BACKGROUND: Denitrification is a microbial process that has received considerable attention during the past decade since it can result in losses of added nitrogen fertilisers from agricultural soils. Paddy soil has been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the denitrifying microorganisms responsible for fertilisers in paddy soil are not well known. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year application of inorganic and organic fertiliser (rice straw) on the abundance and composition of a nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Soil samples were collected from CK plots (no fertiliser), N (nitrogen fertiliser), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers) and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic matter). The nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) community composition was analysed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the abundance was determined by quantitative PCR.
RESULTS: Both the largest abundance of nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier and the highest potential denitrifying activity (PDA) occurred in the NPK + OM treatment with about four times higher than that in the CK and two times higher than that in the N and NPK treatments (no significant difference). Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among fertilisation treatments except for the comparison between CK and N treatments. Of the measured abiotic factors, total organic carbon was significantly correlated with the observed differences in community composition and abundance (P < 0.01 by Monte Carlo permutation).
CONCLUSION: This study shows that the addition of different fertilisers affects the size and composition of the nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Carbon", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Denitrification", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Monte Carlo Method", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-25", "title": "Soil Biological Quality Of Grassland Fertilized With Adjusted Cattle Manure Slurries In Comparison With Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers", "description": "We studied the effect of five fertilizers (including two adjusted manure slurries) and an untreated control on soil biota and explored the effect on the ecosystem services they provided. Our results suggest that the available N (NO 3 \u2212 and NH 4 + ) in the soil plays a central role in the effect of fertilizers on nematodes and microorganisms. Microorganisms are affected directly through nutrient availability and indirectly through grass root mass. Nematodes are affected indirectly through microbial biomass and grass root mass. A lower amount of available N in the treatment with inorganic fertilizer was linked to a higher root mass and a higher abundance and proportion of herbivorous nematodes. A higher amount of available N in the organic fertilizer treatments resulted in a twofold higher bacterial activity (measured as bacterial growth rate, viz. thymidine incorporation), a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes, a 30% higher potential N mineralization (aerobic incubation), and 25\u201350% more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation). Compared to inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilization increased the C total, the N total, the activity of decomposers, and the supply of nutrients via the soil food web. Within the group of organic fertilizers, there was no significant difference in C total, abundances of soil biota, and the potential N mineralization rate. There were no indications that farmyard manure or the adjusted manure slurries provided the ecosystem service \u201csupply of nutrients\u201d better than normal manure slurry. Normal manure slurry provided the highest bacterial activity and the highest amount of mineralizable N and it was the only fertilizer resulting in a positive trend in grass yield over the years\u00a02000\u20132005. The number of earthworm burrows was higher in the treatments with organic fertilizers compared to the one with the inorganic fertilizer, which suggests that organic fertilizers stimulate the ecosystem service of water regulation more than inorganic fertilizer. The trend towards higher epigeic earthworm numbers with application of farmyard manure and one of the adjusted manure slurries, combined with the negative relation between epigeic earthworms and bulk density and a significantly lower penetration resistance in the same fertilizer types, is preliminary evidence that these two organic fertilizer types contribute more to the service of soil structure maintenance than inorganic fertilizer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "pig slurry", "6. Clean water", "earthworms oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "nematodes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "microorganisms", "term", "management", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157225", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Perennial alley cropping contributes to decrease soil CO2 and N2O emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean almond orchard", "description": "The implementation of alley cropping in orchards can be a sustainable strategy to increase farm productivity by cropMore diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.2740240603", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-01", "title": "Uptake And Distribution Of Added Selenite And Selenate By Barley And Red Clover As Influenced By Sulphur", "description": "AbstractThe uptake of added Se from selenite and selenate by barley and red clover was investigated in a pot experiment. Much more of selenate than of selenite was taken up but the Se concentrations in the plants declined more with time when selenate was the source. Increasing sulphate addition to the soil decreased the uptake of Se from selenate greatly and from selenite to a lesser extent. The ratio Se in the roots/Se in the tops shows that Se is more readily translocated from the roots when taken up from added selenate than from selenite.
On the basis of these and other investigations it is concluded that selenite is a better source than selenate when the Se concentration in the plants has to be raised to a level sufficient for livestock nutrition.
", "keywords": ["Radioisotopes", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Sulfates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Selenium", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena", "Edible Grain", "Fertilizers"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gunnar Gissel-Nielsen", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740240603"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.2740240603", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.2740240603", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.2740240603"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1973-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-27", "title": "Comparison Of Organic Versus Mineral Resource Effects On Short-Term Aggregate Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In A Sandy Soil Versus A Fine Textured Soil", "description": "Abstract Aggregation and stabilization of soil organic C (SOC) and N are highly dependent on soil texture and addition of organic resources (ORs). While OR quality may influence SOC and N stabilization within aggregates, the simultaneous addition of N-fertilizers may enhance OR decomposition resulting in loss of SOC. A mesocosm study was conducted on a clayey soil at Embu and a sandy soil at Machanga in central Kenya to determine the influence of soil texture, OR quality and N-fertilizer on aggregation, SOC and N. Tithonia diversifolia (high quality), Calliandra calothyrsus (medium quality) and Zea mays (maize; low quality) residues, natural abundance or labeled with 15 N, were applied to soil at an equivalent rate of 4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 compared to no input control. Each treatment was fertilized with 120\u00a0kg 14 N or 15 N\u00a0ha \u22121 as (NH 2 ) 2 CO, or not fertilized. Soil samples were collected at installation of the mesocosms (start), and 8 months after installation (end). Soils were separated into different aggregate size fractions by wet sieving and macroaggregates were further fractionated to isolate microaggregates-within-macroaggregates. Total soil and aggregate fractions were analyzed for SOC and N. On average, 20% and 70% of SOC and N was in the macroaggregates in the sandy and clayey soils, respectively. There were no differences among OR quality in both soils but in the clayey soil all ORs resulted in greater SOC and N than in the control. However, proportions of OR-derived N in the macroaggregates, mostly in the microaggregates-within-macroaggregates were greater with sole applied maize in the clayey soil. The addition of N-fertilizer together with maize stover reduced soil N, macroaggregate N, and OR-derived N in the microaggregate and silt and clay fractions within macroaggregates compared to when maize was applied alone. In the sandy soil, Calliandra resulted in greater OR-derived N than Tithonia in the coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM; i.e., 5% compared to 2% of N applied). Thus, the greater polyphenol concentration in Calliandra likely slowed its decomposition compared to that of Tithonia . In addition, greater proportions of N and residue-derived N in the macroaggregates were observed in the coarse POM in the sandy soil whereas in the clayey soil it was in the microaggregates-within-macroaggregates. We conclude that the preservation of OR-derived N is affected by the chemical recalcitrance of the residues in sandy soils, whereas macroaggregate protection, and not OR quality, is the major factor in clayey soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "textura del suelo", "enmiendas org\u00e1nicas", "soil texture", "abonos nitrogenados", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "nitrogen fertilizers", "organic amendments", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecology", "soil structural units", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-29", "title": "Efficiency Of Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors In Reducing Ammonia Volatilization From Diverse Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied To Different Soil Types And Wheat Straw Mulching", "description": "Some authors suggest that the absence of tillage in agricultural soils might have an influence on the efficiency of nitrogen applied in the soil surface. In this study we investigate the influence of no-tillage and soil characteristics on the efficiency of a urease inhibitor (N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) and a nitrification inhibitor (diciandiamide, DCD) in decreasing ammonia volatilization from urea and ammonium nitrate (AN), respectively.The results indicate that ammonia volatilization in soils amended with urea was significantly higher than in those fertilized with AN. Likewise, the main soil factors affecting ammonia volatilization from urea are clay and sand soil contents. While clay impedes ammonia volatilization, sand favours it. The presence of organic residues on soil surface (no-tillage) tends to increase ammonia volatilization from urea, although this fact depended on soil type. The presence of NBPT in urea fertilizer significantly reduced soil ammonia volatilization. This action of NBPT was negatively affected by acid soil pH and favoured by soil clay content.The presence of organic residues on soil surface amended with urea increased ammonia volatilization, and was particularly high in sandy compared with clay soils. Application of NBPT reduced ammonia volatilization although its efficiency is reduced in acid soils. Concerning AN fertilization, there were no differences in ammonia volatilization with or without DCD in no-tillage soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Silicon Dioxide", "Nitrification", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Organophosphorus Compounds", "Ammonia", "Clay", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aluminum Silicates", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Humic Substances", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4349"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4349"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.5550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-06", "title": "The Effect Of Rice Straw Incorporation Into Paddy Soil On Carbon Sequestration And Emissions In The Double Cropping Rice System", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, methane emission, and the net carbon sink represented by rice straw incorporated into soil (RIS) were studied using long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimentation with rice straw incorporated into soil (LRIS) and short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimentation with different patterns of rice straw incorporated into soil (SPRIS).
