{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166513", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-23", "title": "Does microplastic analysis method affect our understanding of microplastics in the environment?", "description": "Two analytical methods - both in active use at different laboratories - were tested and compared against each other to investigate how the procedure influences microplastic (MP) detection with micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (\u03bcFTIR) imaging. A representative composite water sample collected from the Danube River was divided into 12 subsamples, and processed following two different methods, which differed in MP isolation procedures, the optical substrate utilized for the chemical imaging, and the detection limit of the spectroscopic instruments. The first instrument had a nominal pixel resolution of 5.5\u00a0\u03bcm, while the second had a nominal resolution of 25\u00a0\u03bcm. These two methods led to different MP abundance, MP mass estimates, but not MP characteristics. Only looking at MPs\u00a0>\u00a050\u00a0\u03bcm, the first method showed a higher MP abundance, namely 418-2571 MP m-3 with MP mass estimates of 703-1900\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3, while the second method yielded 16.7-72.1 MP m-3 with mass estimates of 222-439\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3. Looking deeper into the steps of the methods showed that the MP isolation procedure contributed slightly to the difference in the result. However, the variability between individual samples was larger than the difference caused by the methods. Somewhat sample-dependent, the use of two different substrates (zinc selenide windows versus Anodisc filters) caused a substantial difference between results. This was due to a higher tendency for particles to agglomerate on the Anodisc filters, and an 'IR-halo' around particles on ZnSe windows when scanning with \u03bcFTIR. Finally, the \u03bcFTIR settings and nominal resolution caused significant differences in identifying MP size and mass estimate, which showed that the smaller the pixel size, the more accurately the particle boundary can be defined. These findings contributed to explaining disagreements between studies and addressed the importance of harmonization of methods.", "keywords": ["Methodological approaches", "Microplastic isolation", "Comparisons", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "FTIR analysis", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166513"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166513", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166513", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166513"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-28", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Content And Composition As Influenced By Soil Management In A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Agro-Silvo-Pastoral System", "description": "Abstract   The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different long term soil managements on soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality in a semi-arid Mediterranean dehesa-like agro-forestry system (North-East of Sardinia, Italy). Seven soil managements were compared: cork oak forest, pasture under oak trees, open pasture, hay crop under oak trees, open hay crop, grass-covered vineyard and tilled vineyard. Analyses include chemical and spectroscopic (FT-IR) characterization of the humic substances (fulvic acids, humic acids and humin) of the A horizons. Lower amounts of total organic C and humic substances were found in the more disturbed soils such as those of the tilled vineyard, while the other soil managements showed a rather similar pattern for many indices of SOM quality (e.g., HA-C/FA-C, fulvic H/C and humic and fulvic C/N ratios) and for spectroscopic characteristics. These results indicated that the impact of soil management on the humic composition was relatively low for these sub-acid (pH ranging from 5.1 to 6.4) sandy soils under Mediterranean type of climate. The relatively small differences between the forest and the grassland land uses also suggested that the periodical light tillage applied to the grassland did not strongly affect SOM accumulation in the topsoil of this land use. In the oak forest soils, a sharp decrease (\u201377%) of the organic C from the thin A1 to the A2 horizon was observed, which could constrain the resilience of these soils towards disturbance factors, while the grasslands soils, where the organic C sequestration occurred in a thick horizon, may be more resilient.  The compared soil managements revealed to be quite conservative, demonstrating that the traditional agro-silvo-pastoral management practices are effective in maintaining relatively good soil quality traits under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Humic substances; Cork oak forest; Wooded grassland; Vineyard; FTIR spectroscopy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Organic Matter Stabilization In Soil Aggregates: Understanding The Biogeochemical Mechanisms That Determine The Fate Of Carbon Inputs In Soils", "description": "Abstract   We studied the biochemical and biophysical processes of carbon sequestration in an intensive agroforestry system on two soils (Feralsol \u2013 Luero; Arenosol \u2013 Teso) in W. Kenya to elucidate the mechanisms associated with long-term carbon storage. Specifically, we looked at a top-down model (macro-aggregates form around organic matter particles and micro-aggregates form within the macro-aggregates) and a bottom-up model (micro-aggregates form independently and are incorporated into macro-aggregates) of soil aggregate formation. Soil samples were collected from experiments on improved tree fallows using different species and two tillage treatments; water-stable aggregates were extracted and sorted into three size classes: macro-aggregates (>\u00a0212\u00a0\u03bcm), meso-aggregates (53\u2013212\u00a0\u03bcm) and micro-aggregates (20\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm). Organic matter characterization of each fraction was based on 13C isotope abundance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the abundance of polysaccharides. Improved fallows increased soil C by 0.28 and 0.26\u00a0kg m\u00ad2 in the top 20\u00a0cm of the soil profile in Luero and Teso, respectively. Tillage altered the distribution of aggregates among size classes. Changes in the \u03b413C signature in each fraction indicated that more of the new carbon was found in the macro-aggregates (35\u201370%) and meso-aggregates (18\u201349%) in Luero and less (9\u201317%) was found in the micro-aggregates. In Teso, about 40\u201380% of the new aggregate C was found in the meso-aggregates, 14\u201345% was found in the micro-aggregates and only 4\u201326% was found in the macro-aggregates. The meso-aggregates and macro-aggregates to a lesser extent, in both sites, were enriched in carboxylic-C and aromatic-C, indicating the importance of OM decomposition and plant-derived C in the stabilization of larger aggregates, supporting the top-down model of aggregate formation. Microbially derived polysaccharides play a leading role in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and carboxylic-C promotes stabilization through surface occlusion. This bottom-up process is essential to promote long-term carbon sequestration in soils. Additionally, the micro-aggregates at both sites were enriched in polysaccharides and had elevated ratios of galactose + mannose:arabinose + xylose than the other aggregate fractions, indicating the importance of microbial processes in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and supporting the bottom-up model.