Inappropriate disposal of the plastic mulching debris could create macroplastics (MaPs) and microplastics (MiPs) pollution in agricultural soil.
MethodsTo study the effects of farming systems on accumulation and distribution of agricultural plastic debris, research was carried out on two farming systems in Northwest China. Farming in Wutong Village (S1) is characterized by small plots and low-intensity machine tillage while farming in Shihezi (S2) is characterized by large plots and high-intensity machine tillage. In September 2017, we selected six fields in S1, three fields with 6\uffe2\uff80\uff938 years of continuous plastic mulching (CM) as well as three fields with over 30 years of intermittent mulching (IM). In S2, we selected five cotton fields with 6, 7, 8, 15 and 18 years of continuous mulching. In both regions, MaPs and MiPs from soil surface to 30 cm depth (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) were sampled.
ResultsThe results showed that in S1, MaPs mass in fields with 6\uffe2\uff80\uff938 years CM (i.e., 97.4kg\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) were significantly higher than in fields with 30 years IM (i.e., 53.7 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). MaPs in size category of 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 cm 2 accounted for 46.9% in fields of CM and 44.5% in fields of IM of total collected MaPs number. In S2, MaPs mass ranged from 43.5 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 to 148 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 . MaPs in size category of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm 2 account for 41.1% of total collected MaPs number while 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff932 cm 2 accounted for 40.6%. MiPs in S1 were mainly detected in fields with over 30 years of intermittent mulching (up to 2,200 particles\uffc2\uffb7kg \uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil), whereas in S2 were detected in all fields (up to 900 particles\uffc2\uffb7kg \uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil). The results indicated farming systems could substantially affect the accumulation and distribution of agricultural plastic debris. Continuous plastic mulching could accumulate higher amount of MaPs than intermittent plastic mulching. High-intensity machine tillage could lead to higher fragmentation of MaPs and more severe MiPs pollution. These results suggest that agricultural plastic regulations are needed.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plastic film mulching", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "Soil pollution", "Farming systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Low-density polyethylene", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC7718786"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PeerJ", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC7718786", "name": "item", "description": "PMC7718786", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC7718786"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 3 in Esterberg intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 3 in Esterberg intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "name": "item", "description": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas. In SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers. A central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change. This dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth. Treatment: Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt intensiv Device: Decagon 5TM Timescale: Daily average Depths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "name": "item", "description": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.3066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-26", "title": "Wheat field earthworms under divergent farming systems across a European climate gradient", "description": "AbstractEarthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.The impact of organic, compared with conventional, farming practices on N leaching loss was studied for Danish mixed dairy and arable farms using an N balance approach based on representative data. On mixed dairy farms, a simple N balance method was used to estimate N surplus and N leaching loss. On arable farms, the simple N balance method was unreliable due to changes in the soil N pool. Consequently, the Farm ASSEssment Tool (FASSET) simulation model was used to estimate N surplus, N leaching loss and the changes in the soil N pool.