RESULTS: Soil organic carbon could be improved by RIS combined with soil ploughing. The increased rate of SOC deposition per cultivated layer was 0.10 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for 2.625 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 straw incorporated each season in LRIS and 0.36 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for 4.5 t straw ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 season\uffe2\uff88\uff921 incorporated in SPRIS; the apparent SOC conversion by rice straw (stubble) was reduced as the amount of incorporated straw increased. However, RIS methane emission from paddy fields also significantly exacerbated the CH4 emission flux observed during the early and late rice growing seasons, which was increased by 75.0% (P < 0.01) and 251.5% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertiliser (NPK). The apparent methane conversion of straw was almost uniform with a similar rice yield and soil cultivating mode. Among the patterns of RIS, methane emission was significantly reduced under straw covering untilled land, and this property led to the lowest apparent methane conversion.
CONCLUSION: RIS with ploughing and tilling resulted in negative carbon sequestration because of increased methane emissions. A combined NPK application with only rice stubble incorporation may be sustainable for a higher rice yield, but this approach has a reduced rate of negative carbon sequestration in the paddy field. Straw covering with no tillage was the best measure to realise high yield and low carbon emission for RIS. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.5550", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.5550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.5550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7207", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-10", "title": "Mineralization dynamics in soil fertilized with seaweed-fish waste compost", "description": "Seaweed and fish waste can be composted together to obtain fertilizer with high organic matter and nutrient contents. The nutrients, however, are mostly in organic form and must be mineralized to make them available to plants. The objective of this work was to establish a usage guideline for the compost by studying its mineralization dynamics. Also, the release of inorganic N and C from soil fertilized with the compost was monitored and modelled.C and N were released throughout the assay, to an extent significantly dependent on fertilizer rate. Mineralization of both elements fitted a first-order exponential model, and each fertilizer rate required using a specific fitting model. An increased rate favoured mineralization (especially of carbon). After 90 days, 2.3% of C and 7.7% of N were mineralized (and 23.3% of total nitrogen made plant available) with the higher rate.C mineralization was slow because organic matter in the compost was very stable. On the other hand, the relatively high initial content in mineral N of the compost increased gradually by the effect of mineralization. The amount of N available would suffice to meet the requirements of moderately demanding crops at the lower fertilizer rate, and even those of more demanding crops at the higher rate.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Fishes", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Seaweed", "Carbon", "Refuse Disposal", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7207/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7207"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7207", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7207", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7207"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-30", "title": "Espresso coffee residues as a nitrogen amendment for small-scale vegetable production", "description": "Espresso coffee grounds constitute a residue which is produced daily in considerable amounts, and is often pointed out as being potentially interesting for plant nutrition. Two experiments (incubations and field experiments) were carried out to evaluate the potential nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply for carrot (Daucus carota L.), spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) nutrition.Immobilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus was detected in all the incubations and, in the field experiments, germination and yield growth were decreased by the presence of espresso coffee grounds, in general for all the species studied.The study showed an inhibition of N and P mineralisation and a reduction of plant germination and growth. Further research is required to determine whether this is related to the immobilising capacity of the residue or possibly due to the presence of caffeine.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Nitrogen", "Plant Extracts", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Coffea", "Germination", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Coffee", "01 natural sciences", "Daucus carota", "Soil", "Spinacia oleracea", "Caffeine", "Vegetables", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7325/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/rcm.6254", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-15", "title": "Soil Mineral N Retention And N2o Emissions Following Combined Application Of 15n-Labelled Fertiliser And Weed Residues", "description": "RATIONALEThe combination of plant residues with inorganic fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N provides the potential to increase N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency in agricultural fruit production systems, such as olive orchards. The development of weeds in the inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90canopy area of olive orchards is encouraged as a novel strategy to reduce soil erosion. However, little is known about soil N retention or N2O production following the combined application of inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N with the mulched weed residues.
METHODSEmissions of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O and soil mineral 15N retention were measured following combined applications of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled fertiliser and a range of olive crop weed residues to a silty loam soil under controlled conditions. These plant residues differed in their C:N ratios, lignin and polyphenol contents.
RESULTSThe magnitude of soil 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 retention from combining plant residues and fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N was highly dependent on potential N mineralisation (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff88\uff920.96) and the (lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89polyphenol)\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ratio (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.98) of the residues. Fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived retention was zero for a legume\uffe2\uff80\uff90based mulch but up to 80% in the treatment containing plant residues with a high (lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89polyphenol)\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ratio. N2O emissions increased after the addition of residues, and increased further (up to 128%) following the combined application of inorganic fertiliser and residues. Fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O was <1.4% of the total 14+15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O emission and <0.01% of the applied 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93. Enhanced N2O emissions following the application of residues and the fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N values were positively correlated with the C:N ratio of the residue. Thus, combining organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N immobilised a significant proportion of the inorganic N with little increase in N2O, especially in low C:N ratio residues.
CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate that whilst there is potential for N2O emissions to be controlled by combining weed residues and inorganic fertilisers, this is not easy to achieve as the magnitude and direction of interactions vary between different species due to their varying substrate qualities. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Chemistry", " Analytical", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plants", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Biochemical Research Methods", "0104 chemical sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Spectroscopy", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6254"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.6254", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.6254", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.6254"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-15", "title": "Appropriate Technologies To Replenish Soil Fertility In Southern Africa", "description": "In southern Africa, soil nutrient reserves are being depleted because of continued nutrient mining without adequate replenishment. The consequent downward spiral of soil fertility has led to a corresponding decline in crop yields, food insecurity, food aid and environmental degradation. The central issue for improving agricultural productivity in southern Africa is how to build up and maintain soil fertility despite the low incomes of smallholder farmers and the increasing land and labour constraints they face. Under this review five main options namely: inorganic fertilizers, grain legumes, animal manures, integrated nutrient management and agroforestry options appropriate to smallholder farmers are presented. Issues addressed in the use of inorganic fertilizers are reduction in fertilizer costs, timely availability and use efficiency. Legumes can be used to diversify farm system productivity but this requires P and lime application to support better legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as well as development of markets for various legume products. Manure availability and quality are central issues in increasing smallholder farm productivity and increasing its efficiency through proper handling and application methods. Integrated nutrient management of soil fertility by combined application of both inputs will increase use efficiency of inputs and reduce costs and increase profitability; but the challenge is often how to raise adequate amounts of either inorganic or organic inputs. Issues such as quality of inputs, nutrient balancing, labour to collect and transport organic inputs and their management need to be optimized. These are the challenges of adoption as are the scaling up of these options to millions of small-scale farmers.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "grain legumes", "fertilidad del suelo", "leguminosas de grano", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "12. Responsible consumption", "africa meridional", "inorganic fertilizers", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "1. No poverty", "tecnolog\u00eda apropiada", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "6. Clean water", "appropriate technology", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mafongoya, P.L., Bationo, B. Andr\u00e9, Kihara, Job Maguta, Waswa, Boaz Shaban,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-1-4020-5760-1_55", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-03", "title": "Comparative Short-Term Effects Of Different Quality Organic Resources On Maize Productivity Under Two Different Environments In Zimbabwe", "description": "Major challenges for combined use of organic and mineral nutrient sources in smallholder agriculture include variable type and quality of the resources, their limited availability, timing of their relative application and the proportions at which the two should be combined. Short-term nutrient supply capacity of five different quality organic resources ranging from high to low quality, namely Crotalaria juncea, Calliandra calothyrsus, cattle manure, maize stover and Pinus patula sawdust were tested in the field using maize as a test crop. The study was conducted on two contrasting soil types at Makoholi and Domboshawa, which fall under different agro-ecological regions of Zimbabwe. Makoholi is a semi-arid area ( 750 mm yr\u22121) soils are sandy-clay loams with 220 g kg\u22121 clay. Each organic resource treatment was applied at low (2.5 t C ha\u22121) and high (7.5 t C ha\u22121) biomass rates at each site. Each plot was sub-divided into two with one half receiving 120 kg N ha\u22121 against zero in the other. At Makoholi, there was a nine-fold increase in maize grain yield under high application rates of C. juncea over the unfertilized control, which yielded only 0.4 t ha\u22121. Combinations of mineral N fertilizer with the