{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-23", "title": "Biochar But Not Earthworms Enhances Rice Growth Through Increased Protein Turnover", "description": "The aim of this work was to compare the effects of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and to investigate the possible interactions between both. In addition to classic macroscopic variables we also monitored some leaf-level cellular processes involved in protein turnover. Both biochar and earthworms significantly increased shoot biomass production. However, biochar had a higher effect on the number of leaves (\u00fe87%) and earthworms on leaf area (\u00fe89%). Biochar also significantly increased the leaf turnover. At the cellular level, biochar but not earthworms enhanced protein catabolism by an increase in leaf proteolytic activities. This could be related to the increased expression of three of the six genes tested related to protein catabolism, one serine protease gene OsSP2 (\u00fe24%), one aspartic acid protease gene, Oryzasin (\u00fe162%) and one cysteine protease gene OsCatB (\u00fe257%). Furthermore, biochar also enhanced the expression level of two genes linked to protein anabolism, coding for the small and large subunits of rubisco (\u00fe33% and \u00fe30%, for rbcS and rbcL, respectively), the most abundant protein in leaves. In conclusion, our data gives evidence that biochar increased rice biomass production through increased leaf protein turnover (both catabolism and anabolism) whereas earthworms also increased rice biomass production but not through changes in the rate of protein turnover. We hypothesize that earthworms increase nitrogen uptake at a low cost for the plant through a simultaneous increase in mineralization rate and root biomass, probably through the release in the soil of plant growth factors. This could allow plants to accumulate more biomass without an increase in nitrogen metabolism at the leaf level, and without having to support the consecutive energy cost that must bear plants in the biochar treatment. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "earthworms", "FAUNE DU SOL", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "AZOTE", "PROTEINE", "CROISSANCE", "ETUDE COMPARATIVE", "lombriz de tierra", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOMASSE", "BIOCHAR", "biomass", "carbon", "microbiology", "MACROFAUNE", "CHARBON DE BOIS", "carbono", "RIZICULTURE", "biomasa", "oryza sativa", "METABOLISME", "FERTILISATION DU SOL", "carb\u00f3n vegetal", "LOMBRIC", "FEUILLE", "charcoal"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kam-Rigne Laossi, Juan Andr\u00e9s Cardoso, Patrick Lavelle, Patrick Lavelle, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, M.H. Cruz de Carvalho, S\u00e9bastien Barot,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s003740050505", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Effects Of Trefoil Cover Crop And Earthworm Inoculation On Maize Crop And Soil Organisms In Reunion Island", "description": "Traditional tree fallows have been abandoned on the western coast of the Reunion Island because of the increasing need for cultivated land. Soil fertility is no longer restored and crop yields have decreased drastically. The leguminous plant, Lotus uliginosus (trefoil), used as a cover crop, has made possible the control of erosion, the restoration of soil macrofauna, especially earthworms, and the increase in crop yields. When trefoil was associated with earthworms (Amynthas corticis), the densities of maize, the yields of maize stalk and dry matter, the yield of trefoil fodder dry matter, and the biomass and respiratory activity of soil microflora were considerably increased. The combined effects of their association led to a significant decrease in populations of the plant-parasitic nematode, Pratylenchus vulnus, in maize roots, and in the population of borers. Some soil chemical features were modified.", "keywords": ["RENDEMENT", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physicochimique du sol", "COUVERT VEGETAL", "organisme du sol", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29111", "FAUNE DU SOL", "taux de croissance", "Zea mays", "630", "plante de couverture", "ravageur des plantes", "Pratylenchus vulnus", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33552", "Oligochaeta", "2. Zero hunger", "FERTILITE DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1936", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24794", "MICROBIOLOGIE DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7182", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16196", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16130", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NEMATODE", "15. Life on land", "H10 - Ravageurs des plantes", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6543", "Lotus uliginosus", "MAIS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504", "DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4446", "LOMBRIC"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Boyer, J., Michellon, R., Chabanne, A., /Reversat, Georges, Tibere, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050505"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050505", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050505", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050505"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-17", "title": "Contrasted Effect Of Biochar And Earthworms On Rice Growth And Resource Allocation In Different Soils", "description": "Abstract   Adding biochar to soils and maintaining high earthworm biomasses are potential ways to increase the fertility of tropical soils and the sustainability of crop production in the spirit of agroecology and ecological engineering. However, a thorough functional assessment of biochar effect on plant growth and resource allocations is so far missing. Moreover, earthworms and biochar increase mineral nutrient availability through an increase in mineralization and nutrient retention respectively and are likely to interact through various other mechanisms. They could thus increase plant growth synergistically. This hypothesis was tested for rice in a greenhouse experiment. Besides, the relative effects of biochar and earthworms were compared in three different soil treatments (a nutrient rich soil, a nutrient poor soil, a nutrient poor soil supplemented with fertilization). Biochar and earthworm effects on rice growth and resource allocation highly depended on soil type and were generally additive (no synergy). In the rich soil, there were both clear positive biochar and earthworm effects, while there were generally only positive earthworm effects in the poor soil, and neither earthworm nor biochar effect in the poor soil with fertilization. The analysis of earthworm and biochar effects on different plant traits and soil mineral nitrogen content, confirmed that they act through an increase in nutrient availability. However it also suggested that another mechanism, such as the release in the soil of molecules recognized as phytohormones by plants, is also involved in earthworm action. This mechanism could for example help explaining how earthworms increase rice resource allocation to roots and influence the allocation to grains.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "earthworms", "FAUNE DU SOL", "fertilidad del suelo", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "AZOTE", "AMENDEMENT DU SOL", "CROISSANCE", "arroz", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOMASSE", "FERTILITE DU SOL", "rice", "soil fertility", "AMMONIUM", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RIZICULTURE", "6. Clean water", "oryza sativa", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ENGRAIS ORGANIQUE", "FERTILISATION DU SOL", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fauna del suelo", "RAPPORT CN", "soil fauna", "RAPPORT C/N", "LOMBRIC", "NITRATE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Patrick Lavelle, Patrick Lavelle, Kam-Rigne Laossi, S\u00e9bastien Barot, Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, Valerio Hoyos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://millsonia.free.fr/publications/noguera2010SBB.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Long-Term Organic Farming Fosters Below And Aboveground Biota: Implications For Soil Quality, Biological Control And Productivity", "description": "Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between \u201cherbicide-free\u201d bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "generalist predators", "respiration microbienne", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "faune du sol", "natural enemies", "alternative prey", "630", "nitrogen", "food-web", "Soil", "agriculture biologique", "cycle biologique", "herbicide", "min\u00e9ralisation de l'azote", "fertilisation organique", "fertilisation min\u00e9rale", "soil quality", "2. Zero hunger", "agriculture biodynamique", "agriculture conventionnelle", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sustainability", "long terme", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "mycorrhizal fungi", "ennemi naturel", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "DOK trial;ecosystem functioning;farming system;fertilization;generalist predators;microbial community;nutrient cycling;natural enemies;soil fauna;soil quality;sustainability", "microbial community", "soil fauna", "agricultural systems", "management", "570", "agroecosystems", "Soil quality", "suisse", "productivit\u00e9", "Soil biology", "culture c\u00e9r\u00e9aliere", "triticum aestivum", "biomasse microbienne", "biomass", "DOK trial", "15. Life on land", "qualit\u00e9 biologique du sol", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming system", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FAUNE+DU+SOL&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FAUNE+DU+SOL&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FAUNE+DU+SOL&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FAUNE+DU+SOL&offset=4", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4, "numberReturned": 4, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T07:43:47.784958Z"}