{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5061/dryad.cjsxksncn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:33Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-13", "title": "Tillage agriculture and afforestation threaten tropical savanna plant communities across a broad rainfall gradient in India", "description": "unspecifiedThe consequences of land-use change for savanna biodiversity remain undocumented in most regions of tropical Asia. One such region is western Maharashtra, India, where old-growth savannas occupy a broad rainfall gradient and are increasingly rare due to agricultural conversion and afforestation. To understand the consequences of land-use change, we sampled herbaceous plant communities of old-growth savannas and three alternative land-use types: tree plantations, tillage agriculture, and agricultural fallows (n=15 sites per type). Study sites spanned 457 to 1954 mm of mean annual precipitation\u2014corresponding to the typical rainfall range of mesic savannas globally. Across the rainfall gradient, we found consistent declines in old-growth savanna plant communities due to land-use change. Local-scale native species richness dropped from a mean of 12 species/m2 in old-growth savannas to 8, 6, and 3 species/m2 in tree plantations, fallows, and tillage agriculture, respectively. Cover of native plants declined from a mean of 49% in old-growth savannas to 27% in both tree plantations and fallows, and 4% in tillage agriculture. Reductions in native cover coincided with increased cover of invasive species in tree plantations (18%), fallows (18%), and tillage agriculture (3%). In analyses of community composition, tillage agriculture was most dissimilar to old-growth savannas, while tree plantations and fallows showed intermediate dissimilarity. These compositional changes were driven partly by the loss of characteristic savanna species: 65 species recorded in old-growth savannas were absent in other land uses. Indicator analysis revealed 21 old-growth species, comprised mostly of native savanna specialists. Indicators of tree plantations (9 species) and fallows (13 species) were both invasive and native species, while the 2 indicators of tillage agriculture were invasive. As reflective of declines in savanna communities, mean native perennial graminoid cover of 27% in old-growth savannas dropped to 9%, 7%, and 0.1% in tree plantations, fallows, and tillage agriculture, respectively. Synthesis: Agricultural conversion and afforestation of old-growth savannas in India destroys and degrades herbaceous plant communities that do not spontaneously recover on fallowed land. Efforts to conserve India\u2019s native biodiversity should encompass the country\u2019s widespread savanna biome and seek to limit conversion of irreplaceable old-growth savannas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "land use change", "13. Climate action", "plant species richness", "India", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "grassland", "herbivores", "fire", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nerlekar, Ashish, Munje, Avishkar, Mhaisalkar, Pranav, Hiremath, Ankila, Veldman, Joseph,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cjsxksncn"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.cjsxksncn", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.cjsxksncn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.cjsxksncn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.25338/B8P92J", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-07-13", "title": "Spatio-temporal dynamics of insect communities in constructed and natural tidal marshes with distinct landscape positions", "description": "unspecified| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | This readme file was generated on 2023-07-05 by Emily Fromenthal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GENERAL INFORMATION | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Title of Dataset: Beyond the Marsh: Tidal Marsh Landscape Position Influences Insect Community Structure | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Author/Principal Investigator Information | | | | | | | | Name: Emily Fromenthal | | | | | | | | Institution: University of Alabama | | | | | | | | Email:[efromenthal@crimson.ua.edu](mailto:efromenthal@crimson.ua.edu) | | | | | | | | Author/Associate or Co-investigator Information | | | | | | | | Name: Shelby Rinehart | | | | | | | | ORCID:0000-0001-9820-1350 | | | | | | | | Institution: University of Alabama & Drexel University | | | | | | | | Email: [srinehart@ucdavis.edu](mailto:srinehart@ucdavis.edu) OR [sarinehart@ua.edu](mailto:sarinehart@ua.edu) | | | | | | | | Author/Associate or Co-investigator Information | | | | | | | | Name: Jacob M Dybiec | | | | | | | | Institution: University of Alabama | | | | | | | | Email: [jmdybiec@crimson.ua.edu](mailto:jmdybiec@crimson.ua.edu) | | | | | | | | Author/Associate or Co-investigator Information | | | | | | | | Name: Julia A Cherry | | | | | | | | Institution: University of Alabama | | | | | | | | Email: [cherr002@ua.edu](mailto:cherr002@ua.edu) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Date of data collection: 2021-04 through 2021-10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Geographic location of data collection: West Fowl River | Coden | Alabama | USA | | | | | CON-1: 30.368 N | -88.152 W | | | | | | | CON-2: 30.367 N | -88.151 W | | | | | | | NAT: 30.368 N | -88.160 W | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: | | | | | | | | The Society of Wetland Scientists | | | | | | | | University of Alabama | Department of Biological Sciences | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: None | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Links to publications that cite or use the data: Please see the publication associated with these data in XXXXXXXX (doi: XXXXXX) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Recommended citation for this dataset: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fromenthal | E | S. Rinehart | J.M. Dybiec | and J.A Cherry. Beyond the Marsh: Tidal Marsh Landscape Position Influences Insect Community Structure. Dryad | Dataset | [https://doi.org/XXXXXXXXX](https://doi.org/XXXXXXXXX) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DATA & FILE OVERVIEW | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | File List: | | | | | | | | Taxa- count data for each insect taxon observed at study sites | | | | | | | | Biodiversity- total individuals | taxa richness | and Shannon-Weiner diversity (H') indeces for each quadrat | | | | | | FloralCounts- total count | average count | standard deviation | and variance of Juncus roemerianus inflorescences | | | | | Herbivory- percent area of herbivory damage on J. roemerianus shoots collected from each quadrat in each marsh. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: See the publication associated with these data in XXXXXXXX (doi: XXXXXX) for details on methods. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Methods for processing the data: See the publication associated with these data in XXXXXXXX (doi: XXXXXX) for details on methods. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: Microsoft Excel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Environmental/experimental conditions: CON-1 and CON-2 are two constructed tidal marshes hydrologically connected via canal to the West Fowl River in Mobile County | Alabama. NAT is a reference marsh directly connected to the West Fowl River. All marshes are located in a sub-tropical estuary along the northern Gulf fo Mexico. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: | | | | | | | | General QA/QC done by all co-authors. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | People involved with sample collection | processing | analysis | and/or submission: | | | | | Emily Fromenthal was involved in sample collection | processing | analysis | and submission. | | | | | Shelby Rinehart was involved in sample collection | analysis | and submission. | | | | | | Jacob M Dybiec was involved in sample collection and analysis. | | | | | | | | Julia A Cherry was involved in analysis and submission. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Taxa | | | | | | | | Number of variables: 86 | | | | | | | | Number of cases/rows: 146 | | | | | | | | Missing data codes: No data missing. | | | | | | | | Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable List: | | | | | | | | Marsh-indicates the marsh (CON1 | CON2 | or NAT) that data was collected from | | | | | | Month- month that data was collected | | | | | | | | Method- method used to collect data (Pan | Net | Light | FC) | | | | | Quadrat- indicates the replicate quadrat (i.e. | CON1-1 | CON1-2 | etc.) that data was collected from | | | | | Variables E-CH (5-86) represent counts of indiviual taxa identified to the lowest possible taxa (family | in most cases). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Biodiversity | | | | | | | | Number of variables: 5 | | | | | | | | Number of cases/rows: 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Missing data codes: No missing data. | | | | | | | | Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: | | | | | | | | H'- Shannon-Wiener diversity index; calculated using the formula H^'= - _(i=1)^Rp _i ln p _i | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable List: | | | | | | | | Marsh- indicates the marsh (CON1 | CON2 | or NAT) that data was collected from | | | | | | Quadrat- indicates the replicate quadrat (i.e. | CON1-1 | CON1-2 | etc.) that data was collected from | | | | | Total Individuals- total count of individual insects per quadrat across all sampling strategies. | | | | | | | | Taxa Richness- number of unique taxa identified per quadrat across all sampling stratagies. | | | | | | | | H'- Shannon-Wiener diversity calculated for each quadrat across all sampling stratagies. