{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "PMC5507504", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:28:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-13", "title": "Organic farming enhances soil microbial abundance and activity\u2014A meta-analysis and meta-regression", "description": "Population growth and climate change challenge our food and farming systems and provide arguments for an increased intensification of agriculture. A promising option is eco-functional intensification through organic farming, an approach based on using and enhancing internal natural resources and processes to secure and improve agricultural productivity, while minimizing negative environmental impacts. In this concept an active soil microbiota plays an important role for various soil based ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, erosion control and pest and disease regulation. Several studies have reported a positive effect of organic farming on soil health and quality including microbial community traits. However, so far no systematic quantification of whether organic farming systems comprise larger and more active soil microbial communities compared to conventional farming systems was performed on a global scale. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on current literature to quantify possible differences in key indicators for soil microbial abundance and activity in organic and conventional cropping systems. All together we integrated data from 56 mainly peer-reviewed papers into our analysis, including 149 pairwise comparisons originating from different climatic zones and experimental duration ranging from 3 to more than 100 years. Overall, we found that organic systems had 32% to 84% greater microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, total phospholipid fatty-acids, and dehydrogenase, urease and protease activities than conventional systems. Exclusively the metabolic quotient as an indicator for stresses on microbial communities remained unaffected by the farming systems. Categorical subgroup analysis revealed that crop rotation, the inclusion of legumes in the crop rotation and organic inputs are important farming practices affecting soil microbial community size and activity. Furthermore, we show that differences in microbial size and activity between organic and conventional farming systems vary as a function of land use (arable, orchards, and grassland), plant life cycle (annual and perennial) and climatic zone. In summary, this study shows that overall organic farming enhances total microbial abundance and activity in agricultural soils on a global scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Science", "Climate", "Microbiota", "Q", "R", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC5507504"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC5507504", "name": "item", "description": "PMC5507504", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC5507504"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1648", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle", "description": "Abstract

More diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-06", "title": "Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in soils and crops. A field study in legume plants (Vicia faba L.) grown under different watering regimes", "description": "Social concern has raised during the last years due to the development of antibiotic resistance hotspots in different environmental compartments, including the edible parts of crops. To assess the influence of the water quality used for watering, we collected samples from soil, roots, leaves and beans from the legume plant Vicia faba (broad beans) in three agricultural peri-urban plots (Barcelona, NE Spain), irrigated with either groundwater, river water, or reclaimed water. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) sul1, tetM, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-32,blaOXA-58, mecA, and blaTEM were quantified by real-time PCR, along with 16S rDNA and intl1 sequences, as proxies for bacterial abundance and integron prevalence, respectively. Microbiome composition of all samples were analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Results show a gradient of bacterial species diversity and of ARG prevalence from highly diverse soil samples to microbially-poor beans and leaves, in which Rhizobiales essentially displaced all other groups, and that presented very small loads of ARGs and integron sequences. The data suggest that the microbiome and the associated resistome were likely influenced by agricultural practices and water quality, and that future irrigation water legal standards should consider the specific Physiology of the different crop plants.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Agriculture", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Fabaceae", "Wastewater", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Vicia faba", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Spain", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-21", "title": "Effects Of Earthworms And Organic Litter Distribution On Plant Performance And Aphid Reproduction", "description": "Human management practices and large detritivores such as earthworms incorporate plant litter into the soil, thereby forming a heterogeneous soil environment from which plant roots extract nutrients. In a greenhouse experiment we investigated effects of earthworms and spatial distribution of (15)N-labelled grass litter on plants of different functional groups [ Lolium perenne (grass), Plantago lanceolata (forb), Trifolium repens (legume)]. Earthworms enhanced shoot and root growth in L. perenne and P. lanceolata and N uptake from organic litter and soil in all plant species. Litter concentrated in a patch (compared with litter mixed homogeneously into the soil) increased shoot biomass and (15)N uptake from the litter in L. perenne and enhanced root proliferation in P. lanceolata when earthworms were present. Growth of clover (T. repens) was rather independent of the presence of earthworms and organic litter distribution: nevertheless, clover took up more nitrogen in the presence of earthworms and exploited more (15)N from the added litter than the other plant species. The magnitude of the effects of earthworms and organic litter distribution differed between the plant species, indicating different responses of plants with contrasting root morphology. Aphid (Myzus persicae) reproduction was reduced on P. lanceolata in the presence of earthworms. We suggest that earthworm activity may indirectly alter plant chemistry and hence defence mechanisms against herbivores.