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Aggregates", "fallow", "C-13", "carbon", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil", "Improved", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-31", "title": "Exploration of occurrence and sources of microplastics (&gt;10 \u03bcm) in Danish marine waters", "description": "Microplastics (MPs) were quantified in Danish marine waters of the Kattegat and the southernmost part of Skagerrak bordering to it. Kattegat is a waterbody between Denmark and Sweden that receives inflow from the Baltic Sea and direct urban runoff from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen and Malm\u00f6. MPs were measured in 14 continuous transects while steaming between monitoring stations. MP levels tended to be highest close to the Copenhagen-Malm\u00f6 area, albeit this was more obvious from the abundance of particles rather than mass. The outcome of the measurements allowed a rough MP budget in the Danish Straits region, suggesting that urban waste- and stormwater discharges could not be neglected as potential MP source in these waters. The marine samples were collected by pumping and filtering water over 10 \u03bcm steel filters, hereby sampling a total of 19.3 m3. They were prepared and analyzed by FPA-\u03bcFTIR imaging, and the scans interpreted to yield MP size, shape, polymer type, and estimated mass. The average concentration was 103 \u00b1 86 items m-3, corresponding to 23.3 \u00b1 28.3 \u03bcg m-3 (17-286 items m-3; 0.6-84.1 \u03bcg m-3). Most MPs were smaller than 100 \u03bcm and fragments dominated the samples. The carbonyl index was assessed for polyolefins, showing that oxidation increased with decreasing MP size, but did not correlate with distance to urban areas. A rough budget of MP in the Danish Straits region suggested that MPs discharged from urban waste- and stormwaters were an import source of MPs.", "keywords": ["MP abundance", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "\u03bcFTIR-imaging", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "11. Sustainability", "Microplastic sources", "Mass concentration", "14. Life underwater", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/sustainable_cities_and_communities; name=SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.trac.2022.116819", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-11", "title": "Microplastics and nanoplastics in food, water, and beverages, part II. Methods", "description": "Since microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have started emerging as ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, a variety of analytical techniques has been developed and tested for the detection and characterization of polymer particles at a micro- and nano-scale. Yet, no unique method stands out for its ability to yield all the relevant information required to properly address MP and NP contamination in the environment, and even less so in food material. In this review, several approaches to sample preparation and isolation of MPs from food matrices are reported, well-established and promising emerging analytical techniques for the detection and characterization of MPs and NPs are described and discussed. The information reported in this review shows that even the most widely used methods are still under development and MP/NP analysis is still far away from method validation and standardization. The establishment of rigorous best practices to yield reliable data and build a comprehensive knowledge of MP and NP occurrence in food is essential for the implementation of strategies and policies to address MP/NP pollution. Therefore, an outlook of the field towards harmonization and quality improvement of MP/NP analysis is included in this review.", "keywords": ["Vibrational spectroscopy", "Microscopy", "Mass spectrometry", "Sample preparation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "Validation", "AFM-IR", "Raman", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116819"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/TrAC%20Trends%20in%20Analytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.trac.2022.116819", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.trac.2022.116819", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116819"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-05", "title": "Linking molecular size, composition and carbon turnover of extractable soil microbial compounds", "description": "Microbial contribution to the maintenance and turnover of soil organic matter is significant. Yet, we do not have a thorough understanding of how biochemical composition of soil microbial biomass is related to carbon turnover and persistence of different microbial components. Using a suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, we investigated the molecular characteristics of extractable microbial biomass and linked it to its carbon turnover time. A 13CO2 plant pulse labelling experiment was used to trace plant carbon into rhizosphere soil microbial biomass, which was obtained by chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE). 13C content in molecular size classes of extracted microbial compounds was analysed using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to high performance liquid chromatography\u2013isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SEC-HPLC-IRMS). Molecular characterization of microbial compounds was performed using complementary approaches, namely SEC-HPLC coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SEC-HPLC-FTIR) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). SEC-HPLC-FTIR suggests that mid to high molecular weight (MW) microbial compounds were richer in aliphatic CH bonds, carbohydrate-like compounds and possibly Pdouble bond; length as m-dashO derivatives from phospholipids. On the contrary, the lower size range was characterized by more oxidised compounds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether and/or carboxyl groups. ESI-FT-ICR-MS suggests that microbial compounds were largely aliphatic and richer in N than the background detrital material. Both molecular characterization tools suggest that CFE derived microbial biomass was largely lipid, carbohydrate and protein derived. SEC-HPLC-IRMS analysis revealed that 13C enrichment decreased with increasing MW of microbial compounds and the turnover time was deduced as 12.8 \u00b1 0.6, 18.5 \u00b1 0.6 and 22.9 \u00b1 0.7 days for low, mid and high MW size classes, respectively. We conclude that low MW compounds represent the rapidly turned-over metabolite fraction of extractable soil microbial biomass consisting of organic acids, alcohols, amino acids and sugars; whereas, larger structural compounds are part of the cell envelope (likely membrane lipids, proteins or polysaccharides) with a much lower renewal rate. This relation of microbial carbon turnover to its molecular size, structure and composition thus highlights the significance of cellular biochemistry in determining the microbial contribution to soil carbon cycling and specifically soil organic matter formation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "HPLC-FTIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land", "ESI-FT-ICR-MS", "chloroform