The study found a lower N leaching loss from organic than conventional mixed dairy farms, primarily due to lower N inputs. On organic arable farms, the soil N pool increased over time but the N leaching loss was comparable with conventional arable farms. The soil N pool was increased primarily by organic farming practices and incorporation of straw. The highest increase in the soil N pool was seen on soils with a low initial level of organic matter. The N leaching loss was dependent on soil type, the use of catch crops and the level of soil organic matter, whereas incorporation of straw had a minor effect. N leaching was highest on sandy soils with a high level of soil organic matter and no catch crops. The present results stress the importance of using representative data from organic and conventional farming practices in comparative studies of N leaching loss. Lack of representative data has been a major weakness of previous comparisons on N leaching losses on organic and conventional farms.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nutrient turnover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "Farming Systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605005812"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859605005812", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859605005812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859605005812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859617000193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-27", "title": "Maize\u2013Common Bean Intercropping To Optimize Maize-Based Crop Production", "description": "SUMMARYMaize (Zea maysL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) intercropping is a recent practice in north-western Ethiopia and there is limited information on its productivity. A field experiment was conducted at South Achefer and Mecha in north-western Ethiopia during the 2012 and 2013 crop growing seasons to determine combinations of intercrop planting arrangement (IPA) with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates for optimizing maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean intercrop productivity and profitability. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of two IPA (single row of common bean between maize rows and paired rows of common bean between paired rows of maize), two N rates (92 and 128 kg N/ha) and two P rates (20 and 40 kg P/ha). A sole crop maize with recommended fertilizer rate of 128/40 kg N/P/ha was used as a control treatment. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that land equivalent ratio was more than unity, and the intercrop system was 20% more productive relative to the sole crop. Maize equivalent yields were highest for most of the intercrop treatments relative to mono-crop maize with yield advantage of 14% from single row IPA with 128/20 kg N/P/ha. Single row IPA with 128/20 kg N/P/ha and paired row IPA with 92/20 kg N/P/ha increased financial returns by 16 and 8% relative to sole crop maize, respectively. Smallholder maize-based cropping of north-western Ethiopia could be nutritionally, agronomically and financially improved through maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean intercropping of single row IPA with appropriate nutrient management.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "genetics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "crops", "maize", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alemayehu, A., Tamado, T., Nigussie, D., Yigzaw, D., Kinde, T., Wortmann, Charles S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859617000193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859617000193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859617000193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr15074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-03", "title": "Impact Of Reduced Tillage And Crop Residue Management On Soil Properties And Crop Yields In A Long-Term Trial In Western Kenya", "description": "Sustainable farming practices are required to address the persistent problems of land degradation and declining crop productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Approaches such as reducing tillage and retaining crop residues as mulch are potential entry points for smallholder farmers to move towards sustainability. In this study, we assessed the impact of reduced tillage (RT) compared with conventional tillage (CT), each combined with crop residue reapplication, on soil quality indicators and crop yields under an 8-year trial in western Kenya. Our results indicate that RT combined with crop residue reapplication enhanced soil physical quality through increased macroaggregate (>2000\uffc2\uffb5m) proportions and mean weight diameter. Similarly, lower respiratory quotient values indicate that soil microbes under RT have better substrate-use efficiency than those under CT. Nevertheless, soil organic carbon (C), potentially mineralisable C, microbial biomass C and mineral nitrogen contents were all higher under CT with crop residue incorporated into the soil. Maize grain yield and aboveground biomass were also higher under CT. Thus, despite RT showing potential to improve soil physical properties, CT performed better. A stepwise approach is proposed towards the practice of conservation agriculture under resource-constrained smallholder farming conditions, starting with increased biomass production to provide crop residue for soil cover, followed by RT approaches.
", "keywords": ["labranza de conservaci\u00f3n", "2. Zero hunger", "soil chemicophysical properties", "soil fertility", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "smallholders", "12. Responsible consumption", "sistemas de explotaci\u00f3n", "nutrient management", "13. Climate action", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "rendimiento de cultivos"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr15074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr15074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr15074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr15074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-12", "title": "Energy Balances And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Palm Oil Biodiesel In Indonesia", "description": "AbstractThis study presents a cradle\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90gate assessment of the energy balances and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Indonesian palm oil biodiesel