{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14039385", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Maps of topsoil (0-30 cm) properties of Tuscany (Italy)", "description": "Open AccessThe internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales. The topsoil (0-30 cm) properties maps are prepared to evaluate soil ecosystem services in SERENA/EJP-Soil and for applying SOC loss Cookbook and SOIL Loss Cookbook. In particular Soil Organic Carbon content map was directly considered as an application of SOC loss Cookbook (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13951265\u00a0Version 3). They are based on Tuscany Region soil database available at Geoscopio (https://www502.regione.toscana.it/geoscopio/pedologia.html) and on point soil data not freely available (Lamma Consortium). More information and requests to:\u00a0info@lamma.toscana.it. In accordance with the methodology reported in the Soil Organic Carbon Mapping Cookbook (Yigini et al., 2018), the following soil properties were mapped for all Tuscany Region: soil organic carbon content (dag/kg), soil organic carbon stock (t/ha), textural fractions (sand, silt and clay, USDA limits, dag/kg), rock fragments (vol/vol), pH in water, bulk density (g/cm3). They were obtained through Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) approach, based on correlations with numerous environmental factors and using Random Forest algorithm. All the maps have a 100 m spatial resolution.", "keywords": ["silt", "bulk density", "pH", "soil organic carbon content", "sand", "clay", "Grant n. 862695", "Digital Soil Mapping", "textural fractions", "Italy", "topsoil properties", "Tuscany", "soil organic carbon stock", "EJP-SOIL", "SERENA Project"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14039385"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14039385", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14039385", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14039385"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-31", "title": "Land Use And Management Effects On Soil Organic Matter Fractions In Rhodic Ferralsols And Haplic Arenosols In Bindura And Shamva Districts Of Zimbabwe", "description": "Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major attribute of soil quality that responds to land management activities which is also important in the regulation of global carbon (C) cycling. This study evaluated bulk soil C and nitrogen (N) contents and C and N dynamics in three soil organic matter (SOM) fractions separated by density. The study was based on three tillage systems on farmer managed experiments (conventional tillage (CT), ripping (RP), direct seeding (DS)) and adjacent natural forest (NF) in Haplic Arenosols (sandy) and Rhodic Ferralsols (clayey) of Zimbabwe. Carbon stocks were significantly larger in forests than tillage systems, being significantly lower in sandy soils (15 and 14\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01) than clayey soils (23 and 21\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01) at 0\u201310 and 10\u201330\u00a0cm respectively. Nitrogen content followed the same trend. At the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth, SOC stocks increased under CT, RP and DS by 0.10, 0.24, 0.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01\u00a0yr\u2212\u00a01 and 0.76, 0.54, 0.10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01\u00a0yr\u2212\u00a01 on sandy and clayey soils respectively over a four year period while N stocks decreased by 0.55, 0.40, 0.56\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 and 0.63, 0.65, 0.55\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 respectively. SOM fractions were dominated by mineral associated heavy fraction (MaHF) which accounted for 86\u201393% and 94\u201398% on sandy and clayey soils respectively. Tillage systems on sandy soils had the smallest average free light fraction (fLF) and occluded light fraction (oLF) C stocks (25.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3 g m\u2212\u00a02 and 7.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0g\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02) at 0\u201330\u00a0cm when compared with corresponding NF (58.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 g\u00a0m2 and 18.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00a0g\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02). Clayey soils, had the opposite, having all fLF C and N in tillage systems being higher (80.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0g\u00a0C m\u2212\u00a02 and 2.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02) than NF (57.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02 and 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02). Results suggest that oLF and MaHF C and N are better protected under DS and RP where they are less vulnerable to mineralisation while fLF contributes more in CT. Thus, DS and RP can be important in maintaining and improving soil quality although their practicability can be hampered by unsupportive institutional frameworks. Under prevailing climatic and management conditions, improvement of residue retention could be a major factor that can distinguish the potential of different management practices for C sequestration. The exploitation of the benefits of RP or DS and the corresponding sustainability of systems need support for surface cover retention which should also be extended to conventional tillage.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pools", "microbial biomass", "assessment", "no-tillage", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "term changes", "carbon sequestration", "stabilization", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture", "soil organic matter", "tillage", "impact", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "climate", "density fractions", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.201300371", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-12", "title": "Soil Microbiological Properties And Its Stratification Ratios For Soil Quality Assessment Under Different Cover Crop Management Systems In A Semiarid Vineyard", "description": "Abstract

In vineyards in Spain, tillage and semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions accelerate organic matter loss from the soil. Cover crops are a conservation management practice that can provoke changes in soil quality which requires evaluation. Stratification ratios of soil properties such as soil organic C and labile C fractions have been proposed for the assessment of soil quality under different soil management systems. Our objective was to study the effect of different cover crop management on various soil parameters and their stratification ratios. We evaluated three different soil managements in a Typic Haploxerept from NE Spain: conventional tillage (CT); 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90y continuous cover crop of resident vegetation (RV); and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90y continuous cover crop of Festuca longifolia Thuill., followed by 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90y Bromus catharticus L. after resowing (BV). We monitored soil organic C, particulate organic C, water soluble C, potentially mineralizable N, microbial biomass C, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase and urease enzymatic activities, and water stable aggregates at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff932.5, 2.5\uffe2\uff80\uff935, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315, 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9325, and 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9345\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil depths. We calculated soil depth stratification ratios of those soil properties. Resident cover crop increased microbiological properties, labile C fractions, and aggregation with respect to conventional tillage at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff932.5 and 2.5\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil depths. However, for Bromus cover crop the same soil properties were lower than for the resident cover crop at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff932.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth. Stratification ratios of \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase and urease enzymatic activities, and particulate organic C showed a higher sensitivity than other soil properties; therefore, they would be the best indicators for soil quality assessment in semiarid Mediterranean vineyards.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water stable aggregates", "Cover crops in vineyard", "Enzymatic activities", "13. Climate action", "Labile C fractions", "Microbial biomass C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201300371"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jpln.201300371", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jpln.201300371", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jpln.201300371"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s003740050494", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics After The Conversion Of Arable Land To Pasture", "description": "

Conversion of arable land (maize) to pasture will affect the soil organic matter (SOM) content. Changes in the SOM content were studied using a size- and density-fractionation method and C-13 analysis. Twenty-six years of maize cropping had resulted in a depletion of carbon stored in the macro-organic fractions (>150 mu m) and an increase in the 250 mu m), light (b.d. 150 mu m) and light (b.d. 150 mu m; b.d. >1.13 g cm(-3)) in the 0- to 20-cm layer was still 40-50% lower than in the continuous pasture plots. Average half-life times calculated from C-13 analyses ranged from 7 years in the light fractions to 56 years in heavy fractions. Fractionation results and C-13 data indicated that mechanical disturbance (plowing) during maize cropping had resulted in vertical displacement of dispersed soil carbon from the 0- to 20-cm layer down to 60-80 cm. Conversion of arable land to pasture, therefore, not only causes a regeneration of the soil carbon content, it also reduces the risk of contaminant transport by dispersed soil carbon.