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen Radioisotopes", "Nitrogen", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Aphids", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Plantago", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-07", "title": "Fluxes Of N2o, Ch4 And Co2 In A Meadow Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Ozone And Carbon Dioxide For Three Years", "description": "Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O3, while the fluxes of CO2 also responded to elevated CO2. However, the fluxes did not show any marked response when elevated O3 and CO2 were combined. N2O and CO2 emissions were best explained by soil water content and air and soil temperatures, and they were not clearly associated with potential nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that the increasing O3 and/or CO2 concentrations may affect the N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soil, but longer study periods are needed to verify the actual consequences of climate change for greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "570", "Climate", "elevated carbon dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "elevated ozone", "Poaceae", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "niityt", "open-top chambers", "kohotettu otsonipitoisuus", "typen oksidit", "Magnoliopsida", "Oxidants", " Photochemical", "Ozone", "greenhouse gases", "Soil Pollutants", "otsoni", "Weather", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Air Pollutants", "Fabaceae", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "004", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "avoin kammio", "Environmental Pollutants", "Ka", "Seasons", "kohotettu hiilidioksidipitoisuus", "Methane", "meadows"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-27", "title": "Belowground microbes mitigate plant-plant competition", "description": "Dimorphandra wilsonii, a Cerrado endemic Fabaceae tree, is threatened by land-use changes. The few remaining individuals occur in areas dominated by alien grasses like Urochloa decumbens. We tested the impact of nitrogen (N) availability and symbionts' presence on mitigating the effects of competition from U. decumbens. Dimorphandra wilsonii seedlings were 50-week pot-cultivated under limiting (3mM) or non-limiting (10mM)\u2009N, with or without U. decumbens, and inoculated or not with a N-fixer (Bradyrhizobium sp.) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF - Glomus etunicatum), both forming symbioses in the field. Since D. wilsonii seedlings grew more and 'lost' fewer nutrients under the symbionts' presence, symbionts mitigated plant-plant competition. Under limiting N, inoculated D. wilsonii seedlings grew more (despite no nodulation), but N fixation was only suggested when inoculated D. wilsonii seedlings competed with U. decumbens. D. wilsonii13C, and substrate's carbon and respiration suggest that only the microbes performing key functions received plant carbon. Under non-limiting N, inoculated D. wilsonii seedlings became enriched in 13C, substrate accumulated carbon and microbial respiration increased, suggesting a more generalist microbial community. Data suggest inoculating D. wilsonii seeds/seedlings with AMF and N-fixers as a conservation measure. However, long-term field-studies need to confirm these conclusions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Nitrogen", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fabaceae", "Bradyrhizobium", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Symbiosis", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100104", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "No Home without Hormones: How Plant Hormones Control Legume Nodule Organogenesis", "description": "The establishment of symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires the coordination of both nodule development and infection events. Despite the evolution of a variety of anatomical structures, nodule organs serve\u00a0a common purpose in establishing a localized area that facilitates efficient nitrogen fixation. As in all plant developmental processes, the establishment of a new nodule organ is regulated by plant hormones. During nodule initiation, regulation of plant hormone signaling is one of the major targets of symbiotic signaling. We review the role of major developmental hormones in the initiation of the nodule organ and argue that the manipulation of plant hormones is a key requirement for engineering nitrogen fixation in non-legumes as the basis for improved food security and sustainability.