Mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (MTEs, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (LTEs, 20+\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) field experiments are key sources of information to design future climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90smart agriculture. Within the European Joint Program SOIL (EJP SOIL), we built the EJP SOIL\uffe2\uff80\uff90MTE/LTE metadataset that contains metadata from 240 MTEs/LTEs across Europe. Metadata collected included precise descriptions of the treatments (combination of factors such as tillage, crop type/rotation, amendments/fertilizers, grazing and pest/weed management), soil and crop measurements and pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic information. Using different figures and dashboards, an overview of those MTEs/LTEs is presented and specific research themes (tillage systems, residue management, amendment type and cover crops) are further analysed within their pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic context. An interactive web portal developed in collaboration with the BonaRes project ( https://lte.bonares.de ), enables users to explore the metadataset and find relevant MTEs/LTEs for specific combinations of practices (e.g. all MTEs/LTEs that investigate cover crops on a Cambisol in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system). Finally, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the metadataset was carried out to highlight the potential contribution of MTEs/LTEs to a harmonized European soil observation and monitoring approach. We propose that the metadataset could be elaborated with metadata from other existing MTEs/LTEs in Europe or even worldwide. Field experiments were conducted in the early and late cropping seasons of 1979 on a loamysand Oxic Ustropept in a subhumid environment in Nigeria, using 40000, 50000 and 30000 + 40000 plants ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of maize (Zea mays L. cv. TZB), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. VITA\uffe2\uff80\uff905) and maize/cowpea intercrop respectively. These indicated that weed interference effects on crops under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage depended on cropping season, cropping pattern and crop species. In the early and late seasons respectively, thirty\uffe2\uff80\uff90five and twenty\uffe2\uff80\uff90nine different weed species were recorded and weed dry weights of approximately 10\uffc2\uffb74 and 5\uffc2\uffb77 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from the plots kept weedy throughout the season reduced corresponding food energy yields by 60 and 82%. Except for the intercrop, which in the early season showed significant yield reduction when exposed to 4 weeks\uffe2\uff80\uff99 weed interference after sowing, all cropping patterns needed more than 4 weeks\uffe2\uff80\uff99 interference to show significant yield reductions, regardless of cropping season. In the early season, weed interference accounted more for the yield reductions in monocultures than it did for those in the intercrop, but in the late season all cropping patterns were equally sensitive to weed association. Maize, which performed much better in the early season, showed greater yield reductions than cowpea under early weed interference but less under full\uffe2\uff80\uff90season interference irrespective of cropping pattern and season. Cowpea seed quality was more reduced by intercropping than by weed interference in the early season but neither of these factors affected seed quality significantly in the late season.
", "keywords": ["vigna unguiculata", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "maize", "cowpeas", "field experiments"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ayeni, A.O., Duke, W.B., Akobundu, I.O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1984-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/mec.15270", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long\u2010term field experiments", "description": "AbstractSoil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.In the atmospheric boundary layer, phenomena exist with challenging properties such as spatial heterogeneity, particularly during stable weak wind situations. Studying spatially heterogeneous features requires spatially distributed measurements on fine spatial and temporal scales. Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) can provide spatially distributed measurements, simultaneously offering a spatial resolution on the order of decimeters and a temporal resolution on the order of seconds. While FODS has already been deployed to study various variables, FODS wind direction sensing has only been demonstrated in idealized wind tunnel experiments. We present the first distributed observations of FODS wind directions from field data. The wind direction sensing is accomplished by using pairs of actively heated fiber optic cables with cone-shaped microstructures attached to them. Here we present three different methods of calculating wind directions from the FODS measurements, two based on using combined wind speed and direction information and one deriving wind direction independently from FODS wind speed. For each approach, the effective temporal and spatial resolution is quantified using spectral coherence. With each method of calculating wind directions, temporal resolutions on the order of tens of seconds can be achieved. The accuracy of FODS wind directions was evaluated against a sonic anemometer, showing deviations of less than 15\uffc2\uffb0 most of the time. The applicability of FODS for wind direction measurements in different environmental conditions is tested by analysing the dependence of FODS wind direction accuracy and observable scales on environmental factors. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of this technique by presenting a period that displays spatial and temporal structures in the wind direction.
", "keywords": ["Spectral analysis/models/distribution", "550", "Atmosphere", "0207 environmental engineering", "Distributed Temperature Sensing", "02 engineering and technology", "Field experiments", "Wind effects", "530", "01 natural sciences", "Turbulence", "13. Climate action", "Atmosphere-land interaction", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Freundorfer, Anita, Lapo, Karl, Schneider, Johann, Thomas, Christoph K.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/atot/aop/JTECH-D-21-0019.1/JTECH-D-21-0019.1.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0019.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/jtech-d-21-0019.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/jtech-d-21-0019.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0019.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:22:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-13", "title": "Chinese Milk Vetch As Green Manure Mitigates Nitrous Oxide Emission From Monocropped Rice System In South China", "description": "Open AccessMonocropped rice system is an important intensive cropping system for food security in China. Green manure (GM) as an alternative to fertilizer N (FN) is useful for improving soil quality. However, few studies have examined the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as GM on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from monocropped rice field in south China. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment with four treatments (control, no FN and CMV; CMV as GM alone, M; fertilizer N alone, FN; integrating fertilizer N with CMV, NM) was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating CMV as GM on N2O emission using a closed chamber-gas chromatography (GC) technique during the rice growing periods. Under the same N rate, incorporating CMV as GM (the treatments of M and NM) mitigated N2O emission during the growing periods of rice plant, reduced the NO3- content and activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase as well as the population of nitrifying bacteria in top soil at maturity stage of rice plant versus FN pots. The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of N2O from monocropped rice field was ranked as MTM. Prior studies tested the sensitivity of each of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in ten European long-term field experiments (LTEs) and assessed their relationships with pre-existing soil quality indicators of soil functioning. Here, the results of these previous studies are brought together and interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessment. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition played a weaker role in enhancing soil quality, possibly due to the range of composition of the organic matter inputs used in the LTEs. POXC was the indicator that discriminated best between soil management practices, followed by nematode indices based on functional characteristics. Structural equation modeling shows that POXC has a central role in nutrient retention/supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes. Their feasibility of application is discussed and needs for future research are outlined.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "labile carbon|long-term field experiments|organic matter addition|soil biological indicators|tillage", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Long-term field experiments", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Soil biological indicators", "Labile carbon", "Organic matter addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bongiorno, Giulia", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://journal.hep.com.cn/fase/fileup/2095-7505/PDF/fileup/2095-7505/PDF/26919/1584618502145-2077835878.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.15302/j-fase-2020323"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20of%20Agricultural%20Science%20and%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15302/j-fase-2020323", "name": "item", "description": "10.15302/j-fase-2020323", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15302/j-fase-2020323"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/200/2009-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:23:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Mineral And Organic Fertilization Efficiency In Long-Term Stationary Experiments", "description": "In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.", "keywords": ["long-term field experiment", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "sewage sludge", "mineral fertilizers", "Plant culture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "spring barley", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "SB1-1110", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "potatoes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "V. Nedv\u011bd, Ji\u0159\u00ed Bal\u00edk, K. \u010c\u00e1sov\u00e1, J. \u010cern\u00fd, M. Kulh\u00e1nek,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/200/2009-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/200/2009-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/200/2009-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/200/2009-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy14040837", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:24:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-17", "title": "The Influence of Different, Long-Term Fertilizations on the Chemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Currently, revealing soil management strategies that store the maximum atmospheric CO2 in the soil is a major issue. This is best explored by investigating long-term experiments, like the Skierniewice (Poland) field trial, established in 1921 on sandy loam Luvisol. In this trial, the variants analyzed included control (CON), manure (MAN), legumes (LEG), and manure + legumes (MAN + LEG). Soil samples from the A horizon were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), carbon content of humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and humin (HUM), as well as for spectroscopic properties of bulk soil and isolated HUM. Compared to the control, all other treatments caused an increase in TOC, while the application of manure resulted in an increase in the amount of HUM. Legume application caused an increase in UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence emission. Thermochemolysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that HUM was enriched in carbohydrates in almost all pairs of soil and HUM. Compared to the CON, the largest proportion of carbohydrate in HUM was found in MAN + LEG. Different long-term soil management strategies not only altered TOC, but also, surprisingly, the chemical composition of HUM, which is considered to be particularly stable and a long-term sink of atmospheric carbon.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "long-term field experiment (LTFE)", "TC-GC/MS", "S", "UV-Vis", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOM", "01 natural sciences", "humin fraction", "6. Clean water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fluorescence", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/4/837/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040837"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy14040837", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy14040837", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy14040837"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/microorganisms11071721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:25:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-30", "title": "The Combined Applications of Microbial Inoculants and Organic Fertilizer Improve Plant Growth under Unfavorable Soil Conditions", "description": "The performance of two bio-inoculants either in single or in combined applications with organic fertilizer was tested to determine their effect on plant growth and yield under normal and unfavorable field conditions such as low pH value and low content of P. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF; three species of Glomus) and the plant-growth-promoting bacterial strain Kosakonia radicincitans DSM16656 were applied to barley in a two-year field experiment with different soil pH levels and available nutrients. Grain yield; contents of P, N, K, and Mg; and soil microbial parameters were measured. Grain yield and the content of nutrients were significantly increased by the applications of mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, AMF, and K. radicincitans, and the combined application of organic fertilizer with AMF and with K. radicincitans over the control under normal growth conditions. Under low-pH and low-P conditions, only the combined application of the organic fertilizer with K. radicincitans and organic fertilizer with AMF could increase the grain yield and content of nutrients of barley over the control.