", "keywords": ["land use change", "DECOMPOSITION", "2. Zero hunger", "C-13 analyses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "Maize", "C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE", "CULTIVATION", "pasture", "13C analyses", "VERTISOLS", "SIZE", "SYSTEMS", "Pasture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "Fractionation", "fractionation", "Land use change", "CARBON TURNOVER", "FRACTIONS", "organic matter", "STORAGE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R\u00f6mkens, P.F.A.M., van der Plicht, J., Hassink, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050494"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050494", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050494", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050494"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-11", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Additions On Above- And Belowground Carbon Dynamics In Two Tropical Forests", "description": "Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing rapidly in tropical regions, adding N to ecosystems that often have high background N availability. Tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, yet the effects of N deposition on C cycling in these ecosystems are poorly understood. We used a field N-fertilization experiment in lower and upper elevation tropical rain forests in Puerto Rico to explore the responses of above- and belowground C pools to N addition. As expected, tree stem growth and litterfall productivity did not respond to N fertilization in either of these N-rich forests, indicating a lack of N limitation to net primary productivity (NPP). In contrast, soil C concentrations increased significantly with N fertilization in both forests, leading to larger C stocks in fertilized plots. However, different soil C pools responded to N fertilization differently. Labile (low density) soil C fractions and live fine roots declined with fertilization, while mineral-associated soil C increased in both forests. Decreased soil CO2 fluxes in fertilized plots were correlated with smaller labile soil C pools in the lower elevation forest (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.65, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05), and with lower live fine root biomass in the upper elevation forest (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.90, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Our results indicate that soil C storage is sensitive to N deposition in tropical forests, even where plant productivity is not N-limited. The mineral-associated soil C pool has the potential to respond relatively quickly to N additions, and can drive increases in bulk soil C stocks in tropical forests.", "keywords": ["58 Geosciences Aboveground Biomass", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "Aboveground Biomass", "Environmental sciences", "Soil Respiration", "Dissolved Organic Carbon", "Soil Density Fractions", "Environmental Chemistry", "Nutrient Limitation", "54 Environmental Sciences", "Geosciences", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7ww245cp/qt7ww245cp.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Fate Of The Nitrogen From Fertilizers In Field-Grown Maize", "description": "Fil: Rimski korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Organic Fractions", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Nitrate Leaching", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tagged Nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-15", "title": "Spatial Patterns Of P Fractions And Chemical Properties In Soils Of Two Native Shrub Communities In Senegal", "description": "Two shrub species (Piliostigma reticulatum (D.C.) Hochst (Caesalpinioideae) and Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae) are commonly found in farmers\u2019 fields at varying densities in semi-arid Senegal and throughout the Sahel where soils have chronically low phosphorus (P) availability. It seems plausible that shrub litter and the rhizospheres could influence P fractions and other chemical soil properties that affect crop productivity. Thus, a study was done at two sites, on the distribution of inorganic and organic soil P pools, organic C levels, and pH in soil beneath and outside the canopies of P. reticulatum and G. senegalensis (0-30 cm depth). Both sites had low total P ranging from 64 mg P kg\u22121 to 135 mg P kg-1, and low extractable PO4 (resin Pi) (1\u20136 mg P kg\u22121) with P fractions dominated by NaOH-P. Organic P (Po) made up about 50% of total P, and most of the organic P (>60%) was found in the NaOH-P fractions. The labile P, particularly bicarb-Po was higher in soil beneath shrub canopies (8.4 mg P kg \u22121), than outside the canopy (6.2 mg P kg \u22121). Similarly, C, N and P to a lesser extent, were more concentrated beneath shrub canopies. P. reticulatum soil was dominated by the NaOH-Po fraction, whereas G. senegalensis had higher bicarb-Po at one of the study sites. An index of biologically available organic P (Bicarb-Po) / (Bicarb-Po + Bicar-Pi + Resin Pi) was > 60% and indicates that biological processes represent an important part of P cycling in these shrub ecosystems. The differential ability of shrubs in modifying soil chemical properties under their canopies has major implications for biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and C in sandy soils of semi arid Sahelian ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Total C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Canopy soil", "Semi-arid", "Sahel", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Shrubs", "P fractions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dossa, E. L., Diedhiou, S., Compton, J. E., /Assigbets\u00e9, Komi, Dick, R. P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0044-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1733-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-31", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Root Distribution In A Temperate Arable Agroforestry System", "description": "To determine, for arable land in a temperate area, the effect of tree establishment and intercropping treatments, on the distribution of roots and soil organic carbon to a depth of 1.5\u00a0m. A poplar (Populus sp.) silvoarable agroforestry experiment including arable controls was established on arable land in lowland England in 1992. The trees were intercropped with an arable rotation or bare fallow for the first 11\u00a0years, thereafter grass was allowed to establish. Coarse and fine root distributions (to depths of up to 1.5\u00a0m and up to 5\u00a0m from the trees) were measured in 1996, 2003, and 2011. The amount and type of soil carbon to 1.5\u00a0m depth was also measured in 2011. The trees, initially surrounded by arable crops rather than fallow, had a deeper coarse root distribution with less lateral expansion. In 2011, the combined length of tree and understorey vegetation roots was greater in the agroforestry treatments than the control, at depths below 0.9\u00a0m. Between 0 and 1.5\u00a0m depth, the fine root carbon in the agroforestry treatment (2.56\u00a0t\u00a0ha-1) was 79% greater than that in the control (1.43\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). Although the soil organic carbon in the top 0.6\u00a0m under the trees (161\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) was greater than in the control (142\u00a0t\u00a0C ha\u22121), a tendency for smaller soil carbon levels beneath the trees at lower depths, meant that there was no overall tree effect when a 1.5\u00a0m soil depth was considered. From a limited sample, there was no tree effect on the proportion of recalcitrant soil organic carbon. The observed decline in soil carbon beneath the trees at soil depths greater than 60\u00a0cm, if observed elsewhere, has important implication for assessments of the role of afforestation and agroforestry in sequestering carbon.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Carbon fractions", "Populus", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agroforestry", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "Carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1733-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1733-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1733-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1733-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Effects Of Forest Conversion To Pasture On Soil Carbon Content And Dynamics In Brazilian Amazonia", "description": "Abstract Soils play an important role in the carbon cycle, and deforestation in the tropics affects both soil carbon storage and CO2 release into the atmosphere. The consequences of deforestation and conversion to pasture for soil carbon content and dynamics were examined in two soil types differing mainly by their texture. Two chronosequences were selected, each consisting of an intact forest and three pastures of different ages (4, 8, 15 years and 3, 9, 15 years, respectively). One chronosequence is located in the central part of the Brazilian Amazon basin, where the soils are clayey ferralsols, and the second in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Basin, where the soils are sandy clayey acrisols. In the upper layer the C content of clayey soils was three times higher than in the sandy soils, but despite the differences in soil texture, the C distribution in the particle-size fractions was quite similar. In the two chronosequences, the conversion to pasture induced a slight increase in C content. Bulk density increases were greater on soils with lower clay contents. The 13 C measurements, which allowed to calculate the distribution of C derived from forest and from pasture, showed that all the particle-size fractions incorporated C derived from pasture and that a significant proportion of the young organic matter is rapidly trapped in the finest fractions. Although the proportions of pasture-derived C were higher in the sandy soils than in the clayey soils, the amounts of pasture-derived C in the particle-size fractions were 2\u20133 times larger in the clayey soils than in the sandy soils.", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "550", "ZONE TROPICALE", "c-13 natural abundance", "TEXTURE", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "Carbon Cycle", "C-13 isotope", "Amazonia", "EVOLUTION DES SOLS SOUS CULTURE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "soil carbon storage", "particle-size fractions", "Pasture", "cultivated oxisols", "ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE", "SABLE", "eastern amazonia", "Deforestation", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Acrisol", "2. Zero hunger", "tropical soils Organic-matter dynamics", "Brasil", "size-fractions", "PATURAGE", "turnover", "Soil Carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "South America", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "ARGILE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEFORESTATION", "texture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Desjardins, T., Barros, E., Sarrazin, M., Girardin, C., Mariotti, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-18", "title": "The influence of tree and soil management on soil organic carbon stock and pools in dehesa systems", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by P12-AGR-0931 (Andalusian Government), RTA2014-00063-C04-03 (Spanish Government), SHui (European Commission Grant Agreement number: 773903) and EU\u2014FEDER funds, whose support is gratefully acknowledged.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Fractions agroforestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Grazing", "Shift from cultivation to grazing", "Crop rotation", "Tree plantation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic carbon fractions", "Agroforestry", "Organic carbon", "Holm oak"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lizardo Reyna-Bowen, Lizardo Reyna-Bowen, Jes\u00fas Fern\u00e1ndez-Habas, Pilar Fern\u00e1ndez-Rebollo, Jos\u00e9 A. G\u00f3mez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.02.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-10", "title": "Conversion Of Grassy Cerrado Into Riparian Forest And Its Impact On Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In An Oxisol From Southeast Brazil", "description": "Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible changes in soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics after establishing riparian forests on soils previously under Brazilian savannah (\u201ccerrado\u201d). We selected a site with a homogeneous Typic Acric Red\u2013Yellow Latosol (Anionic Acrustox). Part of this site was maintained under native vegetation (grassy cerrado C 4 -dominated), and part was planted with riparian species (C 3 ) in 1992. Litter and soil samples were collected and analysed (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, \u03b4 13 C isotopic analysis, and SOM density fractionation). Due to the predominance of grasses, carbon input was mainly below ground in cerrado. In such a soil, the decomposition process was more efficient, and much C and N were transferred to the heavy fraction. When forest was planted, there was a change from belowground to aboveground litter input (largely superficial), leading to higher C and N stocks in the light and lower stocks in the heavy fraction (resulting in lower stocks for bulk soil). The introduction of the C 3 vegetation decreased the soil \u03b4 13 C signature. It has occurred particularly in the topsoil (0\u20135 cm) due to the deposition of C 3 litter on the soil surface. At the same time, the presence of cerrado-remaining C below 5 cm maintained higher \u03b4 13 C values in this layer. During the 8 years after forest plantation, the input mode influenced both the \u03b4 13 C distribution with depth, and the C replacement: between 0 and 2.5 cm, nearly 50% of cerrado-derived C was replaced by forest-derived C, while below 5 cm, replacement was around 20%. The relatively rapid C dynamics in this Oxisol (27% replacement in the top 20 cm after 8 years of forest plantation) shows that, under tropical conditions, significant changes may occur in a short period of time.", "keywords": ["delta-c-13", "decomposition", "c-13 natural-abundance", "particle-size fractions", "turnover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "vegetation changes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "stable carbon isotope", "density fractions", "ratios", "nitrogen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "de Alcantara, F.A., Buurman, P., Furtini Neto, A.E., Curi, N., Roscoe, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.02.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.02.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.02.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.02.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-12", "title": "Rangeland Management Effects On Soil Properties In The Savanna Biome, South Africa: A Case Study Along Grazing Gradients In Communal And Commercial Farms", "description": "Although the savanna biome of South Africa is a major resource for rangeland management, little is known about how differences in rangeland management systems affect soil properties in such biomes. Near to Kuruman, commercial farms have practiced rotational grazing for decades. In communal areas of former homeland Bophuthatswana, similar strategies were used prior to 1994. Nowadays, a continuous grazing system is common. We hypothesized that these changes in management affected soil properties. To test this, we sampled soils at communal and commercial land along a gradient with increasing distance to water points. The results revealed that communal systems with continuous grazing showed enlarged spatial gradients. The soils were depleted in most nutrients close to the water relative to those of commercial systems. In contrast, as the distance to the water increased, the nutrient stocks of these communal systems were higher. Changes in soil nutrient stocks were related to a zone of increased bush encroachment (up to 25%). Specific analyses (phosphorus fractions, particulate organic carbon, \u03b413C) confirmed that the soils of the communal grazing systems benefited from the shift of grass-dominated to bush-dominated system with woody Acacia vegetation, while the rangeland degraded in the sense that it lost palatable grass species.", "keywords": ["Continuous grazing", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rotational grazing", "Soil organic carbon", "Isotopic composition", "Rangeland management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Plant nutrients", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bush encroachment", "Phosphorus fractions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-27", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Reduced Tillage And Residue Management On Soil Carbon Stabilization: Implications For Conservation Agriculture On Contrasting Soils", "description": "Residue retention and reduced tillage are both conservation agricultural management options that may enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in tropical soils. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term tillage and residue management on SOC dynamics in a Chromic Luvisol (red clay soil) and Areni-Gleyic Luvisol (sandy soil) in Zimbabwe. At the time of sampling the soils had been under conventional tillage (CT), mulch ripping (MR), clean ripping (CR) and tied ridging (TR) for 9 years. Soil was fully dispersed and separated into 212\u20132000 mm (coarse sand), 53\u2013212 mm (fine sand), 20\u201353 mm (coarse silt), 5\u201320 mm (fine silt) and 0\u20135 mm (clay) size fractions. The whole soil and size fractions were analyzed for C content. Conventional tillage treatments had the least amount of SOC, with 14.9 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil and 4.2 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil for the red clay and sandy soils, respectively. The highest SOC content was 6.8 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil in the sandy soil under MR, whereas for the red clay soil, TR had the highest SOC content of 20.4 mg C g \ufffd 1 soil. Organic C in the size fractions increased with decreasing size of the fractions. In both soils, the smallest response to management was observed in the clay size fractions, confirming that this size fraction is the most stable. The coarse sand-size fraction was most responsive to management in the sandy soil where MR had 42% more organic C than CR, suggesting that SOC contents of this fraction are predominantly controlled by amounts of C input. In contrast, the fine sand fraction was the most responsive fraction in the red clay soil with a 66% greater C content in the TR than CT. This result suggests that tillage disturbance is the dominant factor reducing C stabilization in a clayey soil, probably by reducing C stabilization within microaggregates. In conclusion, developing viable conservation agriculture practices to optimize SOC contents and long-term agroecosystem sustainability should prioritize the maintenance of C inputs (e.g. residue retention) to coarse textured soils, but should focus on the reduction of SOC decomposition (e.g. through reduced tillage) in fine textured soils. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "Soil management", "Conservation agriculture", "Residue management", "no-tillage", "continuous cultivation", "sudano-sahelian conditions", "loam soil", "Tropical agroecosystems", "Tillage", "Agricultural ecosystems", "conventional-tillage", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "2. Zero hunger", "Tropical zones", "Soil organic matter", "microbial biomass", "Particulate organic matter (pom)", "Soil organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "crop residue", "fractions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "manure application"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-12-22", "title": "Effects Of Tillage, Organic Resources And Nitrogen Fertiliser On Soil Carbon Dynamics And Crop Nitrogen Uptake In Semi-Arid West Africa", "description": "Tillage, organic resources and fertiliser effects on soil carbon (C) dynamics were investigated in 2000 and 2001 in Burkina Faso (West Africa). A split plot design with four replications was laid-out on a loamy-sand Ferric Lixisol with till and no-till as main treatments and fertiliser types as sub-treatments. Soil was fractionated physically into coarse (0.250\u20132 mm), medium (0.053\u2013 0.250 mm) and fine fractions (< 0.053 mm). Particulate organic carbon (POC) accounted for 47\u201353% of total soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) for 30\u201337% of total soil nitrogen concentration. The POC decreased from 53% of total SOC in 2000 to 47% of total SOC in 2001. Tillage increased the contribution of POC to SOC. No-till led to the lowest loss in SOC in the fine fraction compared to tilled plots. Well-decomposed compost and single urea application in tilled as well as in no-till plots induced loss in POC. Crop N uptake was enhanced in tilled plots and may be up to 226 kg N ha \ufffd 1 against a maximum of 146 kg N ha \ufffd 1 in no-till plots. Combining crop residues and urea enhanced incorporation of new organic matter in the coarse fraction and the reduction of soil carbon mineralisation from the fine fraction. The PON and crop N uptake are strongly correlated in both till and no-till plots. Mineral-associated N is more correlated to N uptake by crop in tilled than in no-till plots. Combining recalcitrant organic resources and nitrogen fertiliser is the best option for sustaining crop production and reducing soil carbon decline in the more stabilised soil fraction in the semi-arid West Africa. # 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "matter fractions", "crusted soil", "mulch", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "rehabilitation", "quality", "land-use", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "management", "particulate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ou\u00e9draogo, E., Mando, A., Stroosnijder, L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-20", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Humification Under Different Tillage Managements Evaluated By Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lif) And C/N Ratio", "description": "AbstractIn this work is presented the use of the C/N ratio and the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy for determining the humification of soil organic matter (SOM) in an Oxisol under three different long-term tillage managements (no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT)). Humification of SOM was evaluated in the soil and its fractions (clay<2\u03bcm, silt 2\u201320\u03bcm, sand 20\u20131000\u03bcm). The obtained results show that lower SOM humification was observed in soil under NT, mainly at the surface (0\u20135cm). In CT, SOM humification values maintained constant for all investigated depths (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201315 and 15\u201320cm). Also, clay was the soil fraction that exhibited the lesser humification of SOM. Based on the obtained results it can be said that NT favors the accumulation of SOM on its surface, increasing aggregate stability and presenting samples with lower humification indexes. These results indicate a larger availability of nutrients for the plants in this management.", "keywords": ["Degree of humification", "No-tillage management system", "Soil fractions", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "6. Clean water", "Earth-Surface Processes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jadir Aparecido Rosa, Luiz F. Pires, F.A.M. C\u00e1ssaro, S\u00e9rgio da Costa Saab, Andr\u00e9 Maur\u00edcio Brinatti, T. Martins, D\u00e9bora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-27", "title": "Winter Cover Crops In Soybean Monoculture: Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions", "description": "Fil: Duval, Matias Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "WHEAT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LABILE FRACTIONS", "NO-TILLAGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/rdc.2018.62", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-19", "title": "Molecular Fingerprinting of14C Dated Soil Organic Matter Fractions from Archaeological Settings in NW Spain", "description": "Abstract