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Cytokinins", "hormones", "nodule", "Fabaceae", "legume", "Review Article", "Ethylenes", "Plant Root Nodulation", "symbiosis", "Gibberellins", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "nitrogen fixation", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Symbiosis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100104"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100104", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100104", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100104"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-04", "title": "Determination of the Effect of Co-cultivation on the Production and Root Exudation of Flavonoids in Four Legume Species Using LC\u2013MS/MS Analysis", "description": "Flavonoids play a key role in the regulation of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions, and factors determining their release have been investigated in most of the common forage legumes. However, little is known about the response of flavonoid production and release to co-cultivation with other crop species. This study investigated alterations in the concentration of flavonoids in plant tissues and root exudates in four legumes [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), black medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)] co-cultivated with durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. For this purpose, we carried out two experiments in a greenhouse, one with glass beads as growth media for root exudate extraction and one with soil as growth media for flavonoid detection in shoot and root biomass, using LC-MS/MS analysis. This study revealed that interspecific competition with wheat negatively affected legume growth and led to a significant reduction in shoot and root biomass compared with the same legume species grown in monoculture. In contrast, the concentration of flavonoids significantly increased both in legume biomass and in root exudates. Changes in flavonoid concentration involved daidzein, genistein, medicarpin, and formononetin, which have been found to be involved in legume nodulation and regulation of plant-plant interaction. We hypothesize that legumes responded to the co-cultivation with wheat by promoting nodulation and increasing exudation of allelopathic compounds, respectively, to compensate for the lack of nutrients caused by the presence of wheat in the cultivation system and to reduce the competitiveness of neighboring plants. Future studies should elucidate the bioactivity of flavonoid compounds in cereal-legume co-cultivation systems and their specific role in the nodulation process and inter-specific plant interactions such as potential effects on weeds.", "keywords": ["Flavonoids", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "medicarpin", "living mulch", "root exudate", "Fabaceae", "15. Life on land", "plant interactions", "Plant Roots", "03 medical and health sciences", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry", "wheat", "allelopathy", "intercropping", "wheat", " intercropping", " living mulch", " root exudate", " plant interactions", " medicarpin", " allelopathy", "Chromatography", " Liquid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/540035/1/Leoni%20et%20al_2021_jafc_1c02821.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-32464-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-22", "title": "Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers", "description": "Abstract

Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield and its drivers has never been systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 yield observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based and non-legume cropping systems and show that legumes enhanced main crop yield by 20%. These yield advantages decline with increasing N fertilizer rates and crop diversity of the main cropping system. The yield benefits are consistent among main crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) and evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater yield advantages (32% vs. 7%) are observed in low- vs. high-yielding environments, suggesting legumes increase crop production with low inputs (e.g., in Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests that legume-based rotations offer a critical pathway for enhancing global crop production, especially when integrated into low-input and low-diversity agricultural systems.Stem borers are the most important maize pests in the humid forest zone of Cameroon. Field trials were conducted in the long and short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by stem borers in monocropped maize and in maize intercropped with non-host plants such as cassava, cowpea and soybean. The intercrops were planted in two spatial arrangements, i.e. alternating hills or alternating rows. All intercrops and the maize monocrop were grown with and without insecticide treatment for assessment of maize yield loss due to borer attacks. The land-use efficiency of each mixed cropping system was evaluated by comparing it with the monocrop. The temporal fluctuation of larval infestations followed the same pattern in all cropping systems, but at the early stage of plant growth, larval densities were 21.3\uffe2\uff80\uff9348.1% higher in the monocrops than in intercrops, and they tended to be higher in alternating rows than alternating hills arrangements. At harvest, however, pest densities did not significantly vary between treatments. Maize monocrops had 3.0\uffe2\uff80\uff938.8 times more stems tunnelled and 1.3\uffe2\uff80\uff933.1 times more cob damage than intercrops. Each percentage increase in stem tunnelling lowered maize grain yield by 1.10 and 1.84 g per plant, respectively, during the long and short rainy season in 2002, and by 5.39 and 1.41 g per plant, respectively, in 2003. Maize yield losses due to stem borer were 1.8\uffe2\uff80\uff933.0 times higher in monocrops than in intercrops. Intercrops had generally a higher land-use efficiency than monocrops, as indicated by land-equivalent-ratios and area-time-equivalent-ratios of >1.0. Land-use efficiency was similar in both spatial arrangements. At current price levels, the net production of mixed cropping systems was economically superior to controlling stem borers with insecticide in monocropped maize. The maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93cassava intercrop yielded the highest land equivalent ratios and the highest replacement value of the intercrop. At medium intensity cropping this system is thus recommended for land-constrained poor farmers who do not use external inputs such as fertilizer and insecticides.