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Yield", "QH301-705.5", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil pH", "Article", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic fertilizer", "Microbial inoculants", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "Biology (General)", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial inoculants; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Kosakonia radicincitans; organic fertilizer; field experiment; soil conditions; soil pH; yield", "soil conditions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Field experiment", "field experiment", "13. Climate action", "Organic fertilizer", "Soil conditions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial inoculants"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1721/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071721"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/microorganisms11071721", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/microorganisms11071721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/microorganisms11071721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/molecules29215049", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:25:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-28", "title": "Changes in Soil Humin Macromolecular Structure Resulting from Long-Term Catch Cropping", "description": "The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term catch crop application on the structural properties of humin, which is considered the most recalcitrant fraction of soil organic matter. Soil samples from a 30-year field experiment on triticale cultivated with and without catch crops were analysed to determine the total organic carbon content and fractional composition of humic substances. Meanwhile, humin isolated from bulk soil was analysed to determine its elemental composition and spectroscopic properties measured with UV-Vis, fluorescence, and 13C-CPMAS-NMR. It was found that catch crop farming enhanced the formation of highly reactive humus substances, like low-molecular-weight fractions and humic acids, while decreasing the humin fraction. The higher H/C and O/C atomic ratios of humin and the UV-Vis, fluorescence, and 13C-CPMAS-NMR results confirmed a higher share of oxygen-containing functional groups in humin isolated from the soil with catch crop rotation, also corroborating its greater aliphatic nature. Under the conditions of our field experiment, the results indicated that organic residues from catch crops quickly undergo the decay process and are transformed mainly into highly reactive humus substances, which can potentially improve soil health, while mineral fertilisation alone without catch crops favours the stabilisation and sequestration of carbon.
", "keywords": ["long-term field experiment", "QD241-441", "humic substances", "Organic chemistry", "UV-Vis", "fluorescence", "EPR", "NMR", "Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jerzy Weber, El\u017cbieta Jamroz, Lilla Mielnik, Riccardo Spaccini, Andrzej Kocowicz, Irmina \u0106wiel\u0105g-Piasecka, Maria Jerzykiewicz, Danuta Parylak, Magdalena D\u0119bicka,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215049"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecules", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/molecules29215049", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/molecules29215049", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/molecules29215049"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000663192", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:25:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Vivianite formation and transformation processes in intertidal sediments and the influence of isomorphic substitution", "description": "unspecifiedPhosphor (P) ist ein wesentlicher N\u00e4hrstoff f\u00fcr die Prim\u00e4rproduktion in aqautischen \u00d6kosystemen, aber \u00fcberm\u00e4\u00dfiger P Eintrag kann zur Eutrophierung dieser \u00d6kosysteme f\u00fchren. Wie P in Sedimenten gebunden ist, wirkt sich auf dessen Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit aus. Unter reduzierenden, sulfid-freien Bedingungen kann das eisenhaltige Phosphatmineral Vivianit eine wesentliche Rolle bei der P-Bindung in K\u00fcstensedimenten spielen und somit die Wasserqualit\u00e4t positiv beeinflussen. Trotz der Bedeutung von Vivianit f\u00fcr die Regulierung der P-Verf\u00fcgbarkeit in K\u00fcstensedimenten sind die in-situ Bildung, Zusammensetzung und Stabilit\u00e4t von Vivianit nur unzureichend untersucht. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurden Feldexperimente mit einer Laborstudie kombiniert, um die Bildungs- und Umwandlungsprozesse von Vivianit in gezeitenbeeinflussten Sedimenten und den Einfluss der isomorphen Substitution auf diese Prozesse aufzudecken. Diese Erkenntnisse bieten wertvolle Einblicke in die Prozesse des P-Kreislaufs in K\u00fcstensedimenten und sind bedeutend f\u00fcr die Entwicklung industrieller Anwendungen, die darauf abzielen, den anthropogenen P-Kreislauf zu schlie\u00dfen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde eine Methode entwickelt, bei der isotopisch 57Fe-markiertes Ferrihydrit mit dem Sediment vermischt wurde, um die Vivianitbildung in-situ in gezeitenbeeinflussten Sedimenten zu verfolgen. Mit dieser Methode konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich Vivianit innerhalb von sieben Wochen in gezeitenbeeinflussten Sedimenten mit g\u00fcnstigen geochemischen Bedingungen bilden kann. Die Adsorption von Phosphat an Ferrihydrit war ein wesentlicher Vorl\u00e4ufer f\u00fcr die Bildung von Vivianit. Die reduktive Aufl\u00f6sung des Ferrihydrits bildete wahrscheinlich lokale Bedingen, welche n\u00f6tig waren, um die Vivianitbildung auszul\u00f6sen. W\u00e4hrend das gebildete Vivianit nur ein kleiner Teil des Eisen (Fe)-Pools war (bis zu 15%), machte es bis zu 72% des P-Pools aus basierend auf st\u00f6chiometrischen Berechnungen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Vivianit eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Regulierung der P-Retention in K\u00fcstensedimenten spielen kann. In der Umwelt enth\u00e4lt Vivianit h\u00e4ufig andere zweiwertige Kationen, wie Mangan (Mn) und Magnesium (Mg), die in der Kristallstruktur Fe ersetzen. Im zweiten Experiment wurde untersucht, ob Mn oder Mg bei unterschiedlichen Salzgehalten bevorzugt eingebaut wird und wie die isomorphe Substitution die Kristallstruktur und Morphologie ver\u00e4ndert. Die Synthese von neunzehn Vivianiten mit unterschiedlichen Mn- und/oder Mg-Konzentrationen bei verschiedenen Salzgehalten ergab, dass bei niedriger Ionenst\u00e4rke sowohl Mn als auch Mg Fe in der Kristallstruktur gleichwertig ersetzen k\u00f6nnen, wobei Mn bei h\u00f6herer Ionenst\u00e4rke bevorzugt wurde. Vivianit weist zwei unterschiedliche Fe-Atompositionen auf. Die Substitution von Fe durch Mn und/oder Mg fand vorzugsweise an der Atomposition statt, welche Elektronentransfer ausf\u00fchren kann, wodurch Vivianit gegen Oxidation stabilisiert wird. Somit kann sich die isomorphe Substitution wahrscheinlich direkt auf das Oxidationsverhalten von Vivianit auswirken. Au\u00dferdem f\u00fchrte die isomorphe Substitution zu kleineren, raueren Kristallen mit geringerer Kristallinit\u00e4t. Diese beobachteten Ver\u00e4nderungen k\u00f6nnten sich auf die Reaktivit\u00e4t von Vivianit in der Umwelt auswirken, weshalb die isomorphe Substitution bei der Untersuchung der Reaktivit\u00e4t von Vivianit ber\u00fccksichtigt werden sollte. Umweltver\u00e4nderungen, einschlie\u00dflich des Anstiegs des Meeresspiegels, k\u00f6nnten die Bildung von Sulfid in derzeit nicht sulfidischen Sedimenten, die Vivianit enthalten, verst\u00e4rken und zu thermodynamisch instabilen Bedingungen f\u00fcr Vivianit f\u00fchren. Das letzte Experiment untersuchte die in-situ Stabilit\u00e4t von unsubstituiertem und Mn-Mg-substituiertem Vivianit, gemischt mit Meeressand und mit oder ohne die Zugabe von Kalziumkarbonat. Die Mischungen wurden 56 Tage lang in zwei Gezeitenzonen inkubiert, von denen ein Standort eine niedrige und der andere eine hohe Sulfidkonzentration aufwies. Die Inkubation von unsubstituiertem und Mn-Mg-substituiertem Vivianit bei unterschiedlichen Sulfidkonzentrationen ergab eine teilweise Aufl\u00f6sung von Vivianit, die durch die isomorphe Substitution deutlich verst\u00e4rkt wurde. Der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Teil der verbleibenden Mineralphase wurde weiterhin als Vivianit charakterisiert, was darauf hindeutet, dass ein Teil des Vivianits \u00fcber die Versuchsdauer erhalten blieb. Bei niedrigen Sulfidkonzentrationen war Gr\u00fcner Rost das Hauptumwandlungsprodukt, das wahrscheinlich einen Teil des freigesetzten Phosphats adsorbierte. Bei hohem Sulfidgehalt dominierte die Bildung von Fe-Sulfidmineralen, welche aufgrund der geringen Sorptionskapazit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Phosphat zu einem erh\u00f6hten P-Verlust f\u00fchrte. Ein erh\u00f6htes Sorptionspotenzial f\u00fcr Phosphat durch die Zugabe von Kalziumkarbonat k\u00f6nnte den Phosphatverlust geringf\u00fcgig verringern. