025-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-020-58025-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-020-58025-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Chemistry And Decomposition Of Litter From Populus Tremuloides Michaux Grown At Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Varying N Availability", "description": "SummaryIt has been hypothesized that greater production of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in foliage grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in higher concentrations of defensive compounds in tree leaf litter, possibly leading to reduced rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems of the future. To evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on litter chemistry and decomposition, we performed a 111 day laboratory incubation with leaf litter of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichaux) produced at 36\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa and 56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa CO2and two levels of soil nitrogen (N) availability. Decomposition was quantified as microbially respired CO2and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution, and concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, N, carbon (C), and condensed tannins were monitored throughout the incubation. Growth under elevated atmospheric CO2did not significantly affect initial litter concentrations of TNC, N, or condensed tannins. Rates of decomposition, measured as both microbially respired CO2and DOC did not differ between litter produced under ambient and elevated CO2. Total C lost from the samples was 38\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as respired CO2and 138\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as DOC, suggesting short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pulses of dissolved C in soil solution are important components of the terrestrial C cycle. We conclude that litter chemistry and decomposition in trembling aspen are minimally affected by growth under higher concentrations of CO2.
", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "carbohydrates", "Quaking aspen", "forest-soil", "litter-plant", "nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "Microlysimeter", "soil-chemistry", "cycling-", "populus-tremuloides", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Soil Carbon", "Microbiology of soils", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "chemical-composition", "Organic-matter", "soil-solution", "nutrient-availability", "Tannin", "leaf-litter", "Science", "decomposition-", "Nutrient enrichment", "Carbohydrates", "carbohydrates-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "Nitrogen in soil", "michigan-", "carbon sinks", "C", "Nutrient budget of forests", "Litter", "Populus tremuloides", "Global Change", "tannins-", "Decomposition", "forest-litter", "Foliage", "Carbon dioxide effects on forest litter", "Climatic changes", "15. Life on land", "carbon-nitrogen-ratio", "Forest litter decomposition", "N Ratio", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial-activities", "nitrogen-content"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Simulated Chronic No3\u2212Deposition Reduces Soil Respiration In Northern Hardwood Forests", "description": "AbstractChronic N additions to forest ecosystems can enhance soil N availability, potentially leading to reduced C allocation to root systems. This in turn could decrease soil CO2 efflux. We measured soil respiration during the first, fifth, sixth and eighth years of simulated atmospheric NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 deposition (3\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to four sugar maple\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated northern hardwood forests in Michigan to assess these possibilities. During the first year, soil respiration rates were slightly, but not significantly, higher in the NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots. In all subsequent measurement years, soil respiration rates from NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended soils were significantly depressed. Soil temperature and soil matric potential were measured concurrently with soil respiration and used to develop regression relationships for predicting soil respiration rates. Estimates of growing season and annual soil CO2 efflux made using these relationships indicate that these C fluxes were depressed by 15% in the eighth year of chronic NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 additions. The decrease in soil respiration was not due to reduced C allocation to roots, as root respiration rates, root biomass, and root turnover were not significantly affected by N additions. Aboveground litter also was unchanged by the 8 years of treatment. Of the remaining potential causes for the decline in soil CO2 efflux, reduced microbial respiration appears to be the most likely possibility. Documented reductions in microbial biomass and the activities of extracellular enzymes used for litter degradation on the NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots are consistent with this explanation.
