{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-01", "description": "<p>Organic farming practices are regarded as being beneficial for the environment by promoting soil quality and sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC). We studied SOC dynamics in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiment DOK in Switzerland. The experiment compares three organically fertilized treatments under conventional (CONFYM), bioorganic (BIOORG), and biodynamic (BIODYN) management, and two systems with (CONMIN) or without (NOFERT) mineral fertilizer. We analyzed measured SOC time series from 1977 to 2004 and applied soil fractionation, radiocarbon dating, and modeling with the carbon model RothC. The SOC declined significantly in most parcels, but was not systematically different between systems. Initial SOC contents correlated with soil texture and were identified as being important with respect to the change rate. The SOC loss was at the expense of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated carbon whereas the more labile fractions increased. The overall decline was explained by reduced carbon inputs since commencement of the experiment and was most pronounced in NOFERT and CONMIN. The model satisfactorily simulated the dynamics of most of the treatments for both initialization with equilibrium runs or measured SOC fractions. Carbon loss in CONFYM was not fully captured by the model. Composition of organic fertilizers depended on the particular management, and a model adjustment of their relative stability improved the match between model and measurements. Model runs without management effects indicated that the observed increase in temperatures at the experimental site does not induce a change in SOC. Overall, the study does not support a benefit of organic farming on SOC contents compared with conventional systems with manure.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0002", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2008.0067x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-09", "title": "Corn Response To Conventional And Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers Across A Claypan Landscape", "description": "<p>Improvement of N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE) is necessary to reduce excess N entering the environment and to increase economic returns. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field trial was established in 2005 in Northeast Missouri to determine the effects of conventional and slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90release N fertilizer sources and landscape position (summit, sideslope, and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying) on crop growth and NRE in corn (Zea mays L.) in a claypan soil. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments at 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 consisted of pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant applied and incorporated polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PCU), urea, 50% PCU/50% urea mix by weight, anhydrous ammonia (AA), and a nontreated control. Gravimetric soil water content data in 2005 and 2006 indicated that the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying position was often wetter than the summit and sideslope positions. Anhydrous ammonia and PCU treatments increased grain yield 1470 to 1810 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over urea in the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying position in 2005 and 2006. Corresponding increases in plant N uptake and NRE were observed in the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying position in 2005 with use of PCU and AA compared to urea, but not in 2006. Based on the grain yield results in this research and different fertilizer cost and crop prices, gross profit differences for use of PCU and preplant\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied AA compared with urea in the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying position could range from $50 to $642 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. These results demonstrate that targeted use of different N fertilizer sources in claypan landscapes may increase grain yields and profitability.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Newell R. Kitchen, Peter P. Motavalli, A. J. Noellsch, Kelly A. Nelson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0067x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2008.0067x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2008.0067x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2008.0067x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1594", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "<p>Eighteen years after the establishment of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, ecosystem C content had approximately tripled (from 54 to 161 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) primarily because of increases in tree biomass. Ninety\uffe2\uff80\uff90three percent of the net ecosystem C accumulated in biomass (100 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 6% of net ecosystem C accumulated in the forest floor (13 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). No statistically significant changes in soil C were found. Growth responses to fertilization noted in Year 4 were no longer statistically significant in Year 18. Nitrogen accumulation in aboveground biomass and forest floor were approximately equal (averaging approximately 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 each) and could have come from a combination of atmospheric deposition, soil N mineralization, and, in the treated plots, fertilizer input. No statistically significant changes in soil N content were found. The results of this study are similar to those from a previous study in a loblolly pine plantation in South Carolina but contrast with those in nearby deciduous forests where substantial changes in soil C and N over similar time periods have been noted.