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: FloralCounts | | | | | | | | Number of variables: 4 | | | | | | | | Number of cases/rows: 37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Missing data codes: No missing data. | | | | | | | | Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable List: | | | | | | | | Marsh- indicates the marsh (CON1 | CON2 | or NAT) that data was collected from | | | | | | Quadrat- indicates the replicate quadrat (i.e. | CON1-1 | CON1-2 | etc.) that data was collected from | | | | | Replicate- inducates which sub-sample from each quadrat is associated with each observation | | | | | | | | Floral count- the number of flowering J. roemerianus shoots in each observation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Herbivory | | | | | | | | Number of variables: 7 | | | | | | | | Number of cases/rows: 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Missing data codes: No missing data. | | | | | | | | Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable List: | | | | | | | | Quadrat- indicates the replicate quadrat (i.e. | CON1-1 | CON1-2 | etc.) that data was collected from. | | | | | Marsh- notes which tidal wetland site the sample was collected from. | | | | | | | | Herbivory (sq inch)- area of insect herbivory damage/scars in square inches | | | | | | | | Herbivory (cm2)- area of insect herbivory damage/scars per cm2 | | | | | | | | Total area (sq inch)- total size (area) of J. roemerianus shoots in square inches | | | | | | | | Total area (cm2)- total size (area) of of J. roemerianus shoots in cm2. | | | | | | | | % Herbivory- the percent area of J. roemerianus shoots with insect herbivory damage | | | | | | |", "keywords": ["coastal wetlands", "Gulf of Mexico", "Restoration ecology", "insect ecology", "Seasonal variations", "Spatial and landscape ecology", "FOS: Natural sciences", "Species diversity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rinehart, Shelby, Fromenthal, Emily, Dybiec, Jacob, Cherry, Julia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.25338/B8P92J"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.25338/B8P92J", "name": "item", "description": "10.25338/B8P92J", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.25338/B8P92J"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0ph1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Long-term nitrogen deposition inhibits soil priming effects by enhancing phosphorus limitation in a subtropical forest", "description": "unspecifiedThis dataset was collected by sampling soils exposed to 9 years of manipulative N inputs in situ in a subtropical forest and then incubating them in a 30-day incubation experiment. The CO2 flux and PE were measured by NaOH trapping. Soil variables were measured at the end of incubation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SOM decomposition", "13. Climate action", "P limitation", "15. Life on land", "priming effects", "Microbial metabolism", "FOS: Natural sciences", "N deposition"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Xiaohong, Li, Shiyining, Zhu, Biao, Homyak, Peter M., Chen, Guangshui, Yao, Xiaodong, Wu, Dongmei, Yang, Zhijie, Lyu, Maokui, Yang, Yusheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0ph1"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0ph1", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0ph1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0ph1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000640921", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Mineral transformations of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite in suspension and in paddy soil: A closer look at the effects of silicate, phosphate, and the soil matrix", "description": "unspecifiedIron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides, such as ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite, are ubiquitous in soils. Due to their high surface area, Fe (oxyhydr)oxides constitute important sorbents for nutrients and contaminants in the soil, including silicate and phosphate. Under sub- or anoxic conditions in water-saturated or submerged soils, Fe(III) acts as an alternative electron acceptor during the microbial metabolization of organic matter. This leads to the reductive dissolution of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, the formation of Fe(II) and the potential release of adsorbed components. The presence of Fe(II) accelerates the transformation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite to more crystalline Fe minerals, such as goethite or magnetite. Silicate and phosphate can interfere with these mineral transformations. However, how silicate and phosphate impact the trajectory and mineral products of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite transformation has not been fully resolved yet. Up to now, Fe mineral transformations have mainly been studied in simplified model systems, such as mineral suspensions, but rarely in soil. Further, transformations of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite in soils during redox cycles, including the recurring reduction and oxidation of Fe, remain obscure. Redox active soils include paddy soils which are crucial for the global production of rice as a staple food. This thesis investigated factors that govern Fe (oxyhydr)oxide transformations in redox active paddy soils. The doctoral project was designed to move consecutively from controlled laboratory to in-situ field experiments. In all experiments, the stable isotope 57Fe was used as a tracer in combination with isotope analysis of dissolved and solid phases and/or 57Fe M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy. In the first part of this thesis, the effect of silicate on Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite was examined in mineral suspensions spiked with 57Fe(II) at two Fe(II):Fe(III) molar ratios. The reactivity of ferrihydrite towards 57Fe(II) adsorption and Fe atom exchange with dissolved 57Fe(II) was only marginally impacted by coprecipitated silicate. Silicate hindered ferrihydrite transformation to goethite and magnetite as compared to silicate-free ferrihydrite. During mineral transformation, coprecipitated silicate led to the formation of thicker lepidocrocite crystallites from ferrihydrite and silicate was redistributed in the solid phase. For lepidocrocite, magnetite formed at the higher Fe(II):Fe(III) molar ratio. This contrasts the decreased Fe atom exchange and inhibited mineral transformation in the presence of surface-adsorbed silicate on lepidocrocite surfaces. The results demonstrate that silicate strongly interferes with Fe mineral transformations whereas the mineral reactivity towards Fe(II) adsorption and Fe atom exchange can remain high. In a following experiment, the transformation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite during three redox cycles was studied in laboratory mesocosms filled with paddy soil. To understand the effect of the soil matrix on mineral transformations, minerals were incubated either as minerals without the addition of soil or as 57Fe-labeled mineral-soil mixes in mesh bags. The results showed that ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite transformed to goethite and/or magnetite when incubated as mineral mesh bags without soil. When ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite were mixed with soil, a mixed valent and highly disordered Fe phase formed. Goethite additionally formed in lepidocrocite-soil mixes. Throughout repeated redox cycles, solid-associated Fe(II) fractions in mineral-soil mixes during anoxic periods increased, suggesting an increasing extent of Fe mineral reduction. The outcomes of this study showed that Fe mineral transformations are strongly impacted when minerals are exposed to the soil matrix, which can lead to highly disordered instead of crystalline Fe mineral transformation products. In a final experiment, the in-situ transformation of Fe oxyhydroxides and the effect of phosphate were investigated in a field-incubation of minerals in a flooded rice paddy soil in Thailand. Ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite and phosphate-adsorbed ferrihydrite were incubated using mesh bags, containing the minerals without soil or 57Fe-labeled mineral-soil mixes. The field-incubation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite in mineral mesh bags without soil resulted in goethite formation with a much larger transformation extent in ferrihydrite. With pre-adsorbed phosphate, the transformation of ferrihydrite was strongly hindered. In mineral-soil mixes ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite transformed to goethite to a similar extent. Pre-adsorbed phosphate on ferrihydrite surfaces strongly hindered mineral transformation in the mineral-soil mixes but enhanced Fe reduction compared to phosphate-free ferrihydrite. These findings demonstrate the dual role of phosphate during mineral transformations when minerals are closely associated or in direct contact with the soil matrix. The outcomes of this thesis highlight the importance of considering silicate and phosphate interactions with Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, by demonstrating their strong impact on the trajectory of mineral transformations. Mineral transformations in soil have been shown in this thesis to be much slower compared to mineral suspension experiments. Further, when minerals are closely associated or in direct contact with the soil matrix, highly disordered Fe phases can form instead of crystalline Fe minerals. Such disordered Fe phases can be highly reactive, as this work demonstrated for the exposure to redox cycles. Collectively, the gained insights contribute to a better assessment of Fe cycling in redox-active soils which can control nutrient and contaminant mobility in the environment.", "keywords": ["Transformations", "Field study", "iron reduction", "15. Life on land", "laboratory study", "6. Clean water", "Lepidocrocite", "Natural sciences", "Ferrihydrite", "Rice paddy", "Redox reactions", "iron minerals", "FOS: Natural sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/500"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Schulz, Katrin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000640921"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Thesis/Dissertation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000640921", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000640921", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000640921"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv29", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-06-26", "title": "Summer litter decomposition is moderated by scale-dependent microenvironmental variation in tundra ecosystems", "description": "unspecifiedTundra soils are one of the world\u2019s largest organic carbon stores, yet this carbon is vulnerable to accelerated decomposition as climate warming progresses. The landscape-scale controls of litter decomposition are poorly understood in tundra ecosystems, which hinders our understanding of the global carbon cycle. We examined the extent to which the thermal sum of surface air temperature, soil moisture and permafrost thaw depth influenced litter mass loss and decomposition rates (k), and at which spatial thresholds an environmental variable becomes a reliable predictor of decomposition, using the Tea Bag Index protocol across a heterogeneous tundra landscape on Qikiqtaruk - Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada. We found greater green tea litter mass loss and faster decomposition