", "keywords": ["Nitrogen Fertilization", "Soil CO 2 Efflux", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Science", "Atmospheric Nitrate Deposition", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Root Respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Temperature and Moisture Effects", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Root Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01001.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-19", "title": "Soil Organic Matter And Litter Chemistry Response To Experimental N Deposition In Northern Temperate Deciduous Forest Ecosystems", "description": "AbstractThe effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on organic matter decomposition vary with the biochemical characteristics of plant litter. At the ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale, net effects are difficult to predict because various soil organic matter (SOM) fractions may respond differentially. We investigated the relationship between SOM chemistry and microbial activity in three northern deciduous forest ecosystems that have been subjected to experimental N addition for 2 years. Extractable dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DOC aromaticity, C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio, and functional group distribution, measured by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), were analyzed for litter and SOM. The largest biochemical changes were found in the sugar maple\uffe2\uff80\uff93basswood (SMBW) and black oak\uffe2\uff80\uff93white oak (BOWO) ecosystems. SMBW litter from the N addition treatment had less aromaticity, higher C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios, and lower saturated carbon, lower carbonyl carbon, and higher carboxylates than controls; BOWO litter showed opposite trends, except for carbonyl and carboxylate contents. Litter from the sugar maple\uffe2\uff80\uff93red oak (SMRO) ecosystem had a lower C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio, but no change in DOC aromaticity. For SOM, the C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio increased with N addition in SMBW and SMRO ecosystems, but decreased in BOWO; N addition did not affect the aromaticity of DOC extracted from mineral soil. All ecosystems showed increases in extractable DOC from both litter and soil in response to N treatment. The biochemical changes are consistent with the divergent microbial responses observed in these systems. Extracellular oxidative enzyme activity has declined in the BOWO and SMRO ecosystems while activity in the SMBW ecosystem, particularly in the litter horizon, has increased. In all systems, enzyme activities associated with the hydrolysis and oxidation of polysaccharides have increased. At the ecosystem scale, the biochemical characteristics of the dominant litter appear to modulate the effects of N deposition on organic matter dynamics.
", "keywords": ["Litter Chemistry", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Soil Organic Matter", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Deposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Dissolved Organic Matter", "Extracellular Enzyme Activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01001.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01001.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01001.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01001.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-16", "title": "Drought Effects On Litterfall, Wood Production And Belowground Carbon Cycling In An Amazon Forest: Results Of A Throughfall Reduction Experiment", "description": "The Amazon Basin experiences severe droughts that may become more common in the future. Little is known of the effects of such droughts on Amazon forest productivity and carbon allocation. We tested the prediction that severe drought decreases litterfall and wood production but potentially has multiple cancelling effects on belowground production within a 7-year partial throughfall exclusion experiment. We simulated an approximately 35\uffe2\uff80\uff9341% reduction in effective rainfall from 2000 through 2004 in a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff8aha plot and compared forest response with a similar control plot. Wood production was the most sensitive component of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) to drought, declining by 13% the first year and up to 62% thereafter. Litterfall declined only in the third year of drought, with a maximum difference of 23% below the control plot. Soil CO 2 efflux and its 14 C signature showed no significant treatment response, suggesting similar amounts and sources of belowground production. ANPP was similar between plots in 2000 and declined to a low of 41% below the control plot during the subsequent treatment years, rebounding to only a 10% difference during the first post-treatment year. Live aboveground carbon declined by 32.5\uffe2\uff80\uff8aMg\uffe2\uff80\uff8aha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 through the effects of drought on ANPP and tree mortality. Results of this unreplicated, long-term, large-scale ecosystem manipulation experiment demonstrate that multi-year severe drought can substantially reduce Amazon forest carbon stocks.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "wood production", "above-ground net primary productivity", "drought", "Medical and Health Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Disasters", "Soil", "Amazon", "litterfall", "global change", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Water", "Biological Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1b27s752/qt1b27s752.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2007.0031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiab059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-14", "title": "Fungus-bacterium associations are widespread in fungal cultures isolated from a semi-arid natural grassland in Germany", "description": "ABSTRACTWe report on a study that aimed at establishing a large soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93fungal culture collection spanning a wide taxonomic diversity and systematically screening the collection for bacterial associations. Fungal cultures were isolated from soil samples obtained from a natural grassland in eastern Germany and bacterial associations were assessed by PCR-amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. In addition, intraspecies genetic diversities of a subset of the isolated species were estimated by double-digest restriction associated DNA sequencing. A total of 688 fungal cultures, representing at least 106 fungal species from 36 different families, were obtained and even though clonal isolates were identified in almost all fungal species subjected to ddRAD-seq, relatively high genetic diversities could be observed in some of the isolated species. A total of 69% of the fungal isolates in our collection were found to be associated with bacteria and the most commonly identified bacterial genera were Pelomonas, Enterobacter and Burkholderia. Our results indicate that bacterial associations commonly occur in soil fungi, even if antibiotics are being applied during the isolation process, and provide a basis for the use of our culture collection in ecological experiments that want to acknowledge the importance of intraspecies genetic diversity.
", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "0303 health sciences", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Bacteria", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Fungi", "Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "bepress|Life Sciences", "Germany", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Humans", "Bacteria ; Fungal-bacterial Interaction ; Soil Fungi ; Ddrad Sequencing", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-pdf/97/5/fiab059/37624504/fiab059.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiab059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiab059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiab059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Tropical land carbon cycle responses to 2015/16 El Ni\u00f1o as recorded by atmospheric greenhouse gas and remote sensing data", "description": "The outstanding tropical land climate characteristic over the past decades is rapid warming, with no significant large-scale precipitation trends. This warming is expected to continue but the effects on tropical vegetation are unknown. El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o-related heat peaks may provide a test bed for a future hotter world. Here we analyse tropical land carbon cycle responses to the 2015/16 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o heat and drought anomalies using an atmospheric transport inversion. Based on the global atmospheric CO 2 and fossil fuel emission records, we find no obvious signs of anomalously large carbon release compared with earlier El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o events, suggesting resilience of tropical vegetation. We find roughly equal net carbon release anomalies from Amazonia and tropical Africa, approximately 0.5 PgC each, and smaller carbon release anomalies from tropical East Asia and southern Africa. Atmospheric CO anomalies reveal substantial fire carbon release from tropical East Asia peaking in October 2015 while fires contribute only a minor amount to the Amazonian carbon flux anomaly. Anomalously large Amazonian carbon flux release is consistent with downregulation of primary productivity during peak negative near-surface water anomaly (October 2015 to March 2016) as diagnosed by solar-induced fluorescence. Finally, we find an unexpected anomalous positive flux to the atmosphere from tropical Africa early in 2016, coincident with substantial CO release.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics", "FLUX", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "550", "551", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Greenhouse Gases", "03 medical and health sciences", "[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL", "carbon cycle", "INVERSION", "Biology", "TEMPERATURE", "11 Medical and Health Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "tropical forests", "El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Science & Technology", "Atmosphere", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "EQUATORIAL PACIFIC", "Articles", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "13. Climate action", "PRECIPITATION", "Remote Sensing Technology", "INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "CO2", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "SENSITIVITY", "environment", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/135234/8/Tropical%20land%20carbon%20cycle%20responses%20to%202015/16%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20as%20recorded%20by%20atmospheric%20greenhouse%20gas%20and%20remote%20sensing%20data.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2020.0169", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-08", "title": "The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People", "description": "This theme issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). The papers in this issue show that soils can contribute positively to the delivery of all NCP. These contributions can be maximized through careful soil management to provide healthy soils, but poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to the delivery of NCP. Soils are also shown to contribute positively to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Papers in the theme issue emphasize the need for careful soil management. Priorities for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation, (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health, productivity and sustainability and to prevent degradation, and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. Our knowledge of what constitutes sustainable soil management is mature enough to implement best management practices, in order to maintain and improve soil health. The papers in this issue show the vast potential of soils to contribute to NCP. This is not only desirable, but essential to sustain a healthy planet and if we are to deliver sustainable development in the decades to come.
This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature\uffe2\uff80\uff99s Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems,protectthem from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils,managein a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come.
This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.Rock-dwelling microorganisms are key players in ecosystem functioning of Antarctic ice free-areas. Yet, little is known about their diversity and ecology. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses on rocks from across Antarctica comprising >75,000 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUS). We found largely undescribed, highly diverse and spatially structured virus communities potentially influencing bacterial adaptation and biogeochemistry. This catalog lays the foundation for expanding knowledge of the virosphere in extreme environments.1. Dark diversity represents the set of species that can potentially inhabit a given area under particular ecological conditions, but are currently \uffe2\uff80\uff98missing\uffe2\uff80\uff99 from a site. This concept allows characterisation of the mechanisms determining why species are sometimes absent from an area that seems ecologically suitable for them.
2. The aim of this study was to determine the dark diversity of hoverflies in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90eastern Europe and to discuss the role of different functional traits that might increase the likelihood of species contributing to dark diversity. Based on expert opinion, the Syrph the Net database and known occurrences of species, the study estimated species pools, and observed and dark diversities within each of 11 defined vegetation types for 564 hoverfly species registered in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90eastern Europe. To detect the most important functional traits contributing to species being in dark diversity across different vegetation types, a random forest algorithm and respective statistics for variable importance were used.
