{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:21Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset for manuscript entitled: Switchgrass cropping systems affect soil carbon and nitrogen and microbial diversity and activity on marginal lands", "description": "unspecifiedSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum\u00a0L.),\u00a0as a dedicated  bioenergy crop, can provide cellulosic feedstock for biofuel production  while improving or maintaining soil quality. However, comprehensive  evaluations of how switchgrass cultivation and nitrogen (N) management  impact soil and plant parameters remain incomplete. We  conducted\u00a0field trials in three years (2016\u20132018) at six  locations in the North Central Great Lakes Region to evaluate the effects  of cropping systems (switchgrass, restored prairie,\u00a0undisturbed  control) and N rates (0, 56 kg N ha-1\u00a0yr-1) on biomass yield and  soil physicochemical, microbial, and enzymatic  parameters.\u00a0Switchgrass cropping system yielded  an\u00a0aboveground biomass 2.9\u20133.3 times higher than\u00a0the  other two systems (Jayawardena et al., In submission) but our study found  that this biomass accumulation didn\u2019t reduce soil dissolved organic C  (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), or bacterial diversity. The annual  aboveground biomass removal for bioenergy feedstock, however,  reduced\u00a0soil\u00a0microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and  bacterial richness in the 2nd\u00a0and 3rd\u00a0years; despite  this, continuous monocropping of switchgrass improved soil TDN, inorganic  N, bacterial diversity, and shoot biomass in the 2nd\u00a0and/or  3rd\u00a0years when compared to the 1st\u00a0year. N fertilization  increased aboveground biomass yield by 1.2 times and significantly  increased soil TDN, MBN, and the shoot biomass of switchgrass when  compared to the unfertilized control. Locations with higher C and N  contents and lower C:N ratio had higher aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN, and  the activity of BG, CBH, and UREA enzymes; by contrast, locations with  higher pH had higher soil TDN and activity of NAG and LAP  enzymes.\u00a0Our research demonstrates that switchgrass cultivation  could improve or maintain soil N content and N fertilization can increase  plant biomass yield. The comprehensive data also can inform future  biogeochemical models to successfully implement switchgrass for bioenergy  production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "soil fertility", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Bioenergy", "Microbial richness and diversity", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "N fertilization", "6. Clean water", "enzyme activity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Xiufen, Petipas, Renee, Antoch, Amanda, Liu, Yuan, Stel, Holly, Bell-Dereske, Lukas, Smercina, Darian, Bekkering, Cody, Evans, Sarah, Tiemann, Lisa, Friesen, Maren,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.547d7wmbf"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation", "description": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical  processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to  global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried  across diverse spatio-temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms  accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear, especially in  upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across twelve croplands  in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics,  microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions. We assessed the composition,  biodegradability and key biodegradable components of DOM. In addition, SOM  and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) composition, soil enzyme  activities, oxygen availability, soil texture, iron (Fe), Fe-bound organic  matter and nutrient concentrations were quantified to clarify the drivers  of DOM quality (composition and biodegradability). The proportion of  biodegradable DOM increased exponentially with decreasing initial DOM  concentration due to larger fractions of depolymerized DOM that was rich  in small-molecular phenols and proteinaceous components. Unexpectedly, the  composition of DOM was decoupled from that of SOM or MAOM, but  significantly related to enzymatic properties. These results indicate that  microbial metabolism exhibited a dominant role in DOM generation. As DOM  concentration declined, increased soil oxygen availability regulated DOM  composition and enhanced its biodegradability mainly through mediating  microbial metabolism and Fe oxidation. The oxygen-induced oxidation of  Fe(II) to Fe(III) removed complex DOM compounds with large molecular  weight. Moreover, increased oxygen availability stimulated  oxidase-catalyzed depolymerization of aromatic substances, and promoted  production of protein-like DOM components due to lower enzymatic C/N  acquisition ratio. As global changes in temperature and moisture will have  large impacts on soil oxygen availability, the role of oxygen in  regulating DOM dynamics highlights the importance of integrating soil  oxygen supply with microbial metabolism and Fe redox status to improve  model predictions of soil carbon under climate change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "iron cycling", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Biodegradation", "oxygen availability", "enzymatic stoichiometry", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic matter", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Ye, Chen, Zengming, Chen, Ji, Castellano, Michael J., Ye, Chenglong, Zhang, Nan, Miao, Yuncai, Zheng, Huijie, Li, Junjie, Ding, Weixin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61cf"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.95x69p8hr", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Evaluation of a microplate spectrophotometer for soil organic carbon determination in south central Idaho", "description": "Determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) is highly desirable for  assessing fertility and carbon sequestration; however, numerous methods of  determination warrant study of method agreement. Recently, a novel method  was developed following dichromate oxidation using a microplate  spectrophotometer. This novel method was compared with (i) total C by dry  combustion - soil inorganic carbon (DCw/o pretreatment - Pcal); (ii)  traditional Walkley-Black titration (WBTIT) and (iii) loss on ignition  (LOI360\u00b0C) in calcareous soils of south central Idaho (n=75) in  conjunction with North American Proficiency Testing program soils (n=10).  A two-way ANOVA was fit with soils as a blocking factor to identify any  difference between methods, means were separated using Tukey\u2019s HSD  (\u03b1=0.05). Additional comparisons were made for all soils (n=85) and for  soils in the lower 75th percentile of SOC determined by WBTIT (n=56) using  regression analysis. Only the WBTIT and LOI360\u00b0C methods were  statistically equivalent nevertheless there was high agreement (Lin\u2019s  concordance coefficients &gt;0.90) between all methods (n=85). Under  low SOC soils (n=56) the agreement between all methods decreased, but the  WBSPEC method fit other methods comparatively well r2= 0.71, 0.74, and  0.78 for LOI360\u00b0C, DCw/o pretreatment - Pcal, and WBTIT respectively. The  WBSPEC method provided estimates of SOC between the methods currently used  in the region while reducing hazardous waste generation over traditional  WBTIT and sample handling over LOI360\u00b0C and DCw/o pretreatment - Pcal  methods, positioning it as a sensible option for SOC determination in low  SOC calcareous soils of south central Idaho.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bierer, Andrew, Leytem, April, Rogers, Christopher, Dungan, Robert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.95x69p8hr"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.95x69p8hr", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.95x69p8hr", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.95x69p8hr"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kddh", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Manure applications combined with chemical fertilizer improves crop yield and soil functionality", "description": "The current farming system is highly reliant on synthetic fertilizers,  which adversely affect soil quality, the environment, and crop production.  Improving crop productivity on a sustainable basis is a challenging issue  in the current agricultural system. To address this issue, we assumed that  the combined use of manure and chemical fertilizers (CF) could improve  rice grain yield and soil properties without the expense of the  environment. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to  explore optimal fertilizer management strategies using a combination of CF  and organic fertilizer in the form of cattle manure (CM) or poultry manure  (PM). Manure was added at two levels and soil microbial biomass  production, enzyme activities, nutrient content, as well as grain yield of  rice were measured. The study consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer  control (Neg-Con); 100% chemical fertilizer (Pos-Con); 60% CM + 40% CF  (High-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (Low-CM); 60% PM + 40% CF (High-PM), and 30% PM  + 70% CF (Low-PM). Results showed that the addition of manure  significantly increased soil enzymatic activities such as soil invertase,  acid phosphatase, urease, catalase, \ua7b5-glucosidase, and cellulase as  compared to sole chemical fertilizer application. Similarly, the combined  fertilizers application led to significant increases in soil microbial  biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil pH, soil  organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN),  available phosphorous (AP) and rice yield. Average increases in soil MBC,  MBN, SOC AN, and AP in the 0\u201320 cm soil depth were 62.2%, 54.5%, 29.2%,  17.4%, and 19.8%, respectively, across the years in the High-CM treatment  compared with the Pos-Con. In addition, the linear regression analysis  showed that soil enzymatic activities were highly positively correlated  with soil MBC and MBN. The PCA and linear regression analyses showed that  the increased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass production  played a key role in the higher grain yield of rice. Overall, the results  of this study demonstrate that the combined use of synthetic fertilizer  and organic fertilizer in paddy fields could be beneficial for the farmers  in southern China by improving soil functionality and yield of rice on a  sustainable basis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Iqbal, Anas", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kddh"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kddh", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kddh", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kddh"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt89", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: Soil organic carbon contents of collected soil samples from China's black soil region", "description": "The long-term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural  ecosystems led to soil degradation. This study investigated the effect of  the long-term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural  ecosystems on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and density over the past  35 years. Altogether, 2140 topsoil samples (0\u201320 cm) were collected across  Northeast China. Landsat images were acquired from 1985 to 2020 through  Google Earth Engine, and the reflectance of each soil sample was extracted  from the Landsat image that its time was consistent with sampling. The  hybrid model that included two individual SOC prediction models for two  clustering regions was built for accurate estimation after k-means  clustering. The probability hybrid model, a combination between the hybrid  model and classification probabilities of pixels, was introduced to  enhance the accuracy of SOC mapping. Cropland reclamation results were  extracted from the land cover time series dataset at a 5-year interval.  Our study indicated that: (1) Long-term use of cropland led to a 3.07 g  kg-1 and 6.71 Mg C ha-1 decrease in SOC content and density, respectively,  and the decrease of SOC stock was 0.32 Pg over the past 35 years; (2)  Nearly 64% of cropland had a negative change in terms of SOC content from  1985 to 2020; (3) Cropland reclamation track changed from high to low SOC  content, and almost no cropland was reclaimed on the \u2018Black soils\u2019 after  2005; (4) Cropland reclamation from wetlands resulted in the highest  decrease, and reclamation period of years 31\u201335 decreased when SOC density  and SOC stock were 16.05 Mg C ha-1 and 0.005 Pg, respectively, while  reclamation period of years 26\u201330 from forest witnessed SOC density and  stock decreases of 8.33 Mg C ha-1 and 0.01 Pg, respectively. Our research  results provide a reference for SOC change in the black soil region of  Northeast China and can attract more attention to the area of the  protection of \u2018Black soils\u2019 and natural ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Black soil region", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote sensing", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Xiang, Li, Sijia, Wang, Liping, Zheng, Miao, Wang, Zongming, Song, Kaishan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt89"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt89", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt89", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt89"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.0zpc86711", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:19Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Agroforestry carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emission rates in central Alberta, Canada", "description": "Open Access<strong>The  current dataset replaces a previous version and has been modified for  clarity and carefully reviewed for  accuracy.</strong>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "deadwood", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Sustainable agriculture", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption", "climate change mitigation", "sustainable agriculture", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem carbon sequestration", "11. Sustainability", "agroforestry systems", "Greenhouse gas emissions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0zpc86711"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.0zpc86711", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.0zpc86711", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.0zpc86711"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bk0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter", "description": "unspecifiedField descriptions and  sampling.\u00a0  Soil samples were collected  from 218 farm fields across Wisconsin (n=212) and Minnesota (n=6) (Fig. 1)  between 2015 and 2017. The fields represent a range of cropping systems  common in the Upper Midwest. Six distinct regions were sampled and  identified by either general region of a state (northeast Wisconsin,  southeast Wisconsin, and southern Minnesota) or by watershed (Dry Run, Elk  Creek, Jersey Valley) (Fig. 1). Elk Creek and Jersey Valley exist within  the Driftless Region, an area characterized by steep slopes and flash  flood events. All fields were planted into corn the season soil samples  were collected. In each field, three composite soil samples were collected  that consisted of five 0- to 15-cm soil cores collected with a probe of  2.5- or 7.5-cm internal diameter. Most soil samples (194) were collected  prior to fertilizer application and corn planting (mid-April); 24 samples  were in late June (2017 only). Soil sampling was conducted with an area of  36 m<sup>2</sup> within the dominant soil map unit as  identified by the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (Soil Survey Staff, 2019) and  from an area identified by the farmer where average crop yields were  obtained. The composite samples were stored cold and transferred into a  freezer with 1 to 6 hours of sampling to stagnate microbial metabolism and  organic matter mineralization. Within 30 days, soil samples were thawed  and dried for 1 week at 32\u02daC in a forced-air drier, ground to pass through  a 2-mm sieve, and stored at room temperature until  analysis. Inherent soil properties such as texture class,  sand and clay content of the surface horizon, and drainage class were  obtained from the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (Soil Survey Staff, 2019).  Agronomic management information regarding crop rotation, tillage  practices, cover crop use, tile drainage, and manure and fertilizer  applications were obtained directly from each farmer through an in-person  interview. Long-term crop management practices were difficult to obtain  for all farms; for example, it was difficult to get accurate information  on how long a field had received manure. The dataset constructed uses  recent cropping history (past 5 years) as a representation of specific  management practices (that often have occurred much longer than just the  past 5 years). Based on the collected data, four categories for crop  rotation (continuous corn, corn-soybean, corn with small grain, and corn  with alfalfa) and five categories for previous crop were created  (Supplementary Table 2). Two categorical data were developed for cover  crops: if there was a cover crop planted last fall (yes or no) and the  number of times a cover crop was planted in the past 5 years. Tillage  practices were categorized by practice [no tillage, minimum tillage  (including vertical tillage or strip tillage), and conventional tillage  (chisel, disk or moldboard)] and by the number of tillage passes that  occurred between harvest of the previous year\u2019s crop and the planting of  the current year\u2019s crop (0 to 4). Tillage was only considered no-till or  minimum tillage if practiced for more than 4 years. Manure was categorized  based on the number of manure applications that occurred in the past 5  years (0 to 5), when manure was applied in the past year (none, summer,  fall, winter, or spring), and manure type (species and if solid or  liquid). Tile drainage presence was also noted (yes or no). The manure N,  fertilizer N, and total N input (which includes manure, fertilizer, and  legume N inputs) (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) to the previous corn  crop were also collected. If farmers did not have manure analysis,  estimates of available N were used (Laboski &amp; Peters, 2012); N  input from alfalfa biomass was assumed to be 101 kg  ha<sup>-1</sup> (Laboski &amp; Peters,  2012).\u00a0 Soil analysis.\u00a0 Soil  pH and SOM were analyzed by the University of Wisconsin Soil and Forage  Analysis Laboratory (Marshfield, Wisconsin). Soil pH was calculated using  a 1:1 slurry of 10 g soil and 10 mL of deionized water and measured with a  glass electrode (Peters et al., 2015). Soil organic matter values were  determined through loss on ignition by heating the soil to 360\u02daC for 2  hours (Combs et al., 2015). Total C (TC) and total N (TN) levels were  determined via the dry combustion method using a Flash EA 1112CN Automatic  Elemental Analyzer (Thermo Finnigan, Milan, Italy). Between 8 to 10 mg of  finely ground soil were packed into a 5 mm by 9 mm tin capsule prior to  combustion at temperatures exceeding 1000\u00b0C. Soils with pH greater than  7.0 were tested for effervescence using 5% HCl as an indicator if  carbonates were present. If carbonates were not observed, TC was assumed  to be TOC; if carbonates were observed, they were subject to  acid-fumigation prior to dry combustion (Harris et al., 2001). Only 25  samples were analyzed for carbonates and 13 of those had carbonate  concentrations above the detection limit. There were 218 samples for SOM,  but only 2016 for TOC and TN because two samples were accidently  discarded.