This paper evaluates the complexities of radiocarbon (14C) dates from soil organic matter (SOM) in archaeological scenarios. The aqueous NaOH-insoluble residual SOM from Neolithic to medieval sites in NW Spain produced consistently older calibrated14C ages than NaOH-extractable SOM. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-GC-MS), we analyzed the molecular composition of these SOM fractions, aiming to understand the differences in14C ages and to gain insight on SOM dynamics in relation to age fractionation. The molecular composition of the NaOH-extractable SOM, which accounts for roughly two-thirds of total SOM, has a larger proportion of microbial detritus than the NaOH-insoluble SOM. This might suggest that the discrepancies between the two fractions is due to microbial rejuvenation in the extractable fraction, leading to14C results that are younger than the activity that is to be dated. However, archaeological evidence presented here unambiguously shows that the14C age of the extractable SOM provides the more accurate age for the targeted activity, and that the insoluble fraction contains inherited old carbon. After statistical data evaluation using Partial Least Squares-Regression (PLS-R), it is concluded that this inherited SOM is a mixture of Black Carbon from wild and/or domestic fires and recalcitrant aliphatic SOM. Major changes in tillage practices have occurred over the past 2 decades across the diverse range of soil types and rainfall zones that characterise cropping systems in southern Australia. However, there has been little corresponding change in the management of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). This study investigated the effects of tillage and crop rotations on the stratification and transformation of P in soil profiles from 3 tillage/rotation trials encompassing 3 agro-ecological zones of southern Australia. Soil samples were collected from field trials at Longerenong (Vertosol, average rainfall 420\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm), Walpeup (Calcarosol, rainfall 325\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm), and Rutherglen (Chromosol, rainfall 650\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) in Victoria. Soil samples from various depths were sequentially analysed for organic and inorganic P fractions. Phosphorus accumulated in the surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m) across all sites and tillage practices/rotations studied but the proportion of P in different chemical fractions varied markedly among soil types and tillage practice/rotation. In the sandy Calcarosol, a greater proportion of fertiliser P was transformed into labile (resin-P) forms, whereas it tended to accumulate in non-labile pools in the finer textured Vertosol and Chromosol. The effects of tillage and crop rotation were generally confined to the topsoil with P strongly stratified in the topsoil in direct-drill and zero-tillage treatments compared with conventional tillage. The implications for management of P fertilisers in Victorian cropping systems are discussed.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil N", "0503 (four-digit-FOR)", "050304 Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)", "Crop rotation", "Long-term trials", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agro-ecological zone", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil type", "15. Life on land", "P fractions", "Tillage systems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tang, Caixian., Vu, Dang Thanh., Armstrong, R. D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr08108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr08108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr08108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr08108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/00103624.2013.790406", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-16", "title": "Influence Of Soil Management And Crop Rotation On Physical Properties In A Long-Term Experiment In Parana, Brazil", "description": "This work aims to evaluate the soil physical properties affected by cover crop rotation and soil management in a long-term experiment in southern Brazil. The experiment was established in 1986, with treatments combining six winter treatments and two tillage systems (conventional and no tillage). Bulk density, porosity, aggregate-size class distribution, and organic carbon content of the aggregates were determined at six depths. Bulk density was not affected by tillage systems and winter treatments. The soil disturbance by plowing enhanced the macroporosity, decreased the microporosity, and promoted the formation of smaller aggregate size, in comparison to no tillage. Apart from the soil management, all winter species increased the greater aggregate-size classes, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and aggregate stability index compared to the fallow treatments. At the no-till treatments, the greater part of sequestered carbon into the soil was stored into the lower and bigger soil aggregates.", "keywords": ["STABILIZATION", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "cover crop", "AGGREGATE", "PARTICULATE", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "630", "CARBON", "soil organic matter", "Farm nutrient management", "CONSERVATION TILLAGE", "Conservation tillage", "2. Zero hunger", "CULTIVATED SOILS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "Soil tillage", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Crop combinations and interactions", "subtropical soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NO-TILLAGE", "CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.790406"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/00103624.2013.790406", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/00103624.2013.790406", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/00103624.2013.790406"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12326", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-18", "title": "N Fertilizer And Harvest Impacts On Bioenergy Crop Contributions To Soc", "description": "Abstract

Belowground root biomass is infrequently measured and simply represented in models that predict landscape\uffe2\uff80\uff90level changes to soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gas balances. Yet, crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific responses to N fertilizer and harvest treatments are known to impact both plant allocation and tissue chemistry, potentially altering decomposition rates and the direction and magnitude of soil C stock changes and greenhouse gas fluxes. We examined switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.,) yields, belowground root biomass, C, N and soil particulate organic matter\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) in a 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rainfed study of N fertilizer rate (0, 60, 120 and 180\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and harvest management near Mead, NE, USA. Switchgrass was harvested with one pass in either August or postfrost, and for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) corn, either 50% or no stover was removed. Switchgrass had greater belowground root biomass C and N (6.39, 0.10\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) throughout the soil profile compared to NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90corn (1.30, 0.06\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and a higher belowground root biomass C:N ratio, indicating greater recalcitrant belowground root biomass C input beneath switchgrass. There was little difference between the two crops in soil POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C indicating substantially slower decomposition and incorporation into SOC under switchgrass, despite much greater root C. The highest N rate decreased POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C under both NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90corn and switchgrass, indicating faster decomposition rates with added fertilizer. Residue removal reduced corn belowground root biomass C by 37% and N by 48% and subsequently reduced POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C by 22% compared to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue removal. Developing productive bioenergy systems that also conserve the soil resource will require balancing fertilization that maximizes aboveground productivity but potentially reduces SOC sequestration by reducing belowground root biomass and increasing root and soil C decomposition.

", "keywords": ["roots", "2. Zero hunger", "harvest timing", "N fertilizer", "soil C sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil fractions", "7. Clean energy", "630", "6. Clean water", "residue removal", "13. Climate action", "soil organic C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12326"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12326", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12326", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12326"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16135", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-17", "title": "Mycorrhizal fungi alleviate acidification\u2010induced phosphorus limitation: Evidence from a decade\u2010long field experiment of simulated acid deposition in a tropical forest in south China", "description": "Abstract

South China has been experiencing very high rate of acid deposition and severe soil acidification in recent decades, which has been proposed to exacerbate the regional ecosystem phosphorus (P) limitation. We conducted a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment of simulated acid deposition to examine how acidification impacts seasonal changes of different soil P fractions in a tropical forest with highly acidic soils in south China. As expected, acid addition significantly increased occluded P pool but reduced the other more labile P pools in the dry season. In the wet season, however, acid addition did not change microbial P, soluble P and labile organic P pools. Acid addition significantly increased exchangeable Al3+ and Fe3+ and the activation of Fe oxides in both seasons. Different from the decline of microbial abundance in the dry season, acid addition increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and its ratio to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the wet season, which significantly stimulated phosphomonoesterase activities and likely promoted the dissolution of occluded P. Our results suggest that, even in already highly acidic soils, the acidification\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation could be alleviated by stimulating ectomycorrhizal fungi and phosphomonoesterase activities. The differential responses and microbial controls of seasonal soil P transformation revealed here should be implemented into ecosystem biogeochemical model for predicting plant productivity under future acid deposition scenarios.Nitrogen-induced suppression of lignin-modifying enzyme activity contributes to soil carbon sequestration.