3. The highest dark diversity was found for southwest Balkan sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean mixed oak forest type, whereas the lowest was in Mediterranean mixed forest type. Three larval feeding modes (saproxylic, and phytophagous on bulbs or roots) were found to be most important for determining the probability of a species contributing to hoverfly dark diversity, based on univariate correlations and random forest analysis.
4. This study shows that studying dark diversity might provide important insights into what drives community assembly in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90eastern European hoverflies, especially its missing components, and contributes to more precise conservation prioritisation of both hoverfly species and their habitats.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "functional characteristics", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "LAND-USE", "vegetation types", "missing species", "Disturbance", "15. Life on land", "DIPTERA SYRPHIDAE", "FOREST", "01 natural sciences", "POLLINATORS", "COMMUNITY", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "MANAGEMENT", "BIODIVERSITY", "insects", "Syrphidae", "HABITAT", "OAK DECLINE", "richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/een.12788"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12788"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/een.12788", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/een.12788", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/een.12788"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2745.12959", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-16", "title": "Intransitive competition is common across five major taxonomic groups and is driven by productivity, competitive rank and functional traits", "description": "AbstractCompetition can be fully hierarchical or intransitive, and this degree of hierarchy is driven by multiple factors, including environmental conditions, the functional traits of the species involved or the topology of competition networks. Studies simultaneously analysing these drivers of competition hierarchy are rare. Additionally, organisms compete either directly or via interference competition for resources or space, within a local neighbourhood or across the habitat. Therefore, the drivers of competition could change accordingly and depend on the taxa studied.
We performed the first multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90taxon study on pairwise competition across major taxonomic groups, including experiments with vascular plants, mosses, saprobic fungi, aquatic protists and soil bacteria. We evaluated how general is competition intransitivity from the pairwise competition matrix including all species and also for each possible three\uffe2\uff80\uff90species combination (triplets). We then examined which species were likely to engage in competitive loops and the effects of environmental conditions, competitive rank and functional traits on intransitive competition.
We found some degree of competition intransitivity in all taxa studied, with 38% to 5% of triplets being intransitive. Variance in competitive rank between species and more fertile conditions strongly reduced intransitivity, with triplets composed of species differing widely in their competitive ranks much less likely to be intransitive.
Including functional traits of the species involved more than doubled the variation explained compared to models including competitive rank only. Both trait means and variance within triplets affected the odds of them being intransitive. However, the traits responsible and the direction of trait effects varied widely between taxa, suggesting that traits can have a wide variety of effects on competition.
Synthesis. We evaluated the drivers of competition across multiple taxa and showed that productivity and competitive rank are fundamental drivers of intransitivity. We also showed that not only the functional traits of each species, but also those of the accompanying species, determine competition intransitivity. Intransitive competition is common across multiple taxa but can dampen under fertile conditions or for those species with large variance in their competitive abilities. This provides a first step towards predicting the prevalence of intransitive competition in natural communities.
Climate change is expected to cause mountain species to shift their ranges to higher elevations. Due to the decreasing amounts of habitats with increasing elevation, such shifts are likely to increase their extinction risk. Heterogeneous mountain topography, however, may reduce this risk by providing microclimatic conditions that can buffer macroclimatic warming or provide nearby refugia. As aspect strongly influences the local microclimate, we here assess whether shifts from warm south\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed aspects to cool north\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed aspects in response to climate change can compensate for an upward shift into cooler elevations.LocationSwitzerland, Swiss Alps.
MethodsWe built ensemble distribution models using high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution climate data for two mountain\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling viviparous ectotherms, the Alpine salamander and the Common lizard, and projected them into various future scenarios to gain insights into distributional changes. We further compared elevation and aspect (northness) of current and predicted future locations to analyse preferences and future shifts.
ResultsFuture ranges were consistently decreasing for the lizard, but for the salamander they were highly variable, depending on the climate scenario and threshold rule. Aspect preferences were elevation\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent: warmer, south\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed microclimates were clearly preferred at higher compared to lower elevations. In terms of presence and future locations, we observed both elevational upward shifts and northward shifts in aspect. Under future conditions, the shift to cooler north\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed aspects was particularly pronounced at already warmer lower elevations.