leguminous resources and manure resulted in between 24% and 104% increase in grain yield against sole fertilizer, implying an increased nutrient recovery by maize under organic\u2013mineral combinations. Maize biomass measured at 2 weeks after crop emergence already showed treatment differences, with biomass yields increasing linearly with soil mineral N availability (R2 = 0.75). This 2-week maize biomass in turn gave a positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.82) with grain yield suggesting that early season soil mineral N availability largely determined final yield. For low quality resources of maize stover and sawdust, application of mineral N fertilizer resulted in at least a seven-fold grain yield increase compared with sole application of the organic resources. Such nutrient combinations resulted in grain harvest indices of between 44% and 48%, up from a mean of 35% for sole application, suggesting the potential of increasing maize productivity from combinations of low quality resources with mineral fertilizer under depleted sandy soils. At Domboshawa, grain yields averaged 7 t ha\u22121 and did not show any significant treatment differences. This was attributed to relatively high levels of fertility under the sandy-clay loams during this first year of the trial implementation. Differences in N supply by different resources were only revealed in grain and stover uptake. Grain N concentration from the high quality leguminous resources averaged 2% against 1.5% from sawdust treatments. We conclude that early season soil mineral N availability is the primary regulatory factor for maize productivity obtainable under poor sandy soils. Maize biomass at 2 weeks is a potential tool for early season assessment of potential yields under constrained environments. However, the likely impact on system productivity following repeated application of high N-containing organic materials on different soil types remains poorly understood.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "yields", "fertilizer application", "abonos nitrogenados", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "ma\u00edz", "nitrogen fertilizers", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "rendimiento"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5760-1_55"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-1-4020-5760-1_55", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-1-4020-5760-1_55", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-1-4020-5760-1_55"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-003-0229-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-17", "title": "Methanogen Communities In A Drained Bog: Effect Of Ash Fertilization", "description": "Forestry practises such has drainage have been shown to decrease emissions of the greenhouse gas methane (CH(4)) from peatlands. The aim of the study was to examine the methanogen populations in a drained bog in northern Finland, and to assess the possible effect of ash fertilization on potential methane production and methanogen communities. Peat samples were collected from control and ash fertilized (15,000 kg/ha) plots 5 years after ash application, and potential CH(4) production was measured. The methanogen community structure was studied by DNA isolation, PCR amplification of the methyl coenzyme-M reductase (mcr) gene, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The drained peatland showed low potential methane production and methanogen diversity in both control and ash-fertilized plots. Samples from both upper and deeper layers of peat were dominated by three groups of sequences related to Rice cluster-I hydrogenotroph methanogens. Even though pH was marginally greater in the ash-treated site, the occurrence of those sequences was not affected by ash fertilization. Interestingly, a less common group of sequences, related to the Fen cluster, were found only in the fertilized plots. The study confirmed the depth related change of methanogen populations in peatland.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "tuhkalannoitus", "metanogeeniset mikrobit", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "ojitetut suot", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-0229-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-003-0229-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-003-0229-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-003-0229-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-29", "title": "Impacts Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Nitrification In A Cold Climate Soil Are Linked To The Bacterial Ammonia Oxidizer Community", "description": "The microbiology underpinning soil nitrogen cycling in northeast China remains poorly understood. These agricultural systems are typified by widely contrasting temperature, ranging from -40 to 38\u00b0C. In a long-term site in this region, the impacts of mineral and organic fertilizer amendments on potential nitrification rate (PNR) were determined. PNR was found to be suppressed by long-term mineral fertilizer treatment but enhanced by manure treatment. The abundance and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques. The abundance of AOA was reduced by all fertilizer treatments, while the opposite response was measured for AOB, leading to a six- to 60-fold reduction in AOA/AOB ratio. The community structure of AOA exhibited little variation across fertilization treatments, whereas the structure of the AOB community was highly responsive. PNR was correlated with community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA. Variation in the community structure of AOB was linked to soil pH, total carbon, and nitrogen contents induced by different long-term fertilization regimes. The results suggest that manure amendment establishes conditions which select for an AOB community type which recovers mineral fertilizer-suppressed soil nitrification.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Bacteria", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Cold Climate", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Genes", " Archaeal", "Soil", "DNA", " Archaeal", "Ammonia", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00253-016-7736-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-27", "title": "Structure Of Bacterial Communities In Soil Following Cover Crop And Organic Fertilizer Incorporation", "description": "Incorporation of organic material into soils is an important element of organic farming practices that can affect the composition of the soil bacterial communities that carry out nutrient cycling and other functions crucial to crop health and growth. We conducted a field experiment to determine the effects of cover crops and fertilizers on bacterial community structure in agricultural soils under long-term organic management. Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed diverse communities comprising 45 bacterial phyla in corn rhizosphere and bulk field soil. Community structure was most affected by location and by the rhizosphere effect, followed by sampling time and amendment treatment. These effects were associated with soil physicochemical properties, including pH, moisture, organic matter, and nutrient levels. Treatment differences were apparent in bulk and rhizosphere soils at the time of peak corn growth in the season following cover crop and fertilizer application. Cover crop and fertilizer treatments tended to lower alpha diversity in early season samples. However, winter rye, oilseed radish, and buckwheat cover crop treatments increased alpha diversity in some later season samples compared to a no-amendment control. Fertilizer treatments and some cover crops decreased relative abundance of members of the ammonia-oxidizing family Nitrosomonadaceae. Pelleted poultry manure and Sustane\u00ae (a commercial fertilizer) decreased the relative abundance of Rhizobiales. Our data point to a need for future research exploring how (1) cover crops influence bacterial community structure and functions, (2) these effects differ with biomass composition and quantity, and (3) existing soil conditions and microbial community composition influence how soil microbial populations respond to agricultural management practices.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "DNA", " Bacterial", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "DNA", " Ribosomal", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Fertilizers", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7736-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Microbiology%20and%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00253-016-7736-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00253-016-7736-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00253-016-7736-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-010-9602-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-29", "title": "Cocoa Intensification Scenarios And Their Predicted Impact On Co2 Emissions, Biodiversity Conservation, And Rural Livelihoods In The Guinea Rain Forest Of West Africa", "description": "The Guinean rain forest (GRF) of West Africa, identified over 20 years ago as a global biodiversity hotspot, had reduced to 113,000 km2 at the start of the new millennium which was 18% of its original area. The principal driver of this environmental change has been the expansion of extensive smallholder agriculture. From 1988 to 2007, the area harvested in the GRF by smallholders of cocoa, cassava, and oil palm increased by 68,000 km2. Field results suggest a high potential for significantly increasing crop yields through increased application of seed-fertilizer technologies. Analyzing land-use change scenarios, it was estimated that had intensified cocoa technology, already developed in the 1960s, been pursued in Cote d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon that over 21,000 km2 of deforestation and forest degradation could have been avoided along with the emission of nearly 1.4 billion t of CO2. Addressing the low productivity of agriculture in the GRF should be one of the principal objectives of REDD climate mitigation programs.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "fertilizers", "poverty", "1. No poverty", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "livelihoods", "15. Life on land", "redd-plus", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "mitigation", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "intensification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gockowski, J., Sonwa, D.J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9602-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-010-9602-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-010-9602-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-010-9602-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0711-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-20", "title": "Increased Soil Stable Nitrogen Isotopic Ratio Following Phosphorus Enrichment: Historical Patterns And Tests Of Two Hypotheses In A Phosphorus-Limited Wetland", "description": "We used a P enrichment gradient in the Everglades to investigate patterns of the stable N isotopic ratio (delta(15)N) in peat profiles as an indicator of historic eutrophication of this wetland. We also tested two hypotheses to explain the effects of P on increased delta(15)N of organic matter including: (1) increased N mineralization/N loss, and (2) reduced isotopic discrimination during macrophyte N uptake. Spatial patterns of delta(15)N in surface litter and soil (0-10 cm) mimic those of the aboveground macrophytes (Typha domingensis Pers. and Cladium jamaicense Crantz). Peat profiles also show increased delta(15)N in the peat accumulated in areas near the historic P discharges since the early 1960s. The increased delta(15)N of bulk peat correlated well with both measured increases in soil total P and the historical beginning of nutrient discharges into this wetland. In 15-day bottle incubations of soil, added P had no effect on the delta(15)N of NH (4) (+) and significantly increased the delta(15)N of water-extractable organic N. Measurements of surface soils collected during a field mesocosm experiment also revealed no significant effect of P on delta(15)N even after 5 years of P addition. In contrast, delta(15)N of leaf and root tissues of hydroponically grown Typha and Cladium were shown to increase up to 12 per thousand when grown at elevated levels of P and fixed levels of N (as NH (4) (+) ). The magnitude of changes in delta(15)N resulting from altered discrimination during N uptake is significant compared with other mechanisms affecting plant delta(15)N, and suggests that this may be the dominant mechanism affecting delta(15)N of organic matter following P enrichment. The results of this study have implications for the interpretation of delta(15)N as an indicator of shifts in relative N limitation in wetland ecosystems, and also stress the importance of experimental validation in interpreting delta(15)N patterns.