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vivianithaltige Sedimente als Quelle f\u00fcr bioverf\u00fcgbares Phosphat dienen k\u00f6nnen, wenn sich die geochemischen Bedingungen \u00e4ndern. Diese Arbeit liefert neue experimentelle Ans\u00e4tze zur Untersuchung und Quantifizierung von Umwandlungs- und Bildungsprozessen von Vivianit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine schnelle in-situ Bildungskinetik, w\u00e4hrend die Aufl\u00f6sung von Vivianit unter den untersuchten Bedingungen langsam verl\u00e4uft. Die schnelle in-situ Bildungskinetik deutet darauf hin, dass die Vivianitbildung die P-Retention in Umgebungen mit sowohl schwankenden als auch stabilen geochemischen Bedingungen regulieren kann. Die Ver\u00e4nderungen der Kristallstruktur und -morphologie durch isomorphe Substitution erh\u00f6hten das Ausma\u00df der Aufl\u00f6sung und Umwandlung des Vivianits. Aufgrund der langsamen in-situ Aufl\u00f6sung k\u00f6nnte Vivianit bei kurzfristigen Umweltst\u00f6rungen eine stabile P-Retentionsphase darstellen. Langfristig destabilisierende Bedingungen k\u00f6nnten jedoch zu einer vollst\u00e4ndigen Aufl\u00f6sung f\u00fchren und die P-Retentionskapazit\u00e4t des Sediments schw\u00e4chen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Vivianit als P-Retentionsphase in salzarmen K\u00fcstensedimenten, k\u00f6nnten aber auch f\u00fcr das Verst\u00e4ndnis von Bildungs- und Umwandlungsprozessen von Vivianit in anderen Umweltsystemen, wie limnischen Sedimenten und B\u00f6den in Feuchtgebieten, von Bedeutung sein. Dar\u00fcber hinaus haben diese Ergebnisse Auswirkungen auf andere Forschungsbereiche, wie die Gew\u00e4ssersanierung und die industrielle P-R\u00fcckgewinnung.", "keywords": ["iron biogeochemistry", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Phosphorus cycling", "Coastal biogeochemistry", "X-ray absorption spectroscopy", "Laboratory experiments", "VIVIANITE (MINERALOGY)", "Field experiments", "6. Clean water", "M\u00f6ssbauer Spectroscopy", "Earth sciences", "X-Ray Diffraction", "13. Climate action", "IRON PHOSPHATES (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)", "14. Life underwater", "iron minerals", "mineral transformation", "Redox geochemistry"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kubeneck, Luisa Jo\u00eblle", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000663192"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Thesis/Dissertation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000663192", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000663192", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000663192"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:25:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long-term field experiments.", "description": "AbstractSoil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.
", "keywords": ["Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Environmental aspects", "long-term field experiments", "Nematode communities", "Soil quality", "Long-term field experiments", "Tillage", "Soil", "Animals", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Amplicon sequencing", "organic matter addition", "2. Zero hunger", "nematode communities", "Food web indices", "amplicon sequencing", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "Europe", "tillage", "Organic matter addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "food web indices", "ORIGINAL ARTICLES", "Amplicon sequencing; Food web indices; Long-term field experiments; Nematode communities; Organic matter addition; Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000377318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecular%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000377318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:25:57Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-07-04", "title": "Data from: Litter quality controls tradeoffs in soil carbon decomposition and replenishment in a subtropical forest", "description": "Species-rich forests can produce litter of varying carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition (i.e., quality), which can affect decomposition and play a central role in long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. However, how differences in litter quality affect SOC decomposition and formation remains unclear over the full litter decomposition trajectory.\u00a0 We followed the in-situ complete decomposition of added 13C-labelled high- (low C:N) and low-quality (high C:N) leaf-litter and its effect on particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MAOM) organic matter fractions over two years in a natural subtropical forest. We found that during early stages of decomposition, low-quality litter inputs decreased SOC via a positive priming effect (i.e., new C inputs favored decomposition of native SOC), but these SOC losses were offset by SOC gains observed via a negative priming effect during decomposition of high-quality litter. In contrast, this pattern reversed during late stages of decomposition\u2014SOC losses via a positive priming effect induced by high-quality litter were offset by SOC gains via a negative priming effect induced by low-quality litter. Over the full decomposition of litter, both high- and low-quality litter stimulated microbial breakdown of SOC tied to POM, but also replenished more persistent SOC that associated with soil minerals (MAOM). Altogether, we observed that low-quality litter formed twice as much new SOC as high-quality litter (24% vs. 12% of added litter-C). We extend the notion of the priming effect\u00a0from primarily a negative role promoting losses of native SOC, to a functional role that can replenish persistent SOC. Synthesis. Our measurements raise the possibility that, in species-rich forests, high- and low-quality litter decomposition play opposite but dynamically complementary roles in renewing POM\u2014both by inducing its decomposition and formation\u2014while exclusively favoring MAOM formation, which can help explain how differences in litter quality favor SOC accumulation and persistence. Global change factors that shift plant community composition may ultimately affect the fate of soil C, as changes in litter quality may force soil transitions from sinks to sources or sources to sinks of atmospheric CO2.", "keywords": ["complementary effect", "species-rich forests", "13C-labelled tree litter", "isotope tracer field experiment", "15. Life on land", "Priming effect", "litter-quality", "FOS: Natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lyu, Maokui, Homyak, Peter, Xie, Jinsheng, Pe\u00f1uelas, Josep, Ryan, Michael, Xiong, Xiaoling, Sardans, Jordi, Lin, Weisheng, Wang, Minhuang, Chen, Guangshui, Yang, Yusheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrwj"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.q21d0b9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:26:07Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long-term