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Manihot", "Glycine max", "Rain", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "Humidity", "Moths", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Host-Parasite Interactions", "Trees", "Larva", "Animals", "Biomass", "Cameroon", "Seasons"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christian Nolte, A. Chabi-Olaye, Christian Borgemeister, Fritz Schulthess,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/ber2005373"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Entomological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/ber2005373", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/ber2005373", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/ber2005373"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jee/98.2.384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:18:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-13", "title": "Influence Of Maize/Lablab Intercropping On Lepidopterous Stem Borer Infestation In Maize", "description": "Lepidopterous stem borers seriously affect production of maize, Zea mays L., in sub-Saharan Africa. Intercropping maize with legumes such as lablab, Lablab purpurens (L.), is one of the effective systems to control stem borers. Sole culture maize and maize/lablab intercrop system of different lablab densities were planted at two locations to investigate the effects of intercrop system on incidence and severity of stem borers with particular reference to Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Stem borer infestation was found to be more severe in sole culture maize than maize in maize/lablab intercrop. There was a significantly negative relationship between lablab densities and maize grain yields, suggesting a possible competition for resources between the two crops. It was concluded that density of lablab and date of planting of lablab in maize/lablab intercropping have significant affects on stem borer populations and maize grain yields.", "keywords": ["Lepidoptera", "Population Density", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Insect Control", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/98.2.384"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Economic%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jee/98.2.384", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jee/98.2.384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jee/98.2.384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpu116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:18:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-24", "title": "Dinitrogen Fixation By Legume Shade Trees And Direct Transfer Of Fixed N To Associated Cacao In A Tropical Agroforestry System", "description": "Natural abundance of (15)N (\u03b4\u2009(15)N) was determined in bulk soil, rhizospheric soil and vegetation in an organically managed cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation with Inga edulis Mart. legume trees (inga) as the principal shade for studying the nitrogen (N) cycle in the system. Cacao without contact with legumes in an adjacent plantation was used as the reference for N2 fixation and direct N transfer calculations. Bulk and rhizospheric soils contained 72 and 20%, respectively, of whole- system N. No vegetation effect on \u03b4\u2009(15)N in rhizospheric soil was detected, probably due to the high native soil N pool. Fine roots of the cacaos associated with inga contained \u223c35% of N fixed from the atmosphere (Nf) out of the total N. Leaves of all species had significantly higher \u03b4\u2009(15)N than fine roots. Twenty percent of system Nf was found in cacao suggesting direct N transfer from inga via a common mycelial network of mycorrhizal fungi or recycling of N-rich root exudates of inga. Inga had accumulated 98\u2005kg [Nf] ha(-1) during the 14-year history of the plantation. The conservative estimate of current N2 fixation rate was 41\u2005kg [Nf] ha(-1)\u2005year(-1) based on inga biomass only and 50\u2005kg [Nf] ha(-1)\u2005year(-1) based on inga and associated trees.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cacao", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Plant Exudates", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "Mycorrhizae", "Nitrogen Fixation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu116"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpu116", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpu116", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpu116"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1758-2229.12049", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-14", "title": "Soil Phosphorus Depletion And Shifts In Plant Communities Change Bacterial Community Structure In A Long-Term Grassland Management Trial", "description": "Summary

Agricultural systems rely on healthy soils and their sustainability requires understanding the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term impacts of agricultural practices on soils, including microbial communities. We examined the impact of 17 years of land management on soil bacterial communities in a New Zealand randomized\uffe2\uff80\uff90block pasture trial. Significant variation in bacterial community structure related to mowing and plant biomass removal, while nitrogen fertilizer had no effect. Changes in soil chemistry and legume abundance described 52% of the observed variation in the bacterial community structure. Legumes (Trifolium species) were absent in unmanaged plots but increased in abundance with management intensity; 11% of the variation in soil bacterial community structure was attributed to this shift in the plant community. Olsen P explained 10% of the observed heterogeneity, which is likely due to persistent biomass removal resulting in P limitation; Olsen P was significantly lower in plots with biomass removed (14\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.3SE) compared with plots that were not mown, or where biomass was left after mowing (32\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.6SE). Our results suggest that removal of plant biomass and associated phosphorus, as well as shifts in the plant community, have greater long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term impacts on soil bacterial community structure than application of nitrogen fertilizers.