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Water", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Florida", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0711-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0711-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0711-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0711-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Bacterial And Fungal Microbial Diversity In The Kabete Long-Term Trial, Kenya", "description": "The effects of crop manure and inorganic fertilizers on composition of microbial communities of central high land soils of Kenya are poorly known. For this reason, we have carried out a thirty-two-year-old long-term trial in Kabete, Kenya. These soils were treated with organic (maize stover (MS) at 10 t ha\u22121, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha\u22121) and inorganic fertilizers 120 kg N, 52.8 kg P (N2P2), N2P2 + MS, N2P2 + FYM, a control, and a fallow for over 30 years. We examined 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation, respectively. The PCR bacterial community structure and diversity were negatively affected by N2P2 and were more closely related to the bacterial structure in the soils without any addition (control) than that of soils with a combination of inorganic and organic or inorganic fertilizers alone. The effect on fungal diversity by N2P2 was different than the effect on bacterial diversity since the fungal diversity was similar to that of the N2P2 + FYM and N2P2 + MS-treated. However, soils treated with organic inputs clustered away from soils amended with inorganic inputs. Organic inputs had a positive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity with or without chemical fertilizers. Results from this study suggested that total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to agro-ecosystem management practices and may partially explain the yield differences observed between the different treatments.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Microbial diversity", "soil microorganisms", "engrais organique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27870", "Organic and inorganic amendments", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "630", "fertilisation", "biodiversit\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4592", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "inorganic fertilizers", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34326", "fertility", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "6. Clean water", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "PCR", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34079", "polymerization", "community structure", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "management", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "flore microbienne", "soil", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36167", "micro-organisme du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "pratique culturale", "microorganismos del suelo", "suelo", "flore du sol", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "polimerizaci\u00f3n", "15. Life on land", "engrais min\u00e9ral", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-10", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function", "description": "Open AccessA field study was carried out to analyze the short-term impacts of replacing mineral by organic fertilizers on the microbial and biochemical parameters relevant for soil fertility and crop yield. Three types of fertilization regimes were compared: (1) conventional fertilizer regime with inorganic fertilizer, and combined integrated fertilizer regimes in which 25 % of the nutrients were supplied by either (2) rabbit manure or (3) vermicompost. The effects on microbial community structure and function (phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] profiles, bacterial growth, fungal growth, basal respiration, \u03b2-glucosidase, protease and phosphomonoesterase activities), soil biochemical properties (total C, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], N-NH4 +, N-NO3 \u2212, PO4, total K) and crop yield were investigated in the samples collected from the experimental soil at harvest, 3 months after addition of fertilizer. The integrated fertilizer regimes stimulated microbial growth, altered the structure of soil microbial community and increased enzyme activity relative to inorganic fertilization. Bacterial growth was particularly influenced by the type of fertilizer regime supplied, while fungal growth only responded to the amount of fertilizer provided. The use of manure produced a fast increase in the abundance of PLFA biomarkers for Gram-negative bacteria as compared to inorganic fertilizer. Nutrient supply and crop yield with organic fertilizers were maintained at similar levels to those obtained with inorganic fertilizer. The effects of the organic amendments were observed even when they involved a small portion of the total amount of nutrients supplied; thereby confirming that some of the beneficial effects of integrated fertilizer strategies may occur in the short term.", "keywords": ["Manure", "2. Zero hunger", "2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "13. Climate action", "Sustainable agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "PLFAs", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vermicompost", "6. Clean water", "Organic fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-18", "title": "Nitrogen Oxide Emissions From An Irrigated Maize Crop Amended With Treated Pig Slurries And Composts In A Mediterranean Climate", "description": "Open AccessOrganic fertilizers may differ greatly in composition and as a result there may also be differences in nitrogen oxides emissions following their application to soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mineral and organic N fertilizers on the nitrification and denitrification processes, and consequently on N2O and NO emissions. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out on an irrigated sandy loam soil under Mediterranean conditions during the maize (Zea mays L.) growing season. Untreated pig slurry (UPS) both with and without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (UPS + DCD), digested thin pig slurry fraction (DTP), composted solid fraction of slurry mixed with urea (CPS + U) and composted municipal solid waste mixed with urea (MSW + U) were applied at a rate of 175 kg available N ha 1. Their emissions were compared with those from urea (U) and a control treatment to which no nitrogen fertilization was administered (Control). Accumulated nitrous oxide losses during the crop season ranged from 6.0 to 9.3 kg N2O-N ha 1 for the Control and CPS + U, respectively, whereas nitric oxide losses ranged from 0.01 to 0.23 kg NO-N ha 1, for the Control and U, respectively. The use of digested slurries mitigated N2O emission by 25% in relation to untreated pig slurry, but NO emissions were similar for both treatments. Dicyandiamide reduced N2O and NO emissions by 64 and 78% with respect to slurry without the inhibitor. An indirect effect of DCD on denitrification was also observed, with a reduction of 32% in denitrification with respect to the slurry without the inhibitor. In this case, the greatest reduction in denitrification losses occurred during the irrigation period. Composts mixed with urea reduced NO emissions by 56% (CPS + U) and 85% (MSW + U) in relation to the urea treatment, but its effect on N2O depended on the type of compost involved: CPS + U increased N2O emission by 27%, whereas MSW + U reduced it by 55% in relation to urea. Denitrification was the most important process responsible for N2O emissions when organic fertilizers were applied to the soil, while nitrification was the most important for the inorganic fertilizer. The C:N ratio of fertilizers was a good predictor of their NO emissions, denitrification losses and N2O/N2 ratio. On the other hand, added soluble N was a good predictor for cumulative N2O emissions during the period before irrigation. This work shows that an appropriate selection of organic fertilizers based on their composition could be used to mitigate emissions of the atmospheric pollutants NO and N2O in comparison with urea.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitric oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Pig slurry", "Organic fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-006-0392-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-17", "title": "Co2 And N-Fertilization Effects On Fine-Root Length, Production, And Mortality: A 4-Year Ponderosa Pine Study", "description": "We conducted a 4-year study of juvenile Pinus ponderosa fine root (< or =2 mm) responses to atmospheric CO2 and N-fertilization. Seedlings were grown in open-top chambers at three CO2 levels (ambient, ambient+175 mumol/mol, ambient+350 mumol/mol) and three N-fertilization levels (0, 10, 20 g m(-2) year(-1)). Length and width of individual roots were measured from minirhizotron video images bimonthly over 4 years starting when the seedlings were 1.5 years old. Neither CO2 nor N-fertilization treatments affected the seasonal patterns of root production or mortality. Yearly values of fine-root length standing crop (m m(-2)), production (m m(-2) year(-1)), and mortality (m m(-2) year(-1)) were consistently higher in elevated CO2 treatments throughout the study, except for mortality in the first year; however, the only statistically significant CO2 effects were in the fine-root length standing crop (m m(-2)) in the second and third years, and production and mortality (m m(-2) year(-1)) in the third year. Higher mortality (m m(-2) year(-1)) in elevated CO2 was due to greater standing crop rather than shorter life span, as fine roots lived longer in elevated CO2. No significant N effects were noted for annual cumulative production, cumulative mortality, or mean standing crop. N availability did not significantly affect responses of fine-root standing crop, production, or mortality to elevated CO2. Multi-year studies at all life stages of trees are important to characterize belowground responses to factors such as atmospheric CO2 and N-fertilization. This study showed the potential for juvenile ponderosa pine to increase fine-root C pools and C fluxes through root mortality in response to elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Pinus ponderosa", "Seedlings", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mark Johnson, J. Timothy Ball, Dale W. Johnson, Marjorie J. Storm, Donald L. Phillips, David T. Tingey,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0392-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-006-0392-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-006-0392-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-006-0392-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1392-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-24", "title": "Plant Community Responses To 5 Years Of Simulated Climate Change In Meadow And Heath Ecosystems At A Subarctic-Alpine Site", "description": "Climate change was simulated by increasing temperature and nutrient availability in an alpine landscape. We conducted a field experiment of BACI-design (before/after control/impact) running for five seasons in two alpine communities (heath and meadow) with the factors temperature (increase of ca. 1.5-3.0 degrees C) and nutrients (5 g N, 5 g P per m(2)) in a fully factorial design in northern Swedish Lapland. The response variables were abundances of plant species and functional types. Plant community responses to the experimental perturbations were investigated, and the responses of plant functional types were examined in comparison to responses at the species level. Nutrient addition, exclusively and in combination with enhanced temperature increase, exerted the most pronounced responses at the species-specific and community levels. The main responses to nutrient addition were increases in graminoids and forbs, whereas deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, bryophytes, and lichens decreased. The two plant communities of heath or meadow showed different vegetation responses to the environmental treatments despite the fact that both communities were located on the same subarctic-alpine site. Furthermore, we showed that the abundance of forbs increased in response to the combined treatment of temperature and nutrient addition in the meadow plant community. Within a single-plant functional type, most species responded similarly to the enhanced treatments although there were exceptions, particularly in the moss and lichen functional types. Plant community structure showed BACI responses in that vegetation dominance relationships in the existing plant functional types changed to varying degrees in all