rates (k) in wetter areas within the landscape, and to a lesser extent in areas with deeper permafrost active layer thickness and higher surface thermal sums. We also found higher decomposition rates (k) on north-facing relative to south-facing aspects at microsites that were wetter rather than warmer. Spatially heterogeneous belowground conditions (soil moisture and active layer depth) explained variation in decomposition metrics at local scales (< 50 m2) better than thermal sum. Surprisingly, there was no strong control of elevation or slope on litter decomposition. Our results reveal that there is considerable scale dependency in the environmental controls of tundra litter decomposition, with moisture playing a greater role than the thermal sum at < 50 m2 scales. Our findings highlight the importance and complexity of microenvironmental controls on litter decomposition in estimates of carbon cycling in a rapidly warming tundra biome.", "keywords": ["Decomposition", "litter", "13. Climate action", "moisture", "ecosystem change", "tea bag index", "Temperature", "Climate change", "carbon cycling", "15. Life on land", "Tundra", "FOS: Natural sciences", "microclimate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gallois, Elise", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv29"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv29", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv29", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv29"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rmr", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: Inundation depth stimulates plant-mediated CH4 emissions by increasing ecosystem carbon uptake and plant height in an estuarine wetland", "description": "Plant-mediated CH4 emission is an important part of the ecosystem CH4 emission from vegetated wetlands. Inundation depth may alter the potential magnitude of CH4\u00a0releases by changing CH4\u00a0production and plant transport, but the relationships between plant-mediated CH4\u00a0emissions and inundation depth are still uncertain, especially for estuarine wetlands with changeable hydrological processes. Besides, there are conflicting results regarding the role of inundation depth in plant-mediated CH4\u00a0emissions. Here we conducted a novel inundation depth experiment (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm inundation depth) dominated by Phragmites australis in the Yellow River estuary, China. Soil CH4\u00a0emissions, ecosystem CH4\u00a0emissions, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant traits were measured during the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. Plant-mediated CH4\u00a0emissions were the difference between ecosystem CH4\u00a0emissions and soil CH4\u00a0emissions. The results showed that inundation depth decreased soil CH4\u00a0emissions but increased ecosystem CH4\u00a0emissions. Plant-mediated CH4\u00a0transport from Phragmites australis accounted for 99% of total ecosystem CH4\u00a0emissions under different inundation depths. Inundation depth strongly stimulated plant-mediated CH4\u00a0emission from 0 to 20 cm during the growing seasons. The increased net ecosystem CO2 exchange enhanced plant-mediated CH4\u00a0emissions by altering production, suggesting that carbon components derived from photosynthetic carbon input may benefit CH4\u00a0production. Additionally, the increased plant height promoted CH4\u00a0emission by regulating plant transport, indicating that plant traits may play an important role in transport of CH4. Our findings indicated that NEE and plant height play an important role in plant-mediated CH4\u00a0emissions under different inundation depths in estuarine wetland. This study also highlights that hydrological regimes and plant traits are essential for the estimation of CH4\u00a0emissions in future projections of global wetland changes.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhao, Mingliang, Li, Peiguang, Song, Weimin, Chu, Xiaojing, Eller, Franziska, Wang, Xiaojie, Liu, Jingtao, Xiao, Leilei, Wei, Siyu, Li, Xinge, Han, Guang-Xuan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rmr"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rmr", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rmr", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rmr"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k7n", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-12-05", "title": "Biotic and abiotic properties of biocrus", "description": "unspecifiedEukaryotic algae, as the primary group of photosynthetic autotrophs, exert a significant influence on the development and functions of biological crusts in dryland ecosystems. Despite their importance, there are substantial knowledge gaps on the composition of eukaryotic algal communities and their effects on the distributions of bacteria and fungi in dryland soils. This study examined the eukaryotic algal community along a successional sequence of biocrusts in the Gurbantunggut desert, while also investigating their patterns of co-occurrence with bacteria and fungi through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus levels played a crucial role in the regulation of changes in the abundance and composition of the algal community. In particular, changes in the structure of the algal community arise primarily from fluctuations in the main species, rather than from loss and appearance of species during the biocrust succession. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the biocrust led to increases in the relative abundance of algal species in the Chlorophyta. The results also indicated that eukaryotic algae played an important role in affecting bacterial and fungal communities and significantly improved the stability of the microbial community, reflected by the robustness of co-occurrence networks. The network analysis further indicated that eukaryotic algae affected the stability of microbial co-occurrence networks either by acting as keystone taxa or associating with the keystone bacterial and fungal taxa. These findings reveal a clear mechanism by which soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected the composition of eukaryotic algae communities and further regulated bacterial and fungal communities during biocrust development, providing valuable information on the development and functional execution of biocrusts in dryland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Microbial ecology", "Succession of biocrusts", "13. Climate action", "Physicochemical properties", "15. Life on land", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhao, Kang", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k7n"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k7n", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k7n", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k7n"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-07-04", "title": "Data from: Litter quality controls tradeoffs in soil carbon decomposition and replenishment in a subtropical forest", "description": "Species-rich forests can produce litter of varying carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition (i.e., quality), which can affect decomposition and play a central role in long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. However, how differences in litter quality affect SOC decomposition and formation remains unclear over the full litter decomposition trajectory.\u00a0 We followed the in-situ complete decomposition of added 13C-labelled high- (low C:N) and low-quality (high C:N) leaf-litter and its effect on particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MAOM) organic matter fractions over two years in a natural subtropical forest. We found that during early stages of decomposition, low-quality litter inputs decreased SOC via a positive priming effect (i.e., new C inputs favored decomposition of native SOC), but these SOC losses were offset by SOC gains observed via a negative priming effect during decomposition of high-quality litter. In contrast, this pattern reversed during late stages of decomposition\u2014SOC losses via a positive priming effect induced by high-quality litter were offset by SOC gains via a negative priming effect induced by low-quality litter. Over the full decomposition of litter, both high- and low-quality litter stimulated microbial breakdown of SOC tied to POM, but also replenished more persistent SOC that associated with soil minerals (MAOM). Altogether, we observed that low-quality litter formed twice as much new SOC as high-quality litter (24% vs. 12% of added litter-C). We extend the notion of the priming effect\u00a0from primarily a negative role promoting losses of native SOC, to a functional role that can replenish persistent SOC. Synthesis. Our measurements raise the possibility that, in species-rich forests, high- and low-quality litter decomposition play opposite but dynamically complementary roles in renewing POM\u2014both by inducing its decomposition and formation\u2014while exclusively favoring MAOM formation, which can help explain how differences in litter quality favor SOC accumulation and persistence. Global change factors that shift plant community composition may ultimately affect the fate of soil C, as changes in litter quality may force soil transitions from sinks to sources or sources to sinks of atmospheric CO2.", "keywords": ["complementary effect", "species-rich forests", "13C-labelled tree litter", "isotope tracer field experiment", "15. Life on land", "Priming effect", "litter-quality", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lyu, Maokui, Homyak, Peter, Xie, Jinsheng, Pe\u00f1uelas, Josep, Ryan, Michael, Xiong, Xiaoling, Sardans, Jordi, Lin, Weisheng, Wang, Minhuang, Chen, Guangshui, Yang, Yusheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw23", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-13", "title": "Data from: Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests", "description": "unspecified# Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests We searched the Web of Science Database for peer-reviewed papers prior to February 22, 2023, using \u201cretention\u201d and \u201cN-15\u201d as the keywords. The following criteria were applied to filter the peer-reviewed papers: (1) Selection of 15N tracer experiments in forest ecosystems conducted in the field, excluding laboratory incubation or greenhouse experiments; (2) Selection of the absolute value of 15N retention obtained from the 15N tracer experiment, excluding the relative value; (3) Selection of 15N tracer experiments including N addition treatments, excluding other treatments such as fire, phosphorus (P) addition, potassium addition, etc. Due to limited data on litter layers and understory vegetation components (i.e., shrubs, herbs, and grasses), the 15N retention of litter layers was combined into organic soil 15N retention. Within the entire forest ecosystem, the 15N retention of understory vegetation was not consider, focusing instead on the 15N allocation among different plant organs (i.e., leaves, branches, stems, roots). Ultimately, 408 observations were obtained from 56 peer-reviewed papers, totaling 62 sites and 92 site-years. The study sites were distributed across North America (25 sites), Europe (14 sites), Asia (14 sites), South America (3 sites), Oceania (4 sites), and Africa (2 sites), covering tropical forests (5 sites), subtropical forests (10 sites), temperate forests (42 sites), and boreal forests (5 sites). Raw data for 15N retention of different ecosystem compartments were obtained from tables, figures, results, or supplementary information in the peer-reviewed papers. When data were presented in figures, specific values were extracted using Getdata software 2.22 (GetData, Kogarah, NSW, AUS). Note: N_retention_data_v2 is based on N_retention_data_v1, with the addition of raw data. 