", "keywords": ["CHANGING ENVIRONMENT", "570", "550", "Nitrogen", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "Bacterial Proteins", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Bacteria", "HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "N DEPOSITION", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "SUBTROPICAL FORESTS", "Science & Technology - Other Topics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION", "SIZE FRACTIONS", "CBIO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10396/27039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-18", "title": "The influence of tree and soil management on soil organic carbon stock and pools in dehesa systems", "description": "This study evaluated the effect on SOC concentration, stock and fractions in a dehesa divided into two areas of similar soil type but different soil management. The first area was a pastured dehesa (P) with young Holm oaks, planted in 1995 (70 trees ha\u22121, 12 m \u00d7 12 m) and, since 2000, grazed by sheep (3 sheep ha\u22121) with an average period of grazing of six months a year. Prior to this it was managed in the same way as the second adjacent area. The second area was a cropped dehesa (C) with widely spaced mature Holm oak (14 trees in a 12-ha dehesa), on which a mixture of vetch and oats was cultivated every three years and tilled with a chisel plough. After 22 years both dehesas showed similar SOC stock distribution amongst areas with different soil management, with approximately 40 t ha\u22121 in the top 100 cm of the soil. The P dehesa only showed higher SOC stock than the C dehesa on the surface 0\u20132 cm (5.86 \u00b1 0.56 t ha-1vs 3.24 \u00b1 0.37 t ha\u22121). The influence of the trees, increasing SOC concentration and content when compared to the area outside the canopy projection, was only detected under the mature trees in the C dehesa. In the area outside the tree canopy, both systems showed a similar distribution of soil organic carbon among their different fractions, with the unprotected fraction being the dominant one, followed by the physically and chemically protected fractions. In the C dehesa, the mature trees\u2019 presence significantly modified the distribution of soil organic carbon in their surroundings, increasing the relevance of the unprotected fraction. The distribution of soil organic carbon in the unprotected and physically and chemically protected fractions were strongly correlated to the overall organic carbon concentration in the soil, indicating the rapid response of these three fractions to management, with the biochemically protected fraction showing no correlation, suggesting a high resilience to the changes in carbon budget. This work was supported by P12-AGR-0931 (Andalusian Government), RTA2014-00063-C04-03 (Spanish Government), SHui (European Commission Grant Agreement number: 773903) and EU\u2014FEDER funds, whose support is gratefully acknowledged. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Fractions agroforestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Grazing", "Shift from cultivation to grazing", "Crop rotation", "Tree plantation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic carbon fractions", "Agroforestry", "Organic carbon", "Holm oak"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10396/27039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10396/27039", "name": "item", "description": "10396/27039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10396/27039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/01000683rbcs20150142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Distribution Of Organic Carbon In Different Soil Fractions In Ecosystems Of Central Amazonia", "description": "

Organic matter plays an important role in many soil properties, and for that reason it is necessary to identify management systems which maintain or increase its concentrations. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality and quantity of organic C in different compartments of the soil fraction in different Amazonian ecosystems. The soil organic matter (FSOM) was fractionated and soil C stocks were estimated in primary forest (PF), pasture (P), secondary succession (SS) and an agroforestry system (AFS). Samples were collected at the depths 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-160, and 160-200 cm. Densimetric and particle size analysis methods were used for FSOM, obtaining the following fractions: FLF (free light fraction), IALF (intra-aggregate light fraction), F-sand (sand fraction), F-clay (clay fraction) and F-silt (silt fraction). The 0-5 cm layer contains 60 % of soil C, which is associated with the FLF. The F-clay was responsible for 70 % of C retained in the 0-200 cm depth. There was a 12.7 g kg-1 C gain in the FLF from PF to SS, and a 4.4 g kg-1 C gain from PF to AFS, showing that SS and AFS areas recover soil organic C, constituting feasible C-recovery alternatives for degraded and intensively farmed soils in Amazonia. The greatest total stocks of carbon in soil fractions were, in decreasing order: (101.3 Mg ha-1 of C - AFS) > (98.4 Mg ha-1 of C - FP) > (92.9 Mg ha-1 of C - SS) > (64.0 Mg ha-1 of C - P). The forms of land use in the Amazon influence C distribution in soil fractions, resulting in short- or long-term changes.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "uso da terra", "Agriculture (General)", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "fracionamento", "soil physical fractions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica do solo", "fractionation", "fra\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas do solo", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marques, Jean Dalmo de Oliveira, Luiz\u00e3o, Fl\u00e1vio Jesus, Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes, Sarrazin, Max, Ferreira, S\u00e1vio Jos\u00e9 Filgueira, Beldini, Troy Patrick, Marques, Elizalane Moura de Ara\u00fajo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/01000683rbcs20150142", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/01000683rbcs20150142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000600009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-11", "title": "Carbon Content In Amazonian Oxisols After Forest Conversion To Pasture", "description": "

Soil plays an important role in the C cycle, and substitution of tropical forest by cultivated land affects C dynamic and stock. This study was developed in an area of expansion of human settlement in the Eastern Amazon, in Itupiranga, State of Par\uffc3\uffa1, to evaluate the effects of native forest conversion to Brachiaria brizantha pasture on C contents of a dystrophic Oxisol. Soil samples were collected in areas of native forest (NF), of 8 to 10 year old secondary forest (SF), 1 to 2 year old SF (P1-2), 5 to 7 year old SF (P5-7), and of 10 to 12 year old SF (P10-12), and from under pastures, in the layers 0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 cm, to evaluate C levels and stocks and carry out separation of OM based on particle size. After deforestation, soil density increased to a depth of 5 cm, with greater increase in older pastures. Variation in C levels was greatest in the top soil layer; C contents increased with increasing pasture age. In the layers 2-5 and 5-10 cm, C content proved to be stable for the types of plant cover evaluated. Highest C concentrations were found in the silt fraction; however, C contents were highest in the clay fraction, independent of the plant cover. An increase in C associated with the sand fraction in the form of little decomposed organic residues was observed in pastures, confirming greater sensitivity of this fraction to change in soil use.

", "keywords": ["estoque de carbono no solo", "550", "floresta amaz\u00f4nica", "particle-size fractions", "tropical soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Amazon rain forest", "fracionamento granulom\u00e9trico", "solo tropical", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "soil carbon stock"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silva da, M. L., /Desjardins, Thierry, /Sarrazin, Max, Melo de, V. S., Martins, P. F. D., Santos, E. R., Carvalho de, C. J. R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000600009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000600009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000600009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000600009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0375", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-01", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Quality Under Different Land Uses In A Mountain Watershed Of Nepal", "description": "

Land use change is one of the anthropogenic interventions that may induce substantial modifications to both the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). Soils from three cultivated areas (two types of rainfed upland and one irrigated lowland) and two forests (subtropical managed and temperate unmanaged) in a midhill watershed of Nepal were studied to assess the effect of land use change on SOM quality. Bulk SOM was analyzed using solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90state13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fractionated by acid hydrolysis into pools with different chemical composition and, thus, different tendencies to decomposition. The NMR analysis showed a clear prevalence of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C over alkyl C and aromatic C, with major differences between both soils and two depth intervals of the same soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm). Acid hydrolysis revealed that the labile C pool is larger in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth of each land use. Labile C was larger in the temperate unmanaged forest and the irrigated cultivated land than in the other soils at both soil depths. Of the cultivated rainfed soils, the recently reclaimed soil contained less labile C than the historically cultivated soil, while the labile C in the irrigated soil exceeded that in both rainfed soils. The results suggest that changes in land use from forest to cultivation and the irrigation of the cultivated land may significantly affect not only the quantity but also the quality of the SOM and, more importantly, its chemical recalcitrance to degradation. As a consequence, any future decisions regarding land management in the fragile mountain areas of Nepal should be carefully considered with respect to the nature of the SOM.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "C-13 NMR", " TROPICAL FOREST", " SIZE FRACTIONS", " MIDDLE HILLS", " LEAF-LITTER", " CARBON", " DYNAMICS", " DEGRADATION", " PARTICLE", " DECOMPOSITION.", "6. Clean water", "NMR; soil quality"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0375"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0375", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0375", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0375"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2174/1874331501307010022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-13", "description": "It is expected that the agricultural intensification occurred in recent decades in the Argentine Rolling Pampa significantly alters the SOM reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to identify soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions to understand the functionality and stabilization of these reserves. Our objectives were to study the NT effect in two crop rotations, corn-double cropped wheat/soybean (MWS) and double cropped wheat/soybean (WS) on: 1) SOM and its particle size and biological fractions contents, 2) C and N stubble biomass and 3) some soil properties in order to explain the SOM differences found. The larger biomass residue remaining on the soil surface under NT promoted higher aggregate stability and lower soil temperature and pH. At 0-5 cm soil depth, NT exhibited higher C and N contents, for both uncomplexed and intimately associated to the mineral components fractions. However, the results indicated variations in the SOM protection according to the rotation: in MWS the high aggregate stability showed better physical protection, while in WS the greater cation exchange capacity and the lower value of N released by anaerobic incubation would indicate the presence of transformed SOM. At 5-20 cm soil depth, only in WS, C microbial biomass was higher with a low metabolic rate, indicating again the presence of highly decomposed SOM. The results obtained in WS under NT would indicate the possibility of achieving slower recycled of the SOM.", "keywords": ["Rotaci\u00f3n de Cultivos", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "soil organic matter fractions", "Plant Soil Relations", "Propiedades F\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas Suelo", "Residuos de Cosechas", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Crop Residues", "Conventional Tillage", "Materia Org\u00e1nica", "Labranza Convencional", "630", "Regi\u00f3n Pampa Ondulada", "no tillage;crop rotations;soil organic matter fractions", "Crop Rotation", "no tillage", "crop rotations", "Carbono", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Zero Tillage", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitr\u00f3geno", "Soil Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Relaciones Planta Selo", "Carbon", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Organic Matter", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Matter Fractions", "Biolog\u00eda del Suelo", "Fracciones de la Materia Org\u00e1nica", "Cero-labranza"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Irizar, A, Andriulo, Adrian Enrique, Mary, Bruno, B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02642900/file/2013_Irizar_Open%20Agriculture%20Journal_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501307010022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Open%20Agriculture%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2174/1874331501307010022", "name": "item", "description": "10.2174/1874331501307010022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2174/1874331501307010022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2018.00149", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-23", "title": "Bacterial Preferences for Specific Soil Particle Size Fractions Revealed by Community Analyses", "description": "Genetic fingerprinting demonstrated in previous studies that differently sized soil particle fractions (PSFs; clay, silt, and sand with particulate organic matter (POM)) harbor microbial communities that differ in structure, functional potentials and sensitivity to environmental conditions. To elucidate whether specific bacterial or archaeal taxa exhibit preference for specific PSFs, we examined the diversity of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes by high-throughput sequencing using total DNA extracted from three long-term fertilization variants (unfertilized, fertilized with minerals, and fertilized with animal manure) of an agricultural loamy sand soil and their PSFs. The PSFs were obtained by gentle ultrasonic dispersion, wet sieving, and centrifugation. The abundance of bacterial taxa assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) differed less than 2.7% between unfractionated soil and soil based on combined PSFs. Across the three soil variants, no archaeal OTUs, but many bacterial OTUs, the latter representing 34-56% of all amplicon sequences, showed significant preferences for specific PSFs. The sand-sized fraction with POM was the preferred site for members of Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria, while Gemmatimonadales preferred coarse silt, Actinobacteria and Nitrosospira fine silt, and Planctomycetales clay. Firmicutes were depleted in the sand-sized fraction. In contrast, archaea, which represented 0.8% of all 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed only little preference for specific PSFs. We conclude that differently sized soil particles represent distinct microenvironments that support specific bacterial taxa and that these preferences could strongly contribute to the spatial heterogeneity and bacterial diversity found in soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil bacteria", "Soil bacteria", "soil DNA", "bacterial diversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil DNA", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "Soil archaea", "QR1-502", "Archaeal diversity", "Bacterial diversity", "archaeal diversity", "Soil particle size fractions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil particle size fractions", "soil archaea", "16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00149"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2018.00149", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2018.00149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ma14216566", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-02", "title": "Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Heavy Metal Sorption Capacity of Biochar from Poultry Manure", "description": "

Sorption properties of various biochars have been extensively investigated by many researchers. One of the parameters that have a significant impact on sorption properties is pyrolysis temperature. This paper presents a study on the effect of pyrolysis temperature (425, 575, 725 \uffc2\uffb0C) on the sorption properties of poultry-manure-derived biochar (BPM). The produced biochars, i.e., BPM425, BPM575 and BPM725, demonstrated specific properties at 425, 525 and 752 \uffc2\uffb0C such as high pH (10.40, 10.65 and 12.45), high ash contents (52.07, 61.74 and 78.38%) and relatively low BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) surface area (11, 17 and 19 m2\uffc2\uffb7g\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The analysis of the mineral phases of the BPMs confirmed the buffering capacity. The investigated biochars were tested for sorption of Zn, Cd and Pb in mono-, double- and triple-metal batch sorption tests. According to the obtained results, biochar produced at a temperature of 575 \uffc2\uffb0C (BPM575) can function as a sufficient sorbent for the removal of Zn, Cd and Pb from a water solution. The presented results do not confirm the effect of competing metal ions on the sorption efficiency of the selected metals by the investigated biochars. Based on that, the studied biochar sorbents can be used in environments contaminated with many metals.