plots, including control plots. Betula nana and lichens increased in the temperature-increased enhancements and in control plots in the heath plant community during the treatment period. The increases in control plots were probably a response to the observed warming during the treatment period in the region.", "keywords": ["Sweden", "0106 biological sciences", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Climate", "Temperature", "Plant Development", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Statistics", " Nonparametric", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1392-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1392-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1392-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1392-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-08", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics In Arctic Tundra Soils Of Varying Age: Differential Responses To Fertilization And Warming", "description": "In the foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska, different glaciation histories have created landscapes with varying soil age. Productivity of most of these landscapes is generally N limited, but varies widely, as do plant species composition and soil properties (e.g., pH). We hypothesized that the projected changes in productivity and vegetation composition under a warmer climate might be mediated through differential changes in N availability across soil age. We compared readily available [water-soluble NH4 (+), NO3 (-), and amino acids (AA)], moderately available (soluble proteins), hydrolyzable, and total N pools across three tussock-tundra landscapes with soil ages ranging from 11.5k to 300k years. The effects of fertilization and warming on these N pools were also compared for the two younger sites. Readily available N was highest at the oldest site, and AA accounted for 80-89 % of this N. At the youngest site, inorganic N constituted the majority (80-97 %) of total readily available N. This variation reflected the large differences in plant functional group composition and soil chemical properties. Long-term (8-16 years) fertilization increased the soluble inorganic N by 20- to 100-fold at the intermediate-age site, but only by twofold to threefold at the youngest site. Warming caused small and inconsistent changes in the soil C:N ratio and AA, but only in soils beneath Eriophorum vaginatum, the dominant tussock-forming sedge. These differential responses suggest that the ecological consequences of warmer climates on these tundra ecosystems are more complex than simply elevated N-mineralization rates, and that the responses of landscapes might be impacted by soil age, or time since deglaciation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Arctic Regions", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Ice Cover", "Biomass", "Cyperaceae", "Fertilizers", "Alaska", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s100210000025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-25", "title": "Controls On Soil Carbon Dioxide And Methane Fluxes In A Variety Of Taiga Forest Stands In Interior Alaska", "description": "CO2 and CH4 fluxes were monitored over 4 years in a range of taiga forests along the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Floodplain alder and white spruce sites and upland birch/aspen and white spruce sites were examined. Each site had control, fertilized, and sawdust amended plots; flux measurements began during the second treatment year. CO2 emissions decreased with successional age across the sites (alder, birch/aspen, and white spruce, in order of succession) regardless of landscape position. Although CO2 fluxes showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature, the response of CO2 production to moisture fit an asymptotic model. Of the manipulations, only N fertilization had an effect on CO2 flux, decreasing flux in the floodplain sites but increasing it in the birch/aspen site. Landscape position was the best predictor of CH4 flux. The two upland sites consumed CH4 at similar rates (approximately 0.5 mg C m\u22122 d\u22121), whereas the floodplain sites had lower consumption rates (0\u20130.3 mg C m\u22122 d\u22121). N fertilization and sawdust both inhibited CH4 consumption in the upland birch/aspen and floodplain spruce sites but not in the upland spruce site. The biological processes driving CO2 fluxes were sensitive to temperature, moisture, and vegetation, whereas CH4 fluxes were sensitive primarily to landscape position and biogeochemical disturbances. Hence, climate change effects on C-gas flux in taiga forest soils will depend on the relationship between soil temperature and moisture and the concomitant changes in soil nutrient pools and cycles.", "keywords": ["landscape-ecology", "Betulaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "flux-", "soil-nutrient-pools", "Coniferopsida-: Gymnospermae-", "Vascular-Plants", "forests-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "carbon-dioxide", "nitrogen-fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "carbon-dioxide: emissions-", "nitrogen-: fertilization-", "vegetation-", "birch- (Betulaceae-)", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "74-82-8: METHANE", "Plantae-", "white-spruce (Coniferopsida-)", "successional-age", "boreal-forests", "environmental-temperature", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "taiga-forest-stands", "Angiosperms-", "Gymnosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "sawdust-", "methane-", "15. Life on land", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "floodplains-", "mathematical-models", "13. Climate action", "alder- (Betulaceae-)", "upland-sites", "Alaska- (USA-", "climate-change", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "Dicots-", "methane-: consumption-", "moisture-", "climatic-change", "temperature-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s100210000025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s100210000025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s100210000025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-006-9027-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-17", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizer Inputs On Maize Yield And Soil Chemical Properties In A Maize Cropping System In Meru South District, Kenya", "description": "Soil nutrient depletion as a result of continuous cultivation of soils without adequate addition of external inputs is a major challenge in the highlands of Kenya. An experiment was set up in Meru South District, Kenya in 2000 to investigate the effects of different soil-incorporated organic (manure, Tithonia diversifolia, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala) and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize yield, and soil chemical properties over seven seasons. On average, tithonia treatments (with or without half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer) gave the highest grain yield (5.5 and 5.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 respectively) while the control treatment gave the lowest yield (1.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). After 2\u00a0years of trial implementation, total soil carbon and nitrogen contents were improved with the application of organic residues, and manure in particular improved soil calcium content. Results of the economic analysis indicated that on average across the seven seasons, tithonia with half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer treatment recorded the highest net benefit (USD 787\u00a0ha\u22121) while the control recorded the lowest (USD 272\u00a0ha\u22121). However, returns to labor or benefit-cost ratios were in most cases not significantly improved when organic materials were used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "yields", "forestry", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "maize", "6. Clean water", "ma\u00edz", "sistemas de cultivo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "inorganic fertilizers", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "rendimiento"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-006-9027-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-006-9027-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-006-9027-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-006-9027-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-18", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Fertilizer On Soil Enzymatic Activity Of Wheat Field Soil In Loess Plateau, China", "description": "The effects of long-term (29 years) fertilization on local agro-ecosystems in the Loess Plateau of northwest China, containing a single or combinations of inorganic (Nitrogen, N; Phosphate, P) and organic (Mature, M Straw, S) fertilizer, including N, NP, SNP, M, MNP, and a control. The soil enzymes, including dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and glomalin, were investigated in three physiological stages (Jointing, Dough, and Maturity) of wheat growth at three depths of the soil profile (0-15, 16-30, 31-45 cm). We found that the application of farmyard manure and straw produced the highest values of soil enzymatic activity, especially a balanced applied treatment of MNP. Enzymatic activity was lowest in the control. Values were generally highest at dough, followed by the jointing and maturity stages, and declined with soil profile depth. The activities of the enzymes investigated here are significantly correlated with each other and are correlated with soil nutrients, in particular with soil organic carbon. Our results suggest that a balanced application of fertilizer nutrients and organic manure (especially those containing P) has positive effects on multiple soil chemical parameters, which in turn enhances enzyme activity. We emphasize the role of organic manure in maintaining soil organic matter and promoting biological activity, as its application can result in a substantial increase in agricultural production and can be sustainable for many years.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "beta-Fructofuranosidase", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-15", "title": "Are Nitrogen-Fertilized Forest Soils Sinks Or Sources Of Carbon?", "description": "We developed a simple conceptual model that tracks nitrogen and carbon jointly through an N fertilized forest ecosystem. The stimulation of growth increases the litterfall and imports substrate for soil microorganisms. Microbial biomass forms according to the supply of C and N. The formation of microbial biomass is accompanied by respiratory C losses. The quantity of CO2 efflux depends on the C use efficiency of microbes. When excess N is available, the microbial activity is accelerated and the demand for substrate is high. Litterfall supplies an insufficient amount of C to the soil. In such a case, labile soil C is mineralized and the net effect of N fertilization is a loss of soil C. A strong N fertilization effect on the aboveground biomass can offset the soil C loss. In the case of a low N dosage or high N losses due to leaching or emission of nitrogen oxides, the soil C loss is small. The conceptual model was applied to a case study. The field data, collected over a time span of several decades, could not support sound conclusions on the temporal trend of soil C because the spatial and temporal variability of the chemical data was high. The conceptual model allowed to give an evaluation of the fertilization effect on soil C based on reproducible principles.", "keywords": ["nitrogen-fertilized", "sinks", "550", "Nitrogen", "carbon", "souces", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "forest soils", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Forest Sciences", "Environmental Sciences", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Van Miegroet, H., Jandl, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-006-9410-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-29", "title": "No Evidence That Chronic Nitrogen Additions Increase Photosynthesis In Mature Sugar Maple Forests", "description": "Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can increase forest growth. Because N deposition commonly increases foliar N concentrations, it is thought that this increase in forest growth is a consequence of enhanced leaf-level photosynthesis. However, tests of this mechanism have been infrequent, and increases in photosynthesis have not been consistently observed in mature forests subject to chronic N deposition. In four mature northern hardwood forests in the north-central United States, chronic N additions (30 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as NaNO3 for 14 years) have increased aboveground growth but have not affected canopy leaf biomass or leaf area index. In order to understand the mechanism behind the increases in growth, we hypothesized that the NO3(-) additions increased foliar N concentrations and leaf-level photosynthesis in the dominant species in these forests (sugar maple, Acer saccharum). The NO3(-) additions significantly increased foliar N. However, there was no significant difference between the ambient and +NO3(-) treatments in two seasons (2006-2007) of instantaneous measurements of photosynthesis from either canopy towers or excised branches. In measurements on excised branches, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (micromol CO2 s(-1) g(-1) N) was significantly decreased (-13%) by NO3(-) additions. Furthermore, we found no consistent NO3(-) effect across all sites in either current foliage or leaf litter collected annually throughout the study (1993-2007) and analyzed for delta 13C and delta 18O, isotopes that can be used together to integrate changes in photosynthesis over time. We observed a small but significant NO3(-) effect on the average area and mass of individual leaves from the excised branches, but these differences varied by site and were countered by changes in leaf number. These photosynthesis and leaf area data together suggest that NO3(-) additions have not stimulated photosynthesis. There is no evidence that nutrient deficiencies have developed at these sites, so unlike other studies of photosynthesis in N-saturated forests, we cannot attribute the lack of a stimulation of photosynthesis to nutrient limitations. Rather than increases in C assimilation, the observed increases in aboveground growth at our study sites are more likely due to shifts in C allocation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Isotopes", "Michigan", "Nitrates", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oxygen Isotopes", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Oxygen", "Plant Leaves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2076.