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Microbial Consortia", "Population Dynamics", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "New Zealand"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12049"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1758-2229.12049", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1758-2229.12049", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1758-2229.12049"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-01", "title": "Shifting Grassland Plant Community Structure Drives Positive Interactive Effects Of Warming And Diversity On Aboveground Net Primary Productivity", "description": "Abstract

Ecosystems worldwide are increasingly impacted by multiple drivers of environmental change, including climate warming and loss of biodiversity. We show, using a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term factorial experiment, that plant diversity loss alters the effects of warming on productivity. Aboveground primary productivity was increased by both high plant diversity and warming, and, in concert, warming (\uffe2\uff89\uff881.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C average above and belowground warming over the growing season) and diversity caused a greater than additive increase in aboveground productivity. The aboveground warming effects increased over time, particularly at higher levels of diversity, perhaps because of warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increases in legume and C4 bunch grass abundances, and facilitative feedbacks of these species on productivity. Moreover, higher plant diversity was associated with the amelioration of warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced environmental conditions. This led to cooler temperatures, decreased vapor pressure deficit, and increased surface soil moisture in higher diversity communities. Root biomass (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) was likewise consistently greater at higher plant diversity and was greater with warming in monocultures and at intermediate diversity, but at high diversity warming had no detectable effect. This may be because warming increased the abundance of legumes, which have lower root\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0shoot ratios than the other types of plants. In addition, legumes increase soil nitrogen (N) supply, which could make N less limiting to other species and potentially decrease their investment in roots. The negative warming\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0diversity interaction on root mass led to an overall negative interactive effect of these two global change factors on the sum of above and belowground biomass, and thus likely on total plant carbon stores. In total, plant diversity increased the effect of warming on aboveground net productivity and moderated the effect on root mass. These divergent effects suggest that warming and changes in plant diversity are likely to have both interactive and divergent impacts on various aspects of ecosystem functioning.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Climate Change", "Water", "Fabaceae", "Biodiversity", "Plant Components", " Aerial", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Biomass", "Seasons"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13111"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13111", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01444.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:19:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-05", "title": "Legume Species Identity And Soil Nitrogen Supply Determine Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixation Responses To Elevated Atmospheric [Co2]", "description": "In nitrogen (N)-limited systems, the response of symbiotic N fixation to elevated atmospheric [CO2] may be an important determinant of ecosystem responses to this global change. Experimental tests of the effects of elevated [CO2] have not been consistent. Although rarely tested, differences among legume species and N supply may be important. In a field free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment, we determined, for four legume species, whether the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on symbiotic N fixation depended on soil N availability or species identity. Natural abundance and pool-dilution 15N methods were used to estimate N fixation. Although N addition did, in general, decrease N fixation, contrary to theoretical predictions, elevated [CO2] did not universally increase N fixation. Rather, the effect of elevated [CO2] on N fixation was positive, neutral or negative, depending on the species and N addition. Our results suggest that legume species identity and N supply are critical factors in determining symbiotic N-fixation responses to increased atmospheric [CO2].", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Minnesota", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Nitrogen Fixation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Symbiosis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01444.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01444.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01444.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01444.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Soil biodiversity enhances the persistence of legumes under climate change", "description": "Summary

Global environmental change poses threats to plant and soil biodiversity. Yet, whether soil biodiversity loss can further influence plant community\uffe2\uff80\uff99s response to global change is still poorly understood.