production, including the stages of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC), agricultural phase, transportation, milling, biodiesel processing, and comparing the results from different farming systems, including company plantations and smallholder plantations (either out growers or independent growers) in different locations in Kalimantan and Sumatra of Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that there are considerable differences between the farming systems and the locations in net energy yields (43.6\uffe2\uff80\uff9349.2\uffc2\uffa0GJ\uffc2\uffa0t\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0biodiesel\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as well as GHG emissions (1969.6\uffe2\uff80\uff935626.4\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0CO2eq\uffc2\uffa0t\uffe2\uff88\uff921 biodiesel\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The output to input ratios are positive in all cases. The largest GHG emissions result from LUC effects, followed by the transesterification, fertilizer production, agricultural production processes, milling, and transportation. Ecosystem carbon payback times range from 11 to 42\uffc2\uffa0years.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "net energy yield", "palm oil biodiesel", "330", "greenhouse gas emissions", "ecosystem carbon payback time", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "energy balances", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "land-use change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "farming systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/hwrhhx", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Replication Data for: Gap assessment in current soil monitoring networks across Europe for measuring soil functions", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset was produced during the Landmark project. We compared in this work a list of attributes to existing national (regional) and EU-wide soil monitoring networks. After establishing the ranked list of attributes we investigated the incorporation of these attributes in existing monitoring schemes throughout Europe. A standard Excel spreadsheet was sent to Landmark consortium members and contacts from 18 European countries requesting detailed information on national SMNs (including long-te", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Climate", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "15. Life on land", "Farming Systems", "Soil functions; soil; management; climate;", "Farming Systems and Practices", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Soil functions soil management climate", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas P.A., Van Leeuwen, Jeroen P., Creamer, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/hwrhhx"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/hwrhhx", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/hwrhhx", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/hwrhhx"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/wabmvg", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:03Z", "type": "Report", "title": "\"Donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9plication pour: Article \"\"Weed Management in the Transition to Conservation Agriculture: Farmers' Response\"\" (Derrouch et al., 2020)\"", "description": "Jeu de donn\u00e9es associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l'article Derrouch et al. (2020). Les donn\u00e9es concernent une partie des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 un questionnaire en ligne diffus\u00e9 entre novembre 2018 et mars 2019 en France m\u00e9tropolitaine. Ce questionnaire visait les agriculteurs(trices) fran\u00e7ais(es) en semis direct sous couvert (SDSC) ou ayant eu une exp\u00e9rience dans le syst\u00e8me, avec un focus sur les aspects agronomiques et malherbologiques. Les agriculteurs(trices) devaient r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes questions sur les pratiques agronomiques utilis\u00e9es pour g\u00e9rer les adventices pendant la culture et l\u2019interculture pour trois p\u00e9riodes : (1) avant l\u2019adoption du SDSC, (2) durant la ou les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es en SDSC et enfin (3) lorsqu\u2019ils pensaient avoir maitris\u00e9 leur syst\u00e8me. 425 agriculteurs(trices) fran\u00e7ais ont r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du questionnaire. Parmi ces agriculteurs 143 estimaient avoir maitris\u00e9 leur syst\u00e8me. Sans pr\u00e9tendre \u00eatre repr\u00e9sentatif, ces donn\u00e9es obtenues constituent un premier panorama des pratiques agronomiques utilis\u00e9es par les agriculteurs(trices) fran\u00e7ais(es) en semis direct sous couvert pour g\u00e9rer les adventices.", "keywords": ["Farming Systems and Practices", "Agricultural Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Farming Systems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Derrouch, Damien, Chauvel, Bruno,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/wabmvg"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/wabmvg", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/wabmvg", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/wabmvg"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/CFWBAA", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9plication pour\u00a0: Agriculture increases the bioavailability of silicon, a beneficial element for crop, in temperate soils", "description": "These data concern the study 'Agriculture increases the bioavailability of Silicon, a beneficial element for crop, in temperate soils' published in nature communication. This work was performed in the frame of the French ANR BioSiSol project (ANR-14-CE01-0002) and is based on data from the RMQS program (French Soil Quality Monitoring Network). The French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (RMQS) is a national program for the assessment and long-term monitoring of the quality of French soils. This network is based on the monitoring of 2240 sites representative of French soils and their land use. These sites are spread over the whole French territory (metropolitan and overseas) along a systematic square grid of 16 km x 16 km cells. The network covers a broad spectrum of climatic, soil and land-use conditions (croplands, permanent grasslands, woodlands, orchards and vineyards, natural or scarcely anthropogenic land and urban parkland). The physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil are measured on each site. These soil analyses were carried out by the Soil Analysis Laboratory of INRAE (Arras, France). The spatial and temporal variability of soil properties are explained by biophysical variables, sources of contamination, history of land-use and management practices on each plot. The first sampling campaign in metropolitan France took place from 2000 to 2009 and the second campaign has begun in 2016. At each site, 25 core samples were taken by layer with an auger within a 20 m \u00d7 20 m plot and combined into a composite sample. Analyses used in this study only concern the surface layer (generally 0\u201330 cm layer) of samplings from the first campaign in metropolitan France. The analyses of total Si and available Si were made in 2016 on samples stored from the first sampling campaign. The dataset published contains all the raw data used in the statistical analysis in order to make them available for any further study. The table contains soil properties (total and available Si, particle size fraction, organic carbon content ...), observations about soil and land use, and spatial coordinates. We warn the user that coordinates published here are theoretical coordinates, the RMQS site can be located until 1 km around this point. Real coordinates can not be made publicly available because of confidential information.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Agricultural Sciences", "silicon", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "15. Life on land", "TER sciences du sol", "soil", "bioavailable silicon", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "RMQS", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences", "AGR farms and farming systems", "agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas P.A., Caubet, Manon, Cornu, Sophie, Meunier, Jean-Dominique, Boulonne, Line, Rati\u00e9, C\u00e9line, Jolivet, Claudy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/CFWBAA"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/CFWBAA", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/CFWBAA", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/CFWBAA"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/2zqkir", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Science for policy 6: Urban planning: sealing the future of soil functions - datasets?", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset is part of Deliverable and 5.3 and produced by the WP4 team of the Landmark H2020 project. It contains the following shapefiles: PO6_BAU_NoZoning_50.shp PO6_BAU_NoZoning_100.shp PO6_BAU_Zoning_50.shp PO6_Sprawl_Zoning_50.shp PO6_BAU_NoZoning_50.shp PO6_Compact_Zoning_50.shp PO6_Compact_NoZoning_50.shp The metronamica Model was applied on six scenarios with combinations of business as usual, suburban sprawl or compact city development which build on the socio-economic projections and density assumptions of the ESPON-ET2050 project, and use the land use allocation parameters from the RECARE and SoilCare Integrated Assessment Models. Spatial development (zoning) was for some scenarios restricted in high productive fields. The model results give probabilities (0 \u2013 1) of urban development within the 1 km\u00b2 cells. Based on these probability percentages the different soil functions are reduced (100% of the probability and 50% of the probability) compared to the current soil functioning and, for the 50% scenarios, partly replaced by low productive grasslands as gardens and other public greenery. Z-scores are calculated from the spatial SF maps for each of the environmental zones. These environmental zones are derived from the Metzger et al. (2013). The z-scores give the signed fractional number of standard deviations by which SF means for an environmental zone are above or below the mean value and allow us indicate which areas have a higher or lower soil function performance compared to the mean value. Z-scores from the current SF maps and scenario maps were then compared to each other to calculate the change in z-scores. This change in z-scores is given in the shapefiles and describes the relative change in soil function performance. Positive values indicate an improvement in soil functioning compared to the current situation, negative values a decrease. More information regarding calculation and interpretation of both this dataset and the soil function maps used to calculate the z-scores can be found in: Vrebos D., F. Bampa, R. Creamer, A. Jones, E. Lugato, L. O\u2019Sullivan, P. Meire, R.P.O. Schulte, J. Schr\u00f6der and J. Staes (2018). Scenarios maps: visualizing optimized scenarios where supply of soil functions matches demands. LANDMARK Report 4.3. and Jones A. et al. (2019). An options document to propose future policy tools for functional soil management. LANDMARK 5.3. All available from www.landmark2020.eu.", "keywords": ["Water resources", "Food Safety", "Food Safety and Toxicology", "Nutritional Sciences", "Social Sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Pathology and Forensic Medicine", "Health and Life Sciences", "Farming Systems and Practices", "11. Sustainability", "13. Climate action", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Human Health and Pathology", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Life Sciences", "Hydrology and Hydrogeology", "15. Life on land", "Rural and Agricultural Sociology", "Human Nutrition and food security", "Farming Systems", "Medicine", " Health and Life Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Medicine", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vrebos, Dirk, Bampa, Francesca, Schulte, Rogier, Creamer, Rachel, Jones, Arwyn, Staes, Jan, Zwetsloot Marie, Debernardini, Mariana, O\u2019Sullivan, Lilian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/2zqkir"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/2zqkir", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/2zqkir", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/2zqkir"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/6uedbv", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "CIRCASA REPORT: Analysis of current capacity building and training needs surrounding SOC research and implementation", "description": "Teaching and training on soil organic carbon (SOC) is key if we are to take advantage of the many benefits of maintaining and enhancing SOC. Not least, a good background and understanding of SOC is needed by the academic, agricultural and land management communities if land management is to be used effectively for climate change mitigation. This report is a scoping study, providing a first look at the resources and provision for the teaching and training of SOC mainly in academia but also in selected international programs and initiatives. It is not a definitive study but instead provides an insight into SOC teaching and training, identifying commonalities and trends which may be worthy of future investigation. The report draws on three sources of information; two previous CIRCASA reports, an analysis of international programs and initiatives and a survey of academic stakeholders.