", "keywords": ["ADSORPTION", "sorption", "pyrolysis temperature", "poultry manure", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "PERFORMANCE", "FEEDSTOCK SOURCES", "01 natural sciences", "AQUEOUS-SOLUTION", "Article", "MECHANISMS", "CARBON", "Chemistry", "poultry manure; biochar; pyrolysis temperature; sorption; heavy metals; soil contamination", "REMOVAL", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "CD(II)", "STRAW", "biochar", "heavy metals", "FRACTIONS", "soil contamination", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6566/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6566/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216566"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma14216566", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma14216566", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma14216566"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-27912010000100002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-03", "description": "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their product glomalin (GRSP) play a decisive role in the soil aggregation, affecting the carbon (C) dynamics in agroecosystems. Tillage affects the AMF activity and GRSP content, influencing the stability and the soil C forms as well. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on: i) arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length and GRSP content; ii) the nature of soil organic matter by means of physical fractionation (free particulate organic matter (fPOM); occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) and mineral-associated soil organic matter (Mineral)), as well as chemical fractionation (fulvic acid, humic acid and humin), and iii) the relationships between AMF parameters, soil carbon and water stable aggregates (WSA) in a Mollisol of Central Chile managed for 6 years under NT and CT using a wheat-corn rotation. Higher values in the AMF hyphal length, GRSP and WSA in NT compared with CT were observed. Significant relationships were found between GRSP and WSA (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and total mycelium and GRSP (r = 0.58, p< 0.05). The total carbon increased 44% under NT compared with CT. The chemical fractionation showed percentage greater than 95% for humim in both treatments. Physical fractionation indicates that the higher part of the SOC (89.4 - 95.1%) was associated with the mineral fraction.", "keywords": ["Glomalin Related Soil Protein", "", "Agroecosystem", "Organic Matter Fractions", "Soil Aggregates", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mollisol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-27912010000100002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20de%20la%20ciencia%20del%20suelo%20y%20nutrici%C3%B3n%20vegetal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-27912010000100002", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-27912010000100002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-27912010000100002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-95162013005000069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-06", "description": "We conducted a 3-year field experiment on an Anthrosol paddy soil to investigate changes in crop yield, P uptake and soil organic phosphorus (P) fractions after 3 years of conventional tillage (CT) conversion to no-tillage (NT) under a rape - rice rotation in central China. Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practice as the main plot and fertilizer as the sub-plot treatment. The yields of rape and rice ranged from 1378 to 2264 kg ha-1 and from 5895 to 9453 kg ha-1 across 3 years, respectively. Moreover, P uptake for rape and rice (aboveground) varied from 3.9 to 10.4 kg ha-1 and from 9.5 to 32.0 kg ha-1, respectively. Fertilization significantly enhanced crop yields and P uptake, but tillage did not affect the yields and P uptake. Fertilization significantly increased total P concentrations, acid phosphatase activity, Bray-1 P and labile organic P in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Compared to the CT treatments, the NT treatments had significantly higher acid phosphatase activity, total P, Bray-1 P, total organic P and organic P fractions in the 0-5 cm soil layer but lower organic P fractions in the 5-20 cm soil layer. Therefore, our results suggest that short-term NT does not enhance organic P concentrations in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and only improve P availability on the soil surface.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Fertilization", "P uptake", "tillage practices", "organic P fractions", "yield", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Z.S, Cao, CG, Cai, M.L, Li, C.F,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162013005000069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20soil%20science%20and%20plant%20nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-95162013005000069", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-95162013005000069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-95162013005000069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb5k", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:59Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-08-29", "title": "Empirical data and model simulations of the effect of repeated hurricanes on soil carbon dynamics in a humid tropical forest", "description": "unspecifiedSite description Soils were sampled from the Bisley Experimental Watershed of the LEF, Puerto Rico (18.3157 deg. N, 65.7487 deg W), a Long-Term Ecological Research and Critical Zone Observatory and Network site (https://luq.lter.network). The mean maximum daily temperature at Bisley was 27 \u00baC between 1993 and 2010 (Gonzales, 2020), with little seasonality. The mean annual precipitation at Bisley was 3883 (\u00b1 864 s.d.) mm y-1 from 1988 through 2014 (Gonz\u00e1lez, 2017; Murphy et al., 2017). Rainfall occurs all year, though January through April experience slightly less precipitation than other months (Heartsill-Scalley et al., 2007). The site is a humid tropical forest with a diverse tree community of approximately 170 species > 4 cm diameter at breast height (Weaver & Murphy, 1990), and dominated by tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa Vahl). Elevation of Bisley spans from 261 m a.s.l. at the base to 450 m a.s.l. on the ridges (Scatena, 1989). Soils in Bisley are derived from volcaniclastic sediments of andesitic parent material (Scatena, 1989).\u00a0 Ridge soils are classified as Ultisols (Typic Haplohumults), while slope soils are classified as Oxisols (inceptic and Aquic Hapludox), and valley soils are classified as Inceptisols (Typic Epiaquaepts) (Hall et al., 2015; McDowell et al., 2012; Scatena, 1989). Detailed site descriptions can be found in Scatena (1989), Heartsill-Scalley et al (2010), and McDowell et al (2012). Here we refer to soil organic C (SOC) and soil C interchangeably because there is no detectable inorganic C in these soils. Hurricane occurrence\u00a0 Figure 1: Timeline of major hurricanes that have affected Luquillo Experimental Forest between sampling dates. Nine major hurricanes (category 3 or higher) have impacted Puerto Rico between 1851 and 2019 (L\u00f3pez-Marrero et al., 2019), and five of these hurricanes have impacted the LEF. Until 1998, hurricanes had historically directly impacted the LEF approximately every 60 years (Scatena & Larsen, 1991). Before the initial sampling campaign of this study, Hurricane San Cipri\u00e1n in 1932 was the most recent storm to cause major disturbance to the LEF (Scatena & Larsen, 1991).\u00a0 However, since sampling in 1988, four major hurricanes have impacted the forest (Figure 1). Hurricane Hugo (Category 3-4) in 1989, Hurricane Georges (Category 3) in 1998, and Hurricanes Irma and Maria (Categories 5 and 4, respectively) within two weeks in 2017. The trajectory and windspeeds of all these hurricanes caused widespread defoliation. Litterfall historically takes over five years to return to pre-hurricane levels (Scatena et al., 1996).\u00a0 Sampling Sample collection occurred in 1988 and again in 2018. In both years, samples were collected from three depths: 0\u201310 cm (the A horizon), 10\u201335 cm (all of the B1 horizon and part of B2), and 35\u201360 cm (B2 to C) using an 8 cm diameter soil auger. Soils in this study were sampled at three separate sites at least 40 m from one another for each of three topographic locations, ridge, slope, and upland valley. Two separate cores were taken from a fourth topographic location in the riparian valley, that characterized a smaller proportion of the area of these watersheds (Scatena & Lugo, 1995). Riparian valley sites were ephemeral streambeds with a high boulder presence that limited sampling to less than 25 cm depth in one case. Sampling sites from 1988 were marked with flags, and samples from 2018 were collected from within 15 m of the same locations as the replicates from 1988, for consistency. Samples collected in 1988 were analyzed for bulk density, pH, soil moisture, and a suite of soil chemical properties (see Silver et al. 1994). Samples were then air-dried and stored in closed Ziploc bags within paper bags in a storage facility in Richmond, CA, USA before density fractionation in 2018. Fresh samples collected in 2018 were also characterized for pH, soil moisture, and soil chemistry. Approximately 3 g subsamples from each fresh sample in 2018 were immediately extracted with 45 mL of 0.2 M sodium citrate/0.5 M ascorbate solution, shaken for 16 hours, then centrifuged and the supernatant decanted to measure concentrations of poorly crystalline iron (Fe) oxides. Within two days of being double-bagged in Ziploc bags, fresh samples were further subsampled and analyzed for pH in a 1:1 soil-to-water slurry (Thomas, 1996) and for gravimetric soil moisture by oven-drying ~10 g subsamples at 105 \u00baC until a constant weight. Soil samples were air-dried before further processing and analysis. Air-dried soils from both sampling years were sieved to 2 mm and large roots were sorted out. Soil Density fractionation Soil was fractionated by density following the method of Swanston et al. (2005), as modified by Marin-Spiotta et al., (2009). Approximately 20 g of air-dried soil was added to centrifuge tubes. Sodium polytungstate (SPT, Na6 [H2W12O40] TC-Tungsten Compounds, Bavaria, Germany) in solution of density 1.85 g cm-3 was added to centrifuge tubes and agitated before centrifuging. The density of the SPT followed previous studies from this and nearby sites to allow direct comparison (Guti\u00e9rrez del Arroyo & Silver, 2018; Hall et al., 2015). Particulate organic matter floating at the surface after centrifugation, the free light fraction (FLF), was aspirated and then rinsed with 100 ml of deionized water 5 times on a 0.8 \u00b5m pore polycarbonate filter (Whatman Nuclepore Track Etch Membrane, Darmstadt, Germany). Rinsed FLF was oven-dried at 65 \u00baC until weight had stabilized. The remainder of the sample was combined with 70 ml of additional SPT and mixed using an electric benchtop mixer (G3U05R, Lightning, New York, NY, USA) at 1700 rpm for 1 min and sonicated in an ice bath for 3 min at 70% pulse (Branson 450 Sonifier, Danbury, CT, USA). Sonication is intended to disrupt soil structure and liberate organic matter that has been occluded in aggregates. The sonicated slurry was centrifuged again, and the light fraction at the surface, the occluded light fraction (OLF), was aspirated, rinsed, and dried using the same method as for the FLF. The remaining soil pellet was considered the heavy fraction (HF), or mineral-associated organic matter fraction. The HF was rinsed by thoroughly mixing with 150 ml of deionized water in the centrifuge tube, centrifuging, and removing the supernatant repeatedly until the fraction had been rinsed 5 times. The rinsed HF was oven-dried at 105 \u00baC until weight stabilized. The average mass recovery was 98%. Soil C and N and \u03b413C Dried bulk and HF soils were homogenized separately using a Spex Ball mill (SPEX Sample Prep Mixer Mill 8000D, Metuchen, NJ). The FLF and OLF were homogenized separately by hand using a mortar and pestle. All homogenized samples were then analyzed at U. C. Berkeley for C and N concentrations on the CE Elantech elemental analyzer (Lakewood, NJ) and for \u03b413C in the Stable Isotope Laboratory at UC Berkeley, using a CHNOS Elemental Analyzer interfaced to an IsoPrime 100 mass spectrometer (Cheadle Hulme, UK), with a long-term external precision of 0.10 %. \u00a0Soil C stocks were calculated by multiplying the C concentrations (%) by the oven-dry mass of bulk soil (< 2 mm) and dividing by depth and the bulk density as measured in 1988 (Silver et al., 1994; Throop et al., 2012). Radiocarbon Homogenized soil samples were combusted to CO2 in sealed glass tubes along with silver (Ag) and copper oxide (CuO) at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. The CO2 was then graphitized on Fe powder under pressurized hydrogen gas (Vogel et al., 1984). Graphite was pressed into aluminum targets and run on the Compact Accelerator Mass Spectrometer for radiocarbon analysis (Broek et al., 2021). Radiocarbon is reported in \u039414C, following Stuiver & Polach (1977), and calculated based on the fraction of modern isotope composition, corrected for the year of sampling, and corrected for mass-dependent fractionation with observed \u03b413C values of the sample. The compact AMS had an average \u039414C precision of 3.2 %. We report the corrected \u039414C value and \u0394\u039414C, which is calculated as \u039414C of the sample minus \u039414C of the atmosphere, to account for rapidly changing atmospheric \u039414C during the study period. Atmospheric radiocarbon has been decaying nonlinearly since the peak of weapons testing in the 1950s. Radiocarbon signatures in the soil are strongly influenced by the atmospheric D14C signature, making them useful for modeling soil C age and transit time, especially since the 1950s. To compare the contribution of modern C between 1988 and 2018, it is useful to take the difference between soil and atmospheric D14C values, or DD14C, because atmospheric D14C declined between 1988 (98 %) and 2018 (4.4 %) in Northern Hemisphere Zone 2 (Hua et al., 2013). We note that the decline in atmospheric D14C is nonlinear, and thus the DD14C in 2018 soil will be less sensitive to short-term shifts in D14C inputs than the samples from 1988. Carbon age and transit time modeling Transit times and ages of C were modeled with the package \u201cSoilR\u201d (Sierra et al., 2012, 2014) in R, version 4.0.2. The change in C density fractions over time, termed C flow, was modeled using a 3-pool structure with a series flow matrix, under the simplifying assumption that C flows from the litter pool to the FLF, where it is sequentially transferred into the OLF and HF pools (Figure 2). The model structure is depicted in basic form in equation 1, \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1)\u00a0 dC(t)/dt = Inputs - k*C \u00a0in matrix form with explicit pools in equation 2, \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2)\u00a0 dC(t)/dt = [Litter Inputs; 0; 0] + [-kFLF, 0, 0 ; a21,\u00a0-kOLF, 0; 0, a32, -kHRF] * [CFLF; COLF; CHF] where k is the first-order decay constant for each pool, a is the C transfer rate between pools (i.e. a21 is the transfer from FLF (pool 1) to OLF (pool 2) and a32 is the transfer from OLF (pool 2) to HF (pool 3)), and C is the C stock of each pool. The transitTime and systemAge functions within the \u201csoilR\u201d package use this model structure to solve for the distribution of ages (time since entry) of each pool, and the distribution of transit times (times between entry and exit from the bulk soil) (Sierra et al 2016). Distributions of age and transit time were time-independent and did not assume a specific distribution (Sierra et al., 2014, 2017). Figure 2: Hypothesized flow of C in soils. Free light fraction (FLF) C (pink) is either decomposed (at cycling rate -kFLF * FLF) or transferred to the occluded light fraction pool (OLF, blue) with the transfer proportion defined by a21. Carbon transfer between the OLF and heavy fraction (HF, purple) is defined by transfer coefficient a32, and is respired from these pools at cycling rates -kOLF* OLF and -kHF* HF, respectively. Figure adapted from Sierra et al. (2012). Soil D14C and C stock mean and standard deviations from each time point, depth, and fraction were used to constrain the matrix model describing the movement of C through three soil pools and losses of C from each pool. Topography was not a strong predictor of patterns in D14C, C stocks, or