We created a gradient of soil biodiversity using the dilution\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90extinction approach, and investigated the effects of soil biodiversity loss on plant communities during and following manipulations simulating global change disturbances in experimental grassland microcosms.

Grass and herb biomass was decreased by drought and promoted by nitrogen deposition, and a fast recovery was observed following disturbances, independently of soil biodiversity loss. Warming promoted herb biomass during and following disturbance only when soil biodiversity was not reduced. However, legumes biomass was suppressed by these disturbances, and there were more detrimental effects with reduced soil biodiversity. Moreover, soil biodiversity loss suppressed the recovery of legumes following these disturbances. Similar patterns were found for the response of plant diversity. The changes in legumes might be partly attributed to the loss of mycorrhizal soil mutualists.

Our study shows that soil biodiversity is crucial for legume persistence and plant diversity maintenance when faced with environmental change, highlighting the importance of soil biodiversity as a potential buffering mechanism for plant diversity and community composition in grasslands.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "warming", "Climate Change", "Fabaceae", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Biodiversity", "drought", "plant\u2013soil interactions", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "nitrogen deposition", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "biodiversity loss", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "dilution-to-extinction approach", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1095549", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-05-27", "title": "Co2 Elicits Long-Term Decline In Nitrogen Fixation", "description": "Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide ( C a), a product of fossil fuel burning, land-use change, and cement manufacture, is expected to cause a large carbon sink in land ecosystems, partly mitigating human-driven climate change ([ 1 ][1]). Increasing biological nitrogen fixation with rising C a has been", "keywords": ["Molybdenum", "Time Factors", "Light", "Atmosphere", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "13. Climate action", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Florida", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095549"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1095549", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1095549", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1095549"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:19:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-06", "title": "Soil Type Is The Primary Determinant Of The Composition Of The Total And Active Bacterial Communities In Arable Soils", "description": "ABSTRACT

Degradation of agricultural land and the resulting loss of soil biodiversity and productivity are of great concern. Land-use management practices can be used to ameliorate such degradation. The soil bacterial communities at three separate arable farms in eastern England, with different farm management practices, were investigated by using a polyphasic approach combining traditional soil analyses, physiological analysis, and nucleic acid profiling. Organic farming did not necessarily result in elevated organic matter levels; instead, a strong association with increased nitrate availability was apparent. Ordination of the physiological (BIOLOG) data separated the soil bacterial communities into two clusters, determined by soil type. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA identified three bacterial communities largely on the basis of soil type but with discrimination for pea cropping. Five fields from geographically distinct soils, with different cropping regimens, produced highly similar profiles. The active communities (16S rRNA) were further discriminated by farm location and, to some degree, by land-use practices. The results of this investigation indicated that soil type was the key factor determining bacterial community composition in these arable soils. Leguminous crops on particular soil types had a positive effect upon organic matter levels and resulted in small changes in the active bacterial population. The active population was therefore more indicative of short-term management changes.