fumigation extraction", "HPLC-IRMS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2022-0006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-04", "title": "Monitoring guidelines for polymer identification, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and data reporting for monitoring of microplastics in the Arctic environment", "description": "<p> The pollution of the environment with plastics is of growing concern worldwide, including the Arctic region. While larger plastic pieces are a visible pollution issue, smaller microplastics are not visible with the naked eye. These particles are available for interaction by Arctic biota and have become a concern for animal and human health. The determination of microplastic properties includes several methodological steps, i.e., sampling, extraction, quantification, and chemical identification. This review discusses suitable analytical tools for the identification, quantification, and characterization of microplastics in the context of monitoring in the Arctic. It further addresses quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), which is particularly important for the determination of microplastic in the Arctic, as both contamination and analyte losses can occur. It presents specific QA/QC measures for sampling procedures and for the handling of samples in the laboratory, either on land or on ship, and considering the small size of microplastics as well as the high risk of contamination. The review depicts which data should be mandatory to report, thereby supporting a framework for harmonized data reporting. </p>", "keywords": [":Analytisk kjemi: 445 [VDP]", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Environmental engineering", "QA/QC", "02 engineering and technology", "Massespektrografi", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", ":Analytical chemistry: 445 [VDP]", "Arctic", "VDP::Analytical chemistry: 445", "GE1-350", "14. Life underwater", "QA", "Raman", "QC", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "reporting", "Mass spectrometry", "TED-GC/MS", "TED-GC", "py-GC/MS", "Microplastic", "py-GC", "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy", "MS", "VDP::Analytisk kjemi: 445", "TA170-171", "Microplast", "620", "Environmental sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "monitoring", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "microscopy", "microplastic"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/536963/1/primpke-et-al-2022-monitoring-of-microplastic-pollution-in-the-arctic-recent-developments-in-polymer-identification.pdf"}, {"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2022-0006"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arctic%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/as-2022-0006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/as-2022-0006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/as-2022-0006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4498590", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-19", "title": "It Matters How We Measure - Quantification of Microplastics in Drinking Water by \u03bcFTIR and \u03bcRaman", "description": "The water treatment for microplastics (MP) at a Danish groundwater-based waterworks was assessed by Fourier-Transform IR micro-spectroscopy (\u03bcFTIR) (nominal size limit 6.6\u00a0\u03bcm) and compared to results from Raman micro-spectroscopy (\u03bcRaman) (nominal size limit 1.0\u00a0\u03bcm) on the same sample set. The MP abundance at the waterworks' inlet and outlet was quantified as MP counts per cubic metre (N/m3) and estimated MP mass per cubic metre (\u03bcg/m3). The waterworks' MP removal efficiency was found to be higher when analysing by \u03bcFTIR (counts: 78.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.70%, mass: 98.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.10%) and less fluctuating than when using \u03bcRaman (counts: 43.2%, mass: 75.1%). However, both techniques pointed to a value of \u223c80% for the counts' removal efficiency of MPs >6.6\u00a0\u03bcm. Contrarily to what was shown by \u03bcRaman, no systematic leaking of MPs from the plastic elements of the facility could be identified for the \u03bcFTIR dataset, either from the counts (inlet 31.86\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.17\u00a0N/m3, outlet 4.98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.09\u00a0N/m3) or mass estimate (inlet 76.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0106.30\u00a0\u03bcg/m3, outlet 2.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.78\u00a0\u03bcg/m3). The estimation of human MP intake from drinking water calculated from the \u03bcFTIR data (5\u00a0N/(year\u00b7capita)) proved to be approximately 332 times lower than that calculated from the \u03bcRaman dataset, although in line with previous studies employing \u03bcFTIR. By merging the MP length datasets from the two techniques, it could be shown that false negatives became prevalent in the \u03bcFTIR dataset already below 50\u00a0\u03bcm. Further, by fitting the overall frequency of the MP length ranges with a power function, it could be shown that \u03bcFTIR missed approximately 95.7% of the extrapolated MP population (1-1865.9\u00a0\u03bcm). Consequently, relying on only \u03bcFTIR may have led to underestimating the MP content of the investigated drinking water, as most of the 1-50\u00a0\u03bcm\u00a0MP would have been missed.", "keywords": ["Social sciences (General)", "H1-99", "Q1-390", "FTIR micro-spectroscopy", "Science (General)", "Microplastics", "Raman micro-spectroscopy", "Drinking water", "6. Clean water", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4498590"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Heliyon", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4498590", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4498590", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4498590"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp9w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:35Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-01-03", "title": "Organo-organic interactions dominantly drive soil organic carbon accrual", "description": "unspecifiedOrgano-mineral interactions have been regarded as the primary mechanism  for the stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) over decadal to  millennial timescales, and the capacity for soil carbon (C) storage has  commonly been assessed based on soil mineralogical attributes,  particularly mineral surface availability. However, it remains contentious  whether soil C sequestration is exclusively governed by mineral vacancies,  making it challenging to accurately predict SOC dynamics. Here, through a  400-day incubation experiment using 13C-labeled organic materials in two  contrasting soils (i.e., Mollisol and Ultisol), we show that despite the  unsaturation of mineral surfaces in both soils, the newly incorporated C  predominantly adheres to 'dirty' mineral surfaces coated with  native organic matter (OM), demonstrating the crucial role of  organo-organic interactions in exogenous C sequestration. Such  interactions lead to multilayered C accumulation that is not constrained  by mineral vacancies, a process distinct from direct organo-mineral  contacts. The coverage of native OM by new C, representing the degree of  organo-organic interactions, is noticeably larger in Ultisol (~14.2%) than  in Mollisol (~5.8%), amounting to the net retention of exogenous C in  Ultisol