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Climate", "Environmental studies and forestry", "Social Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Farming Systems", "Farming Systems and Practices", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Land Use", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Milne E., Banwart S., Bray A., Frelih-Larsen A., Herb Irina, Luu P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/6uedbv"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/6uedbv", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/6uedbv", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/6uedbv"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/10XUKC", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Caract\u00e9ristiques physico-chimiques des sols en semis direct sous couvert. Enqu\u00eate sur un r\u00e9seau d'agriculteurs en Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9: 2018-2019", "description": "Open AccessLes informations contenues dans ce jeu de donn\u00e9es correspondent aux r\u00e9sultats d'analyses de sol effectu\u00e9es sur des parcelles agricoles d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de 62 agriculteurs en agriculture de conservation de la r\u00e9gion Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9. Les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de sol ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur une profondeur de 0 \u00e0 10 cm. Au total, le sol de 176 parcelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9 soit en 2018, soit en 2019. Douze variables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es ou calcul\u00e9es sur les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements effectu\u00e9s : la granulom\u00e9trie (5 fractions), le carbone total et la mati\u00e8re organique, le calcaire total, l\u2019azote total, le rapport C/N, le pH eau et KCl.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "15. Life on land", "Farming Systems", "Farming Systems and Practices", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du sol", "sol agricole", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Derrouch, Damien, Chauvel, Bruno, Dessaint, Fabrice,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/10XUKC"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/10XUKC", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/10XUKC", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/10XUKC"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/6UEDBV", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "CIRCASA REPORT: Analysis of current capacity building and training needs surrounding SOC research and implementation", "description": "Teaching and training on soil organic carbon (SOC) is key if we are to take advantage of the many benefits of maintaining and enhancing SOC. Not least, a good background and understanding of SOC is needed by the academic, agricultural and land management communities if land management is to be used effectively for climate change mitigation. This report is a scoping study, providing a first look at the resources and provision for the teaching and training of SOC mainly in academia but also in selected international programs and initiatives. It is not a definitive study but instead provides an insight into SOC teaching and training, identifying commonalities and trends which may be worthy of future investigation. The report draws on three sources of information; two previous CIRCASA reports, an analysis of international programs and initiatives and a survey of academic stakeholders.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Climate", "Environmental studies and forestry", "Social Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Farming Systems", "Farming Systems and Practices", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Land Use", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Milne E., Banwart S., Bray A., Frelih-Larsen A., Herb Irina, Luu P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/6UEDBV"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/6UEDBV", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/6UEDBV", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/6UEDBV"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/8xff8d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "CIRCASA DELIVERABLE D2.1 \u201cStakeholder views on the role of SOC for climate change mitigation, adaptation and SDGs\u201d", "description": "Report on the views of stakeholders for potential for SOC management to contribute to SOC sequestration for climate change mitigation and adaptation and for the achievement of SDGs, including how these measures can be implemented, which barriers may constrain this, and which knowledge gaps need to be filled.", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "Farming Systems and Practices", "Soils and soil sciences", "13. Climate action", "Agricultural Sciences", "Climate", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences", "Farming Systems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olensen, J.E., Swanepoel, C., Katto, C., Verchot, L., Baldock, J., Grundy, M., Hongmin, D., Li, Y., McNeill, S., Claessen, L., Arias-Navarro, C., Graversgaard, M., Soussana, J.-F., Frelih-Larsen, A., Ittner, S., Tarpey, J., Madari, B.E., Razafimbelo, T., Kontoboytseva, A., Nciizah, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/8xff8d"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/8xff8d", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/8xff8d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/8xff8d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/aiq9ws", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "French RMQS soil profile and monitoring dataset with related management practices data", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset corresponds to a datamart produced by the WP2 team of the Landmark H2020 project.