field experiments", "description": "unspecifiedSoil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life-history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e. maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs high) on nematode communities and food web indices in ten European long-term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic matter addition", "nematode communities", "Anthropocene", "long-term field experiments", "15. Life on land", "food web indices.", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bongiorno, Giulia, Bodenhaused, Natacha, B\u00fcnemann, Else. K., Lijbert, Brussaard, Geisen, Stefan, M\u00e4der, Paul, Quist, Casper, Walser, Jean-Claude, de Goede, Ron,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q21d0b9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.q21d0b9", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.q21d0b9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.q21d0b9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:26:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-08", "title": "Liming effects on microbial carbon use efficiency and its potential consequences for soil organic carbon stocks", "description": "The allocation of metabolised carbon (C) between soil microbial growth and respiration, i.e. C use efficiency (CUE) is crucial for SOC dynamics. The pH was shown to be a major driver of microbial CUE in agricultural soils and therefore, management practices to control soil pH, such as liming, could serve as a tool to modify microbial physiology. We hypothesised that raising soil pH would alleviate CUE-limiting conditions and that liming could thus increase CUE, thereby supporting SOC accrual. This study investigated whether CUE can be manipulated by liming and how this might contribute to SOC stock changes. The effects of liming on CUE, microbial biomass C, abundance of microbial domains, SOC stocks and OC inputs were assessed for soils from three European long-term field experiments. Field control soils were additionally limed in the laboratory to assess immediate effects, accounting for lime-derived CO2 emissions (δ13C signature). The shift in soil pHH2O from 4.5 to 7.3 with long-term liming reduced CUE by 40%, whereas the shift from 5.5 to 8.6 and from 6.5 to 7.8 was associated with increases in CUE by 16% and 24%, respectively. The overall relationship between CUE and soil pH followed a U-shaped (i.e. quadratic) curve, implying that in agricultural soils CUE may be lowest at pHH2O = 6.4. The immediate CUE response to liming followed the same trends. Interestingly, liming increased microbial biomass C in all cases. Changes in CUE with long-term liming contributed to the net effect of liming on SOC stocks. Our study confirms the value of liming as a management practice for climate-smart agriculture, but demonstrates that it remains difficult to predict the impact on SOC stocks due its complex effects on the C cycle.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Isotopic labelling", "Organic C inputs", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural soil", "630", "Climate change mitigation", "03 medical and health sciences", "Long-term field experiment (LTE)", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Microbial soil carbon", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-105", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10036874", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:26:43Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Database to: Cover crops affect pool specific soil organic carbon in cropland \u2013 A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "Database to a meta-analysis studying the effects of cover crops on the mineral-associated organic carbon pool (MAOC), the particulate organic carbon pool (POC) and the microbial biomass carbon pool (MBC). Consists of:1. information on the database2. legend3. list of included studies, all extracted data necessary for response ratio calculation and moderator analysis, and additional information", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "MBC", "synthesis", "MAOC", "effect size", "EJPSOIL", "review", "SOC", "15. Life on land", "POC", "field experiments"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fohrafellner, Julia, Keiblinger, Katharina M., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Murugan, Rajasekaran, Spiegel, Heide, Valkama, Elena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10036874"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10036874", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10036874", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10036874"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10137003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:26:45Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Liming effects on microbial carbon use efficiency and its potential consequences for soil organic carbon stocks", "description": "This repository contains all necessary raw data as well as the R code used to conduct statistical analysis and create figures of the publication \u00a0 Liming effects on microbial carbon use efficiency and its potential consequences for soil organic carbon stocks Julia Schroeder1, Claudia D\u01cem\u01cet\u00eerc\u01ce2,6, Tobias B\u00f6lscher3, Claire Chenu3, Lars Elsgaard4, Christoph C. Tebbe5, Laura Skadell1, Christopher Poeplau1 1 Th\u00fcnen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany 2 University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco TO, Italy 3 Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 22 place de l'Agronomie, 91120 Palaiseau, France 4 Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark 5 Th\u00fcnen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany 6\u00a0current address: Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC) Foundation, Division on Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Via Igino Garbini 51, 01100 Viterbo, Italy DOI:\u00a0\u00a0 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109342 In this study, we set out to test the potential of liming as means to control the microbial carobn use efficiency (CUE). We assessed CUE using the 18O-labelling method for soils from three European long-term liming field trials (i.e. Jyndevad, Versailles, and D\u00fcrnast). Additionally, the immediate response of CUE to liming in the lab was tested accounting for lime-derived CO2 emission. The lime-induced pH shift was a strong determinant of CUE. However, the relationship between CUE and soil pH followed a U-shaped (i.e. quadratic) curve, suggesting that CUE may be lowest at near neutral soil pH and therefore to interfere with agronomic interests (i.e. high crop yield). To assess the potential contribution of CUE on the net liming effect on SOC stocks, we calculated OC inputs and SOC stocks. Liming had a positive effect on SOC stocks, regardless of the change in CUE. Our results suggest that CUE added to the net liming effect on SOC stocks.\u00a0 Statistical analyses and data visualisation were conducted in R v4.1.2 (2021-11-01) (R Core Team, 2020) using RStudio\u00a0v2022.12.0 (Posit team, 2022).