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-2076.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Root Distribution In Developing Stands Of Four Woody Crop Species Grown With Drip Irrigation And Fertilization", "description": "In forest trees, roots mediate such significant carbon fluxes as primary production and soil CO2 efflux. Despite the central role of roots in these critical processes, information on root distribution during stand establishment is limited, yet must be described to accurately predict how various forest types, which are growing with a range of resource limitations, might respond to environmental change. This study reports root length density and biomass development in young stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoidies Bartr.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) that have narrow, high resource site requirements, and compares them with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which have more robust site requirements. Fine roots ( 5 mm) were sampled to determine spatial distribution in response to fertilizer and irrigation treatments delivered through drip irrigation tubes. Root length density and biomass were predominately controlled by stand development, depth and proximity to drip tubes. After accounting for this spatial and temporal variation, there was a significant increase in RLD with fertilization and irrigation for all genotypes. The response to fertilization was greater than that of irrigation. Both fine and coarse roots responded positively to resources delivered through the drip tube, indicating a whole-root-system response to resource enrichment and not just a feeder root response. The plastic response to drip tube water and nutrient enrichment demonstrate the capability of root systems to respond to supply heterogeneity by increasing acquisition surface. Fine-root biomass, root density and specific root length were greater for broadleaved species than pine. Roots of all genotypes explored the rooting volume within 2 years, but this occurred faster and to higher root length densities in broadleaved species, indicating they had greater initial opportunity for resource acquisition than pine. Sweetgum\u2019s root characteristics and its response to resource availability were similar to the other broadleaved species, despite its functional resemblance to pine regarding robust site requirements. It was concluded that genotypes, irrigation and fertilization significantly influenced tree root system development, which varied spatially in response to resource-supply heterogeneity created by drip tubes. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in these stands will be used to interpret nutrient acquisition and soil respiration measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Crops", "Distribution", "Forests", "Functional Groups", "01 natural sciences", "Cottonwoods", "Biomass", "Trees Functional Groups", "Fertilizers", "Functionals", "Irrigation", "Respiration", "Sycamores", "Nutrients", "Root Length Density Soil Heterogeneity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vertical Root Distribution", "Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Spatial Distribution", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Stand Development", "Pines", "Plastics", "Woody Crops"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Coleman, Mark", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-17", "title": "Assessment Of Nutrient Deficiencies In Maize In Nutrient Omission Trials And Long-Term Field Experiments In The West African Savanna", "description": "Low soil fertility is one of the main constraints to crop production in the West African savanna. However, the response of major cereals to fertilizer applications is often far below the potential yields. Low fertilizer efficiency, inadequacy of current fertilizer recommendations, and the ignorance of nutrients other than N, P, and K may limit crop production. Nutrient limitations to maize production were identified in on-farm trials in Togo and in several long-term experiments in Nigeria and Benin. Maize ear leaf samples were analyzed for macro and micro-nutrients, and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated Systems (DRIS) was applied to rank nutrients according to their degree of limitation to maize. In the on-farm trials, both yield and DRIS results indicated that, when N is supplied, P limited maize production in all fields, reducing yields by 31% on average. Sulfur was limiting in 81% of the fields and was responsible for an average yield reduction of 20%. In the long-term experiments where N, P, and K had been annually applied, Ca and Mg indices were strongly negative, indicative of deficiency. Zn indices were negative in all trials. Despite N-fertilizer additions, N indices remained negative in some of the long-term experiments, pointing to low efficiency of applied fertilizers. There was a direct link between DRIS indices and the management imposed in the different experiments, indicating that DRIS is a useful approach to reveal nutrient deficiencies or imbalances in maize in the region.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "diagnosis and recommendation integrated system", "fertilizers", "soil deficiencies", "producci\u00f3n vegetal", "maize", "deficiencias del suelo", "01 natural sciences", "savannas", "ma\u00edz", "soil", "wheat", "sistema integrado de diagn\u00f3stico y recomendaci\u00f3n", "balances", "regions", "abonos", "sabanas", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "nigeria", "copper", "sulfur", "plant production", "\u00e1frica occidental", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-008-9714-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-16", "title": "Agronomic Use Efficiency Of N Fertilizer In Maize-Based Systems In Sub-Saharan Africa Within The Context Of Integrated Soil Fertility Management", "description": "Traditionally, crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depends primarily on mining soil nutrients. Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) is an approach for intensifying agriculture in SSA that aims at maximizing the agronomic efficiency (AE) of applied nutrient inputs. ISFM contains the following essential components: proper fertilizer management, use of improved varieties, the combined application of organic inputs and fertilizer, and adaptation of input application rates to within-farm soil fertility gradients where these are important. This paper evaluates, through meta-analysis, the impact of these components on the AE of fertilizer N (N-AE), defined as extra grain yield per kg fertilizer N applied, in maize-based systems in SSA. Since N-AE is low for excessive fertilizer N application rates or when fertilizer is applied on fertile, unresponsive soil, as was confirmed by scatter plots against control yields and fertilizer N application rates, such values were removed from the database in order to focus on and elucidate the more variable and complex responses under less than ideal conditions typical for SSA. Compared with local varieties, the use of hybrid maize varieties significantly increased N-AE values (17 and 26\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121, respectively) with no differences observed between local and improved, open-pollinated varieties. Mixing fertilizer with manure or compost resulted in the highest N-AE values [36\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121] while organic inputs of medium quality also showed significantly higher N-AE values compared with the sole fertilizer treatment but only at low organic input application rates (40 and 23\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121, respectively). High quality organic inputs (Class I) and those with a high C-to-N ratio (Class III) or high lignin content (Class IV) did not affect N-AE values in comparison with the sole fertilizer treatment. Application of N fertilizer on infields resulted in significantly higher N-AE values [31\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121] compared with the outfields [17\u00a0kg (kg\u00a0N)\u22121]. The obtained information indicates that N-AE is amenable to improved management practices and that the various components embedded in the ISFM definition result in improvements in N-AE.", "keywords": ["germoplasma", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrogen fertilizers", "soil fertility", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "abonos nitrogenados", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "germplasm", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "maize", "africa al sur del sahara", "ma\u00edz"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0462-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-11", "title": "Does the combined application of organic and mineral nutrient sources influence maize productivity? A meta-analysis", "description": "The combined application of organic resources (ORs) and mineral fertilizers is increasingly gaining recognition as a viable approach to address soil fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive and quantitative synthesis of conditions under which ORs, N fertilizers, and combined ORs with N fertilizers positively or negatively influence Zea mays (maize) yields, agronomic N use efficiency and soil organic C (SOC) in SSA. Four OR quality classes were assessed; classes I (high quality) and II (intermediate quality) had >2.5% N while classes III (intermediate quality) and IV (low quality) had <2.5% N and classes I and III had <4% polyphenol and <15% lignin. On the average, yield responses over the control were 60%, 84% and 114% following the addition of ORs, N fertilizers and ORs + N fertilizers, respectively. There was a general increase in yield responses with increasing OR quality and OR-N quantity, both when ORs were added alone or with N fertilizers. Surprisingly, greater OR residual effects were observed with high quality ORs and declined with decreasing OR quality. The greater yield responses with ORs + N fertilizers than either resource alone were mostly due to extra N added and not improved N utilization efficiency because negative interactive effects were, most often, observed when combining ORs with N fertilizers. Additionally, their agronomic N use efficiency was not different from sole added ORs but lower than N fertilizers added alone. Nevertheless, positive interactive effects were observed in sandy soils with low quality ORs whereas agronomic use efficiency was greater when smaller quantities of N were added in all soils. Compared to sole added ORs, yield responses for the combined treatment increased with decreasing OR quality and greater yield increases were observed in sandy (68%) than clayey soils (25%). While ORs and ORs + N fertilizer additions increased SOC by at least 12% compared to the control, N fertilizer additions were not different from control suggesting that ORs are needed to increase SOC. Thus, the addition of ORs will likely improve nutrient storage while crop yields are increased and more so for high quality ORs. Furthermore, interactive effects are seldom occurring, but agronomic N use efficiency of ORs + N fertilizers were greater with low quantities of N added, offering potential for increasing crop productivity.