2 tables provided by France are available:
Both tables are connected with the same id attribute. To link soil data to management practices, yo", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Climate", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "15. Life on land", "Farming Systems", "Soil functions; soil; management; climate;", "Farming Systems and Practices", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Soil functions soil management climate", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas P.A., Chenu, Jean-Philippe, Szergi, Tamas, Csorba, Adam, Bertuzzi, Patrick, Toutain, Beno\u00eet, Picaud, Calypso, Gay, Laura, Creamer, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/aiq9ws"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/aiq9ws", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/aiq9ws", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/aiq9ws"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/jtve46", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "French SOERE soil monitoring dataset with related management practices data", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset corresponds to a datamart produced by the WP2 team of the Landmark H2020 project. The SOERE PRO is a French research observatory on organic residues recycling in agriculture. It is a network of long-term field experiments, including QualiAgro and PROspective devices, which has been created to evaluate benefits and risks associated with organic residue (OR) application in agriculture. It has been certified as SOERE PRO (a network of long-term experiments dedicated to the study of imp", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "Climate", "6. Clean water", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "Soil functions", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil", "Farming Systems and Practices", "11. Sustainability", "13. Climate action", "climate", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "2. Zero hunger", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil functions", "Farming Systems", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gay, Laura, Saby, Nicolas P.A., Michaud, Aur\u00e9lia, Montenach, Denis, Resseguier Camille, Houot, Sabine, Szergi, Tamas, Csorba, Adam, Bertuzzi, Patrick, Toutain, Beno\u00eet, Picaud, Calypso, Creamer, Rachel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/jtve46"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/jtve46", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/jtve46", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/jtve46"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/fiuwgq", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Compilation of diagnostic horizons data", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset corresponds to a datamart produced by the WP2 team of the Landmark H2020 project. The database was developed by using a decision tree based script which determines the presence or absence of selected WRB diagnostic units (horizons, properties and materials) based on the harmonized soil profile dataset. The python-based code was developed based on the criteria defined by the World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 for the selected diagnostic units, by considering the difference in the information content of the input soil profile databases. Besides the presence/absence information, the code returns a percentage of reliability which provides an estimation on the reliability of the prediction of a certain diagnostic unit. The attributes are presented in the 'dh_dictionary' file.", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Agricultural Sciences", "Climate", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "15. Life on land", "Soil functions", "Farming Systems", "soil", "Farming Systems and Practices", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "climate", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas P.A., Mich\u00e9li, Erika, Csorba, Adam, Szergi, Tam\u00e1s, Vadnai, Peter, Dobos, Endre, Bertuzzi, Patrick, Toutain, Beno\u00eet, Picaud, Calypso, Gay, Laura, Chenu, Jean-Philippe, Creamer, Rachel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/fiuwgq"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/fiuwgq", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/fiuwgq", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/fiuwgq"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/gxlrhg", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "European climate indicators datasets", "description": "Open Access
This dataset corresponds to a datamart produced by the WP2 team of the Landmark H2020 project.
A specific request consists in the computation of a limited number of climate indicators for each grid cells and needed to run the dexi models. They are calculated for each year.