'XX' in the 'forest_type' and '15N_tracer_type' sheets represents the 15N retention in different ecosystem compartments (i.e., plant, leaf, branch, stem, root, soil, organic soil, mineral soil, and total ecosystem).\u00a0'XX_n' in the 'forest_type' and '15N_tracer_type' sheets represents the sample size of 'XX'.\u00a0'XX_mean' in the 'forest_type' and '15N_tracer_type' sheets represents the mean value of 'XX'.\u00a0'XX_se' in the 'forest_type' and '15N_tracer_type' sheet represents the standard error of the mean value of 'XX'. 'NA' in the 'raw_data' sheet represents unavailable observed data. 'MAT_CRU' and 'MAP_CRU' columns of the 'raw_data' sheet indicate that the missing values in the references are extracted from the CRU.", "keywords": ["ammonium", "nitrogen retention", "15N tracer", "plant organs", "nitrate", "nitrogen allocation", "Forest", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lin, Quanhong, Zhu, Jianxing, Wang, Qiufeng, Zhang, Qiongyu, Yu, Guirui,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw23"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw23", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw23", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw23"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-03", "title": "Carbon sequestration in intact rare ecosystems and their encroaching forests (Michigan, USA)", "description": "unspecifiedRising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are impacting global temperatures, ecological systems, and human societies. Natural carbon sequestration through the conservation of soil and native ecosystems may slow or reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, and thus slow or mitigate the rate of global warming. Most of the research investigating carbon sequestration in natural systems occurs in forested ecosystems, however rare ecosystems such as coastal plain marshes and wet-mesic sand prairie collectively may serve as significant carbon sinks. Our objectives were to measure and assess the importance of carbon sequestration in three rare ecosystems (oak-pine barrens, coastal plain marsh, and wet-mesic sand prairie) in western Lower Michigan. We measured carbon in standing vegetation, dead organic matter, and soils within each ecosystem and adjacent encroaching forested areas. Driven by tree carbon, total carbon stocks in encroaching areas were greater than in intact rare ecosystems. Soil organic carbon was greater in all intact ecosystems, though only significantly so in coastal plain marsh.\u00a0 Principal components analysis explained 72% of the variation and revealed differences between intact ecosystems and their encroaching areas. Linear models using the ratio of red to green light reflectance successfully predicted SOC in intact coastal plain marsh and wet-mesic sand prairie. Our results infer the importance of these rare ecosystems in sequestering carbon in soils and support the need to establish federal or state management practices for the conservation of these systems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "rare ecosystems", "coastal plain marsh", "Climate change", "oak-pine barrens", "FOS: Natural sciences", "wet-mesic sand prairie"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Woller-Skar, Meg, Locher, Alexandra, Audia, Ellen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mks", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil microbes respond to four-year warming and precipitation alteration", "description": "unspecifiedSoil temperature and moisture were automatically monitored by 5-TM probe sensors at the soil depth of 5 cm with an EM-to data logger (Meter, Inc., Pullman, WA, USA) in each plot.\u00a0 Soil aerobic respiration (soil CO2 flux) was automatically measured once an hour by the LI-8150 Multiplexer composed of LI -8100-104 long-term chambers (Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) and a LI-8100 Automated soil CO2 flux system (Wang et al., 2014). As for soil CH4 fluxes, gas samples were collected from all plots twice or three times per month between 9:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. on sunny days (Qi et al., 2021). Specifically, a stainless steel collar was inserted 10 cm into the soil in each plot and a static opaque chamber (40 cm in length \u00b4 40 cm in width \u00b4 40 cm in height) was used to collect gas samples from soil at this site (Yuan et al., 2021). At each measurement, 60 mL gas sample was collected in each plot and analyzed within 24 hours using gas chromatography (Agilent 7890A; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) to present a one-day average flux. Similar with soil CH4 fluxes, ecosystem C fluxes were also measured twice or three times per month between 9:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. on sunny days (Qi et al., 2021). We used a LI-6400 infrared gas analyzer (LI-COR, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) with a transparent chamber (0.4 m in length \u00d7 0.4 m in width \u00d7 0.6 m in height) to measure net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Ecosystem respiration (ER) was measured by using the similar method with the transparent chamber covered by an opaque cloth. Gross ecosystem production (GEP) was estimated as the difference between NEE and ER (Qi et al., 2021). In this study, the more negative NEE represents more CO2 sequestration by terrestrial ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil microbes", "Global warming", "15. Life on land", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi, Qi, Zhao, Jianshu, Tian, Renmao, Zeng, Yufei, Xie, Changyi, Gao, Qun, Dai, Tianjiao, Wang, Hao, He, Jin-Sheng, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, Yang, Yunfeng, Zhou, Jizhong, Guo, Xue,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mks"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mks", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mks", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mks"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rf9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:33Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-28", "title": "Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil", "description": "unspecifiedFungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil [Access this dataset on Dryad] (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rf9) A drought simulation experiment was conducted on a poplar plantations in Jiangsu, China. In this study, the precipitation input was controlled by the rain canopy to simulate different drought conditions. We established three treatments, including a control without throughfall reduction (CK); moderate treatment with a 30% throughfall reduction (D30%); and intensive treatment with a 50% throughfall reduction (D50%). Each treatment was set up with three replicates for a total of nine plots. Soil samples were extracted from all nine plots in 2021 (January in Winter, April in Spring, July in Summer, and October in Autumn). The soil samples collected for each plot are divided into 0-15cm topsoil and 15-30cm subsoil. We measured the content of microbial necromass in these soil samples as well as soil properties. Based on these data, we analyzed the ecological correlations between soil depth, drought intensity, soil properties and microbial necromass. ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset showed the raw data we used in the manuscript. [Treatments] CK means soil samples without throughfall removal, D30% means soil samples with 30% throughfall removal, and D50% implies soil samples with 50% throughfall removal. [Variables] Temp means soil temperature, Mois means soil moisture, FNC means fungal necromass carbon , BNC means beterial necromass carbon and TNC means total necromass carbon. The TNC=FNC+BNC. [Seasons] Win: Winter (January, 2021); Spr: Spring (April, 2021); Sum: Summer (July, 2021); Aut: Auntumn (October, 2021). *These data is aggregated in an Excel file that can be accessed and observed in the corresponding tabs. ## Code/Software This data file can be opened and accessed using Microsoft Excel.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "fungal necromass", "13. Climate action", "soil depth", "bacterial necromass", "15. Life on land", "throughfall removal", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Yuwei, Zou, Xiaoming, Chen, Han, Baquerizo, Manuel Delgado, Wang, Cuiting, Zhang, Chen, Ruan, Honghua,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rf9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rf9", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rf9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rf9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm31", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:33Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Local temperature increases reduce soil microbial residues and carbon stocks", "description": "Warming is known to reduce soil carbon (C) stocks by promoting microbial respiration, which is associated with the decomposition of microbial residue C (MRC). However, the relative contribution of MRC to soil organic C (SOC) across temperature gradients\u00a0is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of MRC to SOC along two independent elevation gradients\u00a0of our model system (i.e., the Tibetan Plateau and Shennongjia Mountain in China). Our results showed that local temperature increases were negatively correlated with MRC and SOC. Further analyses revealed that rising temperature reduced SOC via decreasing MRC,\u00a0which helps to explain future reductions in SOC under climate warming. Our findings\u00a0demonstrate that climate warming has the potential to reduce C sequestration\u00a0by increasing\u00a0the decomposition\u00a0of MRC, exacerbating the positive feedback between rising temperature and CO2\u00a0efflux. Our study also considered the influence of multiple environmental factors such as soil pH and moisture, which were more important in controlling SOC than microbial traits such as microbial life-style strategies and metabolic efficiency. Together, our work suggests an important mechanism underlying long-term soil C sequestration, which has important implications for the microbial-mediated C process in the face of global climate change.