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Alfalfa", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land", "Total nitrogen", "Zea mays", "soil", "Tillage", "Maize", "soil organic carbon", "loss on ignition", "corn", "crop rotation", "Wisconsin", "soil organic matter", "manure", "Soil texture", "drainage", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ruark, Matt, Richardson, Greg, Radatz, Timothy, Radatz, Amber, Cooley, Eric, Augarten, Abigail,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bk0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bk0", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bk0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bk0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mv", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-05-16", "title": "Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands but lost in field crop systems over 30 years in a temperate Mollisol according to longitudinal, compaction-corrected, full-soil profile analysis", "description": "unspecifiedTo mitigate climate change, some seek to store carbon from the atmosphere  in agricultural soils. However, our understanding about how agriculture  affects soil organic carbon is muddied by studies (1) lacking longitudinal  data, (2) ignoring bulk density changes, or (3) sampling only surface  soils. To better understand soil organic carbon trends, here we measured  changes over 30 years in density-corrected, full-soil-depth (90 cm) soil  organic carbon stocks under 6 cropping systems and a restored prairie in a  Mollisol of southern Wisconsin, USA. Cash-grain systems and alfalfa-based  systems lost soil organic carbon. Prairie and rotationally-grazed pasture  maintained soil organic carbon. Average soil organic carbon losses for  cash-grain and alfalfa-based systems were \u22120.82 (\u00b10.12) and \u22120.64 (\u00b10.17)  Mg C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that incomplete  methodologies overestimated soil organic carbon improvements. Our findings  using more comprehensive methods demonstrate the inadequacy of row-crop  systems and the need for well-managed grasslands to protect soil organic  carbon in productive agricultural soils of the Upper Midwest USA.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Sustainable agriculture", "Soil carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dietz, Clarissa, Jackson, Randall, Ruark, Matthew, Sanford, Gregg,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mv"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mv", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mv", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mv"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp3v", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-05-23", "title": "Climate change mitigation potential of widespread cover crop adoption in U.S.", "description": "unspecifiedWe compared a high (80%) cover crop (CC) adoption scenario with  the most current CC adoption rates in each region (NASS, 2017) and  projected the 20-year soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change and  N<sub>2</sub>O flux for each scenario. The DayCent  biogeochemical model was used to simulate the effect of CC on 132,319  survey locations included in the National Resources Inventory (NRI), a  program that monitors land use in the United States and cumulatively  represent 94.1 Mha of cropland in the country. Either crimson clover  (<em>Trifolium incarnatum</em> L.), cereal rye  (<em>Secale cereale</em> L.), or radish (<em>Raphanus  sativus</em>) CC were simulated depending on regional CC species  preferences and compatibility with the crop rotation and management  specific to each NRI location. A Monte Carlo approach adapted from Ogle et  al. (2010, 2023) was used to quantify uncertainty associated with  management input data and error in model parameters. We  aggregated average annual SOC stock change and N<sub>2</sub>O  flux for the baseline and high adoption scenarios at the county-level for  each Monte Carlo iteration. We present the uncertainty as the standard  deviation from 1000 iterations. We also present total cropland area and  cropland with newly adopted cover crops at the start of the study for each  county. Data are presented in a shapefile format with associated maps for  visualization.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "nitrous oxide", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "biogeochemical modeling", "cover crops", "monte carlo analysis", "climate change mitigation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Eash, Lisa", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp3v"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp3v", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp3v", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp3v"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d23", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-01-08", "title": "An isotope study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus use efficiency and movement in soil in a mimicked vermicompost-based organo-mineral fertilizer", "description": "unspecifiedPot Experiment Setup To assess N and P  uptake by Italian ryegrass, a pot experiment was carried out for 8 weeks.  Vermicompost (VC), a <sup>15</sup>N-labeled N solution  (N<sub>sol</sub>) and a <sup>33</sup>P-labeled P  solution (P<sub>sol</sub>) were used to fertilize the soil and  create the different treatments. A commercial vermicompost of bovine  manure produced in Northwestern Italy was used in this study (Fig. S1).  The commercial vermicompost was air-dried and milled to &lt;2 mm. The  vermicompost was characterized using the official methods of the  Regione-Piemonte (1998). The residual humidity content of the dry  vermicompost was 432 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, the pH in a water  suspension (1:10) was 9.9, the C<sub>org</sub> value in dry  matter was 198 g kg<sup>-1</sup> DM , the total P was 9 g  kg<sup>-1</sup> DM , and the total N was 14.8 g  kg<sup>-1</sup> DM. Ammonium sulfate  ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and potassium phosphate (KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) were used to prepare separate aqueous solution of 80.3 \u00b5g N ml<sup>-1</sup> and 28.5 \u00b5g P ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The N<sub>sol</sub> was prepared by dissolving 9.57 mg of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 9.53 mg of 10 atom% <sup>15</sup>N((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> into 50 ml of Milli-Q water, resulting in a N solution with 5.5 atom% <sup>15</sup>N abundance. On the same day of sowing, the P<sub>sol</sub> was prepared by dissolving 625 mg of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> into 50 ml of Milli-Q water, and labeled by adding carrier-free <sup>33</sup>P orthophosphate (Hartmann Analytics) solution to reach a specific activity of 10.7 kBq mg<sup>-1</sup> P. Although creating a granular or pelletized OMF would have been ideal for testing potential physical interactions between vermicompost and the mineral fertilizers, this effect was not addressed in this research because of the difficulties in producing and OMF labelled with a radioisotope P tracer. Therefore, the vermicompost and the fertilizer solutions were used to mimicking an OMF granule by mixing them together in the soil. Treatments included two mixtures of vermicompost with mineral fertilizers at a ratio between C<sub>org</sub> \u2013 N \u2013 P<sub>2</sub>0<sub>5</sub> ratio of 7.5 \u2013 20 \u2013 10 (OMF<sub>7.5C</sub>) and 15 \u2013 20 \u2013 10 (OMF<sub>15C</sub>). Controls included unfertilized soil (N<sub>0</sub>P<sub>0</sub>), soil fertilized with only mineral N (MF<sub>N</sub>), only mineral P (MF<sub>P</sub>), mineral N and P (MF<sub>NP</sub>), and vermicompost at the same rates as OMF<sub>7.5C</sub> (OF<sub>7.5C</sub>) and OMF<sub>15C</sub> (OF<sub>15C</sub>). With the P<sub>min</sub> fertilization (Fig. S2), soils from the pot experiment received an activity of 314 Bq g<sup>-1</sup> soil. The soil for the experiment was collected from the experimental station of Tetto Frati of the University of Turin, in NW Italy (44\u00b0 53\u2032 N, 7\u00b0 41\u2032 E; elevation 245 m). Soil was collected from the first 0.2 m of the top layer of a plot managed with maize monoculture, regularly plowed and fertilized as the typical agronomic management of the area. The soil was sieved to 5 mm and air-dried for approximately four months prior to the start of the experiment. The soil chemical characteristics measured before the beginning of the experiment indicated a low content in both plant-available N and P. Before starting the pot experiment, the bulk soil was fertilized with nutrient solutions adding 300 mg K, 60 mg Ca, 50 mg Mg, 1 mg Zn, 0.1 mg Mo, 1 mg Fe, 1 mg B, 2 mg Mn, 2 mg Cu and 0.1 mg Co per kg<sup>-1</sup> soil to avoid any possible complementary nutrient deficiency. After fertilization, the soil was humidified to 45 % of its water holding capacity (corresponding to 109 g per kg of dry soil) and pre-incubated during 10 days at 22 \u00b0C to boost soil microbial activity. After pre-incubation, the pots were filled with the equivalent of 1 kg of air-dried soil and fertilized according to treatments. For the fertilization, two holes of 2 cm of depth and 0.5 cm of diameter were made in each pot, and on day 0, each of them was fertilized. Immediately after fertilization, 0.75 g seeds of Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum </em>var. Gemini) were distributed uniformly over the soil and then covered with 100 g of pure sand. The pots were kept in a greenhouse at 24 and 20 \u00b0C, with 12 hours light, and 65% air humidity. Soils were irrigated daily based on weight loss. To satisfy the crop requirements, irrigation was increased to keep 60 % of field capacity during the first 2 weeks, and then up to 70 % of field capacity until the final harvest. The first harvest was made 4 weeks (Fig. S3) after sowing and a second harvest was made after 4 further weeks. The harvest consisted in cutting the whole biomass at approximately 1 cm above the soil surface. Each treatment had 4 replicates. Pots were completely randomized three times per week. Incubation Experiment Setup An incubation experiment was performed to assess the influence of the vermicompost on the nutrient availability and flow from the mineral fertilizers in the soil. Soil fertilizers used were the same as in the pot experiment, but no plants were sown. The treatments for the incubation were MF<sub>NP</sub>, OMF<sub>7.5C</sub> and OMF<sub>15C</sub>. The incubation set-up and soil sampling was adapted from Sica et al. (2023), and consisted in using plastic cylinders of 18 mm of height and 60 mm of diameter. Each experimental unit had two cylinders placed one above the another and was filled with 148.6 g of soil in total. The two cylinders were separated by a nylon net with 45 \u00b5m mesh size that allowed soil solution flow. The top cylinder was fertilized replicating vermicompost, N<sub>sol</sub>, and P<sub>sol</sub> quantities and procedures as for one hole of the pot experiment. On the day of the P<sub>min</sub> fertilization, the P<sub>sol</sub> had a specific activity of 3.5 kBq mg<sup>-1</sup> P.