Those indicators was calculated for 2 periods:
Soil chemical properties during the transition from conventional to organic and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input farming practices were studied over 8 yr in California's Sacramento Valley to document changes in soil fertility status and nutrient storage. Four farming systems differing in crop rotation and external inputs were established on land previously managed conventionally. Fertility in the organic system depended on animal manure applications and winter cover crops; the two conventional systems received synthetic fertilizer inputs; the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system used cover crops and animal manure during the first 3 yr and cover crops and synthetic fertilizer for the remaining 5 yr. At 4 and 8 yr after establishment, most changes in soil chemical properties were consistent with predictions based on nutrient budgets. Inputs of C, P, K, Ca, and Mg were higher in the organic and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input systems as a result of manure applications and cover crop incorporations. After 4 yr, soils in the organic and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input systems had higher soil organic C, soluble P, exchangeable K, and pH. Ceasing manure applications in the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system in Year 4 resulted in declining levels of organic C, soluble P, and exchangeable K. Crop rotation (the presence or absence of corn) also had a significant effect on organic C levels. Differences in total N appeared to be related in part to inputs, but perhaps also to differing efficiency of the farming systems at storing excess N inputs: the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system appeared to be most efficient, and the conventional systems were least efficient. Electrical conductivity (EC), soluble Ca, and soluble Mg levels were tightly linked but not consistently different among treatments. Relatively stable EC levels in the organic system indicate that animal manures did not increase salinity. Overall, our findings indicate that organic and lowinput farming in the Sacramento Valley result in small but important increases in soil organic C and larger pools of stored nutrients, which are critical for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertility maintenance.
", "keywords": ["Soil chemical properties", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Organic farming", "Cover crops", "Cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Manure", "Low input agriculture", "Farm/Enterprise Scale", "Farming systems", "Low-input farming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Clark, M. S., Horwath, W. R., Shennan, C., Scow, K. M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/3674112", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-06", "description": "The quality of fallow lands in northern Mindanao, the Philippines, was assessed with a farm survey and soil sampling in order to understand land-use dynamics under upland commercial vegetable production systems. Twenty-one percent of com- mercial vegetable growers practiced fallow systems, with an average re-cultivation period of four years. The soils of the fallow lands were highly acidic, nutrient poor, and higher in exchangeable aluminum compared to lands currently under cultivation. Land fal- lowing was more prominent on large farms and those with higher farm labor requirements. Two distinct groups of land fallowers were identified. The first represented fallowers with a positive net return from vegetable crops while the second, and larger, group represented land fallowers with negative net return from vegetable crops. Re-cultivation of fallow lands was more common in the second group. To rejuvenate fallow lands, timber tree planting was the most preferred option of the first group while fruit trees were preferred by the second group. In light of the apparently slow rate of soil fertility regeneration, the lack of capital among most land fallowers, and the increasing demand for arable land to raise farm income, planting of trees on cultivated lands before their being set aside as fallow for natural fertility regeneration is suggested as a potential measure to increase farm income and the sustainability of upland commercial vegetable production under fallow systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Farm/Enterprise Scale Field Scale", "Income generation", "Timber", "Cash crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "12. Responsible consumption", "Sustainability", "Land use management", "Farming systems", "Tree crops", "Fallow", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Upland agriculture", "Fruit trees", "Vegetable systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3674112"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Mountain%20Research%20and%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/3674112", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/3674112", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/3674112"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4000/moussons.1887", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-18", "description": "Shifting cultivation is often described as \u201ctraditional\u201d, inflexible and outdated, in contrast with \u201cmodern\u201d, mechanised and chemical agriculture. This belief leads to overlooking farmer know-how, accumulated over generations to exploit natural resources while adapting itself to the mutations of the physical, social and economic environment.Research conducted in Phongsaly provides an idea about how complex and consistent a shifting cultivation system can be and how farmers optimise family labour but also limit their risks. External interventions\u2014policies, projects, etc.