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zeng, Xiao-Min, Feng, Jiao, Yu, Dai-Lin, Wen, Shu-Hai, Zhang, Qianggong, Huang, Qiaoyun, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Liu, Yu-Rong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm31"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm31", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm31", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm31"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.gtht76hqs", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:34Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil microbial biomass C, N in biocrust: A meta-analysis", "description": "The biological soil crust (biocrust) has many crucial ecological functions in dryland ecosystems. Differentiation of soil microbial biomass in different ecosystems\u2019 biocrust under various climatic and soil conditions remains unknown, restricting our knowledge of biocrust microbiomes regulating terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling globally. We selected 255 paired observations from 45 global study sites for meta-analysis to quantify the effect of biocrust type, soil texture, and ecosystem type on soil microbial biomass in biocrust and identify the underlying impact factors. The results showed that biocrust had significantly higher soil microbial carbon and nitrogen contents (SMBC and SMBN, respectively) than bare (non-crust) soil (P < 0.05). Biocrust also significantly increased total nitrogen (TN) (143.68%), soil organic carbon (SOC) and TN ratio (C: N) (9.93%), and soil water content (SWC) (60.18%), and decreased pH (0.72%) (P < 0.05). Overall, the SMBC significantly differed between biocrust type, ecosystem type, and soil texture (P < 0.05). Compared with other biocrust types, lichen crust had the strongest positive effect on SMBC (822.48%). Grassland ecosystems had stronger positive effects on SMBC in biocrust than forest ecosystems, and sand and sandy loam soils had higher SMBC in biocrust than loam soils. Notably, altitude drives the positive effects of biocrust on SMBN and the negative effects of biocrust on SMBC and SMBC and SMBN ratio (SMBC: SMBN). Mean annual temperature (MAT) positively affected SMBC based on regression analysis. Further analysis revealed that SMBC and SMBN positively correlated with SOC, C: N, SWC, and urease activity and negatively correlated with pH. The random forest analysis confirmed that SOC, C: N, and altitude could be considered determinants of SMBC, SMBN, and SMBC: SMBN, respectively. Climatic factors and soil nutrients differently affected soil microbial biomass C, N and their ratio in biocrust. The high contribution of lichen crust to SMBC should be incorporated into regional and global models to predict the effects of climate change on soil carbon budgets in ecosystems worldwide.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tian, Chang", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hqs"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.gtht76hqs", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.gtht76hqs", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hqs"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqc0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:36Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium-pathway than through the root-pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["roots", "SOC sequestration", "ectomycorrhizal mycelia", "Alpine forests", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "alpine forests", "6. Clean water", "N deposition", "Ectomycorrhizal mycelia", "Natural sciences", "microbial C pump", "Microbial C pump", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhu, Xiaomin, Zhang, Ziliang, Wang, Qitong, Pe\u00f1uelas, Josep, Sardans, Jordi, Li, Na, Liu, Qing, Yin, Huajun, Liu, Zhanfeng, Lambers, Hans,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqc0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqc0", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqc0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqc0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.mgqnk992r", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:36Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta-analysis", "description": "To improve our understanding of clearing natural ecosystems for cropland on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands, we searched for related peer-reviewed research papers published from 1980 to 2022 on the Web of Science (https://www.webofscience.com) and the Scopus Database (https://www.scopus.com) (accessed on 30th April 2022). Then, we screened papers for integrity, relevance, and scientific merit under the following criteria: (1) We made sure all studies were independent and based on field-measured data; (2) Each study had to report paired SOC stocks of cropland and adjacent natural ecosystems with the same or a similar suite of environmental factors; (3) Studies need to explicitly present results on SOC stocks or concentrations for certain depths and areas; (4) Studies have specified the types of natural ecosystems that were converted to cropland, which are used as criteria for defining CNEC types. Finally, we winnowed results to a total of 159 scientific journal articles, comprising 242 sites with 1379 paired soil layer observations from 601 paired soil profiles.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "meta-analysis", "drylands", "13. Climate action", "cropland", "15. Life on land", "Clearing natural ecosystems", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Yuangang, Luo, Geping, Li, Chaofan, Ye, Hui, Shi, Haiyang, Fan, Binbin, Zhang, Wenqiang, Zhang, Chen, Xie, Mingjuan, Zhang, Yu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mgqnk992r"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.mgqnk992r", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.mgqnk992r", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.mgqnk992r"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:36Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Changing plant species composition and richness benefit soil carbon sequestration under climate warming", "description": "Anthropogenic warming and land-use change are expected to accelerate global soil organic carbon (SOC) losses and change plant species composition and richness. However, how changes in plant composition and species richness mediate SOC responses to climate warming and land-use change remains poorly understood. Using data from a 7-year warming and clipping field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we examined the direct effects of warming and clipping on SOC storage versus their indirect effects mediated by plant functional type and species richness. We found that warming significantly increased SOC storage by 8.1% and clipping decreased it by 6.4%, which was closely correlated with the corresponding response of below-ground net primary productivity (BNPP). We also found a negative correlation between SOC storage and species richness, which was ascribed to the increased BNPP via enhancing the dominance of grasses and decreasing species richness under warming. The lower SOC storage under clipping was caused by the clipping-induced decrease in BNPP via weakening the dominance of grasses and increasing species richness. Our findings highlight that the SOC storage in this alpine meadow under climate warming and clipping was primarily governed by BNPP, which was mediated by changes in the dominance of grasses and species richness. Overall, our study demonstrates that shifting to the dominance of grasses and changing species richness would benefit soil C sequestration under climate warming, but this positive effect would be dampened by grazing or hay harvest.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "dominant functional type", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "species richness", "FOS: Natural sciences", "climate warming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yan, Yingjie, Niu, Shuli, He, Yicheng, Wang, Song, Song, Lei, Peng, Jinlong, Chen, Xinli, Quan, Quan, Meng, Cheng, Zhou, Qingping, Wang, Jinsong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frbh", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Root functional traits determine the magnitude of the rhizosphere priming effect among eight tree species", "description": "Rhizosphere priming effect\u00a0can accelerate or decelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter.\u00a0Using a natural abundance 13C tracer method allowing partitioning of native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and plant rhizosphere respiration, we studied the effects of eight tree species on the strength of the rhizosphere priming. All tree species enhanced the rate of SOC decomposition, by 82% on average.\u00a0Mean diameter of first-order roots and root exudate-derived respiration were positively correlated with the RPE, together explaining a large part of the observed variation in the RPE (R2 = 0.72), whereas root branching density was negatively associated with the RPE. Path analyses further suggested that mean diameter of first-order roots was the main driver of the RPE owing to its positive direct effect on the RPE and its indirect effects via root exudate-derived respiration and root branching density. These results demonstrate that the magnitude of the RPE is regulated by complementary aspects of root morphology, architecture and physiology, implying that comprehensive approaches are needed to reveal the multiple mechanisms driving plant effects on the RPE.", "keywords": ["13C natural abundance", "Plant functional traits", "rhizosphere priming effect", "Fine roots", "15. Life on land", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chao, Lin, Liu, Yanyan, Zhang, Weidong, Wang, Qingkui, Guan, Xin, Yang, Qingpeng, Chen, Longchi, Zhang, Jianbing, Hu, Baoqing, Liu, Zhanfeng, Wang, Silong, Freschet, Gr\u00e9goire T.