by 0.2\u20131.3 g kg\u22121 and in Mollisol by 0.1\u20131.0 g kg\u22121. Additionally,  organo-organic interactions are primarily mediated by polysaccharide-rich  microbial necromass. Further evidence indicates that iron oxides can  selectively preserve polysaccharide compounds, thereby promoting the  organo-organic interactions. Overall, our findings provide direct  empirical evidence for an overlooked but critically important pathway of C  accumulation, challenging the prevailing \u201cC saturation\u201d concept that  emphasizes the overriding role of mineral vacancies. It is estimated that,  through organo-organic interactions, global Mollisols and Ultisols might  sequester ~0.1\u20131.0 Pg C and ~0.3\u20131.7 Pg C per year, respectively,  corresponding to the neutralization of ca. 0.5%\u20133.0% of soil C emissions  or 5%\u201330% of fossil fuel combustion globally.", "keywords": ["organo-organic interactions", "mineral-associated organic carbon", "SR-FTIR", "SOC accrual", "NanoSIMS", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "microbial necromass", "stable C isotope"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kang, Jie, Qu, Chenchen, Chen, Wenli, Cai, Peng, Chen, Chengrong, Huang, Qiaoyun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp9w"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp9w", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp9w", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp9w"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:37Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-09-28", "title": "Carbon availability affects already large species-specific differences in chemical composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia in pure culture", "description": "unspecifiedAlthough ectomycorrhizal (ECM) contribution to soil organic matter  processes receives increased attention, little is known about fundamental  differences in chemical composition among species, and how that may be  affected by carbon (C) availability. Here we study how 16 species (incl.  19 isolates) grown in pure culture at three different C:N ratios (10:1,  20:1 and 40:1) vary in chemical structure, using Fourier transform  infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We hypothesised that C availability impacts  directly on chemical composition, expecting increased C availability to  lead to more carbohydrates and less proteins in the mycelia. There were  strong and significant effects of ECM species (R2 = 0.873 and P = 0.001)  and large species-specific differences in chemical composition. Chemical  composition also changed significantly with C availability, and increased  C led to more polysaccharides and less proteins for many species, but not  all. Understanding how chemical composition change with altered C  availability is a first step towards understanding their role in organic  matter accumulation and decomposition.", "keywords": ["Pure culture", "cell wall composition", "carbon availability", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "Carbohydrates", "Fungi", "Chemical composition", "Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy", "Proteins", "15. Life on land", "C:N ratio", "soil organic carbon", "FTIR spectra", "FOS: Biological sciences", "mycelia"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fransson, Petra, Robertson, A H Jean, Campbell, Colin D,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hhb"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.17092587", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Peatland Mid-Infrared Database (1.0.0)", "description": "README  2025-09-10     Introduction  The peatland mid-infrared database (pmird) stores data from peat, vegetation, litter, and dissolved organic matter samples, in particular mid-infrared spectra and other variables, from previously published and unpublished data sources. The majority of samples in the database are peat samples from northern bogs. Currently, the database contains entries from 26 studies, 11216 samples, and 3877 mid infrared spectra. The aim is to provide a harmonized data source that can be useful to re-analyse existing data, analyze peat chemistry, develop and test spectral prediction models, and provide data on various peat properties.     Usage notes    Download and Setup  The peatland mid-infrared database can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17092587. The publication contains the following files and folders:      pmird-backup-2025-09-10.sql: A mysqldump backup of the pmird database.     pmird_prepared_data: A folder that contains:    Folders like c00001-2020-08-17-Hodgkins with the raw spectra for samples from each dataset in the pmird database (see below for how to import the spectra).  Files like pmird_prepare_data_c00001-2020-08-17-Hodgkins.Rmd that contain the R code used to process and import the data from each dataset into the database. Corresponding html files contain the compiled scripts.  pmird_prepare_data.Rmd: An Rmarkdown script that was used to run the scripts that created the database (the top level script).      mysql_scripts: A folder that contains:    pmird_mysql_initialization.sql: MariaDB script to initialize the database.  001-db-initialize.Rmd: Rmarkdown script that executes pmird_mysql_initialization.sql and populated dataset-independent tables.  add-citations.Rmd: Rmarkdown script that adds information on references to the database.  add-licenses.Rmd: Rmarkdown script that adds information on licenses to the database.  add-mir-metadata-quality.Rmd Rmarkdown script that adds information on the quality of the infrared spectra to the database.      Dockerfile: A Dockerfile that defines the computing environment used to create the database.     renv.lock A renv.lock file that lists the R packages used to create the database.    The database can be set up as follows: The downloaded database needs to be imported in a running MariaDB instance. In a linux terminal, the downloaded sql file can be imported like so:  mysql -u<user> -p pmird < pmird-backup-2025-09-10.sql  Here, <user> is the database user name.  The database itself does not contain the infrared spectra. These data are in folder pmird_prepared_data which needs to be stored at any place in the file system.      R interface  The R package \u2018pmird\u2019 (Teickner 2025) provides an R interface to the database, based on the packages \u2018RMariaDB\u2019 (M\u00fcller et al. 2021) and \u2018dm\u2019 (Schieferdecker, M\u00fcller, and Bergant 2022). This interface can also be used to import the mid-infrared spectra that belong to extracted data records (please see the documentation of the \u2018pmird\u2019 R package for details, https://henningte.github.io/pmird/).     Citation  If you use data from the Peat Decomposition Database, cite the database and each of the original data sources you use. Bibliographic information on each data source are stored in table datasets (column reference_publication).  The database can be cited as:    Teickner, H., Agethen, S., Berger, S., Boelsen, R. I., Borken, W., Bragazza, L., Broder, T., De La Cruz, F. B., Diaconu, A.-C., Dise, N. B., Drollinger, S., Estop-Aragon\u00e9s, C., Ga\u0142ka, M., Mart\u00ed, M., Glatzel, S., Gro\u00df, J., Harris, L., Heffernan, L., Hodgkins, S. B., \u2026 Knorr, K.