\u00a0 The repository includes the following files: liming_sample_data_R.csv - 18O-CUE data and measured pH for DK, DA, VB and DL (n=43) site_info_R.csv - C, N, bulk density and pH data shared by co-authors for DK, DA and VB (n=32) yield_R.csv - yield data shared by co-authors for DK, DA and VB (n=236) CO2sources_R.csv - long-formatted data for CO2 source differentiation in the direct liming experiment (n=66) C_input_allocation_factors_R.csv - allocation factors to crop types (Jacobs et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-020-10087-5 ) \u00a0 Schroeder_et_al._liming_effect_on_CUE.Rproj - Rproject (load project to work on provided scripts and data) load_data.R - loads required data liming_on_soil_pH.R -\u00a0 statistical analysis liming effect on soil pH, creates output for Table 1 (additional figure effect liming on soil pH) liming_on_CUE.R - statistical analysis liming effect on CUE, creates output for Tables 2, S1 and S2 liming_on_CmicCorg.R - statistical analysis liming effect on Cmic/Corg (laboratory liming excluded), creates output for Table 3 liming_on_microbial_params.R - statistical analysis liming effect on Cmic, Cgrowth, Crespiration (all treatments), creates output for Tables S1 and S2 liming_on_abundances.R - statistical analysis liming effect on microbial abundances (fungi, bacteria, archaea), creates output for Tables S1 and S2 liming_on_K2SO4extrC.R - statistical analysis liming effect on K2SO4 extractable C as proxy for DOC, creates output for Table S3 and Figure S1 z-tranformation_best_fit.R - tests different models to find best fit of z-transformed data over pH calculation_C_stocks.R - test on treatment differences in bulk density, calculation of SOC stocks, creates output for Table S4 and Figure 7 calculation_C_input.R - calculation of C inputs based on yield_R.csv data and C_input_allocation_factors_R.csv, output Figure S3 and Table S5 calculation_SOC_formation_efficiency.R - calculation of SOC formation efficiency based on estimated marginal mean difference of C stocks and inputs, script requires calculation_C_stocks.R and calculation_C_inputs.R to be run beforehand plot_figures.R - plots Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6, and Figures S2 and S4 plot_Figure8_radar_chart.R - plots Figure 8 \u00a0 calculation_maximum_relative_error_respiration_rate_estimates.xlsx - Output data from Visual MINTEQ secnarios plus calculation for error estimation", "keywords": ["microbial soil carbon", "agricultural soil", "isotopic labelling", "long-term field experiment (LTE)", "organic C inputs", "climate change mitigation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Schroeder, Julia", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10137003"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10137003", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10137003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10137003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5960686", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:29:13Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "LTEP-Biochar", "description": "The dataset inventories and compares experiments regarding on field application of biochar for agronomic purposes and its environmental effects (e.g. carbon sequestration) over a significative timeframe. Remediation of polluted soils is not in scope. The field experiments shall take place under dynamically, meteorologically and biologically complex conditions. We are mapping activities across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (see the Highlights box here below). The LTEP project is an ICHAR initiative implemented and managed by the EMRG group of the University of Bologna.", "keywords": ["Biochar", "Soil Organic Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Long Term", "Biochar", " Soil Organic Carbon", " long term", " field experiment", "Field Experiment", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Diego Marazza, Daniele Tigrini, Carlotta Carlini, Nicolas Greggio, Simone Pesce, Enrico Balugani,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5960686"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5960686", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5960686", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5960686"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10707812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:26:50Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Database to: Cover crops affect pool specific soil organic carbon in cropland \u2013 A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "Database to a meta-analysis studying the effects of cover crops on the mineral-associated organic carbon pool (MAOC), the particulate organic carbon pool (POC) and the microbial biomass carbon pool (MBC). Consists of:1. information on the database2. legend3. list of included studies, all extracted data necessary for response ratio calculation and moderator analysis, and additional information", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "MBC", "synthesis", "MAOC", "effect size", "EJPSOIL", "review", "SOC", "15. Life on land", "POC", "field experiments"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10707812"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10707812", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10707812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10707812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10907111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:27:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-13", "title": "Database to: Effectiveness of soil management strategies for mitigation of N2O emissions in European arable land: A meta-analysis", "description": "Database to a meta-analysis studing the effects of adding different organic matter inputs (crop residues, green manure, livestock manure, slurry, digestate, compost or biochar) to soils on N2O emissions. Database consists of over 50 field experiments conducted in 15 European countries. Diverse arable crops, mainly cereals, were cultivated in monoculture or in crop rotations on mineral soils. \u00a0Cumulative N2O emissions per unit land area were monitored during periods of 30 to 1,070 days in treatments, which received organic matter inputs, alone or in combination with mineral N fertiliser; and in controls fertilised with mineral N. The original results appeared in 46 articles published between 1993 and 2022 in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as well as a project report, and a PhD thesis.", "keywords": ["meta-analysis", "nitous oxide", "EJPSOIL", "effect size", "N2O", "organic matter inputs", "pedoclimatic characteristics", "field experiments"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10907111"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10907111", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10907111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10907111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10907112", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:27:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-13", "title": "Database to: Effectiveness of soil management strategies for mitigation of N2O emissions in European arable land: A meta-analysis", "description": "Database to a meta-analysis studing the effects of adding different organic matter inputs (crop residues, green manure, livestock manure, slurry, digestate, compost or biochar) to soils on N2O emissions. Database consists of over 50 field experiments conducted in 15 European countries. Diverse arable crops, mainly cereals, were cultivated in monoculture or in crop rotations on mineral soils. \u00a0Cumulative N2O emissions per unit land area were monitored during periods of 30 to 1,070 days in treatments, which received organic matter inputs, alone or in combination with mineral N fertiliser; and in controls fertilised with mineral N. The original results appeared in 46 articles published between 1993 and 2022 in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as well as a project