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frbh"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frbh", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frbh", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frbh"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Divergent responses of grassland productivity and plant diversity to intra-annual precipitation variability across climate regions: A global synthesis", "description": "Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle and may result in changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation events. Although the effects of changes in precipitation amount and inter-annual precipitation variability on terrestrial plant productivity and carbon sequestration have been well studied, how intra-annual precipitation variability affects terrestrial ecosystem function remains unclear. Here, we synthesized field manipulative experiments from 71 publications to quantify the effects of intra-annual precipitation variability increases (IPVI) on community biomass and plant diversity in grasslands worldwide. \u00a0At the global scale, we found that IPVI generally increased grassland community aboveground biomass (AGB) by 6%, and decreased grass biomass and soil ammonium nitrogen by 12% and 31%, respectively. IPVI stimulated AGB, belowground biomass, and plant species richness in arid regions, but not changed them in humid regions. Changes in AGB under IPVI were related to changes in the biomass of plant functional groups, species richness, and soil moisture. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that that climate conditions (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation) and background soil properties (soil sand content and soil organic carbon content) jointly regulated grassland AGB responses to IPVI across climate types. Synthesis: Overall, our study shows that grassland productivity and diversity may increase under IPVI in arid climates, and that humid grasslands may be highly resistant to the effects of IPVI. These findings have important implications for understanding ecosystem carbon cycling under global precipitation change scenarios.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "meta-analysis", "13. Climate action", "soil properties", "intra-annual precipitation variability increase", "15. Life on land", "grassland", "species richness", "aboveground biomass", "Soil water availability", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Su, Jishuai, Zhang, Yi, Xu, Fengwei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9bc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.z08kprrnc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:40Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-04-19", "title": "Data from: Water level drawdown induces a legacy effect on the seed bank and retains sediment chemistry in a eutrophic clay wetland", "description": "Open Access2.1 Study site The study was conducted in Oostvaardersplassen in the Netherlands (coordinates: 52.456857, 5.355935). This eutrophic clay wetland of about 5600 ha consists of a 3600 ha marsh and a 2000 ha dryer border zone. This study took place in the marsh part. The marsh is characterized by large water bodies, reed vegetation and willow forests. Oostvaardersplassen is part of the polder Zuidelijk Flevoland, which is located in the former Zuiderzee estuary, a marine habitat (see van Leeuwen et al., 2021 for a detailed description). For water safety reasons the decision was made to separate the inland Zuiderzee from the North Sea through the construction of a dike, named the Afsluitdijk. After completion of the construction and within five years, the Zuiderzee transformed into a freshwater lake, IJsselmeer. In this freshwater lake, several polders were established to create land for agriculture; Zuidelijk Flevoland was reclaimed in 1968. Since Oostvaardersplassen is located in, what was then, the lowest part of the polder, it remained wet during the first years after reclamation and no actions were taken to develop this area into the industrial site as it was planned to be (Cornelissen et al., 2014). The marine clay soil and its associated high nutrient concentrations (eutrophic) in combination with the unmanaged and wet conditions, led nature to develop quickly. This made the area into an important breeding and resting area for many wetland birds and therefore became a protected wetland nature reserve in 1974. In 1989 it became a protected area within the European Bird directive and under the Ramsar agreement. Additionally, it was qualified as a Natura 2000 area in 2009. Later on, the relatively high water levels at the end of winter, due to the height of the weir, in combination with high grazing pressure by moulting greylag geese (Anser anser) from May to July, resulted in the loss of reed cover (Phragmites australis) (Vulink and Van Eerden, 1998). This in turn resulted in decreasing bird numbers due to lower food and habitat availability (Beemster et al., 2010). To restore reed-dominated wetlands and to increase food and habitat availability for birds, a complete multi-year water level drawdown was induced in the western part of the marsh from 1987 till 1991\u00a0(Vulink and Van Eerden, 1998). The eastern part was hydrologically separated from the western part by a low dike\u00a0and water levels and dynamics remained unchanged in this area. The implemented water level drawdown resulted in the development of c. 600 ha of reed-dominated vegetation in the western part, after which typical wetland birds, e.g., bearded reedling (Paranrus biarmicus), marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris), increased in numbers (Beemster et al., 2012; Vulink and Van Eerden, 1998). The study area experiences seasonal variation in water level, but lacks long-term dynamics in water level that would be caused by extreme climatological periods. As the marsh is rainwater fed, natural water level dynamics occur with a high water level at the end of winter (March) and low levels at the end of summer (September;). The surplus of water in winter leaves the marsh via a weir. The average difference in water level between summer and winter is approximately 30 cm. During \u2018dry\u2019 summers the water level can drop 50 cm at the end of the growing season. Due to both the climate conditions in combination with the height of the weir, set as to pertain high water levels in the reed beds during late winter and spring, these naturally occurring \u2018dry\u2019 summers did not result in enough mudflat exposure throughout the area to allow extensive marsh recovery. At the time of sampling, both the water level drawdown and the non-water level drawdown area were characterized by a sharp border between vegetation and open water. The vegetation on the shores was similar in both areas and dominated by Phragmites australis, Salix spp. and, to a lesser extent, Convolvulus spp.. At drier sites, with greater proximity to the lake, Urtica dioica and Carduus spp. were present in higher abundances.\u00a0The shores of the lake, that sometimes fall dry during dry summers, are colonized quickly by species among which Tephroseris palustris (also known as Senecio congestus), Epilobium hirsutum and Ranunculus sceleratus. 2.2 Experimental design We examined the legacy effects of a water level drawdown, a water level gradient and water level fluctuations on seed bank germination and nutrient availability using field sampling and mesocosm experiment. The unique field situation consisting of areas with and without a water level drawdown history allows to explore legacy effects on seed bank properties (Part 1.1) and nutrient availability (Part 2.1). This approach focusses on the long-term effects of inducing a four-year water level drawdown, in this case 30 years after the event, by sampling 20 locations in each subarea that have been inundated since the last water level drawdown. In addition, soil samples have been taken in these two hydrologically distinct areas, along a water level gradient that is dictated by elevational differences of about 20 cm. With this approach, we used the elevational gradient to distinguish between higher locations, that would fall dry more often due to for example dry summers, and lower locations. The latter had not fallen dry for 30 years in case of the water level drawdown area and 50 years in case of the non\u2013water level drawdown area. By taking soil samples on 7 (germination) or 5 (nutrient) locations along this water level gradient, we were able to research how changes in water level alter seed bank properties (Part 2.1) and nutrient availability (Part 2.2) on a smaller seasonal time scale. In addition to the above two sampling campaigns, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study the effects of water level on germination (Part 3.1) and nutrient availability (Part 3.2) . With this approach it was possible to determine effects of a specified water level (inundated, saturated, dry) on an even smaller time scale of weeks/months and how such a response might be influenced by events in the past, in this case drawdown history.\u00a0 2.2.1 Part 1: Water level drawdown history To investigate the legacy effects of a previously induced water level drawdown on the seed bank (part 1.1) and on nutrient availability (part 1.2), we compared seed bank properties (density, diversity, species composition) and sediment nutrient concentrations between an area with water level drawdown history and an area without. For the method on sediment nutrient concentrations we would like to refer to the section on water level gradient (2.2.2) for field sampling and lab protocols. 2.2.1.1 Seed bank properties (part 1.1) We collected sediment samples from both areas in Oostvaardersplassen in June 2021, when both areas were still inundated. To cover the spatial heterogeneity of the area, 40 locations were sampled. 20 Sample points were located in the area that was continuously inundated for 50 years (non-water level drawdown history, n = 20) and 20 in the area that had undergone a water level drawdown from 1987 till 1991 and was subsequently inundated for 30 years (water level drawdown history, n = 20). In June 2021, we took ten sediment cores of 23.8 cm2 (diameter = 5.5 cm) to a depth of 10 cm and pooled the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm depth in separate plastic bags at each location (Verhofstad et al., 2017). The bags were stored in the dark at 4\u00b0C for approximately one month to allow seed stratification, after which the sediment was sieved (mesh width: 150 \u00b5m) and the residue, containing the seeds, was spread across a tray (37\u00d727 cm) containing sediment for propagation and germination (Lensli substrates; pH = ~5.3; electrical conductivity = ~0.5mS/cm). The trays were placed in a greenhouse with supplementary light from 6:00-22:00h so that light conditions on plant level corresponded with 250 \u03bcmol.m2/s. The temperature in the greenhouse was on average 21\u00b0C between 6:00-22:00 and 16\u00b0C between 22:00-6:00. The relative humidity (Rh) in the greenhouse was on average 60% (-5/+5%). To ensure optimal sediment moisture, the trays were watered at least once a week with rainwater. The germinating plants were then identified to species level and removed afterwards. This was done to minimize possible competition effects between seedlings. Unidentified plants were transferred from the trays to individual pots, providing the space for them to grow and/or flower until their identification could be determined. When germination stopped, the sediment was mixed to allow seeds deeper in the sediment to germinate. The trays were kept in the greenhouse until germination stopped again, which lasted up to 5 months. 