-H. (2025). Peatland mid-infrared database [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17092587      Data sources  Data in the database were derived from the following sources: De la Cruz, Osborne, and Barlaz (2016), Hodgkins et al. (2018), Knierzinger et al. (2020), Knierzinger (2020), M\u00fcnchberger (2019), M\u00fcnchberger et al. (2019), Schuster et al. (2022), Drollinger, Kuzyakov, and Glatzel (2019), Drollinger et al. (2020), Agethen and Knorr (2018), Kendall (2020), L. I. Harris et al. (2023), L. Harris and Olefeldt (2023), Pelletier et al. (2017), Teickner, Gao, and Knorr (2021), Teickner, Gao, and Knorr (2022), Heffernan (2019), Heffernan et al. (2020), Broder et al. (2012), Anzenhofer (2014), Mathijssen et al. (2019), Wagner (2013), H\u00f6mberg (2014), Berger et al. (2017), Berger et al. (2018), Moore et al. (2019), Diaconu et al. (2020), Ga\u0142ka, H\u00f6lzer, et al. (2022), Ga\u0142ka, Diaconu, et al. (2022), Harris et al. (2018), Harris et al. (2019), Boothroyd et al. (2021), Worrall (2021), Reuter et al. (2019b), Reuter et al. (2019a), Reuter et al. (2020), Liu and Lennartz (2019), Moore et al. (2005), Turunen et al. (2004).     Acknowledgements  Development of this database was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) grant no. KN 929/23-1 to Klaus-Holger Knorr and grant no. PE 1632/18-1 to Edzer Pebesma.     References      Agethen, Svenja, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2018. \u201cJuncus Effusus Mono-Stands in Restored Cutover Peat Bogs \u2013 Analysis of Litter Quality, Controls of Anaerobic Decomposition, and the Risk of Secondary Carbon Loss.\u201d Soil Biology and Biochemistry 117: 139\u201352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.11.020.     Anzenhofer, Regina. 2014. \u201cBiogeochemical Characterization of Peat Profiles Along a Vegetation Gradient in an Ombrotrophic Bog, Patagonia.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis.     Berger, Sina, Gerhard Gebauer, Christian Blodau, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2017. \u201cPeatlands in a Eutrophic World \u2013 Assessing the State of a Poor Fen-Bog Transition in Southern Ontario, Canada, After Long Term Nutrient Input and Altered Hydrological Conditions.\u201d Soil Biology and Biochemistry 114 (November): 131\u201344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.07.011.     Berger, Sina, Leandra S. E. Praetzel, Marie Goebel, Christian Blodau, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2018. \u201cDifferential Response of Carbon Cycling to Long-Term Nutrient Input and Altered Hydrological Conditions in a Continental Canadian Peatland.\u201d Biogeosciences 15 (3): 885\u2013903. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-885-2018.     Boothroyd, I. M., F. Worrall, C. S. Moody, G. D. Clay, G. D. Abbott, and R. Rose. 2021. \u201cSulfur Constraints on the Carbon Cycle of a Blanket Bog Peatland.\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 126 (8). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006435.     Broder, T., C. Blodau, H. Biester, and K. H. Knorr. 2012. \u201cPeat Decomposition Records in Three Pristine Ombrotrophic Bogs in Southern Patagonia.\u201d Biogeosciences 9 (4): 1479\u201391. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1479-2012.     De la Cruz, Florentino B., Jason Osborne, and Morton A. Barlaz. 2016. \u201cDetermination of Sources of Organic Matter in Solid Waste by Analysis of Phenolic Copper Oxide Oxidation Products of Lignin.\u201d Journal of Environmental Engineering 142 (2): 04015076. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001038.     Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, Ioan Tan\u0163\u0103u, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Werner Borken, Angelica Feurdean, Andrei Panait, and Mariusz Ga\u0142ka. 2020. \u201cA Multi-Proxy Analysis of Hydroclimate Trends in an Ombrotrophic Bog over the Last Millennium in the Eastern Carpathians of Romania.\u201d Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 538 (January): 109390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109390.     Drollinger, Simon, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Wolfgang Knierzinger, and Stephan Glatzel. 2020. \u201cPeat Decomposition Proxies of Alpine Bogs Along a Degradation Gradient.\u201d Geoderma 369 (June): 114331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114331.     Drollinger, Simon, Yakov Kuzyakov, and Stephan Glatzel. 2019. \u201cEffects of Peat Decomposition on \u03b413C and \u03b415N Depth Profiles of Alpine Bogs.\u201d CATENA 178 (July): 1\u201310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.02.027.        Ga\u0142ka, Mariusz, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Angelica Feurdean, Julie Loisel, Henning Teickner, Tanja Broder, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2022. \u201cRelations of Fire, Palaeohydrology, Vegetation Succession, and Carbon Accumulation, as Reconstructed from a Mountain Bog in the Harz Mountains (Germany) During the Last 6200 Years.\u201d Geoderma 424 (October): 115991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115991.     Ga\u0142ka, Mariusz, Adam H\u00f6lzer, Angelica Feurdean, Julie Loisel, Henning Teickner, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Marta Szal, Tanja Broder, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2022. \u201cInsight into the Factors of Mountain Bog and Forest Development in the Schwarzwald Mts.: Implications for Ecological Restoration.\u201d Ecological Indicators 140 (July): 109039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109039.     Harris, Lorna I., Tim R. Moore, Nigel T. Roulet, and Andrew J. Pinsonneault. 2019. \u201cData from: Lichens: A Limit to Peat Growth?\u201d Data. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s136dc8.     \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2018. \u201cLichens: A Limit to Peat Growth?\u201d Edited by John Lee. Journal of Ecology 106 (6): 2301\u201319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12975.     Harris, Lorna I., David Olefeldt, Nicolas Pelletier, Christian Blodau, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Julie Talbot, Liam Heffernan, and Merritt Turetsky. 2023. \u201cPermafrost Thaw Causes Large Carbon Loss in Boreal Peatlands While Changes to Peat Quality Are Limited.\u201d Global Change Biology, August, gcb.16894. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16894.     Harris, Lorna, and David Olefeldt. 2023. \u201cPermafrost Thaw Causes Large Carbon Loss in Boreal Peatlands While Changes to Peat Quality Are Limited.\u201d Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.47D7WM3KK.     Heffernan, Liam. 2019. \u201cPeat Carbon, \u03b414C, Macrofossil, and Humification Data from a Thawing Permafrost Peatland in Western Canada.\u201d UAL Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7939/DVN/MKM0ZE.           Heffernan, Liam, Cristian Estop-Aragon\u00e9s, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Julie Talbot, and David Olefeldt. 2020. \u201cLong-Term Impacts of Permafrost Thaw on Carbon Storage in Peatlands: Deep Losses Offset by Surficial Accumulation.\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 125 (3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005501.     Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Curtis J. Richardson, Ren\u00e9 Dommain, Hongjun Wang, Paul H. Glaser, Brittany Verbeke, B. Rose Winkler, et al. 2018. \u201cTropical Peatland Carbon Storage Linked to Global Latitudinal Trends in Peat Recalcitrance.\u201d Nature Communications 9 (1): 3640. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2.     H\u00f6mberg, Annkathrin. 2014. \u201cGeochemische Charakterisierung von Mooren der Changbai Mountains.