C fractions, so samples from all topographies were aggregated for model simulations. The model used mean observed C content in each pool for each depth in 1988 as initial conditions for SOC stocks. Above and belowground litter inputs at 0\u201310 cm were assumed to be 900 g C m-2 in non-hurricane or hurricane recovery years, based on observations from the same site (Liu et al., 2018; Scatena et al., 1996; Silver et al., 1996; Vogt et al., 1996). Inputs to the 10\u201335 cm and 35\u201360 cm depths were estimated using observations of live fine roots on the surface and typical root distribution in the forest (Silver & Vogt, 1993). Total root input is approximately threefold the input of fine roots alone (McCormack et al., 2015; Yaffar & Norby, 2020), and live fine roots in the 0\u201310 cm depth had a mean biomass of 80 - 250 g C m-2 \u00a0(Hall et al., 2015), suggesting that total root C inputs of approximately 450 g C m-2 to the surface would be well within the expected range. Root inputs below 0\u201310 cm were estimated assuming that inputs follow the typical distribution of root biomass in Puerto Rican tropical forests, with 60\u201370% of root biomass in 0\u201310 cm, an additional 20-30% of biomass in 10\u201335 cm (~135 g C m-2\u00ad), and 5\u20138% of biomass is in the 35\u201360 cm depth (~40 g C m-2\u00ad) (Silver & Vogt, 1993; Yaffar & Norby, 2020). The model was parameterized under two scenarios for each depth: 1) constant inputs, assuming a steady-state undisturbed forest, and 2) hurricane inputs, which simulated the input fluxes from defoliation during the three major hurricanes, followed by a subsequent reduction in litter inputs and then litterfall increasing linearly to pre-hurricane inputs over 6 years (Scatena et al., 1996; Silver et al., 1996; Vogt et al., 1996). Hurricane inputs were imposed as an additional pulse of litter inputs to each depth interval, declining with depth. \u00a0The 0\u201310 cm interval received 100% of the surface input pulse, the 10\u201335 cm depth received a pulse of root inputs equivalent to 30% of the surface input pulse, and the 35\u201360 cm depth received root inputs equal to 10% of the surface input pulse. Surface litter pulses under hurricanes were specified according to measured litterfall values and were 42.5 g C m-2\u00ad to the surface in 1989 (Hurricane Hugo) and 1998 (Hurricane Georges) (Scatena et al., 1993; Silver et al., 1996) and 1611 g C m-2 \u00a0in 2017 (Hurricanes Irma and Maria) (Liu et al. 2018a). The same soil D14C and C stock observations were used to constrain the model under each scenario, with only the input regime varying. Parameters of the transfer matrix (-k\u00ad\u00adFLF, -k\u00ad\u00adOLF, -k\u00ad\u00adHF, a21, a32) were constrained using a cost function to accept or reject potential parameter sets over 1000 iterations, based on observed D14C and C stock means and standard errors from both time points (1988 and 2018). A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation initialized with cost-optimized parameters was run to assimilate observed data and optimize parameter choices to the observations using function modMCMC() from R package \u201cFME\u201d (Sierra et al., 2014; Soetaert & Petzoldt, 2010). The MCMC was iterated over at least 20,000 simulations or until parameter solutions converged according to the trace, which was over 100,000 iterations at the 35\u201360 cm depth. The first half of the iterations was considered the burn-in period before the chain started to converge near an equilibrium, and these iterations were discarded in calculations of optimal parameters. The model output for the surface soils of the HF pool was validated using published radiocarbon values from the mineral-associated fraction (the only fraction analyzed) of samples from the site taken in 2012 (Hall et al., 2015).\u00a0 Bulk and pool soil C age and transit time density distributions and mean values were calculated using the systemAge() and transitTime() functions from the \u201cSoilR\u201d package. Mean density distributions were calculated using the mean parameter set given from the MCMC analysis. Standard deviation from the mean was calculated using the systemAge() and transitTime() functions on 200 sets of five parameters selected randomly within one standard deviation of the mean of each parameter given as output from the MCMC. Lower and upper limits of SOC ages and transit times were calculated using the upper and lower ranges of these iterations. Statistics Statistics were run in R, version 4.0.2 (R Core Team, 2020). The statistical model selection followed the recommendations of Zuur et al (2009). Statistical models were chosen using a linear mixed effects model in package \u201clme4\u201d, with random slopes accounting for the influence each core, or sampling site, had on the response variable values as they varied with depth. This random effect of the core site on the depth effect was evaluated using a restricted maximum likelihood approach and was included in the initial evaluation of all model comparisons. Linear mixed effect models included year, topographic position, depth, and interactions as fixed factors, and the depth effect of each core as a random factor for each of the response variables: C concentration, N concentration, d13C, DD14C. In evaluations of some response variables with AIC and BIC criteria, the random effect no longer enhanced the model, and model comparison proceeded using ANOVAs of linear models without random effects. Topographic effects on C concentrations are discussed in the supplemental information. Model assumptions were evaluated using the check_model function in R package \u201cperformance\u201d, to check for multicollinearity, normality of residuals, homoscedasticity, homogeneity of variance, influential observations, and normality of random effects. In the cases when random effects were significant (bulk soil d13C and DD14C, FLF DD14C and HF C and N concentrations), fixed effects were chosen using ANOVA of subsequent models using maximum likelihood estimation, with the random effects held constant. Once fixed effects were established, the model was re-fitted using a restricted maximum likelihood approach to report model estimates, and an ANOVA was run to determine the significance of the response variable. In all cases, P-values were estimated using Tukey\u2019s honest significant post-hoc test to assess significant differences between variables, in the package \u201cagricolae\u201d in R, and contrasts and standard errors of contrasts were estimated using lsmeans() function in package \u201clsmeans\u201d in R. Values of\u00a0P < 0.10 were reported as significant unless otherwise specified. The topographic position was not a significant predictor for most variables, so results are reported as means aggregated across positions.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "Transit time", "Tropical forest soil", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil R", "density fractions", "Radiocarbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mayer, Allegra", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb5k"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb5k", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb5k", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb5k"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.s7867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:09Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Simple measures of climate, soil properties and plant traits predict national scale grassland soil carbon stocks", "description": "Open Access1. Soil carbon (C) storage is a key ecosystem service. Soil C stocks play a vital role in soil fertility and climate regulation, but the factors that control these stocks at regional and national scales are unknown, particularly when their composition and stability are considered. As a result, their mapping relies on either unreliable proxy measures or laborious direct measurements. 2. Using data from an extensive national survey of English grasslands, we show that surface soil (0\u20137 cm) C stocks in size fractions of varying stability can be predicted at both regional and national scales from plant traits and simple measures of soil and climatic conditions. 3. Soil C stocks in the largest pool, of intermediate particle size (50\u2013250 \u03bcm), were best explained by mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and soil moisture content. The second largest C pool, highly stable physically and biochemically protected particles (0\u00b745\u201350 \u03bcm), was explained by soil pH and the community abundance-weighted mean (CWM) leaf nitrogen (N) content, with the highest soil C stocks under N-rich vegetation. The C stock in the small active fraction (250\u20134000 \u03bcm) was explained by a wide range of variables: MAT, mean annual precipitation, mean growing season length, soil pH and CWM specific leaf area; stocks were higher under vegetation with thick and/or dense leaves. 4. Testing the models describing these fractions against data from an independent English region indicated moderately strong correlation between predicted and actual values and no systematic bias, with the exception of the active fraction, for which predictions were inaccurate. 5. Synthesis and applications. Validation indicates that readily available climate, soils and plant survey data can be effective in making local- to landscape-scale (1\u2013100 000 km2) soil C stock predictions. Such predictions are a crucial component of effective management strategies to protect C stocks and enhance soil C sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "particle size fractions", "plant traits", "soil organic matter", "15. Life on land", "Community weighted mean", "Soil carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manning, Peter, de Vries, Franciska T., Tallowin, Jerry R. B., Smith, Roger, Mortimer, Simon R., Pilgrim, Emma S., Harrison, Kate A., Wright, Daniel G., Quirk, Helen, Benson, Joseph, Shipley, Bill, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Kattge, Jens, B\u00f6nisch, Gerhard, Wirth, Christian, Bardgett, Richard D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7867"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.s7867", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.s7867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.s7867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: How do harvesting methods applied in continuous-cover forestry and rotation forest management impact soil carbon storage and degradability in boreal Scots pine forests?", "description": "unspecifiedA detailed method description can be found in the article published in Forest Ecology and Management and the supplementary material.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "Decomposition", "microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "Continuous-cover forestry", "FOS: Agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "15. Life on land", "incubation", "Soil organic matter fractions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1v2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Agricultural management affects active carbon and nitrogen mineralisation potential in soils", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Agricultural management - including soil amendments - can improve soil fertility and contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilising carbon in soils. This calls for cost-effective parameters to assess&amp;#160; the influence of management practices on SOM. The current study aimed at understanding how sensitive the parameters active/permanganate oxidisable carbon (AC) and nitrogen mineralisation potential (NMP) react to different agricultural management practices compared to total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). We aimed to gain a better understanding of SOM processes, mainly regarding depth distribution and seasonality of SOM dynamics using AC and NMP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Data were obtained in five Austrian long-term field experiments (LTEs) testing four management practices: i) tillage, ii) compost application, iii) crop residue management, and iv) mineral fertilisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;AC was specifically sensitive in detecting the effect of tillage treatment at different soil depths. NMP differentiated between all different tillage treatments in the top soil layer, it showed the temporal dynamics between the years in the compost LTE, and it was identified as an early detection property in the crop residue LTE. Both AC and NMP detected short-term fluctuations better than TOC and Nt over the course of two years in the crop residue LTE. Thus, we suggest that AC and NMP are two valuable soil biochemical parameters providing more detailed information on C and N dynamics regarding depth distribution and seasonal dynamics and react more sensitively to different agricultural management practices compared to TOC and Nt. They should be integrated in monitoring agricultural LTEs and in field analyses conducted by farmers. However, when evaluating results of long-term carbon storage, their sensitivity towards annual fluctuations should be taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "agricultural long-term experiments", "N-MINERALIZATION", "climate change mitigation", "", "agricultural long-term experiments", "", "climate change mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "soil organic matter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "ENZYME-ACTIVITIES", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "106026 Ecosystem research", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "early parameters of change", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "CROP", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PERMANGANATE-OXIDIZABLE CARBON", "6. Clean water", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "RESIDUE MANAGEMENT", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.202100130"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Extreme sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) to climate and land use change warrants further research in different terrestrial ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between aggregate and SOC dynamics in a chronosequence of three different land uses of a south Chilean Andisol: a second growth Nothofagus obliqua forest (SGFOR), a grassland (GRASS) and a Pinus radiata plantation (PINUS). Total carbon content of the 0-10cm soil layer was higher for GRASS (6.7 kg C m-2) than for PINUS (4.3 kg C m-2, while TC content of SGFOR (5.8 kg C m-2) was not significantly different from either one. High extractable oxalate and pyrophosphate Al concentrations (varying from 20.3-24.4 g kg-1, and 3.9-11.1 g kg-1, respectively) were found in all sites. In this study, SOC and aggregate dynamics were studied using size and density fractionation experiments of the SOC, \uffce\uffb413C and total carbon analysis of the different SOC fractions, and C mineralization experiments. The results showed that electrostatic sorption between and among amorphous Al components and clay minerals is mainly responsible for the formation of metal-humus-clay complexes and the stabilization of soil aggregates. The process of ligand exchange between SOC and Al would be of minor importance resulting in the absence of aggregate hierarchy in this soil type. Whole soil C mineralization rate constants were highest for SGFOR and PINUS, followed by GRASS (respectively 0.495, 0.266 and 0.196 g CO2-Cm-2d-1 for the top soil layer). In contrast, incubation experiments of isolated macro organic matter fractions gave opposite results, showing that the recalcitrance of the SOC decreased in another order: PINUS>SGFOR>GRASS. We deduced that electrostatic sorption processes and physical protection of SOC in soil aggregates were the main processes determining SOC stabilization. As a result, high aggregate carbon concentrations, varying from 148 till 48 g kg-1, were encountered for all land use sites. Al availability and electrostatic charges are dependent on pH, resulting in an important influence of soil pH on aggregate stability. Recalcitrance of the SOC did not appear to largely affect SOC stabilization. Statistical correlations between extractable amorphous Al contents, aggregate stability and C mineralization rate constants were encountered, supporting this hypothesis. Land use changes affected SOC dynamics and aggregate stability by modifying soil pH (and thus electrostatic charges and available Al content), root SOC input and management practices (such as ploughing and accompanying drying of the soil).