report, and a PhD thesis.", "keywords": ["meta-analysis", "nitous oxide", "EJPSOIL", "effect size", "N2O", "organic matter inputs", "pedoclimatic characteristics", "field experiments"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10907112"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10907112", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10907112", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10907112"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/377318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:32:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long\u2010term field experiments", "description": "AbstractSoil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality. This paper assesses the effect of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term contrasting tillage practices on topsoil structural characteristics critical for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and carbon sequestration across a pedoclimatic gradient. The hypotheses tested are that: (i) aeration is greater in the topsoil of ploughed (to 0.20\uffe2\uff80\uff930.30\uffe2\uff80\uff89m depth) than in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soils and (ii) the effect of tillage practice on soil functionality depends on the context, and thus varies between sites with different pedoclimatic conditions. We evaluated the topsoil characteristics of seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage experiments, spread along a 2600\uffe2\uff80\uff90km transect in Europe. A total of 576 soil cores (100\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm 3 ) were sampled from 0 to 0.10 and 0.10 to 0.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89m depths in mouldboard\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage treatments after harvest. The soil water content at \uffe2\uff88\uff9230, \uffe2\uff88\uff9260, and \uffe2\uff88\uff92100\uffe2\uff80\uff89hPa matric potential was measured as well as air permeability ( k a ) and relative gas diffusivity ( D s /D o ) at \uffe2\uff88\uff92100\uffe2\uff80\uff89hPa, from which soil bulk and gas transport characteristics were derived. Despite large variations in the characteristics among sites, tillage did significantly affect the characteristics across sites. The degree of compactness was less\uffc2\uffa0and total pore volume was greater\uffc2\uffa0in the ploughed than in the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till treatments. Still, thresholds indicating suitable conditions for root growth were largely met under both practices. The ploughed soils showed vertical stratification, with a better aeration of the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.10\uffe2\uff80\uff89m soil layer compared to the 0.10\uffe2\uff80\uff930.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89m layer. No differences were observed between the ploughed 0.10\uffe2\uff80\uff930.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89m and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till layers, which were attributed to soil settlement after ploughing. While the D s /D o at 0.10\uffe2\uff80\uff930.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89m depth was favourable for promoting N 2 O emissions, the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore space was below suggested thresholds. Impacts of tillage on soil structural and functional characteristics were both significant and generalisable but also deviated locally. For example, D s /D o and k a generally increased with the air\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore volume ( \uffce\uffb5 a ), yet sites with greater \uffce\uffb5 a did not necessarily have higher D s /D o and k a . Existing models explaining D s /D o and k a with \uffce\uffb5 a were fitted to the measured data and performed best when both depths and tillage practices were assessed altogether. Despite the limited differences at \uffe2\uff88\uff92100\uffe2\uff80\uff89hPa, anoxic conditions may in reality prevail for a longer period under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than ploughing. The performance of two bio-inoculants either in single or in combined applications with organic fertilizer was tested to determine their effect on plant growth and yield under normal and unfavorable field conditions such as low pH value and low content of P. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF; three species of Glomus) and the plant-growth-promoting bacterial strain Kosakonia radicincitans DSM16656 were applied to barley in a two-year field experiment with different soil pH levels and available nutrients. Grain yield; contents of P, N, K, and Mg; and soil microbial parameters were measured. Grain yield and the content of nutrients were significantly increased by the applications of mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, AMF, and K. radicincitans, and the combined application of organic fertilizer with AMF and with K. radicincitans over the control under normal growth conditions. Under low-pH and low-P conditions, only the combined application of the organic fertilizer with K. radicincitans and organic fertilizer with AMF could increase the grain yield and content of nutrients of barley over the control.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Yield", "QH301-705.5", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Soil pH", "Article", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic fertilizer", "Microbial inoculants", "Kosakonia radicincitans", "Biology (General)", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial inoculants; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Kosakonia radicincitans; organic fertilizer; field experiment; soil conditions; soil pH; yield", "soil conditions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Field experiment", "field experiment", "13. Climate action", "Organic fertilizer", "Soil conditions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial inoculants"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1721/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1721/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10481/84643"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10481/84643", "name": "item", "description": "10481/84643", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10481/84643"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11250/3039583", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-25T16:31:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-25", "title": "Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Sustainable and Profitable Farming in Europe", "description": "Soils form the basis for agricultural production and other ecosystem services, and soil management should aim at improving their quality and resilience. Within the SoilCare project, the concept of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) was developed as a holistic approach to facilitate the adoption of soil management that is sustainable and profitable. SICS selected with stakeholders were monitored and evaluated for environmental, sociocultural, and economic effects to determine profitability and sustainability. Monitoring results were upscaled to European level using modelling and Europe-wide data, and a mapping tool was developed to assist in selection of appropriate SICS across Europe. Furthermore, biophysical, sociocultural, economic, and policy reasons for (non)adoption were studied. Results at the plot/farm scale showed a small positive impact of SICS on environment and soil, no effect on sustainability, and small negative impacts on economic and sociocultural dimensions. Modelling showed that different SICS had different impacts across Europe\u2014indicating the importance of understanding local dynamics in Europe-wide assessments. Work on adoption of SICS confirmed the role economic considerations play in the uptake of SICS, but also highlighted social factors such as trust. The project\u2019s results underlined the need for policies that support and enable a transition to more sustainable agricultural practices in a coherent way.