\u201d Bachelor thesis, M\u00fcnster: M\u00fcnster.     Kendall, Rachel Anne. 2020. \u201cMicrobial and Substrate Decomposition Factors in Commercially Extracted Peatlands in Canada.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, Montr\u00e9al: McGill University.     Knierzinger, Wolfgang. 2020. \u201c(Bio)Geochemical Data P\u00fcrgschachen Moor.\u201d Pangaea.     Knierzinger, Wolfgang, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Simon Drollinger, Andreas Limbeck, Lukas Brunnbauer, Felix Horak, Daniela Festi, and Michael Wagreich. 2020. \u201cAnthropogenic and Climate Signals in Late-Holocene Peat Layers of an Ombrotrophic Bog in the Styrian Enns Valley (Austrian Alps).\u201d E&G Quaternary Science Journal 69 (2): 121\u201337. https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020.     Liu, Haojie, and Bernd Lennartz. 2019. \u201cHydraulic Properties of Peat Soils Along a Bulk Density Gradient-A Meta Study.\u201d Hydrological Processes 33 (1): 101\u201314. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13314.     Mathijssen, Paul J. H., Mariusz Ga\u0142ka, Werner Borken, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2019. \u201cPlant Communities Control Long Term Carbon Accumulation and Biogeochemical Gradients in a Patagonian Bog.\u201d Science of the Total Environment 684 (September): 670\u201381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.310.     Moore, Tim, Christian Blodau, Jukka Turunen, Nigel T. Roulet, and Pierre J. H. Richard. 2005. \u201cPatterns of Nitrogen and Sulfur Accumulation and Retention in Ombrotrophic Bogs, Eastern Canada.\u201d Global Change Biology 11 (2): 356\u201367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00882.x.     Moore, Tim R., Klaus-Holger Knorr, Lauren Thompson, Cameron Roy, and Jill L. Bubier. 2019. \u201cThe Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Peat in an Ombrotrophic Bog.\u201d Geoderma 343 (June): 176\u201386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.034.     M\u00fcller, Kirill, Jeroen Ooms, David James, Saikat DebRoy, Hadley Wickham, and Jeffrey Horner. 2021. \u201cRMariaDB: Database Interface and \u2019MariaDB\u2019 Driver.\u201d     M\u00fcnchberger, Wiebke. 2019. \u201cPast and Present Carbon Dynamics in Contrasting South Patagonian Bog Ecosystems.\u201d PhD thesis, M\u00fcnster: University M\u00fcnster.     M\u00fcnchberger, Wiebke, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Ver\u00f3nica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker. 2019. \u201cZero to Moderate Methane Emissions in a Densely Rooted, Pristine Patagonian Bog \u2013 Biogeochemical Controls as Revealed from Isotopic Evidence.\u201d Biogeosciences 16 (2): 541\u201359. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019.     Pelletier, Nicolas, Julie Talbot, David Olefeldt, Merritt Turetsky, Christian Blodau, Oliver Sonnentag, and William L Quinton. 2017. \u201cInfluence of Holocene Permafrost Aggradation and Thaw on the Paleoecology and Carbon Storage of a Peatland Complex in Northwestern Canada.\u201d The Holocene 27 (9): 1391\u20131405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683617693899.     Reuter, Hendrik, Julia Gensel, Marcus Elvert, and Dominik Zak. 2019a. \u201cCuO Lignin, and Bulk Decomposition Data of a 75-Day Anoxic Phragmites Australis Litter Decomposition Experiment in Soil Substrates from Three Northeast German Wetlands.\u201d PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902176.     \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2019b. \u201cInfrared Spectra (FTIR) of Phragmites Australis Litter, Initial and After Anoxic Decomposition in Three Wetland Substrates.\u201d PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902069.     \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2020. \u201cEvidence for Preferential Protein Depolymerization in Wetland Soils in Response to External Nitrogen Availability Provided by a Novel FTIR Routine.\u201d Biogeosciences 17 (2): 499\u2013514. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020.     Schieferdecker, Tobias, Kirill M\u00fcller, and Darko Bergant. 2022. \u201cdm: Relational Data Models.\u201d     Schuster, Wiebke, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Mariusz Ga\u0142ka, Werner Borken, Ver\u00f3nica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker. 2022. \u201cControl of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation by Vegetation in Pristine Bogs of Southern Patagonia.\u201d Science of the Total Environment 810 (March): 151293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151293.     Teickner, Henning. 2025. \u201cpmird: R Interface to the Peatland Mid Infrared Spectra Database.\u201d     Teickner, Henning, Chuanyu Gao, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2021. \u201cReproducible Research Compendium with R Code and Data for: \u2019Electrochemical Properties of Peat Particulate Organic Matter on a Global Scale: Relation to Peat Chemistry and Degree of Decomposition\u2019.\u201d Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792970.     \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2022. \u201cElectrochemical Properties of Peat Particulate Organic Matter on a Global Scale: Relation to Peat Chemistry and Degree of Decomposition.\u201d Global Biogeochemical Cycles 36 (2): e2021GB007160. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007160.     Turunen, Jukka, Nigel T. Roulet, Tim R. Moore, and Pierre J. H. Richard. 2004. \u201cNitrogen Deposition and Increased Carbon Accumulation in Ombrotrophic Peatlands in Eastern Canada: N Deposition and Peat Accumulation.\u201d Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18 (3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002154.     Wagner, Sindy. 2013. \u201cAnalysis of Peat Decomposition, Element Distribution Patterns and Element Output of Two Peat Bogs in the Thuringian Forest.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, University Bayreuth.     Worrall, Fred. 2021. \u201cSulphur Constraints on the Carbon Cycle of a Blanket Bog Peatland [Dataset].\u201d Durham University. https://doi.org/10.15128/R2PK02C9794.", "keywords": ["Sphagnum", "FTIR", "mid infrared spectra", "peat", "peatland", "pmird", "database", "ATR-FTIR"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Teickner, Henning, Agethen, Svenja, Berger, Sina, Boelsen, Rieke Inga, Borken, Werner, Bragazza, Luca, Broder, Tanja, De la Cruz, Florentino, Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, Dise, Nancy, Drollinger, Simon, Estop-Aragon\u00e9s, Cristian, Galka, Mariusz, Mart\u00ed Gener\u00f3, Magal\u00ed, Glatzel, Stephan, Gro\u00df, Jessica, Harris, Lorna, Heffernan, Liam, Hodgkins, Suzanne, H\u00f6mberg-Grandjean, Annkathrin, Hoppe, Helga, Kleinebecker, Till, Knierzinger, Wolfgang, Liu, Haojie, Mathijssen, Paul, Mollmann, Christopher, Schuster, Wiebke, N\u00e4rtker, Lisa, Olefeldt, David, Pancotto, Veronica A., Pelletier, Nicolas, Reuter, Hendrik, Robroek, Bjorn, Svensson, Bosse, Talbot, Julie, Thompson, Lauren M., Worrall, Fred, Yu, Zhi-Guo, Knorr, Klaus-Holger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17092587"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.17092587", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.17092587", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.17092587"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0005-553F-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-05", "title": "Linking molecular size, composition and carbon turnover of extractable soil microbial compounds", "description": "Microbial contribution to the maintenance and turnover of soil organic matter is significant. Yet, we do not have a thorough understanding of how biochemical composition of soil microbial biomass is related to carbon turnover and persistence of different microbial components. Using a suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, we investigated the molecular characteristics of extractable microbial biomass and linked it to its carbon turnover time. A 13CO2 plant pulse labelling experiment was used to trace plant carbon into rhizosphere soil microbial biomass, which was obtained by chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE). 