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil management", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "Agronomic n use efficiency", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "ma\u00edz", "Soil", "abonos npk", "npk fertilizers", "Field Scale", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Sub-Saharan Africa", "soil fertility", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Interactive effects", "15. Life on land", "Organic resource quality", "Yield response", "Integrated soil fertility management", "Meta-analysis", "Zea maize", "Soil conservation", "Fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-11", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizer Nitrogen On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant-Captured Carbon Under Maize Cropping In Zimbabwe", "description": "Optimizing a three-way pact comprising crop yields, fertility inputs and greenhouse gases may minimize the contribution of croplands to global warming. Fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from soil were measured under maize (Zea mays L.) grown using 0, 60 and 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N hm-2 as NH4NO3-N and composted manure-N in three seasons on clay (Chromic luvisol) and sandy loam (Haplic lixisol) soils in Zimbabwe. The fluxes were measured using the static chamber methodology involving gas chromatography for ample air analysis. Over an average of 122\u00a0days we estimated emissions of 0.1 to 0.5\u00a0kg N2O-N hm\u22122, 711 to 1574\u00a0kg CO2-C hm\u22122 and\u22122.6 to 5.8\u00a0kg CH4-C hm\u22122 from six treatments during season II with the highest fluxes. The posed hypothesis that composted manure-N may be better placed as a mitigation option against soil emissions of GHG than mineral fertilizer-N was largely supported by N2O fluxes during the wet period of the year, but with high level of uncertainty. Nitrogen addition might have stimulated both emissions and consumption of CH4 but the sink or source strength depended highly on soil water content. We concluded that the application of mineral-N and manure input may play an important role with reference to global warming provided the season can support substantial crop productivity that may reduce the amount of N2O loss per unit yield. Confidence in fluxes response to agricultural management is still low due to sporadic measurements and limited observations from the southern African region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "manures (fertilizers)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Maize", "zea mays", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "climate", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-31", "title": "Effects Of Improving Nitrogen Management On Nitrogen Utilization, Nitrogen Balance, And Reactive Nitrogen Losses In A Mollisol With Maize Monoculture In Northeast China", "description": "Traditional fertilization led to higher apparent N surplus, and optimized fertilization can reduce residual nitrogen in soils with keeping high yield. But in continuous spring maize cropping zone in Mollisol in Northeast China, the effect of the optimized N management on N balance and comprehensive environment was not clear. The primary objective of this study was to compare the differences of two fertilizations (traditional farmer N management (FNM) with single basal fertilizer and improvement N management (INM) by soil testing with top-dressing) in gain yield, N uptake and N efficiency, soil N balance, reactive N losses, and environment assessment. The results showed that INM treatment has no remarkable effect on grain yield and N uptake; N partial factor productivity (PFPN) of INM treatment was 19.8 % significantly higher than the FNM treatment. Nmin in soils of INM treatment reached to 111.0 kg ha(-1), which was 27.1 % lower than the FNM treatment after 6 years of continuous maize cropping; the apparent N Losses (ANL) and apparent N surplus (ANS) of INM were only half of FNM by soil N balance analysis. In reactive N losses, comparing with FNM treatment, INM treatment reduced NH3 volatilization, N2O emission, N leaching, and N runoff by 17.8, 35.6, 45, and 38.3 %, respectively, during planting period, and in integrated environment assessment by life cycle assessment (LCA) method, producing 1 t maize grain, energy depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and climate change impacts of INM treatment decreased 26.19, 30.16, 32.61, and 22.75 %, respectively. Therefore, INM treatment is a better N management strategy in comprehensive analysis.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Edible Grain", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-015-5684-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-27", "title": "Crop Residue Management And Fertilization Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Associated Biological Properties", "description": "Returning crop residue may result in nutrient reduction in soil in the first few years. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess whether this negative effect is alleviated by improved crop residue management (CRM). Nine treatments (3 CRM and 3\u00a0N fertilizer rates) were used. The CRM treatments were (1) R0: 100\u00a0% of the N using mineral fertilizer with no crop residues return; (2) R: crop residue plus mineral fertilizer as for the R0; and (3) Rc: crop residue plus 83\u00a0% of the N using mineral and 17\u00a0% manure fertilizer. Each CRM received N fertilizer rates at 270, 360, and 450\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha(-1) year(-1). At the end of the experiment, soil NO3-N was reduced by 33\u00a0% from the R relative to the R0 treatment, while the Rc treatment resulted in a 21 to 44\u00a0% increase in occluded particulate organic C and N, and 80\u00a0\u00b0C extracted dissolved organic N, 19 to 32\u00a0% increase in microbial biomass C and protease activity, and higher monounsaturated phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA):saturated PLFA ratio from stimulating growth of indigenous bacteria when compared with the R treatment. Principal component analysis showed that the Biolog and PLFA profiles in the three CRM treatments were different from each other. Overall, these properties were not influenced by the used N fertilizer rates. Our results indicated that application of 17\u00a0% of the total N using manure in a field with crop residues return was effective for improving potential plant N availability and labile soil organic matter, primarily due to a shift in the dominant microorganisms.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Minerals", "Enzymatic activity", "550", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "Fertilizer rate", "Biolog", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-25", "title": "Accumulation, Availability, And Uptake Of Heavy Metals In A Red Soil After 22-Year Fertilization And Cropping", "description": "Fertilization is important to increase crop yields, but long-term application of fertilizers probably aggravated the risk of heavy metals in acidic soils. In this study, the effect of 22-year fertilization and cropping on accumulation, availability, and uptake of heavy metals in red soil was investigated. The results showed that pig manure promoted significantly cadmium (Cd) accumulation (average 1.1 mg kg(-1)), nearly three times higher than national soil standards and, thus, increased metal availability. But the enrichment of heavy metals decreased remarkably by 50.5 % under manure fertilization, compared with CK (control without fertilization). On the contrary, chemical fertilizers increased greatly lead (Pb) availability and Cd activity; in particular, exceeding 85 % of soil Cd became available to plant under N (nitrogen) treatment during 9-16 years of fertilization, which correspondingly increased their enrichment by 29.5 %. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers caused soil acidification and manure fertilization led to the increase in soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and available phosphorus (Olsen P), which influenced strongly metal behavior in red soil, and their effect had extended to deeper soil layer (20\u223c40 cm). It is advisable to increase application of manure alone with low content of heavy metals or in combination with chemical fertilizers to acidic soils in order to reduce toxic metal risk.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Swine", "Phosphorus", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Fertilizers", "Humic Substances", "Cadmium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nan Sun, Jialong Lv, Jing Liu, Shiwei Zhou, Minggang Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-26", "title": "The Potential Of Residues Of Furfural And Biogas As Calcareous Soil Amendments For Corn Seed Production", "description": "Intensive corn seed production in Northwest of China produced large amounts of furfural residues, which represents higher treatment cost and environmental issue. The broad calcareous soils in the Northwest of China exhibit low organic matter content and high pH, which led to lower fertility and lower productivity. Recycling furfural residues as soil organic and nutrient amendment might be a promising agricultural practice to calcareous soils. A 3-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of furfural as a soil amendment on corn seed production on calcareous soil with compared to biogas residues. Soil physical-chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and soil heavy metal concentrations were assessed in the last year after the last application. Corn yield was determined in each year. Furfural residue amendments significantly decreased soil pH and soil bulk density. Furfural residues combined with commercial fertilizers resulted in the greater cumulative on soil organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity than that of biogas residue. Simultaneously, urease, invertase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase increased even at the higher furfural application rates. Maize seed yield increased even with lower furfural residue application rates. Furfural residues resulted in lower Zn concentration and higher Cd concentration than that of biogas residues. Amendment of furfural residues led to higher soil electrical conductivity (EC) than that of biogas residues. The addition of furfural residues to maize seed production may be considered to be a good strategy for recycling the waste, converting it into a potential resource as organic amendment in arid and semi-arid calcareous soils, and may help to reduce the use of mineral chemical fertilizers in these soils. However, the impact of its application on soil health needs to be established in long-term basis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Metals", " Heavy", "Seeds", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Furaldehyde", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhijun Ma, Youfu Zhang, Li Zhang, Zhibin Yan, Jiahai Qin, Zhao Yunchen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-015-5828-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-12", "title": "Nitrate pollution in the Warta River (Poland) between 1958 and 2016: trends and causes", "description": "The article presents analyses of long-term water quality data from the Warta River between 1958 and 2016. A clear increasing trend in nitrate concentrations was observed from 1958 to the early 1990s. This trend was mainly related to the increasing use of fertilizers in Poland in this period. Then, after the early 1990s, a slow decreasing trend related to improvements in water and sewage management and more rational fertilizer use was observed after political and economic changes in Poland. The influence of long-term hydrological droughts on nitrate concentrations was also investigated. Sharp increases in the nitrate concentration in surface water were related to the accumulation of contaminants in the soil and aeration zone during drought periods and the subsequent transport of these contaminants to groundwater and surface water via recharge infiltration after each drought period. The presented results highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions and suggest that groundwater protection in an entire catchment area is essential for surface water quality protection.