\u00a0 With the P<sub>min</sub> fertilization, soils from the incubation experiment received an activity of 313.5 Bq g<sup>-1</sup> soil.\u00a0 The soil in cylinders was humidified to 70 % of field capacity. Experimental units were placed in a box covered with a plastic sheet that did not allow vapor and light flows and kept at the same temperature conditions as the pot experiment for 10 days. Each treatment had 6 experimental units and they were completely randomized. After the incubation, the soil from the top cylinder (topsoil) was collected entirely, while from the bottom cylinder additional soil was collected from the mesh to 6 mm depth (bottom soil). Soil from two randomly chosen experimental units was mixed to reach a higher amount of sample to be analyzed, thus leaving a total of 3 replicates per treatment. Measurements on Plants In the pot experiment, at each harvest, Italian ryegrass shoot biomass was cut and dried at 40 \u00b0C for 72 hours, and then weighted to calculate dry matter yield. Afterwards, all shoot biomass was milled in a rotational miller and stored until analysis. A chemical element analyzer (Vario Pyro cube, Elementar, Germany), coupled to a mass spectrometer (IsoPrime100 IRMS, Isoprime, United Kingdom) was used to analyze total C, total N and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N from shoot biomass. For determination of P concentrations in shoot tissues, 0.25 g of milled ryegrass shoot biomass were ashed at 450 \u00b0C during 100 min. Subsequently, ashes were dissolved in 3 ml of 15.6 M nitric acid and then the volume was brought up to 25 ml with Milli-Q water. Total P concentration in the extracts was analyzed by colorimetry with malachite green (Ohno &amp; Zibilske, 1991). The <sup>33</sup>P radioactivity in biomass was determined using a liquid scintillation counter (TRI CARB 2500 TR, Packard) by mixing 2 ml of extract or solution with 5 ml of a scintillation liquid (Ultima Gold AB, Packard). Values were corrected for quenching and for radioactive decay back to the day of pot fertilization. Measurements on Soil Soil samples of the incubation experiment were dried at 40\u00b0C for 3 days and then ball-milled and stored until analysis. Soil samples were analyzed for concentration of total N and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N ratio with the same method and instruments as for plant samples. The <sup>15</sup>N enrichment of total soil N was then related to the <sup>15</sup>N enrichment of the fertilizer and decreasing <sup>15</sup>N enrichment of soil N interpreted as less fertilizer N having moved in the respective soil zone/layer (Frick et al., 2022). For determining P contained in soil, soil ashes were obtained similarly to plant biomass ashes. Soil ashes were dissolved into 50 ml of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution (0.5 M). Then, 5 to 10 ml of the solution was filtered with 0.2 \u03bcm syringe filters and stored at 4\u00b0C for 1 day until analysis of radioactivity. Values of <sup>33</sup>P radioactivity in extracts were measured 32 days after fertilization following the same procedures as with biomass samples and corrected for radioactive decay by calculating back to day 0 of fertilization. The decrease of the specific activity of the soil P with distance from the fertilizer spot indicated decreasing presence of fertilizer P (as above explained for N). Statistical Analysis Both experiments had a completely randomized design. When testing for differences between treatments over the harvests, a repeated measures ANOVA was used. The incubation experiment was analyzed comparing treatments of each soil layer with a one-way ANOVA using treatment as factor. If significant differences between treatments were found a Tukey\u2019s HSD test was performed as a post hoc comparison. Some values were analyzed as the total production (sums or averages of both harvests, or both soil layers), in those cases data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA using treatment as factor. All analyses were performed using the software R, version 4.0.5. Package multcompView was used to display post hoc results.", "keywords": ["vermicompost", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "nutrient use efficiency", "double labeling", "organo-mineral fertilizer"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sitzmann, Tomas Javier, Sica, Pietro, Zavattaro, Laura, Moretti, Barbara, Grignani, Carlo, Oberson, Astrid,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d23"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d23", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d23", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d23"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqt5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Fencing farm dams to exclude livestock halves methane emissions and improves water quality", "description": "unspecifiedIn April 2021, we sampled farm dams across 400 km of the  Australian South West Slopes bioregion in south-eastern New South Wales.  The study region has a warm temperate climate, with hot dry summers and  cool humid winters (the largest city of Albury has an annual mean  temperature of 22\u00b0C and annual rainfall of 691 mm). Most of the area is  dedicated to livestock grazing (especially beef cattle and sheep) and  dryland cropping (mainly cereals and oilseed). We surveyed 64 farm dams  located in pastures on 17 farming properties. Within each property, we  established two experimental treatments: \u201cunfenced\u201d farm dams and \u201cfenced\u201d  farm dams. For each experimental treatment within a farming property, we  measured between 1 and 5 dams (depending on availability) on the same day.  Unfenced farm dams (N = 33) received no management intervention to improve  their ecological condition. Fenced farm dams (N = 31) were either entirely  fenced (with a pump delivering water into drinking troughs) or partly  fenced (providing water access through a hardened access point) for at  least 2 years prior to sampling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "sustainable farms", "13. Climate action", "inland water", "dugouts", "11. Sustainability", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "agricultural reservoirs", "14. Life underwater", "Impoundment", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Malerba, Martino", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqt5"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqt5", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqt5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqt5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5qt", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Positive associations of soil organic matter and crop yields across a regional network of working farms", "description": "unspecifiedThe amount of soil organic matter (SOM) is considered a key indicator of  soil properties associated with higher fertility. Despite the ubiquity of  assumptions surrounding SOM\u2019s contributions to soil functioning, we lack  quantitative relationships between SOM and yield outcomes on working  farms. We quantified the relationship between SOM and yields of corn (Zea  mays L.) and silage for a dataset of 170 fields arrayed across 49 farms in  a network of growers based in Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA. As SOM  concentrations increase, so do yields, though gains start to level off  around 4% SOM. When examining the relationship between yield and soil  health indicators representative of biologically active carbon pools, we  found that mineralizable carbon (min-C) has a stronger relationship with  yield than permanganate oxidizable C (POXC). Mineral fertilizer, manure,  and SOM had relationships of similar magnitude with yield, highlighting  that SOM in combination with exogenous inputs likely plays an important  role in driving agricultural productivity in this region. An SOM by crop  rotation interaction indicated that the impact of SOM on crop yields  varied depending on rotation (continuous corn versus corn in rotation).  