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "NEW-ZEALAND", "DENSITY FRACTIONS", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "HUMIC-ACID", "Life", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "CULTIVATED SOILS", "Ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ALUMINUM", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "MACROORGANIC MATTER", "C SEQUESTRATION", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOREST SOILS", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huygens, D., Boeckx, P., van Cleemput, O., Oyarz\u00fan, C., Godoy, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-159-2005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2-159-2005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10067563", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Cover crops improve soil structure and change OC distribution in aggregate fractions", "description": "Data set and R script on the statistic evaluation of soil data. The data derived from a long-term field trial at the Asendorf field station 70\u00a0km north of Hanover, Germany (49\u00a0m above sea level, 52\u00b045\u203248.4\u2032\u2032N 9\u00b001\u203224.3\u2032\u2032E). Data include soil data (OC, TN, bulk density, texture) as well as data from soil aggregate fractionation and evaluation of their aggregate stability.\u00a0 All methods and data will be described in an upcoming journal article (DOI will be provided soon).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon stocks", "soil aggregate stability", "catch crops", "cover crops", "15. Life on land", "soil aggregate fractions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gentsch, Norman", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10067563"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10067563", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10067563", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10067563"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13791160", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Agricultural management affects active carbon and nitrogen mineralisation potential in soils", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Agricultural management - including soil amendments - can improve soil fertility and contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilising carbon in soils. This calls for cost-effective parameters to assess&amp;#160; the influence of management practices on SOM. The current study aimed at understanding how sensitive the parameters active/permanganate oxidisable carbon (AC) and nitrogen mineralisation potential (NMP) react to different agricultural management practices compared to total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). We aimed to gain a better understanding of SOM processes, mainly regarding depth distribution and seasonality of SOM dynamics using AC and NMP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Data were obtained in five Austrian long-term field experiments (LTEs) testing four management practices: i) tillage, ii) compost application, iii) crop residue management, and iv) mineral fertilisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;AC was specifically sensitive in detecting the effect of tillage treatment at different soil depths. NMP differentiated between all different tillage treatments in the top soil layer, it showed the temporal dynamics between the years in the compost LTE, and it was identified as an early detection property in the crop residue LTE. Both AC and NMP detected short-term fluctuations better than TOC and Nt over the course of two years in the crop residue LTE. Thus, we suggest that AC and NMP are two valuable soil biochemical parameters providing more detailed information on C and N dynamics regarding depth distribution and seasonal dynamics and react more sensitively to different agricultural management practices compared to TOC and Nt. They should be integrated in monitoring agricultural LTEs and in field analyses conducted by farmers. However, when evaluating results of long-term carbon storage, their sensitivity towards annual fluctuations should be taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "agricultural long-term experiments", "N-MINERALIZATION", "climate change mitigation", "", "agricultural long-term experiments", "", "climate change mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "soil organic matter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "ENZYME-ACTIVITIES", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "106026 Ecosystem research", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "early parameters of change", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "CROP", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PERMANGANATE-OXIDIZABLE CARBON", "6. Clean water", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "RESIDUE MANAGEMENT", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.202100130"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13791160"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13791160", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13791160", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13791160"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14230855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Maps of topsoil (0-30 cm) properties of Tuscany (Italy)", "description": "Open AccessThe internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales. The topsoil (0-30 cm) properties maps are prepared to evaluate soil ecosystem services in SERENA/EJP-Soil and for applying SOC loss Cookbook and SOIL Loss Cookbook. In particular Soil Organic Carbon content map was directly considered as an application of SOC loss Cookbook (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13951265\u00a0Version 3). They are based on Tuscany Region soil database available at Geoscopio (https://www502.regione.toscana.it/geoscopio/pedologia.html) and on point soil data not freely available (Lamma Consortium). More information and requests to:\u00a0info@lamma.toscana.it. In accordance with the methodology reported in the Soil Organic Carbon Mapping Cookbook (Yigini et al., 2018), the following soil properties were mapped for all Tuscany Region: soil organic carbon content (dag/kg), soil organic carbon stock (t/ha), textural fractions (sand, silt and clay, USDA limits, dag/kg), rock fragments (vol/vol), pH in water, bulk density (g/cm3). They were obtained through Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) approach, based on correlations with numerous environmental factors and using Random Forest algorithm. All the maps have a 100 m spatial resolution.", "keywords": ["silt", "bulk density", "pH", "soil organic carbon content", "sand", "clay", "Grant n. 862695", "Digital Soil Mapping", "textural fractions", "Italy", "topsoil properties", "Tuscany", "soil organic carbon stock", "EJP-SOIL", "SERENA Project"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14230855"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14230855", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14230855", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14230855"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14510075", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data associated with Leuthold et al. - \"Decadal persistence of grassland soil organic matter derived from litter and pyrogenic inputs\"", "description": "These are data associated with the manuscript, 'Decadal persistence of grassland soil organic matter derived from litter and pyrogenic inputs', by Leuthold et al., published in Nature Geoscience on January 24, 2025. Included herein are 4 spreadsheets that contain information on the chemical and isotopic composition of soil organic matter fractions isolated via the combined-size density fractionation of soils sampled at the Konza Prarie LTER site in Kansas, USA. While data are present for depths below 5 cm, the bulk of the data are associated with samples from 0 - 2, and 2 - 5 cm. Two different experimental treatments are represented in the data. In one experimental treatment, isotopically enriched (13C and 15N) litter material (Andropogon gerardii) was applied to the soil surface and tracked into the soil organic matter over the course of 10 years. In the other, isotopically enriched (13C and 15N) pyrogenic organic matter was applied to the soil and similarly tracked for 9 years. Information about analysis instrumentation and addtional details available upon request. \u00a0 The analysis code, including the mixing models, statistics, and code for the data visualization are available on Github, in the linked repository. Any additional questions about the data can be directed to Dr. Sam Leuthold (sam.leuthold@colostate.edu).", "keywords": ["organic matter fractions", "POM", "carbon", "grasslands", "stable isotopes", "nitrogen", "MAOM", "soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leuthold, Samuel, Soong, Jennifer, Even, Rebecca, Cotrufo, M. Francesca,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14510075"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14510075", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14510075", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14510075"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15171280", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Supporting data for review article: Soil carbon saturation: what do we really know?", "description": "Supporting data for review article: Georgiou K., Angers D., Champiny R. E., Cotrufo M. F., Craig M. E., Doetterl S., Grandy A. S., Lavallee J. M., Lin Y., Lugato E., Poeplau C., Rocci K. S., Schweizer S. A., Six J., Wieder W. R. Soil carbon saturation: what do we really know? Global Change Biology, 2025. We leveraged data from several open-access global and continental-scale datasets of soil fractionation measurements, as detailed in the manuscript and supporting information. For this review article, we specifically focused on measurements of bulk and mineral-associated soil organic carbon (reported in units of gC/kg soil) and soil clay and silt content (reported as a %). This repository includes a data file and corresponding metadata file.", "keywords": ["mineral-associated organic carbon", "biogeochemistry", "soil carbon saturation", "soil fractions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Georgiou, Katerina", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15171280"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15171280", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15171280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15171280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5736535", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:57Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Supporting data for manuscript: Beyond Bulk", "description": "Open AccessWe used soil density fraction data from The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD v. 1.1.2 Lawrence et al., 2020; www.soilradiocarbon.org). ISRaD is an online repository for environmental radiocarbon data with a specific emphasis on soils and soil fractions. We utilized a subset of ISRaD data comprising measurements of radiocarbon (persistence), organic C concentration (abundance), or the proportion of organic C in the mineral-associated fraction (distribution) made on soil density fractions for the current analysis. Radiocarbon data are reported in units of \ufffd\ufffd14C (\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) normalized to account for the year of sampling (Shi et al., 2020) (see below). In studies that employed sequential density separation (isolation of multiple free light, occluded light, and heavy fractions for the same sample), the multiple fractions were combined by taking a mass-weighted average for C abundance and C-weighted average for \ufffd\ufffd14C values. C distribution among density fractions was normalized to sum to 100%. Overall, our meta-analysis included data from 52 studies. In addition to C measurements, ISRaD compiles ancillary data regarding site and sample characteristics that were either provided directly in the associated published works or provided as supplementary information from manuscript authors. When variables of interest were not available directly through ISRaD, these variables were populated through utilization of geolocated databases (see supplemental materials in associated published manuscript).", "keywords": ["soil fractions", " radiocarbon", " persistence", " soil organic matter", " soil carbon", " climate change", " terrestrial carbon cycle", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Heckman, Katherine A, Pries, Caitlin EH, Lawrence, Corey R, Rasmussen, Craig, Crow, Susan E, Hoyt, Alison M, von Fromm, Sophie F, Shi, Zheng, Stoner, Shane, McGrath, Casey, Beem-Miller, Jeffrey, Berhe, Asmeret A, Blankinship, Joseph C, Keiluweit, Marco, Mar\u00edn-Spiotta, Erika, Monroe, J Grey, Plante, Alain F, Sierra, Carlos A, Thompson, Aaron, Wagai, Rota,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5736535"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5736535", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5736535", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5736535"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5987415", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:57Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Synthesis data for manuscript: Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon", "description": "Supporting synthesis data for manuscript: Georgiou K., Jackson R. B., Vindu\u0161kov\u00e1 O., Abramoff R. Z., Ahlstr\u00f6m A., Feng W., Harden J. W., Pellegrini A. F. A., Polley H. W., Soong J. L., Riley W. J., Torn M. S. Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. Nature Communications, 2022. We performed an observational synthesis of soil fractionation data constituting 1,144 globally-distributed soil profiles from 78 studies that reported fractionation and bulk measurements of organic carbon across depths. This dataset includes measurements of mineral-associated, particulate, and bulk soil organic carbon, as well as ancillary data on edaphic, climate, and vegetation characteristics. We also performed a separate observational synthesis of soil carbon accrual from manipulation and chronosequence studies, which included changes in carbon stocks or concentrations, bulk density, experimental duration, and edaphic properties. This latter synthesis included 103 observations from 34 studies that spanned crop, pasture, grassland, and forest ecosystems across climates and soil types. Further details for both syntheses can be found in the methods and supplementary materials of the associated manuscript.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mineral-associated organic matter", "biogeochemistry", "soil organic matter", "15. Life on land", "carbon storage", "soil fractions", "particulate organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Georgiou, Katerina, Jackson, Robert B., Vindu\u0161kov\u00e1, Olga, Abramoff, Rose Z., Ahlstr\u00f6m, Anders, Feng, Wenting, Frouz, Jan, Harden, Jennifer W., Pellegrini, Adam. F. A., Polley, H. Wayne, Soong, Jennifer L., Riley, William J., Torn, Margaret S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5987415"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5987415", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5987415", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5987415"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5987644", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:57Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Supporting data for review article: The Global Distribution, Formation, and Fate of Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under a Changing Climate \u2013 A Trait-Based Perspective", "description": "Supporting data and code for review article: Sokol N.W., Whalen E.D., Kallenbach C., Pett-Ridge J., Georgiou K. The Global Distribution, Formation, and Fate of Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under a Changing Climate \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd A Trait-Based Perspective. Functional Ecology, 2022. We leveraged data from a global synthesis of soil fractionation measurements (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5987415). For this review article, we specifically focused on measurements of bulk and mineral-associated soil organic carbon concentrations (reported in units of gC/kg soil) and the proportion of bulk soil organic carbon that is mineral-associated (reported as a %). This subset also includes auxiliary data regarding climate and biome characteristics extracted from the synthesized papers; for more variables, see the original full dataset. K\ufffd\ufffdppen-Geiger climate zones were extracted from a georeferenced global database (using R package 'kgc' v1.0.0.2) with site coordinates, where available. Three files are provided in this repository: (1) data file, (2) metadata file, and (3) code for manuscript figures and summary statistics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mineral-associated organic matter", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "soil fractions", "particulate organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Georgiou, Katerina", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5987644"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5987644", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5987644", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5987644"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6539765", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:59Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Globally-gridded data for manuscript: Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon", "description": "Supporting globally-gridded data products for manuscript: Georgiou K., Jackson R. B., Vindu\u0161kov\u00e1 O., Abramoff R. Z., Ahlstr\u00f6m A., Feng W., Harden J. W., Pellegrini A. F. A., Polley H. W., Soong J. L., Riley W. J., Torn M. S. Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. Nature Communications, 2022. We leveraged data from a global synthesis of soil fractionation measurements (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5987415) along with ancillary data on climate, vegetation, and soil characteristics to produce spatially-explicit global estimates of mineral-associated soil organic carbon stocks (MOC) and mineralogical carbon capacity (MOCmax) in non-permafrost, non-desert mineral soils. Globally-gridded datasets are given in kgC/m2 for topsoil (0-30cm) and subsoil (30-100cm) at 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree spatial resolution.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mineral-associated organic matter", "biogeochemistry", "soil organic matter", "15. Life on land", "carbon storage", "soil fractions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Georgiou, Katerina, Jackson, Robert B., Vindu\u0161kov\u00e1, Olga, Abramoff, Rose Z., Ahlstr\u00f6m, Anders, Feng, Wenting, Harden, Jennifer W., Pellegrini, Adam. F. A., Polley, H. Wayne, Soong, Jennifer L., Riley, William J., Torn, Margaret S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6539765"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6539765", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6539765", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6539765"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7075158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:23:05Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Global Soil Bulk Density DataBase (GSBDDB)", "description": "We complied the Global Soil Bulk Density DataBase (GSBDDB). This database inlcudes 162,470 soil samples (35,805 sampling sites) with bulk density (BD) and soil organic cabron (SOC) for the globle. Among them, 96,705 soil samples have soil particle size fractions (i.e. clay, silt and sand) as well. In addtion, this dataset also records spatial coordinates, elevation, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, potential evapotranspiration and aridity index. This dataset is asscoated to the 'Towards improved pedotransfer functions for estimating soil bulk density using the global soil bulk density database (DSBDDB)' by Chen et al. (in preparation). Manuscript citation: Chen, S., Dai, L, Shuai Q., Xue, J., Zhang, X., Xiao, Y., et al. Towards improved pedotransfer functions for estimating soil bulk density using the global soil bulk density database (DSBDDB). In preparation. When using the data, please cite repositories as well as the original manuscript. For any questions on the data, please contact Dr. Songchao Chen (chensongchao@zju.edu.cn).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "environmental covariates", "soil depth", "soil particle size fractions", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "spatial coordinates", "soil bulk density"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Songchao Chen, Lingju Dai, Shuai, Qi, Xue, Jie, Xianglin Zhang, Xiao, Yi, Shi, Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7075158"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7075158", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7075158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7075158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/179481", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-19", "title": "Molecular Fingerprinting of14C Dated Soil Organic Matter Fractions from Archaeological Settings in NW Spain", "description": "Abstract