", "keywords": ["Polymerase Chain Reaction", "geography", "630", "1000 Technology", "Soil", "soil type", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "C500 - Microbiology", "genetic polymorphism", "soil analysis", "Bacteria (microorganisms)", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "article", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "Biodiversity", "legume", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Bacterial Typing Techniques", "microbial community", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "0605 Microbiology", "Electrophoresis", "16S", "570", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "productivity", "RNA 16S", "soil microorganism", "0600 Biological Sciences", "DNA", " Ribosomal", "0700 Agricultural And Veterinary Sciences", "controlled study", "community composition", "Polymorphism", "Pisum sativum", "Ecosystem", "Ribosomal", "nonhuman", "Bacteria", "bacterial flora", "land use", "DNA", "15. Life on land", "bacterial disease", "Restriction Fragment Length", "C180 - Ecology", "physiology", "RNA", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "bioavailability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.69.3.1800-1809.2003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2014/437283", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-14", "title": "Effect Of Tillage Practices On Soil Properties And Crop Productivity In Wheat-Mungbean-Rice Cropping System Under Subtropical Climatic Conditions", "description": "

This study was conducted to know cropping cycles required to improve OM status in soil and to investigate the effects of medium-term tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields in Grey Terrace soil of Bangladesh under wheat-mungbean-T.amancropping system. Four different tillage practices, namely, zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT), were studied in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil depth), and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Bulk and particle densities were decreased due to tillage practices, having the highest reduction of these properties and the highest increase of porosity and field capacity in zero tillage. The highest total N, P, K, and S in their available forms were recorded in zero tillage. All tillage practices showed similar yield after four years of cropping cycles. Therefore, we conclude that zero tillage with 20% residue retention was found to be suitable for soil health and achieving optimum yield under the cropping system in Grey Terrace soil (Aeric Albaquept).

", "keywords": ["No-till farming", "Technology", "Climate", "Cropping", "Mulch-till", "Crop", "Plant Roots", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Minimum tillage", "Soil Physical Properties", "Ecology", "T", "Q", "Soil Quality", "R", "Life Sciences", "Fabaceae", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil Compaction", "Medicine", "Research Article", "Crops", " Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Soil Science", "Soil fertility", "Crop Productivity", "Environmental science", "Tillage", "Randomized block design", "FOS: Mathematics", "Crop yield", "Particle Size", "Biology", "Soil science", "Analysis of Variance", "Soil Fertility", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "Conventional tillage", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Bulk density", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Sulfur", "Mathematics", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2014/437283", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2014/437283", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:19:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-13", "title": "Chinese Milk Vetch As Green Manure Mitigates Nitrous Oxide Emission From Monocropped Rice System In South China", "description": "Open AccessMonocropped rice system is an important intensive cropping system for food security in China. Green manure (GM) as an alternative to fertilizer N (FN) is useful for improving soil quality. However, few studies have examined the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as GM on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from monocropped rice field in south China. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment with four treatments (control, no FN and CMV; CMV as GM alone, M; fertilizer N alone, FN; integrating fertilizer N with CMV, NM) was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating CMV as GM on N2O emission using a closed chamber-gas chromatography (GC) technique during the rice growing periods. Under the same N rate, incorporating CMV as GM (the treatments of M and NM) mitigated N2O emission during the growing periods of rice plant, reduced the NO3- content and activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase as well as the population of nitrifying bacteria in top soil at maturity stage of rice plant versus FN pots. The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of N2O from monocropped rice field was ranked as MThe development of sustainable agricultural systems depends in part upon improved management of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop species to enhance the overall functioning and provision of services by agroecosystems. To address this need, our research examined the role of earthworms and litter management on nutrient dynamics, soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization, and crop growth in the Quesungual agroforestry system of western Honduras. Field mesocosms were established with two earthworm treatments (0 vs. 8Pontoscolex corethrurusindividuals per mesocosm) and four litter quality treatments: (1) low\uffe2\uff80\uff90qualityZea mays, (2) high\uffe2\uff80\uff90qualityDiphysa robinioides, (3) a mixture of low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90quality litters, and (4) a control with no organic residues applied. Mesocosms included a singleZ. maysplant and additions of15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled inorganic nitrogen. At maize harvest, surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) in the mesocosms were sampled to determine total and available P as well as the distribution of C, N, and15N among different aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOM pools. Maize plants were divided into grain and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90grain components and analyzed for total P, N, and15N. Earthworm additions improved soil structure as demonstrated by a 10% increase in mean weight diameter and higher C and N storage within large macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates (>2000 \uffce\uffbcm). A corresponding 17% increase in C contained in micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates within the macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates indicates that earthworms enhance the stabilization of SOM in these soils; however, this effect only occurred when organic residues were applied. Earthworms also decreased available P and total soil P, indicating that earthworms may facilitate the loss of labile P added to this system. Earthworms decreased the recovery of fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N in the soil but increased the uptake of15N by maize by 7%. Litter treatments yielded minimal effects on soil properties and plant growth. Our results indicate that the application of litter inputs and proper management of earthworm populations can have important implications for the provision of ecosystem services (e.g., C sequestration, soil fertility, and plant production) by tropical agroforestry systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "Forestry", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Honduras", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/2010_Fonte-Earthworms_and_litter_manag.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0795.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0795.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0795.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0795.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/393341", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:24:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-15", "title": "Autoactive CNGC15 enhances root endosymbiosis in legume and wheat", "description": "Abstract

Nutrient acquisition is crucial for sustaining life. Plants develop beneficial intracellular partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria to surmount the scarcity of soil nutrients and tap into atmospheric dinitrogen, respectively1,2. Initiation of these root endosymbioses requires symbiont-induced oscillations in nuclear calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in root cells3. How the nuclear-localized ion channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) 15 and DOESN\uffe2\uff80\uff99T MAKE INFECTIONS1 (DMI1)4 are coordinated to specify symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca2+ oscillations remains unknown. Here we discovered an autoactive CNGC15 mutant that generates spontaneous low-frequency Ca2+ oscillations. While CNGC15 produces nuclear Ca2+ oscillations via a gating mechanism involving its helix 1, DMI1 acts as a pacemaker to specify the frequency of the oscillations. We demonstrate that the specificity of symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca2+ oscillations is encoded in its frequency. A high frequency activates endosymbiosis programmes, whereas a low frequency modulates phenylpropanoid pathways. Consequently, the autoactive cngc15 mutant, which is capable of generating both frequencies, has increased flavonoids that enhance AM, root nodule symbiosis and nutrient acquisition. We transferred this trait to wheat, resulting in field-grown wheat with increased AM colonization and nutrient acquisition. Our findings reveal a new strategy to boost endosymbiosis in the field and reduce inorganic fertilizer use while sustaining plant growth.Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield and its drivers has never been systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 yield observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based and non-legume cropping systems and show that legumes enhanced main crop yield by 20%. These yield advantages decline with increasing N fertilizer rates and crop diversity of the main cropping system. The yield benefits are consistent among main crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) and evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater yield advantages (32% vs. 7%) are observed in low- vs. high-yielding environments, suggesting legumes increase crop production with low inputs (e.g., in Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests that legume-based rotations offer a critical pathway for enhancing global crop production, especially when integrated into low-input and low-diversity agricultural systems.Nutrient acquisition is crucial for sustaining life. Plants develop beneficial intracellular partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria to surmount the scarcity of soil nutrients and tap into atmospheric dinitrogen, respectively1,2. Initiation of these root endosymbioses requires symbiont-induced oscillations in nuclear calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in root cells3. How the nuclear-localized ion channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) 15 and DOESN\uffe2\uff80\uff99T MAKE INFECTIONS1 (DMI1)4 are coordinated to specify symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca2+ oscillations remains unknown. Here we discovered an autoactive CNGC15 mutant that generates spontaneous low-frequency Ca2+ oscillations. While CNGC15 produces nuclear Ca2+ oscillations via a gating mechanism involving its helix 1, DMI1 acts as a pacemaker to specify the frequency of the oscillations. We demonstrate that the specificity of symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca2+ oscillations is encoded in its frequency. A high frequency activates endosymbiosis programmes, whereas a low frequency modulates phenylpropanoid pathways. Consequently, the autoactive cngc15 mutant, which is capable of generating both frequencies, has increased flavonoids that enhance AM, root nodule symbiosis and nutrient acquisition. We transferred this trait to wheat, resulting in field-grown wheat with increased AM colonization and nutrient acquisition. Our findings reveal a new strategy to boost endosymbiosis in the field and reduce inorganic fertilizer use while sustaining plant growth.