That is, continuous corn had lower yields than corn in rotation despite  higher SOM concentrations. Our findings provide insight into the  relationship between indicators of soil health, farm management, and crop  yields for a set of working farms and lend support to the goals of soil  health initiatives that rest on building SOM in agricultural soils to  improve agricultural outcomes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil health", "POXC", "soil organic matter", "sustainable intensification", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "mineralizable carbon", "Sustainable agriculture", "soil quality", "15. Life on land", "crop productivity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Oldfield, Emily, Bradford, Mark, Augarten, Abigail, Cooley, Eric, Radatz, Amber, Radatz, Timothy, Ruark, Matthew,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5qt"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5qt", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5qt", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5qt"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Biogeochemical cycles in holm oak dehesas", "description": "unspecified# Biogeochemical cycles in holm oak dehesas  [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws) ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset contains data from 9 holm oak dehesas (n=162 trees) in which holm oak leaf biochemistry (photosynthetic performance index, chlorophylls, VAZ and total tocopherols), root functional parameters (fine root branching, fine root length and fine root diameter), soil functional genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycling) and soil chemistry (mineral nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and pH) are related. The dataset includes: **Aboveground leaf parameters:** * Photosynthetic performance index (PiAbs), as a proxy of the photosynthetic energy conservation. * Chlorophylls (Chl a + b, \u03bcmol m<sup>-2</sup>), as a proxy of light harvesting regulation and plant acclimation. * Violaxanthin cycle pigment pool (VAZ, violaxanthin + zeaxanthin + antheraxanthin, mmol mol Chl<sup>-1</sup>), as proxy photoprotective compounds through thermal dissipation. * Total tocopherols (mmol mol Chl<sup>-1</sup>), as a proxy of antioxidant compounds. * Defoliation (%), as a proxy of crown transparency. * Crown health. Is the linear combination of the variables mentioned above. **Belowground root parameters:** * Fine root branching. * Fine root leghth (cm). Mean length of the fine roots. * Fine root diameter (cm). Mean diameter of the fine roots. **Soil chemical analyses** * Total organic carbon content (org. C), total organic nitrogen content (org. N) and total organic phosphorus content (org. P). These analyses were expressed as mg of organic C, N or P per 100 mg of soil (%). * Mineral N (ammonium+nitrate+nitrite) was expresed as ppm, \u03bcg per g. * Phosphate was expresed as ppm, \u03bcg per g. * Potassium was expresed as ppm, \u03bcg per g. * pH **Soil microbial functional genes** * Carbon hydrolysis genes (i.e., genes involved in starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, chitin, pectin and lignin degradation). abfA, manB, Xyl, cex, pgu, glx, lig, mnp, apu, iso-plu, ammiA, sga, chiA * Carbon fixation genes. aclB,accA, mcrA, pccA, korA, smtA, frdA, rbcL, acsB, acsA, acsE. * Methane oxidation. pmoA, mmoX, mxaF, pqq-mdh * Nitrogen cycling (i.e., genes involved in N fixation, nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, assimilatory and dissimilatory N reduction and organic N mineralization. nifH, amoA1, amoA2, amoB, ureC, gdhA, hao, nxrA, nirS, nirK, nosZ, hzsB. * Phosphorus cycling genes (i.e., mineralization, solubilization, biosynthesis and hydrolysis of phosphorus). gcd, pqqC, phoD, phoX, phnK, ppx, ppk. * Sulfur cycling genes. soxY, yedZ, dsrA, dsrB, apsA. These genes were expresed as the abundance, gene copy number relative to 16S. The primer pairs and the encoded enzymes of the analyzed soil microbial functional genes may be found in the electronic supplementary material published in Table S2 of the manuscript.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Quercus ilex", "defoliation", "13. Climate action", "Dehesa", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "soil microbial communities", "14. Life underwater", "biogeochemical cycles", "15. Life on land", "soil functional genes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Encinas-Valero, Manuel, Esteban, Raquel, Here\u015f, Ana-Mar\u00eda, Vivas, Mar\u00eda, Solla, Alejandro, Moreno, Gerardo, Corcobado, Tamara, Odriozolacrobiology, I\u00f1aki, Garbisu, Carlos, Epelde, Lur, Curiel Yuste, Jorge,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwws"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Contribution of wheat and maize to soil organic carbon in a wheat-maize cropping system: a field and laboratory study", "description": "unspecifiedRetention of crop biomass is widely recommended to improve soil organic  carbon (SOC). However, the magnitude of contribution of aboveground  residues and belowground roots from C3 and C4 crops to SOC is unclear.  Data from a 10-year field experiment and a 60-day laboratory incubation  were synthesized to identify the respective contribution of C3 (e.g.,  wheat) and C4 (e.g., maize) residues and roots to SOC, as well as its  underlying mechanisms under no-till (NT) using 13C labelling trace in  wheat-maize rotations. The field experiment showed that residue retention  significantly increased SOC accumulation, and SOC derived from wheat was  126.0% higher than that from maize. Conversion to NT promoted SOC derived  from wheat and thus accumulated 17.6% higher SOC stock compared with plow  tillage (PT) under residue returning at 0-20 cm soil depth  (P&lt;0.05). The data from laboratory incubation revealed the  mechanisms that lower priming effects at 0-10 cm depth decreased total  mineralization by 91.8% after inputs of wheat residues and roots compared  with that of maize residues and roots, especially under NT compared with  PT. Priming effects were negatively correlated with enzyme activities  associated with the C recycle, SOC, and total nitrogen (TN) contents  (P&lt;0.01). NT increased enzyme activities, SOC, and TN contents and  thus reduced priming effects and improved residual C. Synthesis and  applications. These results suggested that wheat may contribute more to  SOC accumulation than maize, and carbon increment efficiency in farmland  could be enhanced by considering the crucial roles of C3 crops in SOC  accumulation. NT practice sustains the benefits of C3 crops to SOC  sequestration in the upper soil depths.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Argoecosystem", "C3 and C4 crops", "no-till", "Crop residues and roots", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Enzyme activities", "15. Life on land", "Priming effect", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Hai-Lin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sqg"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpn2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil carbon composition and persistence under various management practices on Mollisols", "description": "This dataset contains information of the manuscript entitled  'Persistent soil carbon enhanced in Mollisols by well-managed  grasslands but not annual grain or dairy forage cropping systems'.  Grasslands-derived Mollisols cover a large area globally and are usually  under intensive agricultural production, which has liberated large amounts  of carbon (C) into the atmosphere. Whether improved management practices  such as no-till, diversified crop rotations, legumes and/or manure  additions, or re-establishing perennial grasslands and integrating  livestock can restore soil C on Mollisols is unclear. In this study, we  utilized the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial (WICST), a  long-term trial comparing conventional and alternative agricultural  systems in the North Central USA, and studied soil C composition and  persistence, and their relationships with soil microbial attributes after  29 years of different agricultural management.\u00a0 The soil C  composition data include particulate organic matter (POM)-C, which is  believed to be primarily plant-derived and unprocessed or partially  processed by microbes, and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM)-C,  which is believed to be mostly microbial-derived and simple structured.  These soil C fractions were obtained by physical fractionation (53  \u00b5m).\u00a0Diffuse reflectance\u00a0infrared\u00a0fourier  transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to study the composition of MAOM  (Aliphatic C vs. Aromatic C). Soil microbial attributes studied include  soil microbial biomass C (by chloroform fumigation method), microbial  C-use efficiency (CUE) (by 13C-tracing method), and microbial necromass  (amino sugars biomarkers, including glucosamine, muramic  acids,\u00a0galactosamine, and mannosamine). Activities of oxidative  enzymes were studied to assess the potential of soil organic matter  oxidation under these different management regimes. These data suggested  that on the Mollisols, only perennial pastures that were managed by  rotational grazing could enhance soil (0-30 cm) carbon stock and  persistence compared to the conventional continuous corn system that had  annual tillage. No-till did not increase soil C stock or persistence,  while including legumes/manure in crop rotations could enhance microbial C  cycling, but could not enhance the stock of persistent MAOM-C.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rui, Yichao, Ruark, Matthew,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpn2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpn2", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpn2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpn2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkk9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Visualization and quantification of carbon 'rusty sink' by rice root iron plaque: mechanisms, functions, and global implications", "description": "Paddies contain 78% higher organic carbon (C) stocks than adjacent upland  soils, and iron (Fe) plaque formation on rice roots is one of the  mechanisms that traps C. The process sequence, extent and global relevance  of this C stabilization mechanism under oxic/anoxic conditions remains  unclear. We quantified and localized the contribution of Fe plaque to C  stabilization in a microoxic area (rice rhizosphere) and evaluated the  role of this C trap toward global C sequestration in paddy soils.  