\u2014are aimed at improving the farmers\u2019 livelihood by converting their farming practices. When these interventions overlook how diversified slash-and-burn agriculture is, they often lead to oversimplifying the farming systems, impoverishing people and exposing them to natural and economic risks. These actions are then counterproductive. In the interest of the Lao nation, as a community, the policies and their implementation should be rethought so as to hold highland farmers of ethnic minorities in higher esteem and to widen the viewpoint, currently limited to a caricature of the mountains and forest, upheld by the culturally and politically dominant lowland inhabitants.", "keywords": ["Social Sciences", "culture de rente", "DS1-937", "01 natural sciences", "savoir-faire des agriculteurs", "utilisation des terres", "forest", "H", "deforestation", "agricultural policy", "farming systems", "0101 mathematics", "d\u00e9veloppement rural", "agriculture sur br\u00fblis", "politique agricole", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "d\u00e9forestation", "cash crop", "History of Asia", "1. No poverty", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "environnement", "slash-and-burn", "swidden agriculture", "for\u00eats", "agriculture itin\u00e9rante", "Laos", "farmer know-how", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "syst\u00e8mes agricoles", "rural development"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ducourtieux, Olivier", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4000/moussons.1887"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Moussons", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4000/moussons.1887", "name": "item", "description": "10.4000/moussons.1887", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4000/moussons.1887"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.57745/ykzdfi", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:26:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Etude 4pour1000 : BANCO simulation data for publication of the article \"A Marginal Abatement Cost Curve for Climate Change Mitigation by additional carbon storage in French agricultural land\"", "description": "input data and simulation outputs of the BANCO model : cost effective allocation of the net abatement effort. Simulations made for the article revision submited to JCP. (2022-07-25)", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "Agricultural Sciences", "Economics", "Climate", "Social and Behavioural Sciences", "Social Sciences", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture", "7. Clean energy", "carbon sequestration", "Farming Systems", "modelling", "Farming Systems and Practices", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", " Aquaculture and Veterinary Medicine", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Agriculture", " Forestry", " Horticulture", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bami\u00e8re, Laure, Schiavo, Michele, Bellassen, Valentin, Delame, Nathalie, Letort, Elodie, Mosnier, Claire,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.57745/ykzdfi"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.57745/ykzdfi", "name": "item", "description": "10.57745/ykzdfi", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.57745/ykzdfi"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7717/peerj.10375", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:26:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-01", "title": "Effects of plastic mulching on the accumulation and distribution of macro and micro plastics in soils of two farming systems in Northwest China", "description": "BackgroundInappropriate disposal of the plastic mulching debris could create macroplastics (MaPs) and microplastics (MiPs) pollution in agricultural soil.
MethodsTo study the effects of farming systems on accumulation and distribution of agricultural plastic debris, research was carried out on two farming systems in Northwest China. Farming in Wutong Village (S1) is characterized by small plots and low-intensity machine tillage while farming in Shihezi (S2) is characterized by large plots and high-intensity machine tillage. In September 2017, we selected six fields in S1, three fields with 6\uffe2\uff80\uff938 years of continuous plastic mulching (CM) as well as three fields with over 30 years of intermittent mulching (IM). In S2, we selected five cotton fields with 6, 7, 8, 15 and 18 years of continuous mulching. In both regions, MaPs and MiPs from soil surface to 30 cm depth (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) were sampled.
ResultsThe results showed that in S1, MaPs mass in fields with 6\uffe2\uff80\uff938 years CM (i.e., 97.4kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were significantly higher than in fields with 30 years IM (i.e., 53.7 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). MaPs in size category of 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 cm2 accounted for 46.9% in fields of CM and 44.5% in fields of IM of total collected MaPs number. In S2, MaPs mass ranged from 43.5 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 to 148 kg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. MaPs in size category of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm2 account for 41.1% of total collected MaPs number while 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff932 cm2 accounted for 40.6%. MiPs in S1 were mainly detected in fields with over 30 years of intermittent mulching (up to 2,200 particles\uffc2\uffb7kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil), whereas in S2 were detected in all fields (up to 900 particles\uffc2\uffb7kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil). The results indicated farming systems could substantially affect the accumulation and distribution of agricultural plastic debris. Continuous plastic mulching could accumulate higher amount of MaPs than intermittent plastic mulching. High-intensity machine tillage could lead to higher fragmentation of MaPs and more severe MiPs pollution. These results suggest that agricultural plastic regulations are needed.