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Rivers", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Water Quality", "Humans", "Poland", "Fertilizers", "Groundwater under Threat from Diffuse Contaminants: Improving on-Site Sanitation", " Agriculture and Water Supply Practices", "Groundwater", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Mulching On N2o Emissions And Maize Productivity In A Rain-Fed Upland", "description": "In the hilly areas of southern China, uplands and paddies are located adjacent to each other. Using rice straw as mulch for upland soil may improve crop production and partially replace chemical fertilizers, which may mitigate N2O emissions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of rice straw mulching for mitigating N2O emissions and increasing crop production. The treatments included no mulching (CK), 5000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM5), and 10,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM10). Moreover, all the treatments received equivalent amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from chemical fertilizers plus rice straw. Relative to CK, cumulative N2O emissions decreased by 23.1 and 33.5% with SM5 and SM10, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between N2O fluxes and soil water-filled pore space (WPFS) (r 2\u2009=\u20090.495, P\u2009<\u20090.05) and between seasonal cumulative N2O fluxes and the chemical N fertilization rate (r 2\u2009=\u20090.814, P\u2009<\u20090.05). These findings indicate that soil WPFS was the key environmental factor in N2O emissions and that the substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with rice straw was the main driver of N2O mitigation. Relative to CK, the maize yield increased by 16.5 and 29.6% with SM5 and SM10, respectively, which can be attributed primarily to the increases in soil moisture. The chemical fertilizer input could be decreased and N2O emissions could be mitigated through straw mulching, while achieving improved crop yield. This management strategy has great potential, and this study provides an important reference for low-carbon agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Rain", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hai Jun Hou, Chun Mei Yin, Xiao Hong Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Li Xie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-03", "title": "Characterization Of The Bacterial And Archaeal Communities In Rice Field Soils Subjected To Long-Term Fertilization Practices", "description": "The bacterial and archaeal communities in rice field soils subjected to different fertilization regimes for 57 years were investigated in two different seasons, a non-planted, drained season (April) and a rice-growing, flooded season (August), by performing soil dehydrogenase assay, real-time PCR assay and pyrosequencing analysis. All fertilization regimes increased the soil dehydrogenase activity while the abundances of bacteria and archaea increased in the plots receiving inorganic fertilizers plus compost and not in those receiving inorganic fertilizers only. Rice-growing and flooding decreased the soil dehydrogenase activity while they increased the bacterial diversity in rice field soils. The bacterial communities were dominated by Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria and the archaeal communities by Crenarchaeota at the phylum level. In principal coordinates analysis based on the weighted Fast UniFrac metric, the bacterial and archaeal communities were separated primarily by season, and generally distributed along with soil pH, the variation of which had been caused by long-term fertilization. Variations in the relative abundance according to the season or soil pH were observed for many bacterial and archaeal groups. In conclusion, the microbial activity, prokaryotic abundance and diversity, and prokaryotic community structure in the rice field soils were changed by season and long-term fertilization.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12275-014-4129-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-02", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Different Fertilization On Bacterial Community Structures And Diversity In Citrus Orchard Soil Of Volcanic Ash", "description": "This study was conducted to assess bacterial species richness, diversity and community distribution according to different fertilization regimes for 16 years in citrus orchard soil of volcanic ash. Soil samples were collected and analyzed from Compost (cattle manure, 2,000 kg/10a), 1/2 NPK+compost (14-20-14+2,000 kg/10a), NPK+compost (28-40-28+2,000 kg/10a), NPK (28-40-28 kg/10a), 3 NPK (84-120-84 kg/10a), and Control (no fertilization) plot which have been managed in the same manners with compost and different amount of chemical fertilization. The range of pyrosequencing reads and OTUs were 4,687-7,330 and 1,790-3,695, respectively. Species richness estimates such as Ace, Chao1, and Shannon index were higher in 1/2 NPK+compost than other treatments, which were 15,202, 9,112, 7.7, respectively. Dominant bacterial groups at level of phylum were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Those were occupied at 70.9% in 1/2 NPK+compost. Dominant bacterial groups at level of genus were Pseudolabrys, Bradyrhizobium, and Acidobacteria. Those were distributed at 14.4% of a total of bacteria in Compost. Soil pH displayed significantly closely related to bacterial species richness estimates such as Ace, Chao1 (p<0.05) and Shannon index (p<0.01). However, it showed the negative correlation with exchangeable aluminum contents (p<0.05). In conclusion, diversity of bacterial community in citrus orchard soil was affected by fertilization management, soil pH changes and characteristics of volcanic ash.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Citrus", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "Biodiversity", "Volcanic Eruptions", "15. Life on land", "Acidobacteria", "Actinobacteria", "Manure", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Proteobacteria", "Animals", "Cattle", "14. Life underwater", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "Alphaproteobacteria"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4129-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12275-014-4129-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12275-014-4129-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12275-014-4129-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-26", "title": "Potential of Fish Pond Sediments Composts as Organic Fertilizers", "description": "AbstractIncreased fish pond production is associated with the generation of various waste including fish pond sediments. Fish pond sediments could be a valuable source of nutrients for growing plants, however they require further processing in order to be applied to soil. Composting is considered one of the methods for processing fish pond sediments. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of organic fish pond sediments to be managed through laboratory composting with selected waste materials and evaluate the fertilizing potential of the obtained compost. The scope included: (1) analysis of organic fish pond sediments, (2) laboratory composting of organic fish pond sediments with wheat straw and green grass, (3) analysis of the obtained composts, (4) preparation of growing media with selected additives, (5) analysis of the properties of the prepared growing media and (6) analysis of the effect of the investigated growing media on the growth ofPhaseolus vulgaris L.in pot experiments. The addition of cardboard waste and woodchips derived biochar to the obtained compost improved significantly the growth of the roots ofCardamine L. Also, the content of carbon and nitrogen in the compost mixtures increased. The addition of M1 (compost from organic fish pond sediments and 1% of biochar) to the soil had a significant impact on the growth of white beans.
Graphic Abstract
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Composting", "Fertilization", "Organic fish pond sediments", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Organic waste", "6. Clean water", "Organic aquaculture", "Organic fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Waste%20and%20Biomass%20Valorization", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12649-020-01074-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-26", "title": "Mitigating Global Warming Potentials Of Methane And Nitrous Oxide Gases From Rice Paddies Under Different Irrigation Regimes", "description": "A field experiment was conducted in Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm to investigate the mitigating effects of soil amendments such as calcium carbide, calcium silicate, phosphogypsum, and biochar with urea fertilizer on global warming potentials (GWPs) of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases during rice cultivation under continuous and intermittent irrigations. Among the amendments phosphogypsum and silicate fertilizer, being potential source of electron acceptors, decreased maximum level of seasonal CH4 flux by 25-27\u00a0% and 32-38\u00a0% in continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. Biochar and calcium carbide amendments, acting as nitrification inhibitors, decreased N2O emissions by 36-40\u00a0% and 26-30\u00a0% under continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. The total GWP of CH4 and N2O gases were decreased by 7-27\u00a0% and 6-34\u00a0% with calcium carbide, phosphogypsum, and silicate fertilizer amendments under continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. However, biochar amendments increased overall GWP of CH4 and N2O gases.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/AMBIO", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Soil Fertility Management: Impacts On Soil Macrofauna, Soil Aggregation And Soil Organic Matter Allocation", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic matter through integrated soil fertility management is important for soil quality and agricultural productivity, and for the persistence of soil faunal diversity and biomass. Little is known about the interactive effects of soil fertility management and soil macrofauna diversity on soil aggregation and SOM dynamics in tropical arable cropping systems. A study was conducted in a long-term trial at Kabete, Central Kenya, to investigate the effects of organic inputs (maize stover or manure) and inorganic fertilizers on soil macrofauna abundance, biomass and taxonomic diversity, water stable aggregation, whole soil and aggregate-associated organic C and N, as well as the relations between these variables. Differently managed arable systems were compared to a long-term green fallow system representing a relatively undisturbed reference. Fallowing, and application of farm yard manure (FYM) in combination with fertilizer, significantly enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass as well as aggregate stability and C and N pools in the top 15 cm of the soil. Earthworm abundance significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates, but all earthworm parameters positively correlated with whole soil and aggregate associated C and N, unlike termite parameters. Factor analysis showed that 35.3% of the total sample variation in aggregation and C and N in total soil and aggregate fractions was explained by earthworm parameters, and 25.5% by termite parameters. Multiple regression analysis confirmed this outcome. The negative correlation between earthworm abundance and total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregate could be linked to the presence of high numbers of Nematogenia lacuum in the arable treatments without organic amendments, an endogeic species that feeds on excrements of other larger epigeic worms and produces small excrements. Under the conditions studied, differences in earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were more important drivers of management-induced changes in aggregate stability and soil C and N pools than differences in termite populations. Highlights ? Application of farm yard manure + fertilizer improved aggregate stability and C and N stabilization in soil. ? Application of maize stover did not improve soil aggregation and C and N stabilization. ? Farm yard manure + fertilizer application enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass. ? Higher earthworm diversity and biomass enhanced aggregate and C and N stabilization. ? Earthworms were more important drivers of aggregate and C and N stabilization than termites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "carbon", "input management", "dynamics", "feeding termite", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "fungus-growing termites", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "physical-properties", "agricultural soils", "microaggregate formation", "earthworm activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Fertilizers&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Fertilizers&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Fertilizers&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Fertilizers&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 357, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T07:34:28.305688Z"}