Main conclusionsFor our study species, shifts in aspect and elevation are complementary strategies to mitigate climatic warming in the complex mountain topography. This complements the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing view of elevational upward shift being their only option to move into areas with suitable future climate. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution climate data are critical in heterogeneous environments to identify microrefugia and thereby improving future impact assessments of climate change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "4290733-0", "elevation", "aspect", "Modellierung", "4077275-5", "ddc:900", "01 natural sciences", "4128128-7", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "03 medical and health sciences", "4170297-9", "Schweizer Alpen", "Anthropogene Klima\u00e4nderung", "Wechselwarme", "aspect; climate change; ectotherms; microrefugia; mountain topography; Salamandra atra; species distribution modelling; Switzerland; thresholds; Zootoca vivipara", "4189352-9", "shift", "15. Life on land", "reptile", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "climate change", "Geschichte und Geografie", "900", "13. Climate action", "Anpassung", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "amphibian", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/785568/2/feldmeier%202020%20divers%20distrib.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ddi.13146"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13146"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Diversity%20and%20Distributions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ddi.13146", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ddi.13146", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ddi.13146"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ele.14530", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-16", "title": "Microbial Evolution Drives Adaptation of Substrate Degradation on Decadal to Centennial Time Scales Relevant to Global Change", "description": "ABSTRACTUnderstanding microbial adaptation is crucial for predicting how soil carbon dynamics and global biogeochemical cycles will respond to climate change. This study employs the DEMENT model of microbial decomposition, along with empirical mutation and dispersal rates, to explore the roles of mutation and dispersal in the adaptation of soil microbial populations to shifts in litter chemistry, changes that are anticipated with climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven vegetation dynamics. Following a change in litter chemistry, mutation generally allows for a higher rate of litter decomposition than dispersal, especially when dispersal predominantly introduces genotypes already present in the population. These findings challenge the common idea that mutation rates are too low to affect ecosystem processes on ecological timescales. These results demonstrate that evolutionary processes, such as mutation, can help maintain ecosystem functioning as the climate changes.To better understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it is increasingly accepted that the focus of study needs to shift from taxonomic identity to the diversity of functional traits displayed by species within a community. Such an approach allows species to be grouped according to particular functional characteristics. Increasingly viewed as an extremely important group of model organisms, hoverflies have been the focus of a variety of ecological studies. Based on data regarding selected functional traits of hoverflies registered in Southeast Europe, the main aims of our study were to define hoverfly functional groups according to the similarity of these traits, as well as to compare the representation of delineated hoverfly functional groups among these vegetation types. We used fuzzy clustering to classify 568 SE European hoverfly species into five functional groups. The principle trait separating these functional groups was larval feeding type, followed by size of species range, flight ability, number of generations, inundation tolerance, and tolerance to human impact. For 9 of 11 vegetation types, the dominant functional group was characterized by species with good flight ability, having high human impact tolerance and more annual generations. The remaining two vegetation types, South\uffe2\uff80\uff90west Balkan sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean mixed oak forests and Mediterranean mixed forests, showed disparate dominance patterns, indicating that richness of functional groups is dependent on vegetation. Further investigation of whether and how established conservation measures enable recovery of the functional richness affected by habitat disturbance would help elucidate the importance of functional diversity in preserving biodiversity.
", "keywords": ["INDICATORS", "0106 biological sciences", "LIFE-HISTORY", "ENVIRONMENT", "Diptera", "functional classification", "DIVERSITY", "15. Life on land", "DIPTERA SYRPHIDAE", "01 natural sciences", "POLLINATORS", "traits", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "functional classifcation", "PATTERNS", "BIODIVERSITY", "PLANTS", "insects", "Syrphidae", "COMMUNITIES", "plant cover", "richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ens.12477"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12477"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Entomological%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ens.12477", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ens.12477", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ens.12477"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-03", "title": "The unseen invaders: introduced earthworms as drivers of change in plant communities in North American forests (a meta-analysis)", "description": "AbstractGlobally, biological invasions can have strong impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem functioning. While less conspicuous than introduced aboveground organisms, introduced belowground organisms may have similarly strong effects. Here, we synthesize for the first time the impacts of introduced earthworms on plant diversity and community composition in North American forests. We conducted a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis using a total of 645 observations to quantify mean effect sizes of associations between introduced earthworm communities and plant diversity, cover of plant functional groups, and cover of native and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native plants. We found that plant diversity significantly declined with increasing richness of introduced earthworm ecological groups. While plant species richness or evenness did not change with earthworm invasion, our results indicate clear changes in plant community composition: cover of graminoids and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native plant species significantly increased, and cover of native plant species (of all functional groups) tended to decrease, with increasing earthworm biomass. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that introduced earthworms facilitate particular plant species adapted to the abiotic conditions of earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded forests. Further, our study provides evidence that introduced earthworms are associated with declines in plant diversity in North American forests. Changing plant functional composition in these forests may have long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting effects on ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NONNATIVE EARTHWORMS", "ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER", "introduced earthworms", "biological invasions", "SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS", "GLOBAL METAANALYSIS", "HARDWOOD FORESTS", "Journal Article", "BIODIVERSITY CHANGE", "Animals", "ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS", "earthworm invasion", "community composition", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Biodiversity", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "plant diversity", "United States", "plant communities", "meta-analysis", "Environmental sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "TEMPERATE FORESTS", "INVASIVE EARTHWORMS", "Introduced Species"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17268", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-02", "title": "Microbial evolution\u2014An under\u2010appreciated driver of soil carbon cycling", "description": "AbstractAlthough substantial advances in predicting the ecological impacts of global change have been made, predictions of the evolutionary impacts have lagged behind. In soil ecosystems, microbes act as the primary energetic drivers of carbon cycling; however, microbes are also capable of evolving on timescales comparable to rates of global change. Given the importance of soil ecosystems in global carbon cycling, we assess the potential impact of microbial evolution on carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedbacks in this system. We begin by reviewing the current state of knowledge concerning microbial evolution in response to global change and its specific effect on soil carbon dynamics. Through this integration, we synthesize a roadmap detailing how to integrate microbial evolution into ecosystem biogeochemical models. Specifically, we highlight the importance of microscale mechanistic soil carbon models, including choosing an appropriate evolutionary model (e.g., adaptive dynamics, quantitative genetics), validating model predictions with \uffe2\uff80\uff98omics\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and experimental data, scaling microbial adaptations to ecosystem level processes, and validating with ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale measurements. The proposed steps will require significant investment of scientific resources and might require 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89years to be fully implemented. However, through the application of multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale integrated approaches, we will advance the integration of microbial evolution into predictive understanding of ecosystems, providing clarity on its role and impact within the broader context of environmental change.
Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access.
As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups.
After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies.
Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.
Determining underlying physiological patterns governing plant productivity and diversity in grasslands are critical to evaluate species responses to future environmental conditions of elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition. In a 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experiment, N was added to monocultures of seven C3 grassland species exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (560\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to evaluate how N addition affects CO2 responsiveness in species of contrasting functional groups. Functional groups differed in their responses to elevated CO2 and N treatments. Forb species exhibited strong down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of leaf Nmass concentrations (\uffe2\uff88\uff9226%) and photosynthetic capacity (\uffe2\uff88\uff9228%) in response to elevated CO2, especially at high N supply, whereas C3 grasses did not. Hence, achieved photosynthetic performance was markedly enhanced for C3 grasses (+68%) in elevated CO2, but not significantly for forbs. Differences in access to soil resources between forbs and grasses may distinguish their responses to elevated CO2 and N addition. Forbs had lesser root biomass, a lower distribution of biomass to roots, and lower specific root length than grasses. Maintenance of leaf N, possibly through increased root foraging in this nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor grassland, was necessary to sustain stimulation of photosynthesis under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2. Dilution of leaf N and associated photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation in forbs under elevated [CO2], relative to the C3 grasses, illustrates the potential for shifts in species composition and diversity in grassland ecosystems that have significant forb and grass components.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Poaceae C3 grass species", "carbon dioxide enrichment", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "C 3 Grass Species", "FACE", "carbon cycle", "Species Functional Groups", "nitrogen cycle", "Free-air CO 2", "Carboxylation Rate", "Photosynthesis", "2. Zero hunger", "photosynthesis", "species diversity", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "carbon dioxide", "Carboxylation rate", "15. Life on land", "Species functional groups", "grasses", "Free-air CO2", "Keywords: angiosperm", "grassland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/63064/5/Crous-etal_GCB2009-doi-online.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/63064/7/01_Crous_Maintenance_of_leaf_N_controls_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02058.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02058.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02058.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02058.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Evolutionary+Biology&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Evolutionary+Biology&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Evolutionary+Biology&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Evolutionary+Biology&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 109, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-31T03:15:56.664730Z"}