13C content in molecular size classes of extracted microbial compounds was analysed using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to high performance liquid chromatography\u2013isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SEC-HPLC-IRMS). Molecular characterization of microbial compounds was performed using complementary approaches, namely SEC-HPLC coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SEC-HPLC-FTIR) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). SEC-HPLC-FTIR suggests that mid to high molecular weight (MW) microbial compounds were richer in aliphatic CH bonds, carbohydrate-like compounds and possibly Pdouble bond; length as m-dashO derivatives from phospholipids. On the contrary, the lower size range was characterized by more oxidised compounds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether and/or carboxyl groups. ESI-FT-ICR-MS suggests that microbial compounds were largely aliphatic and richer in N than the background detrital material. Both molecular characterization tools suggest that CFE derived microbial biomass was largely lipid, carbohydrate and protein derived. SEC-HPLC-IRMS analysis revealed that 13C enrichment decreased with increasing MW of microbial compounds and the turnover time was deduced as 12.8 \u00b1 0.6, 18.5 \u00b1 0.6 and 22.9 \u00b1 0.7 days for low, mid and high MW size classes, respectively. We conclude that low MW compounds represent the rapidly turned-over metabolite fraction of extractable soil microbial biomass consisting of organic acids, alcohols, amino acids and sugars; whereas, larger structural compounds are part of the cell envelope (likely membrane lipids, proteins or polysaccharides) with a much lower renewal rate. This relation of microbial carbon turnover to its molecular size, structure and composition thus highlights the significance of cellular biochemistry in determining the microbial contribution to soil carbon cycling and specifically soil organic matter formation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "HPLC-FTIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land", "ESI-FT-ICR-MS", "chloroform fumigation extraction", "HPLC-IRMS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0005-553F-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0005-553F-6", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0005-553F-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0005-553F-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2415501264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-05", "title": "Linking molecular size, composition and carbon turnover of extractable soil microbial compounds", "description": "Microbial contribution to the maintenance and turnover of soil organic matter is significant. Yet, we do not have a thorough understanding of how biochemical composition of soil microbial biomass is related to carbon turnover and persistence of different microbial components. Using a suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, we investigated the molecular characteristics of extractable microbial biomass and linked it to its carbon turnover time. A 13CO2 plant pulse labelling experiment was used to trace plant carbon into rhizosphere soil microbial biomass, which was obtained by chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE). 13C content in molecular size classes of extracted microbial compounds was analysed using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to high performance liquid chromatography\u2013isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SEC-HPLC-IRMS). Molecular characterization of microbial compounds was performed using complementary approaches, namely SEC-HPLC coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SEC-HPLC-FTIR) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). SEC-HPLC-FTIR suggests that mid to high molecular weight (MW) microbial compounds were richer in aliphatic CH bonds, carbohydrate-like compounds and possibly Pdouble bond; length as m-dashO derivatives from phospholipids. On the contrary, the lower size range was characterized by more oxidised compounds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether and/or carboxyl groups. ESI-FT-ICR-MS suggests that microbial compounds were largely aliphatic and richer in N than the background detrital material. Both molecular characterization tools suggest that CFE derived microbial biomass was largely lipid, carbohydrate and protein derived. SEC-HPLC-IRMS analysis revealed that 13C enrichment decreased with increasing MW of microbial compounds and the turnover time was deduced as 12.8 \u00b1 0.6, 18.5 \u00b1 0.6 and 22.9 \u00b1 0.7 days for low, mid and high MW size classes, respectively. We conclude that low MW compounds represent the rapidly turned-over metabolite fraction of extractable soil microbial biomass consisting of organic acids, alcohols, amino acids and sugars; whereas, larger structural compounds are part of the cell envelope (likely membrane lipids, proteins or polysaccharides) with a much lower renewal rate. This relation of microbial carbon turnover to its molecular size, structure and composition thus highlights the significance of cellular biochemistry in determining the microbial contribution to soil carbon cycling and specifically soil organic matter formation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "13. Climate action", "HPLC-FTIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land", "ESI-FT-ICR-MS", "chloroform fumigation extraction", "HPLC-IRMS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2415501264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2415501264", "name": "item", "description": "2415501264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2415501264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "36596418", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-31", "title": "Exploration of occurrence and sources of microplastics (&gt;10 \u03bcm) in Danish marine waters", "description": "Microplastics (MPs) were quantified in Danish marine waters of the Kattegat and the southernmost part of Skagerrak bordering to it. Kattegat is a waterbody between Denmark and Sweden that receives inflow from the Baltic Sea and direct urban runoff from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen and Malm\u00f6. MPs were measured in 14 continuous transects while steaming between monitoring stations. MP levels tended to be highest close to the Copenhagen-Malm\u00f6 area, albeit this was more obvious from the abundance of particles rather than mass. The outcome of the measurements allowed a rough MP budget in the Danish Straits region, suggesting that urban waste- and stormwater discharges could not be neglected as potential MP source in these waters. The marine samples were collected