", "keywords": ["S1", "AGRICULTURE", "ADOPTION", "Environmental Studies", "YIELD GAPS", "Soil Science", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "crop management", "sustainable soil management", "3301 Architecture", "S589.75_Agriculture", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil quality; sustainable soil management; adoption; crop management; environmental dimension; sociocultural dimension; economic dimension", "4104 Environmental management", "11. Sustainability", "MANAGEMENT", "Life Science", "QUALITY", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "soil quality", "910 Geography & travel", "Agricultural Science", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "adoption", "550 Earth sciences & geology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "environmental dimension", "S", "ECOLOGICAL INTENSIFICATION", "economic dimension", "3304 Urban and regional planning", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use", "sociocultural dimension", "TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS", "13. Climate action", "NO-TILLAGE", "GRAIN PRODUCTION", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/11159/1/11159%20Webb%2C%20et%20al%20%282022%29%20Soil-improving%20cropping%20systems%20for%20sustainable%20and%20profitable%20farming%20in%20Europe.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/6/780/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/28669/1/hessel-r-et-al-220808.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/170337/1/land-11-00780-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462064/1/land-11-00780.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/6/780/pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=282070/A8C9E72D-16C8-421E-A19E-B021CC82D589.pdf&pub_id=282070"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11250/3039583"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11250/3039583", "name": "item", "description": "11250/3039583", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11250/3039583"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2807448259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:33:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-31", "title": "Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China", "description": "Open AccessIn this paper we present effects of four paired agricultural management practices (organic matter (OM) addition versus no organic matter input, no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage, crop rotation versus monoculture, and organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture) on five key soil quality indicators, i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH, aggregate stability, earthworms (numbers) and crop yield. We have considered organic matter addition, no-tillage, crop rotation and organic agriculture as 'promising practices'; no organic matter input, conventional tillage, monoculture and conventional farming were taken as the respective references or 'standard practice' (baseline). Relative effects were analysed through indicator response ratio (RR) under each paired practice. For this we considered data of 30 long-term experiments collected from 13 case study sites in Europe and China as collated in the framework of the EU-China funded iSQAPER project. These were complemented with data from 42 long-term experiments across China and 402 observations of long-term trials published in the literature. Out of these, we only considered experiments covering at least five years. The results show that OM addition favourably affected all the indicators under consideration. The most favourable effect was reported on earthworm numbers, followed by yield, SOM content and soil aggregate stability. For pH, effects depended on soil type; OM input favourably affected the pH of acidic soils, whereas no clear trend was observed under NT. NT generally led to increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content in upper soil horizons. However, the magnitude of the relative effects varied, e.g. with soil texture. No-tillage practices enhanced earthworm populations, but not where herbicides or pesticides were applied to combat weeds and pests. Overall, in this review, yield slightly decreased under NT. Crop rotation had a positive effect on SOM content and yield; rotation with ley very positively influenced earthworms' numbers. Overall, crop rotation had little impact on soil pH and aggregate stability \u2212 depending on the type of intercrop; alternatively, rotation of arable crops only resulted in adverse effects. A clear positive trend was observed for earthworm abundance under organic agriculture. Further, organic agriculture generally resulted in increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content. Overall, no clear trend was found for pH; a decrease in yield was observed under organic agriculture in this review.", "keywords": ["Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Crop", "01 natural sciences", "Long-term field experiments", "Crop Productivity", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil quality indicators", "Crop rotation", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "FOS: Mathematics", "Agricultural management practices", "Monoculture", "Crop Yield Stability", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Literature review", "Response ratio", "Soil science", "2. 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This work aimed at synthesizing results regarding the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical properties as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil properties, selected through a published literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions [hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon and particulate organic matter carbon], soil disease suppressiveness measured using a Pythium-Lepidium bioassay, nematode communities characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling measured with MicroRespTM. Prior studies tested the sensitivity of each of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in ten European long-term field experiments (LTEs) and assessed their relationships with pre-existing soil quality indicators of soil functioning. Here, the results of these previous studies are brought together and interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessment. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition played a weaker role in enhancing soil quality, possibly due to the range of composition of the organic matter inputs used in the LTEs. POXC was the indicator that discriminated best between soil management practices, followed by nematode indices based on functional characteristics. Structural equation modeling shows that POXC has a central role in nutrient retention/supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes. Their feasibility of application is discussed and needs for future research are outlined.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "labile carbon|long-term field experiments|organic matter addition|soil biological indicators|tillage", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Long-term field experiments", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. 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