Visualization and localization of pH by imaging with planar optodes,  enzyme activities by zymography, and root exudation by 14C imaging, as  well as upscale modeling enabled linkage of three groups of rhizosphere  processes that are responsible for C stabilization from the micro- (root)  to the macro- (ecosystem) level. The 14C activity in soil (reflecting  stabilization of rhizodeposits) with Fe2+ addition was 1.4\u22121.5 times  higher than that in the control and phosphate addition soils. Perfect  co-localization of the hotspots of \u03b2-glucosidase activity (by zymography)  with exudation showed that labile C and high enzyme activities were  localized within Fe plaques. Fe2+ addition to soil and its microbial  oxidation to Fe3+ by radial oxygen release from rice roots increased Fe  plaque (Fe3+) formation by 1.7\u22122.5 times. The C trapped by Fe plaque was  1.1 times higher after Fe2+ addition. Therefore, Fe plaque formed from  amorphous and complex Fe on root surface act as a \u201crusty sink\u201d for C.  Upscaling by model revealed the global significance of C preservation  within Fe3+ complexes in paddy soils. Considering the area of coverage of  paddy soils globally, radial oxygen loss from roots and bacterial Fe  oxidation may trap up to 130 Mg C in Fe plaques per rice season. This  represents an important annual surplus of new and stable C to the existing  C pool under long-term rice cropping.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration", "Fe-oxidizing and Fe-reducing bacteria", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land", "rhizosphere processes", "Iron plaque", "enzyme activity", "Fluctuating redox conditions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wei, Liang", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkk9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkk9", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkk9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkk9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b7v", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage", "description": "unspecifiedMethods are described in the manuscript  https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20184", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "organic carbon", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "conservation tillage", "conventional tillage", "15. Life on land", "Total nitrogen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Novak, Jeffrey, Watts, Donald, Bauer, Phillip, Karlen, Douglas, Hunt, Patrick, Mishra, Umakant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b7v"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b7v", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b7v", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b7v"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.mgqnk9949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation", "description": "Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining  the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon  emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences  carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as  decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies  for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw  experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing  microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization  process after 11 years no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna,  as a \u201ctemporary storage container\u201d, indirectly influenced the SOC  transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through  feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of  and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being  stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as \u201cnew\u201d carbon.  Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and  particulate organic carbon showed that the \u201crenewal effect\u201d driven by the  soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly  illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon  inputs and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass  accumulation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kou, Xinchang, Morien, Elly, Tian, Yijia, Zhang, Xiaoke, Lu, Caiyan, Xie, Hongtu, Liang, Wenju, Li, Qi, Liang, Chao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mgqnk9949"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.mgqnk9949", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.mgqnk9949", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.mgqnk9949"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.ncjsxksxj", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions", "description": "Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by  providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial soil microbiota,  and improving soil aggregation and structure. The various CC species that  belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact  SOC formation and stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests that  selection of PFTs with distinct litter quality (C:N ratio) should  influence the pathways and magnitude of SOC sequestration. Yet, we lack  knowledge on the effect of CCs from different PFTs on the quantity and  composition of physiochemical pools of SOC. We sampled soils under  monocultures of three CC PFTs (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale];  and brassica [canola]) and a mixture of these three species, from a  long-term CC experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. We measured C content in  bulk soil and C content and composition in contrasting physical fractions:  particulate organic matter, POM; and mineral-associated organic matter,  MAOM. The bulk SOC content was higher in all CC treatments compared to the  fallow. Compared to the legume, monocultures of grass and brassica with  lower litter quality (wider C:N) had higher proportion of plant-derived C  in POM, indicating selective preservation of complex structural plant  compounds. In contrast, soils under legumes had greater accumulation of  microbial-derived C in MAOM. Our results for the first time, revealed that  the mixture contributed to a higher concentration of plant-derived  compounds in POM relative to the legume, and a greater accumulation of  microbial-derived C in MAOM compared to monocultures of grass and  brassica. Mixtures with all three PFTs can thus increase the short- and  long-term SOC persistence balancing the contrasting effects on the  chemistries in POM and MAOM imposed by monoculture CC PFTs. Thus, despite  different cumulative C inputs in CC treatments from different PFTs, the  total SOC stocks did not vary between CC PFTs, rather PFTs impacted  whether C accumulated in POM or MAOM fractions. This highlights that CCs  of different PFTs may shift the dominant SOC formation pathways (POM vs.  MAOM), subsequently impacting short- and long-term SOC stabilization and  stocks. Our work provides a strong applied field test of biogeochemical  theory linking litter quality to pathways of C accrual in soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Plant functional types", "Particulate organic matter", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Mineral-associated organic matter", "cover crops", "legume", "15. Life on land", "Biomarkers"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Suseela, Vidya, Zhang, Ziliang, Kaye, Jason, Bradley, Brosi, Amsili, Joseph,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ncjsxksxj"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.ncjsxksxj", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.ncjsxksxj", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.ncjsxksxj"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Digital research data from: Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production", "description": "unspecifiedBiochar is being considered a climate change mitigation tool by increasing  soil organic carbon contents (SOC), however, questions remain concerning  its longevity in soil. We applied 30,000 kg ha\u22121 of biochars to plots  containing a Goldsboro sandy loam (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active,  thermic Aquic Paleudults) and then physically disked all plots.  Thereafter, the plots were agronomically managed under 4 years (Y) of  continuous corn (Zea Mays, L.) planting. Annually, incremental soil along  with corresponding bulk density samples were collected and SOC  concentrations were measured in topsoil (down to 23-cm). The biochars were  produced from Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC) and Poultry litter  (PL) feedstocks. An untreated Goldsboro soil (0 biochar) served as a  control.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Novak, Jeffrey, Watts, Donald, Sigua, Gilbert, Myers, William, Ducey, Thomas, Rushmiller, Hannah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83qx", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-07-14", "title": "Cropland management impacts on soil organic carbon stock changes in US croplands from 1990 to 2015", "description": "unspecifiedAny program or image processing software that is compatible with  GeoTIFF formats (e.g., ArcGIS).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil carbon sequestration", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "cropland", "greenhouse gas mitigation", "15. Life on land", "DayCent Ecosystem Model", "United States"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ogle, Stephen", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83qx"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83qx", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83qx", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83qx"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwg8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Phosphorus supply increases nitrogen transformation rates and retention in soil: a global meta-analysis", "description": "Interactions between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are important for  plant growth and ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. While effects of N  supply on P dynamics have been much studied, much less is known about the  opposite (P-effect on N). We conducted a meta-analysis by compiling a  total of 1734 individual experimental observations from 116 peer-reviewed  publications to assess P-addition effects on soil N dynamics. Globally, P  additions increased the soil total N (TN) pool, potentially as a result of  enhanced plant and microbial immobilization and reduced N losses, with a  stronger effect detected under longer duration of P addition (\u2265 5 years).  