by pumping and filtering water over 10 \u03bcm steel filters, hereby sampling a total of 19.3 m3. They were prepared and analyzed by FPA-\u03bcFTIR imaging, and the scans interpreted to yield MP size, shape, polymer type, and estimated mass. The average concentration was 103 \u00b1 86 items m-3, corresponding to 23.3 \u00b1 28.3 \u03bcg m-3 (17-286 items m-3; 0.6-84.1 \u03bcg m-3). Most MPs were smaller than 100 \u03bcm and fragments dominated the samples. The carbonyl index was assessed for polyolefins, showing that oxidation increased with decreasing MP size, but did not correlate with distance to urban areas. A rough budget of MP in the Danish Straits region suggested that MPs discharged from urban waste- and stormwaters were an import source of MPs.", "keywords": ["MP abundance", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "\u03bcFTIR-imaging", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "11. Sustainability", "Microplastic sources", "Mass concentration", "14. Life underwater", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/sustainable_cities_and_communities; name=SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/36596418"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "36596418", "name": "item", "description": "36596418", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/36596418"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "37619728", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-23", "title": "Does microplastic analysis method affect our understanding of microplastics in the environment?", "description": "Two analytical methods - both in active use at different laboratories - were tested and compared against each other to investigate how the procedure influences microplastic (MP) detection with micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (\u03bcFTIR) imaging. A representative composite water sample collected from the Danube River was divided into 12 subsamples, and processed following two different methods, which differed in MP isolation procedures, the optical substrate utilized for the chemical imaging, and the detection limit of the spectroscopic instruments. The first instrument had a nominal pixel resolution of 5.5\u00a0\u03bcm, while the second had a nominal resolution of 25\u00a0\u03bcm. These two methods led to different MP abundance, MP mass estimates, but not MP characteristics. Only looking at MPs\u00a0>\u00a050\u00a0\u03bcm, the first method showed a higher MP abundance, namely 418-2571 MP m-3 with MP mass estimates of 703-1900\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3, while the second method yielded 16.7-72.1 MP m-3 with mass estimates of 222-439\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3. Looking deeper into the steps of the methods showed that the MP isolation procedure contributed slightly to the difference in the result. However, the variability between individual samples was larger than the difference caused by the methods. Somewhat sample-dependent, the use of two different substrates (zinc selenide windows versus Anodisc filters) caused a substantial difference between results. This was due to a higher tendency for particles to agglomerate on the Anodisc filters, and an 'IR-halo' around particles on ZnSe windows when scanning with \u03bcFTIR. Finally, the \u03bcFTIR settings and nominal resolution caused significant differences in identifying MP size and mass estimate, which showed that the smaller the pixel size, the more accurately the particle boundary can be defined. These findings contributed to explaining disagreements between studies and addressed the importance of harmonization of methods.", "keywords": ["Methodological approaches", "Microplastic isolation", "Comparisons", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "FTIR analysis", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/37619728"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "37619728", "name": "item", "description": "37619728", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/37619728"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10559862", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:28:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-19", "title": "It Matters How We Measure - Quantification of Microplastics in Drinking Water by \u03bcFTIR and \u03bcRaman", "description": "The water treatment for microplastics (MP) at a Danish groundwater-based waterworks was assessed by Fourier-Transform IR micro-spectroscopy (\u03bcFTIR) (nominal size limit 6.6\u00a0\u03bcm) and compared to results from Raman micro-spectroscopy (\u03bcRaman) (nominal size limit 1.0\u00a0\u03bcm) on the same sample set. The MP abundance at the waterworks' inlet and outlet was quantified as MP counts per cubic metre (N/m3) and estimated MP mass per cubic metre (\u03bcg/m3). The waterworks' MP removal efficiency was found to be higher when analysing by \u03bcFTIR (counts: 78.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.70%, mass: 98.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.10%) and less fluctuating than when using \u03bcRaman (counts: 43.2%, mass: 75.1%). However, both techniques pointed to a value of \u223c80% for the counts' removal efficiency of MPs >6.6\u00a0\u03bcm. Contrarily to what was shown by \u03bcRaman, no systematic leaking of MPs from the plastic elements of the facility could be identified for the \u03bcFTIR dataset, either from the counts (inlet 31.86\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.17\u00a0N/m3, outlet 4.98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.09\u00a0N/m3) or mass estimate (inlet 76.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0106.30\u00a0\u03bcg/m3, outlet 2.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.78\u00a0\u03bcg/m3). The estimation of human MP intake from drinking water calculated from the \u03bcFTIR data (5\u00a0N/(year\u00b7capita)) proved to be approximately 332 times lower than that calculated from the \u03bcRaman dataset, although in line with previous studies employing \u03bcFTIR. By merging the MP length datasets from the two techniques, it could be shown that false negatives became prevalent in the \u03bcFTIR dataset already below 50\u00a0\u03bcm. Further, by fitting the overall frequency of the MP length ranges with a power function, it could be shown that \u03bcFTIR missed approximately 95.7% of the extrapolated MP population (1-1865.9\u00a0\u03bcm). Consequently, relying on only \u03bcFTIR may have led to underestimating the MP content of the investigated drinking water, as most of the 1-50\u00a0\u03bcm\u00a0MP would have been missed.", "keywords": ["Social sciences (General)", "H1-99", "Q1-390", "FTIR micro-spectroscopy", "Science (General)", "Microplastics", "Raman micro-spectroscopy", "Drinking water", "6. Clean water", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10559862"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Heliyon", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10559862", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10559862", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10559862"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FTIR&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FTIR&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FTIR&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=FTIR&offset=16", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 16, "numberReturned": 16, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-25T23:37:54.275029Z"}