2.2.2 Part 2: Water level gradient To determine how a water level gradient, induced through a gradient in soil elevation of around 20 cm, affects seed bank properties (density, diversity, species composition; Part 2.1) and nutrient availability (part 2.2), we collected sediment samples in the field. Sample collection occurred at seven locations (seed bank) and five locations (nutrient availability) along four transects perpendicular to the border of the reed vegetation. The indicated direction was chosen to cover differences in soil elevation, with locations on a relatively higher elevation falling dry more often due to small fluctuations in the water level and locations on a lower elevation falling dry less often. 2.2.2.1 Seed bank properties (part 2.1) To assess how a water level gradient alters seed bank properties, we collected sediment samples in June 2021 along four transects, each consisting of seven sampling points (n = 28). The sampling points cover a gradient of soil elevation, where the locations indicated by a 1 are located at the highest elevation, and thus fall dry the most, while locations indicated by a higher number (2-7) are decreasing in soil elevation and thus fall dry less often or never. Each transect covered around 777.5 \u00b1 418.7 meter. Two transects were located in the area without water level drawdown history and two in the area with water level drawdown history. The sampling and germination protocol was identical to the one described in section 2.2.1. 2.2.2.2 Nutrient availability (part 2.2) To examine how a water level gradient affect nutrient availability, sediment samples were collected along four transects (different from the transects in 2.2.2.1) in November 2021. Each transect consists of five sampling points that were sampled in duplicate (n = 40). The sampling points cover a gradient of soil elevation, where the locations indicated by a 1 are located at the highest elevation, and thus fall dry the most, while locations indicated by a higher number (2-5) are decreasing in soil elevation and thus fall dry less often or never. Each transect covered around 237.5 \u00b1 17.9 meter. Two transects were situated in the area without water level drawdown history and two in the area with water level drawdown history. At each sampling location, four sediment cores of 23.8 cm2 (diameter = 5.5 cm) to a depth of 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm were collected for pore-water extraction and one sediment core of 23.8 cm2 (diameter = 5.5 cm) to a depth of 0-10 and 20-30 cm was collected for sediment nutrient analyses. Soil elevation measurements were conducted with a dGPS (Topcon, HiPer SR). At each location, we took three measurements which were averaged. Pore-water extraction was initiated in the lab on the same day as sediment collection and collected the next morning. Pore-water samples were extracted using vacuum syringes attached to rhizons (Rhizon SMS; Rhizosphere Research Products; Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, The Netherlands). The pore-water was analyzed for pH, alkalinity (Metrohm, 877 Titrino plus), total inorganic carbon (TIC; infrared carbon Analyser, IRGA; ABB Analytical, Frankfurt, Germany) and nutrient concentrations. Sediment samples were analyzed on water content, bulk density loss of ignition (LOI; proxy for organic matter content) and bioavailable phosphorus and NH4+ and NO3-. The elaborated method can be found in the supplementary material S1. Nitrite (NO2-) concentrations were barely detectable and therefore left out of the analysis. 2.2.3 Part 3: Water level fluctuations Experimental setup To unravel how water level influences germination (part 3.1) and nutrient availability (part 3.2), we performed a mesocosm experiment with different water levels on intact sediment cores from sites with and without water level drawdown history from Oostvaardersplassen. The different water levels reflect the different stages the system goes through during the first phase (drying) of a water level drawdown cycle: (1) Dry, the water level was 20 cm below sediment surface level (\u2018dry\u2019 for brevity), (2) saturated, the water level was equal to the sediment surface level (\u2018saturated\u2019 for brevity), and (3) wet, the water level was eight cm above sediment surface level (\u2018wet\u2019 for brevity). The experiment ran for eight consecutive weeks in which each core experienced one of the water level treatments (inundated, saturated or dry) following Vonk et al. (2017). In November 2020, intact sediment cores were collected from Oostvaardersplassen at ten locations that were inundated. Half of these locations were situated in an area with a water level drawdown history (n = 5, water level = 13.8 +/- 3.9 cm), while the other half were situated in a continuously inundated area (n = 5, water level = 17 +/- 5.4 cm). At each location, four sediment cores with a diameter of 16 cm and a depth of 40 cm were collected by pressing a PVC-tube in the sediment and sealing it with a cap on the bottom. Three of the intact cores for each location were placed in a climate room for an acclimation period of six days, after which the experiment started. The cores were placed in the climate room with a temperature regime of 20\u00b0C from 6:00-22:00 and 15\u00b0C from 22:00-6:00. The average humidity in the climate chamber was 45% and the average light conditions at sediment level were 554 \u03bcmol.m2/s (LI-COR LI-250 photometer) with 16 hours light and 8 hours dark. The cores were placed using a randomized block design (n = 5), each block consisted of six sediment cores. The treatments were applied by drilling holes in the PVC-tube at the corresponding water level treatment height (-20 cm, 0 cm, +8 cm relative to the sediment height). To regulate the water level in the core, we placed the PVC-tube in a larger water-proof PVC-core (diameter = 20 cm, length = 50 cm). Water collected from the Oostvaardersplassen was used to initiate the treatments. During the experiment, water was replenished till treatment level with rainwater (pH = 5.18, alkalinity = 0.33 mEQ/L). The fourth core was used to determine sediment nutrient starting conditions by taking two sediment samples of 40 cm deep (23.8 cm2) after which it was split in two sections of 10 cm (0-10, 20-30). The two sediment samples from the sediment core were pooled per location and per depth and stored in the freezer at -20\u00b0C until further analyses. The same analysis protocol was used as in approach 2 (section 2.2.2.2). 2.2.3.1 Seed bank properties(part 3.1) Through the use of intact soil cores in an experimental setup, we could identify possible environmental filters that would exert selection on the type of plants that were able to germinate during different phases of a water level drawdown cycle. During the 8-week experiment, the mesocosms were checked weekly for plant germination. Germinated plants were counted and identified to species level if possible. Plants were not removed during the experiment. 2.2.3.2 Nutrient availability (part 3.2) The experimental setup allowed us to assess how a certain water level regime impacts nutrient availability in the system, in this case, we selected three water levels to mimic different phases of the water level drawdown cycle. By monitoring these changes it would be possible to identify possible nutrient depletion in the system upon repeated water level drawdown implementation. Nutrient concentrations were determined in both the pore-water and the sediment. To collect pore-water samples during the experiment, rhizons (Rhizon SMS; Rhizosphere Research Products; Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, The Netherlands) were installed in the sediment core at a depth of 10 cm and a vacuum syringe could be attached to extract pore-water. This was done at the start of the experiment (day 0), and repeated five times on day 7, 14, 21, 35 and 56. Pore-water samples were analyzed in the same way as in approach 2. At the end of the experiment, sediment samples were taken from the sediment cores at two different depths (0-10 cm and 20-30 cm) following the same sampling strategy as at the start of the experiment. These samples were stored in the freezer at -20\u00b0C until further analyses, following the analysis protocol as described in approach 2 (section 2.2.2.2). 