This paper evaluates the complexities of radiocarbon (14C) dates from soil organic matter (SOM) in archaeological scenarios. The aqueous NaOH-insoluble residual SOM from Neolithic to medieval sites in NW Spain produced consistently older calibrated14C ages than NaOH-extractable SOM. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-GC-MS), we analyzed the molecular composition of these SOM fractions, aiming to understand the differences in14C ages and to gain insight on SOM dynamics in relation to age fractionation. The molecular composition of the NaOH-extractable SOM, which accounts for roughly two-thirds of total SOM, has a larger proportion of microbial detritus than the NaOH-insoluble SOM. This might suggest that the discrepancies between the two fractions is due to microbial rejuvenation in the extractable fraction, leading to14C results that are younger than the activity that is to be dated. However, archaeological evidence presented here unambiguously shows that the14C age of the extractable SOM provides the more accurate age for the targeted activity, and that the insoluble fraction contains inherited old carbon. After statistical data evaluation using Partial Least Squares-Regression (PLS-R), it is concluded that this inherited SOM is a mixture of Black Carbon from wild and/or domestic fires and recalcitrant aliphatic SOM.This paper evaluates the complexities of radiocarbon (14C) dates from soil organic matter (SOM) in archaeological scenarios. The aqueous NaOH-insoluble residual SOM from Neolithic to medieval sites in NW Spain produced consistently older calibrated14C ages than NaOH-extractable SOM. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-GC-MS), we analyzed the molecular composition of these SOM fractions, aiming to understand the differences in14C ages and to gain insight on SOM dynamics in relation to age fractionation. The molecular composition of the NaOH-extractable SOM, which accounts for roughly two-thirds of total SOM, has a larger proportion of microbial detritus than the NaOH-insoluble SOM. This might suggest that the discrepancies between the two fractions is due to microbial rejuvenation in the extractable fraction, leading to14C results that are younger than the activity that is to be dated. However, archaeological evidence presented here unambiguously shows that the14C age of the extractable SOM provides the more accurate age for the targeted activity, and that the insoluble fraction contains inherited old carbon. After statistical data evaluation using Partial Least Squares-Regression (PLS-R), it is concluded that this inherited SOM is a mixture of Black Carbon from wild and/or domestic fires and recalcitrant aliphatic SOM.