{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-10", "title": "Can flooding-induced greenhouse gas emissions be mitigated by trait-based plant species choice?", "description": "Intensively managed grasslands are large sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and important regulators of methane (CH4) consumption and production. The predicted increase in flooding frequency and severity due to climate change could increase N2O emissions and shift grasslands from a net CH4 sink to a source. Therefore, effective management strategies are critical for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from flood-prone grasslands. We tested how repeated flooding affected the N2O and CH4 emissions from 11 different plant communities (Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, and Trifolium repens in monoculture, 2- and 4-species mixtures), using intact soil cores from an 18-month old grassland field experiment in a 4-month greenhouse experiment. To elucidate potential underlying mechanisms, we related plant functional traits to cumulative N2O and CH4 emissions. We hypothesized that traits related with fast nitrogen uptake and growth would lower N2O and CH4 emissions in ambient (non-flooded) conditions, and that traits related to tissue toughness would lower N2O and CH4 emissions in flooded conditions. We found that flooding increased cumulative N2O emissions by 97 fold and cumulative CH4 emissions by 1.6 fold on average. Plant community composition mediated the flood-induced increase in N2O emissions. In flooded conditions, increasing abundance of the grass F. arundinacea was related with lower N2O emissions; whereas increases in abundance of the legume T. repens resulted in higher N2O emissions. In non-flooded conditions, N2O emissions were not clearly mediated by plant traits related with nitrogen uptake or biomass production. In flooded conditions, plant communities with high root carbon to nitrogen ratio were related with lower cumulative N2O emissions, and a lower global warming potential (CO2 equivalent of N2O and CH4). We conclude that plant functional traits related to slower decomposition and nitrogen mineralization could play a significant role in mitigating N2O emissions in flooded grasslands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Methane emissions", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "national", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Floods", "12. Responsible consumption", "Nitrous oxide emissions", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "Flooding", "Intensively managed grassland", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Plant functional traits", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Extreme weather event", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.13667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-16", "title": "Plant community flood resilience in intensively managed grasslands and the role of the plant economic spectrum", "description": "Abstract

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, requires management strategies that promote resilience of grassland productivity. Mixtures of plant species may better resist and recover from flooding than monocultures, as they could combine species with stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90coping and resource acquisition traits. This has not yet been tested in intensively managed grasslands despite its relevance for enhancing agroecosystem resilience.

Using intact soil cores from an 18\uffe2\uff80\uff90month\uffe2\uff80\uff90old field experiment, we tested how 11 plant communities (Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis and Trifolium repens in monoculture, two\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and four\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixtures) resist and recover from repeated flooding in a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90month greenhouse experiment.

We found that plant community composition, not whether the community was a mixture or monoculture, influenced the community's resistance to flooding, although most communities were able to resist and recover from both floods.

The plant community's position on the leaf economic spectrum in flooded conditions was related to its resistance to and recovery from flooding. Resistance to and recovery from a severe flood were related to flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced intraspecific trait variation, causing a shift in the community's position on the leaf resource economic spectrum. In flooded conditions, resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90conservative communities (characterized by low specific leaf area, low leaf nitrogen content and high leaf dry matter content) better resisted and recovered from flooding. The community's position on the root resource economic spectrum was less connected to the community's resistance and recovery.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that in flooded conditions, resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90conservative plant communities are more resilient to flooding than resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisitive communities in an intensively managed grassland. This suggests that plant community position on the leaf economic spectrum, as well as species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced intraspecific variation, should be considered when designing grasslands to withstand increasing flood frequency and severity.

Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90reserves in the wood.

We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (\uffce\uff9414C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars.

During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while \uffce\uff9414C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5\uffc2\uffa0yr from samples collected 27\uffc2\uffa0d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and \uffce\uff9414C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool.

These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change.

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, requires management strategies that promote resilience of grassland productivity. Mixtures of plant species may better resist and recover from flooding than monocultures, as they could combine species with stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90coping and resource acquisition traits. This has not yet been tested in intensively managed grasslands despite its relevance for enhancing agroecosystem resilience.

Using intact soil cores from an 18\uffe2\uff80\uff90month\uffe2\uff80\uff90old field experiment, we tested how 11 plant communities (Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis and Trifolium repens in monoculture, two\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and four\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixtures) resist and recover from repeated flooding in a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90month greenhouse experiment.

We found that plant community composition, not whether the community was a mixture or monoculture, influenced the community's resistance to flooding, although most communities were able to resist and recover from both floods.

The plant community's position on the leaf economic spectrum in flooded conditions was related to its resistance to and recovery from flooding. Resistance to and recovery from a severe flood were related to flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced intraspecific trait variation, causing a shift in the community's position on the leaf resource economic spectrum. In flooded conditions, resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90conservative communities (characterized by low specific leaf area, low leaf nitrogen content and high leaf dry matter content) better resisted and recovered from flooding. The community's position on the root resource economic spectrum was less connected to the community's resistance and recovery.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that in flooded conditions, resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90conservative plant communities are more resilient to flooding than resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisitive communities in an intensively managed grassland. This suggests that plant community position on the leaf economic spectrum, as well as species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced intraspecific variation, should be considered when designing grasslands to withstand increasing flood frequency and severity.

Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90reserves in the wood.

We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (\uffce\uff9414C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars.

During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while \uffce\uff9414C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5\uffc2\uffa0yr from samples collected 27\uffc2\uffa0d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and \uffce\uff9414C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool.

These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change.

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, requires management strategies that promote resilience of grassland productivity. Mixtures of plant species may better resist and recover from flooding than monocultures, as they could combine species with stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90coping and resource acquisition traits. This has not yet been tested in intensively managed grasslands despite its relevance for enhancing agroecosystem resilience.

Using intact soil cores from an 18\uffe2\uff80\uff90month\uffe2\uff80\uff90old field experiment, we tested how 11 plant communities (Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis and Trifolium repens in monoculture, two\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and four\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixtures) resist and recover from repeated flooding in a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90month greenhouse experiment.

We found that plant community composition, not whether the community was a mixture or monoculture, influenced the community's resistance to flooding, although most communities were able to resist and recover from both floods.

The plant community's position on the leaf economic spectrum in flooded conditions was related to its resistance to and recovery from flooding. Resistance to and recovery from a severe flood were related to flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced intraspecific trait variation, causing a shift in the community's position on the leaf resource economic spectrum. In flooded conditions, resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90conservative communities (characterized by low specific leaf area, low leaf nitrogen content and high leaf dry matter content) better resisted and recovered from flooding. The community's position on the root resource economic spectrum was less connected to the community's resistance and recovery.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that in flooded conditions, resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90conservative plant communities are more resilient to flooding than resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisitive communities in an intensively managed grassland. This suggests that plant community position on the leaf economic spectrum, as well as species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 flood\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced intraspecific variation, should be considered when designing grasslands to withstand increasing flood frequency and severity.