Increasing atmospheric CO2 stimulates photosynthesis which can increase net primary production (NPP), but at longer timescales may not necessarily increase plant biomass. Here we analyse the four decade-long CO2-enrichment experiments in woody ecosystems that measured total NPP and biomass. CO2 enrichment increased biomass increment by 1.05\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.26\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 over a full decade, a 29.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8911.7% stimulation of biomass gain in these early-secondary-succession temperate ecosystems. This response is predictable by combining the CO2 response of NPP (0.16\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.03\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff89y\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and the CO2-independent, linear slope between biomass increment and cumulative NPP (0.55\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.17). An ensemble of terrestrial ecosystem models fail to predict both terms correctly. Allocation to wood was a driver of across-site, and across-model, response variability and together with CO2-independence of biomass retention highlights the value of understanding drivers of wood allocation under ambient conditions to\uffc2\uffa0correctly interpret\uffc2\uffa0and predict CO2 responses.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "TREE MORTALITY", "550", "Climate", "Plant Biology", "Biochemistry", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "ddc:550", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "Ecology", "Q", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Forestry", "Biological Sciences", "woody", "decadal biomass", "Wood", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "GROWTH", "ecosystems", "CARBON ALLOCATION", "570", "Science", "Biophysics", "333", "SWEETGUM PLANTATION", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "forest ecology", "plant biomass", "Biochemistry", " Biophysics", " and Structural Biology", "Ecosystem", "photosynthesis", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "NITROGEN", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "and Structural Biology", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "ELEVATED CO2", "SOIL CARBON", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08348-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/context/scschbioart/article/1214/viewcontent/nature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5m5806sh/qt5m5806sh.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08348-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-08348-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-08348-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-08348-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01692.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-10", "title": "Forest Productivity Under Elevated Co2 And O3: Positive Feedbacks To Soil N Cycling Sustain Decade-Long Net Primary Productivity Enhancement By Co2", "description": "The accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere, and hence the rate of climate warming, is sensitive to stimulation of plant growth by higher concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Here, we synthesise data from a field experiment in which three developing northern forest communities have been exposed to factorial combinations of elevated CO2 and O3. Enhanced net primary productivity (NPP) (c. 26% increase) under elevated CO2 was sustained by greater root exploration of soil for growth-limiting N, as well as more rapid rates of litter decomposition and microbial N release during decay. Despite initial declines in forest productivity under elevated O3, compensatory growth of O3-tolerant individuals resulted in equivalent NPP under ambient and elevated O3. After a decade, NPP has remained enhanced under elevated CO2 and has recovered under elevated O3 by mechanisms that remain un-calibrated or not considered in coupled climate-biogeochemical models simulating interactions between the global C cycle and climate warming.", "keywords": ["Forest Productivity", "0106 biological sciences", "N\u2010Cycle Feedbacks", "Elevated CO 2", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Elevated O 3", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global C Cycle"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01692.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01692.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01692.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01692.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-30", "title": "Cumulative Response Of Ecosystem Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks To Chronic Co2exposure In A Subtropical Oak Woodland", "description": "Summary
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) could alter the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems, yet the magnitude of these effects are not well known. We examined C and N budgets of a subtropical woodland after 11\uffc2\uffa0yr of exposure to elevated CO2.
We used open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers to manipulate CO2 during regrowth after fire, and measured C, N and tracer 15N in ecosystem components throughout the experiment.
Elevated CO2 increased plant C and tended to increase plant N but did not significantly increase whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90system C or N. Elevated CO2 increased soil microbial activity and labile soil C, but more slowly cycling soil C pools tended to decline. Recovery of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term 15N tracer indicated that CO2 exposure increased N losses and altered N distribution, with no effect on N inputs.
Increased plant C accrual was accompanied by higher soil microbial activity and increased C losses from soil, yielding no statistically detectable effect of elevated CO2 on net ecosystem C uptake. These findings challenge the treatment of terrestrial ecosystems responses to elevated CO2 in current biogeochemical models, where the effect of elevated CO2 on ecosystem C balance is described as enhanced photosynthesis and plant growth with decomposition as a first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order response.
", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Long term experiment", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Florida scrub oak", "Scrub oak", "Research", "Plant Sciences", "Aboveground biomass", "Plant Biology", "Microbial communities", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Cycling", "15. Life on land", "Forest productivity", "Soil carbon", "Rhizosphere processes", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "Dioxide enrichment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Climate feedbacks", "Global change", "Subtropical woodland", "Nitrogen cycling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1264/viewcontent/Day2013CumulativeResponseofEcosystemCarbonandNitrogenOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12333", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "Fire, Hurricane And Carbon Dioxide: Effects On Net Primary Production Of A Subtropical Woodland", "description": "Summary
Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change.
Scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcl\uffc2\uffa0l\uffe2\uff88\uff921) using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment.
The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2\uffc2\uffa0yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems.
These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY", "Scrub oak ecosystem", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quercus", "Soil", "nitrogen cycling", "oak woodland", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Global environmental change", "Biomass", "ROOT BIOMASS", "disturbance", "Florida scrub", "elevated CO2", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Plant Stems", "Cyclonic Storms", "Aboveground biomass", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Hurricane", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "LONG-TERM EXPOSURE", "Net primary productivity", "Long term exposure", "Florida", "Elevated CO2", "fire", "FLORIDA SCRUB", "ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS", "Nitrogen cycling", "TERRESTRIAL", "Oak woodland", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Elevated CO 2", "Nitrogen", "hurricane", "Forest productivity", "Fires", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM", "Net primary productivity (NPP)", "Ecosystem", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Atmosphere", "net primary productivity (NPP)", "Root biomass", "Plant Sciences", "global environmental change", "Disturbance", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1266/viewcontent/Day2013FireHurricaneandCarbonDioxideOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6d9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-12-20", "title": "Data from: Do Tasmanian devil declines impact ecosystem function?", "description": "unspecifiedTasmanian eucalypt forests are among the most carbon-dense in the world, but projected changes in climate could destabilize this critical carbon sink. While the impact of abiotic factors on forest ecosystem carbon dynamics have received considerable attention, biotic factors, such as the input of animal scat, are less understood. Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)\u2014an osteophageous scavenger that can ingest and solubilize nutrients locked in bone material\u2014may subsidize plant and microbial productivity by concentrating bioavailable nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) in scat latrines. Dramatic declines in devil population densities are driven by the spread of a transmissible cancer and may have underappreciated consequences for soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and forest productivity by altering nutrient cycling. Here, we fuse experimental data and modeling to quantify and predict future changes to forest productivity and SOC under various climate and scat-quality futures. We find that devil scat significantly increases concentrations of nitrogen, ammonium, phosphorus, and phosphate in the soil, and shifts soil microbial communities towards those dominated by r-selected (e.g., fast-growing) phyla. Further, under simulated increases in temperature and precipitation, devil scat inputs are projected to increase above- and belowground net primary productivity and microbial biomass carbon through 2100. In contrast, when devil scat is replaced by lower-quality scat (e.g., from non-osteophageous scavengers and herbivores), forest carbon pools either increase more slowly or decline. Together, our results suggest biotic factors will interact with climate change to drive current and future carbon pool dynamics in Tasmanian forests.", "keywords": ["forest productivity", "Tasmanian devils", "soil microbiome", "Climate change", "nutrient cycling", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "scat inputs", "Soil carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephenson, Torrey", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6d9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6d9", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6d9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6d9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.1294607", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:20Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil, climatic, physiographic and stand data in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis plantations in Spain", "description": "Open AccessWhen using this data, please cite the original publications that generated the dataset: Bueis T, Bravo F, Pando V, Turri\u00f3n M B (2016) Relationship between environmental parameters and Pinus sylvestris L. site index in forest plantations in northern Spain acidic plateau. iForest, 9: 394-401. DOI: 10.3832/ifor1600-008 Bueis T, Bravo F, Pando V, Turri\u00f3n M B (2017) Site factors as predictors for Pinus halepensis Mill. productivity in Spanish plantations. Annals of Forest Science, 74: 6. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-016-0609-7 Bueis T, Turri\u00f3n M B, Bravo F, Pando V, Muscolo A (2018) Factors determining enzyme activities in soils under Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in Spain: a contribution to sustainable forest management. Annals of Forest Science, 75: 34. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-018-0720-z", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aleppo pine", "forest productivity", "site parameters", "Scots pine", "15. Life on land", "Mediterranean", "site index", "soil biochemistry", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": ", Bueis, , Bravo, , Pando, , Muscolo, , Turri\u00f3n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1294607"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.1294607", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.1294607", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.1294607"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+productivity&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+productivity&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+productivity&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+productivity&offset=6", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6, "numberReturned": 6, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T04:00:38.692719Z"}