A coupled increase in soil organic C with TN signifies the fundamental  role of exogenous P supply in enhancing soil C sequestration. Phosphorus  addition accelerated some of the soil N cycling processes including gross  N mineralization, gross nitrification, and denitrification, with the  effect sizes varying among ecosystem types and increasing with P addition  rates. Our results indicate the fundamental role of P in affecting soil N  pools and processes, and highlight the efficacy of P supply in  sequestering soil C and mitigating global C emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Ruzhen, Bicharanloo, Bahareh, Hou, Enqing, Jiang, Yong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwg8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwg8", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwg8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwg8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.qz612jmp3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-12-05", "title": "Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism", "description": "unspecified| README.txt file\u00a0 | | |  :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | GENERAL INFORMATION | | | | | | 1. Title of Dataset: Data from: Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism | | | | | | 2. Author Information: | | | First author 1 | | | Name: Ye Li | | | Institution: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China | | | | | | Corresponding author 2 | | | Name: Zengming Chen | | | Institution: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China | | | Email: zmchen @issas.ac.cn | | | | | | Co-author 3 | | | Name: Cameron Wagg | | | Institution: Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, Canada | | | | | | Co-author 4 | | | Name: Michael J. Castellano | | | Institution: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA | | | | | | Co-author 5 | | | Name: Nan Zhang | | | Institution: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing, China | | | | | | Co-author 6 | | | Name: Weixin Ding | | | Institution: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China | | | | | | 3. Date of data collection: 2019-2023 | | | | | | 4. Geographic location of data collection: Baoqing county, in the east of Heilongjiang Province, northeast China (46\u00b020\u2019N, 132\u00b012\u2019E, elevation 70-75 m). | | | | | | 5. Funding sources that supported the collection of the data: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1500303), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28010302), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211610), Natural Science Foundation of China (42077029, U1906220), Frontier Project from the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSASIP2212), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022313). | | | | | | 6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Li et al. (2024), Data from: Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism, Dryad, Dataset. | | | | | | | | | DATA FILES | | | | | | File: Belowground metabolism and SOC decomposition | | | Details: total enzyme activities, C and N/P limitations and SOC decomposition | | | | | | File: Biodiversity | | | Details: the richess, Shannon and Simpson indices | | | | | | File: Edaphic condition | | | Details: soil physicochemical factors | | | | | | File: Topological features | | | Details: Topological features of multitrophic networks | | | | | | VARIABLE LIST AND ABBREVIATION | | | | | | SOC | content of soil organic carbon | | C limitation | limitation of carbon in belowground metabolic activities calculated from vector length in enzymatic stochiometry | | P/N limitation | limitation of phosphorus or nitrogen\u00a0 in belowground metabolic activities calculated from vector angle in enzymatic stochiometry | | TN | content of total nitrogen | | TP | content oftotal phosphorus | | Zi | the sum of Z-score of enzyme activities | | C/N | ratio of soil organic matter to total nitrogen | | C/P | ratio of soil organic matter to total phosphorus | | AP | content of available phosphorus | | NH4+ | content of ammonium | | NO3- | content of nitrate | | nodes _num | the number of ASVs included in networks | | edge _number | the number of connections among all nodes | | neg _pos | the ratio of negative to positive connections | | average _degree | mean connections of all nodes with another unique node | | average _path _length | mean network distance between all paired nodes | | clustering _coefficient | the degree of nodes clumping | | betweenness _centralization | the times of a specific node acting as a bridge along the shortest path between another paired nodes | | closeness _centralization | inverse of the average distance of a specific node to any other nodes | | degree _centralization | evenness of connections among nodes in a network | | HC | samples with SOC content above 23 g C kg-1 | | LC | samples with SOC content below 23 g C kg-1 |", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "Mollisols", "agroecosystem", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "multitrophic network", "Biodiversity", "carbon loss", "belowground metabolisms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chen, Zengming", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmp3"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.qz612jmp3", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.qz612jmp3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmp3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hf0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure", "description": "unspecifiedBiochar can significantly change soil properties and improve soil quality.  However, the effects of long-term combined application of biochar (B) and  nitrogen (N) fertilizer on relationships between soil enzyme activity,  microbial community structure and crop yield are still obscure. We  characterized these relationships in a long-term (8 years) field  experiment with rice, two biochar rates of 0 and 13.5 t ha-1 year-1 (B0  and B) and two N fertilizer rates of 0 and 300 kg N ha-1 year-1 (N0 and  N). The repeated, long-term combined applications of biochar and N  fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen  (MBC and MBN), but biochar decreased the abundance of total bacteria,  fungi, actinomycetes, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as  the amount of total phospholipid fatty acids. The activity of leucine  aminopeptidase (LAP) decreased significantly in the biochar-amended and N  fertilized treatment, but the LAP activity either remained unchanged or  increased with biochar amendment at N0. The relative abundance of  bacterial phylum Chloroflexi was increased in the combined biochar and N  fertilizer treatment. The changes in soil organic matter and the activity  of \u03b1-1,4-xylosidase were the major properties influencing soil bacterial  community composition, whereas the structure of fungal community was  governed by MBC, MBN and LAP activity. In addition, long-term biochar and  N fertilizer applied together significantly increased rice yield (more  than biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applied alone). Yield was  significantly positively correlated with LAP activity, but significantly  negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Chloroflexi. In  conclusion, long-term biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applications  increased rice yield, which was associated with altered soil microbial  community and enhanced activity of some enzymes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Microbial community", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "biochar", "phospholipid fatty acids", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "long-term experiment", "nitrogen fertilizer", "enzyme activity", "rice yield"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Aiping", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hf0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hf0", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hf0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hf0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncwz", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-09-04", "title": "How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta\u2010analyses", "description": "Open AccessThis data file includes five datasets used to construct the  following five figures.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hui, Dafeng, Kaur, Navneet, Kieffer, Christina, Ren, Wei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncwz"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncwz", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncwz", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncwz"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.z08kprrk8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:33Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-12", "title": "Biocrust environmental data across Chinese deserts", "description": "unspecifiedOne of the key goals of ecology is to understand how communities are  assembled. The species co-existence theory suggests that community  \u03b2-diversity is influenced by species pool and community assembly  processes, such as environmental filtering, dispersal events, ecological  drift, and biotic interactions. However, it remains unclear whether there  are similar \u03b2-diversity patterns among different soil microbial groups and  whether all these mechanisms play significant roles in mediating  \u03b2-diversity patterns. By conducting a broad survey across Chinese deserts,  we aimed to address these questions by investing biological soil crusts  (biocrusts). Through amplicon-sequencing, we acquired \u03b2-diversity data for  multiple microbial groups, that is, soil total bacteria, diazotrophs,  phoD-harbouring taxa, and fungi. Our results have shown varying distance  decay rates of \u03b2-diversity across microbial groups, with soil total  bacteria showing a weaker distance-decay relationship than other groups.  