2.3 Statistical analyses Data were analyzed in RStudio version 4.0.3 (R Core Team, 2023). For all hypotheses testing procedures the significance level was set at \u03b1 = 0.05. All data are shown with their average \u00b1 standard deviation (sd). Part 1: Water level drawdown history Part 1.1 Seed bank properties To determine the effect of water level drawdown history (Yes or No) on mean Shannon-Wiener diversity, mean species richness, and mean germination densities (log transformed), we used mixed linear models from the GlmmTMB package (Mollie et al., 2017), using location ID as a random effect. Differences in the total sum of germinated individuals between the water level drawdown and non-water level drawdown area were tested using a Chi-Square test. Shannon-Wiener diversity was calculated using the \u2018vegan package\u2019 (Oksanen et al., 2022). To assess the effect of water level drawdown history on species composition a permanova analysis with a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index was used, in combination with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) (vegan package: Oksanen et al., 2022). Part 1.2 Nutrient availability To determine the effect of water level drawdown history and sampling depth (independent variables) on the nutrient availability (dependent variables) along the transect survey (method section 2.2.2.2), we used mixed linear models from the GlmmTMB package (Mollie et al., 2017). The model was performed for both the sediment- and the pore-water nutrient concentrations. Location ID was used as a random effect to correct for the duplicate measurements. Tukey-adjusted comparisons were done using \u201cemmeans\u201d (Russell, 2022). Normality and heterogeneity of the residuals of the models were assessed using histograms, and transformed if necessary. Additionally, we used the nutrient starting concentrations from the experimental water level experiment (part 3) to determine differences in nutrient concentrations due to the water level drawdown history. To determine the effect of water level drawdown history (independent variable) on nutrient availability (dependent variables), we used mixed linear models from the GlmmTMB package (Mollie et al., 2017). Starting nutrient concentrations (day 0; field conditions) were used as the dependent variable. Field location ID was used as a random effect to correct for samples taken at the same location. Part 2: Water level gradient Part 2.1 Seed bank properties To determine the best fit of the relation between germination and distance to the reed border, we compared the AIC of linear, parabolic, hyperbolic and exponential decay functions. An \u0394AIC \u2265 2 was used to differentiate models ( \u2018stats\u2019 package (R Core Team, 2023). To assess the effect of water level drawdown history and location along soil elevation gradient on species composition, a permanova analysis with a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index was used in combination with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) (Oksanen et al., 2022). To determine differences in Shannon-Wiener diversity, species richness and germination densities (dependent variables) along the transect survey (location within transect as independent variable), we used mixed linear models from the GlmmTMB package with location ID as a random effect (Mollie et al., 2017). Species richness was fitted with a Poisson distribution. This approach was done separately for the water level drawdown and the non-water level drawdown area. Tukey-adjusted comparisons were done using \u201cemmeans\u201d (Russell, 2022). Shannon-Wiener diversity was calculated using the \u2018vegan package\u2019 (Oksanen et al., 2022). Differences in the sum of germinated individuals per location along the water level gradient were tested using a Chi-Square test. Part 2.2 Nutrient availability To test for differences in nutrient availability along the elevational gradient of current water level fluctuations in the transect survey, we performed Spearman correlations. The Spearman correlations were done between nutrient concentration as the dependent variable and elevation in meters NAP as the independent variable. Part 3: Water level fluctuations Part 3.1: Seed bank properties Due to the low germination rate, no statistical analysis were performed on seed bank properties in relation to any of the water level treatments. Part 3.2: Nutrient availability To determine the effect of water level treatment (independent variable) on nutrient availability (dependent variables), we used mixed linear models from the GlmmTMB package (Mollie et al., 2017). Nutrient concentrations from the end of the experiment (day 56) were used as dependent variable. Nutrient starting concentrations were used as a covariate into the model and the blocking factor was used as a random effect. Additionally, nutrient concentrations were tested for changes over time during the eight-week experiment using mixed linear models from the GlmmTMB package (Mollie et al., 2017). Nutrient concentrations were used as the dependent variable, the blocking factor was used as a covariate in the model and date was used as the independent variable. To test for differences among the independent variables, Tukey-adjusted comparisons were done using \u201cemmeans\u201d for all models (Russell, 2022). All models were fitted with a Gaussian-error distribution. Normality and heterogeneity of the residuals of the models were assessed using histograms, and were transformed if necessary. For more details we would like to refer to\u00a0Figure 1 in the related manuscript.", "keywords": ["fluctuating water level", "nutrients", "Seedlings", "Wetlands", "seedlings", "Fluctuating water level", "Nutrients", "mesocosms", "natural sciences", "Mesocosms", "FOS: Natural sciences", "wetlands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrnc"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.z08kprrnc", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.z08kprrnc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrnc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:39Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-06-28", "title": "Tree biomass does not correlate with soil carbon stocks in forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway", "description": "Due to climate warming, forests are expanding to higher elevations and latitudes at the expense of tundra vegetation. While the subsequent increase in aboveground biomass is well-documented, there is much speculation regarding the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. To provide insight into the consequences of tree encroachment into treeless tundra, we sampled SOC stocks across 36 forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway. Our results show that SOC stocks vary greatly within, as well as among treeline ecotones, and that SOC stocks do not correlate with tree biomass and tree species. SOC stocks do increase with temperature, and vary with slope steepness, slope aspect, and soil parent material. Applying a \u2018space-for-time substitution\u2019 perspective, our findings suggest that tree encroachment into tundra is unlikely to have immediate consequences for SOC stocks.", "keywords": ["treeline", "13. Climate action", "Norway", "Forest-tundra ecotone", "boreal forest", "15. Life on land", "Tundra", "Soil carbon", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Devos, Claire C\u00e9line, Ohlson, Mikael, N\u00e6sset, Erik, Klanderud, Kari, Bollands\u00e5s, Ole Martin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmt3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jb4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:40Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability", "description": "Interactions between soil nitrogen (N) availability, fungal community composition, and soil organic matter (SOM) regulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in many forest ecosystems, but context dependency in these relationships has precluded general predictive theory. We found that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi with peroxidases decreased with increasing inorganic N availability across a natural inorganic N gradient in northern temperate forests, whereas ligninolytic fungal saprotrophs exhibited no response. Lignin-derived SOM and soil C were negatively correlated with ECM fungi with peroxidases and were positively correlated with inorganic N availability, suggesting decay of lignin-derived SOM by these ECM fungi reduced soil C storage. The correlations we observed link SOM decay in temperate forests to tradeoffs in tree N nutrition and ECM composition, and we propose SOM varies along a single continuum across temperate and boreal ecosystems depending upon how tree allocation to functionally distinct ECM taxa and environmental stress covary with soil N availability.", "keywords": ["15. Life on land", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Argiroff, William A., Zak, Donald R., Pellitier, Peter T., Upchurch, Rima A., Belke, Julia P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jb4"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jb4", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jb4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jb4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6078/D1DD85", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "DayCent simulations for California annual grasslands: Monthly data outputs", "description": "unspecifiedComposted manure and green waste amendments have been shown to increase net carbon (C) sequestration in rangeland soils and have been proposed as a means to help lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the effect of climate change on soil organic C (SOC) stocks and greenhouse gas emissions in rangelands is not well understood, and the viability of climate change mitigation strategies under future conditions is even less certain. We used a process-based biogeochemical model (DayCent) at a daily timestep to explore the long-term effects of potential future climate changes on C and greenhouse gas dynamics in annual grassland ecosystems. We then used the model to explore how the same ecosystems might respond to climate change following compost amendments to soils and determined the long-term viability of net SOC sequestration under changing climates. We simulated net primary productivity (NPP), SOC, and greenhouse gas fluxes across seven California annual grasslands with and without compost amendments. We drove the DayCent simulations with field data and with site-specific daily climate data from two Earth system models (CanESM2 and HadGEM-ES) and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) through 2100. Net primary productivity and SOC stocks in unamended and amended ecosystems were surprisingly insensitive to projected climate changes. A one-time amendment of compost to rangeland acted as a slow-release organic fertilizer and increased NPP by up to 390\u2013814 kg C ha-1 y-1 across sites. The amendment effect on NPP was not sensitive to Earth system model or emissions scenario and endured through the end of the century. Net SOC sequestration amounted to 1.96 \u00b1 0.02 Mg C ha-1 relative to unamended soils at the maximum amendment effect. Averaged across sites and scenarios, SOC sequestration peaked 22 \u00b1 1 years after amendment and declined but remained positive throughout the century. While compost stimulated nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, the cumulative net emissions (in CO2 equivalents) due to compost were far less than the amount of SOC sequestered. Compost amendments resulted in a net climate benefit of 69.6 \u00b1 0.5 Tg CO2e 20 \u00b1 1 years after amendment if applied to similar ecosystems across the state, amounting to 39% of California\u2019s rangeland. These results suggest that the biogeochemical benefits of a single amendment of compost to rangelands in California is insensitive to future climate change and could contribute to decadal-scale climate mitigation goals alongside emissions reductions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "compost", "HadGEM2-ES", "15. Life on land", "California", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "DayCent", "CanESM2", "RCP8.5", "13. 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