The impact of the species pool on community \u03b2-diversity varied across  microbial groups, with soil total bacteria and diazotrophs being  significantly influenced. While the contributions of specific assembly  processes to community \u03b2-diversity patterns varied among different  microbial groups, significant effects of local community assembly  processes on \u03b2-diversity patterns were consistently observed across all  groups. Homogenous selection and dispersal limitation emerged as crucial  processes for all groups. Precipitation and soil C:P were the key factors  mediating \u03b2-diversity for all groups. This study has substantially  advanced our understanding of how the communities of multiple microbial  groups are structured in desert biocrust systems.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "biological soil crusts", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Soil pH"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xu, Lin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrk8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.z08kprrk8", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.z08kprrk8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrk8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.11198261", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:13Z", "type": "Report", "title": "2024 National Engagement Event in Italy: 100 Living Lab e Lighthouse per la salute del suolo, opportunit\u00e0 di finanziamento 2024", "description": "Il 13 maggio 2024 si \u00e8 tenuto a Roma (e online) l'Evento nazionale sulla Missione Suolo dell'Unione Europea -\u00a0100 Living Lab e Lighthouse per la salute del suolo - opportunit\u00e0 di finanziamento 2024, organizzato da Trust-IT Services e Politecnico di Milano in collaborazione con altri partner istituzionali.  Gli eventi nazionali organizzati dal progetto Horizon Europe NATI00NS puntano a promuovere la Missione dell'UE 'A Soil Deal for Europe' in contesti nazionali e regionali, fornendo accesso a materiali e informazioni di qualit\u00e0, stimolando le discussioni sulle migliori configurazioni di Living Lab (LL) per affrontare le specifiche esigenze sul suolo nei vari contesti locali, favorendo il matchmaking per i cluster LL interregionali. Lo scopo \u00e8 di supportare enti e organizzazioni regionali e nazionali a presentare domanda per i\u00a0bandi Horizon Europe sul tema \u201cSoil Health Living Labs\u201d.\u00a0  La presentazione divide l'evento in quattro parti: una sessione informativa, due sessioni di confronto con gli stakeholder e una sessione di pitching.  Le sessioni puntano a coinvolgere i partecipanti di tutti i settori legati alla gestione del suolo e a illustrare i vantaggi dell'impegno nelle attivit\u00e0 della Missione.  L'obiettivo finale \u00e8 quello di supportare gli enti e le organizzazioni a presentare candidature solide in risposta ai\u00a0bandi Mission Soil.\u00a0A tal fine, l'evento ha fornito anche preziose informazioni sulle lezioni apprese nel corso del round di bandi precedente e dedicher\u00e0 sessioni specifiche al networking e al pitching, facilitando la creazione di consorzi tra i partecipanti.I partecipanti interessati sono stati invitati a registrarsi sulla\u00a0piattaforma online dedicata al matchmaking, dove possono incontrare potenziali partner per costruire Living Lab e consorzi.", "keywords": ["Soil sciences", "Urban engineering", "Urban horticulture", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FOS: Other agricultural sciences", "Other agricultural sciences", "Soil health living lab", "Agricultural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Quattrocchi, Gabriele, Rogowska, Gabriela, De Carlo, Fabiana, Cavallo, Dolinda, Ylla, Mar, ten Damme, Loraine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11198261"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.11198261", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.11198261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.11198261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.11912019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Metadata dataset: benchmark datasets for modelling", "description": "The main goal of the Soil Mission MARVIC project is to develop a framework for designing harmonized context-specific Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems for carbon farming, in support of the EU Carbon Removals and Carbon Farming (CRCF) regulation.  The scope of this report (MARVIC Deliverable 2.1) is to provide a metadata dataset of benchmark sites (BS) that are relevant to the calibration and validation of models used within the MARVIC test cases. The dataset provided by Deliverable 2.1 describes the main characteristics of each site, such as pedoclimatic conditions, management practices applied, soil chemical, physical, and biological parameters, and details the measured variables that have been collected over time.\u00a0  This dataset of metadata is used within MARVIC to determine which modelling approaches can be used in each of the test cases across work packages.", "keywords": ["agricultural sciences", "soil sciences", "Soil sciences", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "carbon farming", "EuroSciVoc", "Benchmark", "Carbon farming", "Agricultural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11912019"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.11912019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.11912019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.11912019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13345224", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:21Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Nash's Field grassland experiment Silwood Park, UK", "description": "unspecifiedNash's Field is one of the field experiments of Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus\u00a0and is part of The Ecological Continuity Trust (ECT). The experiment is a long-term study that aims to understand the degree to which nutrients, soil acidity and herbivory affect grassland ecology. It is a five-factor factorial experiment replicated in two blocks of plots using a split-plot design in a neutral grassland (MG5 Cynosurus cristatus/Centaurea debeauxii, under the UK National Vegetation Classification system). Overall, the experiment contains 8 invertebrate exclusion plots (\u00b1 insects and \u00b1 molluscs, 22 x 44 m), 16 vertebrate exclusion plots (\u00b1 rabbits, 22 x 22 m), 32 soil acidity plots (high vs low pH, 8 x 18 m), 96 plant competition plots (\u00b1 grasses, \u00b1 herbs, 6 x 8 m) and 1,152 fertilization plots (12 combinations of N, P, K and Mg, 2 x 2 m). Except for herbicides, which were used only at the start of the experiment, all treatments have been applied continuously since 1992. Data of aboveground biomass or coverage per plant species of all herbaceous plants present has been collected annually for several years from 1992.", "keywords": ["Ecology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "Biodiversity conservation", "Agricultural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Crawley, Michael J, Estrada Montes, Catalina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345224"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13345224", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13345224", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13345224"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13805742", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:24Z", "type": "Software", "title": "EOM4SOIL - Exogenous organic matter physicochemical characteristics visualisation tool - RShiny script", "description": "This repository contains the R and Rshiny scripts needed to run the EOM4SOIL visualisation tool. This user-friendly software allows for the dissemination of EOM references at the national and European levels to public authorities and EOM sector partners. This interactive tool enables users to explore and analyze the diverse physicochemical properties of EOM types contained in the 'Physico-chemical Characteristics of External Organic Matters' database (datapaper in progress). The software allows for dynamic filtering and visualization of data, providing users with customized graphical representations of EOM. By offering an intuitive interface, the application supports policymakers, scientists, and other stakeholders in making informed decisions by visualizing complex datasets in a clear and accessible manner.", "keywords": ["rshiny", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "visualisation tool", "Sustainable architecture", "Software", "Agricultural sciences", "organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Caradec, Lucille, Tampio, Elina, Laakso, Johanna, Michaud, Aurelia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13805742"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13805742", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13805742", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13805742"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14179949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:35Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "EOM4SOIL - Physico-chemical characteristics of external organic matters (EOMs) database", "description": "Physico-chemical characteristics of external organic matters (EOMs) database. The database is a non-relationnal database in column format. Established in the EJP Soil EOM4SOIL project, the database considers physico-chemical characteristics from about 120 types of EOMs encompassing urban, industrial and agricultural origins (e.g. urine, sludge, composts, digestates, farmyard manures; from various origins) and about 90 characteristics (major elements, mineral trace elements, emerging contaminants, mineralised C and N). There is an average of about 20 variables collected per type of EOM. 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