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Virginia R. Tolbert, Donald E. Todd, Dale W. Johnson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1594"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1594", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1594", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2003.1594"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2008.0142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-09", "title": "Dairy Cattle Manure Improves Soil Productivity In Low Residue Rotation Systems", "description": "<p>Mineral fertilizer alone may not sustain soil productivity in cropping systems that return little crop residues to the soil, unless additional organic residues and/or manure is applied regularly to the soil. The objective of the present study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of mineral fertilization (No fertilizer, PK, and NPK) and manure addition (0 and 20 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in a cereal rotation with removal of crop residues. After 28 yr, soil organic carbon (SOC) declined by \uffe2\uff88\uff920.25 g C kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and total nitrogen (TN) by \uffe2\uff88\uff920.025 g N kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921with balanced mineral fertilization (NPK, no manure), comparable to the control (no manure, no fertilizer). In addition, mean weight diameter (MWD) of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates was lower with balanced mineral fertilization than in the control. In contrast, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of manure significantly increased water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable macroaggregates, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), and soil preseeding NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N levels. Corn yield and N uptake were increased by mineral fertilization compared to the control, and manure application increased corn yield by 89 and 87% and corn N uptake by 110 and 79% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Increased corn yield in manured plots was attributed to the residual manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived nutrients and to improved soil properties. Mineral fertilizer alone could not sustain soil productivity in intensive low\uffe2\uff80\uff90residues cropping systems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Judith Nyiraneza, Marc R. Laverdi\u00e8re, Martin H. Chantigny, Adrien N'Dayegamiye,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2008.0142", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2008.0142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2008.0142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2008.0170", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-11", "title": "Continuous Corn Response To Residue Management And Nitrogen Fertilization", "description": "<p>Harvesting corn (Zea maysL.) residue in continuous corn (CC) may require changes in crop management for increased efficiency. Experiments were conducted in Illinois to determine how residue removal and tillage affect surface residue after planting and the response of CC to N fertilization. Partial removal of residue left 21 to 26% surface residue coverage with a chisel plow system, compared with 53 to 65% with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till. Across 2 yr with 92 to 128 mm rainfall during June and July, grain yield only responded to N fertilization with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till. When compared with full removal of residue in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, no removal increased the economically optimum N fertilizer rate (EONR) by 58% and yield at the EONR from 8.6 to 10.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Across five environments with 201 to 264 mm rainfall during June and July, yields with full removal of residue were 13.1 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and 13.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921with tillage. With partial and no residue removal, yields were 5 and 12% greater with the chisel plow than with the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system, respectively. Across tillage systems in these environments, retaining all residue increased the EONR by 13% and decreased yield at the EONR by 4% when compared to full or partial removal of residue. On productive soils with adequate rainfall, removal of residue has the potential to raise yields and to lower N fertilizer requirements in the short term. This advantage, however, needs to be balanced against the need to retain adequate soil cover to maintain soil productivity.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0170"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2008.0170", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2008.0170", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2008.0170"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2008.0191", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-04", "description": "<p>Due to a lack of surface residue and organic matter inputs, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) silage production is one of the most demanding cropping systems imposed on our soil resources. In this study, our objective was to determine if using cover/companion crops and/or applying low\uffe2\uff80\uff90solids liquid dairy manure could improve physical, chemical, and biological soil properties and overall soil quality. Corn was grown for 4 yr on a Bertrand silt loam in rotation with a living mulch of kura clover (KC, Trifolium ambiguum L.) or June\uffe2\uff80\uff90interseeded red clover (Trifolium pratese L.), and continuously with June\uffe2\uff80\uff90interseeded Italian ryegrass (IR, Lolium multiflorum L.), September\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.), or no cover crop. Extractable P and K, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), active C, water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates, bulk density, penetrometer resistance, and microbial biomass/diversity were measured, and the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) soil quality index (SQI) was determined. Cover/companion crop treatments generally had more large macroaggregates, greater aggregate mean\uffe2\uff80\uff90weight diameter, and larger quantities of total microbial biomass and most lipid/microbial groups than no\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover treatments. Manure and starter fertilizer additions resulted in significant cover/companion crop treatment effects on extractable P and K. Liquid dairy manure alone did not improve any soil quality indicators. Although soil quality benefits of cover crops and manure are typically attributed to additions of organic C, we found no significant treatment effects on SOM content. However, the active, or labile, C fraction, was significantly increased by cover crops and showed good relationships with aggregate stability and microbial biomass. Overall, use of cover/companion crops appears beneficial for corn silage systems, but it may take more than 4 yr for some soil quality indicators to fully respond.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John H. Grabber, Debra E. Palmquist, D. L. Karlen, William E. Jokela, Teri C. Balser,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0191"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2008.0191", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2008.0191", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2008.0191"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2008.0188x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-01", "description": "<p>Organic resources (ORs) are important nutrient inputs in tropical agriculture. Combined with mineral fertilizers, they form the backbone of integrated soil fertility management. This study was conducted to determine the medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term influence of OR quality and quantity on maize productivity and to evaluate the occurrence of additive benefits in terms of extra grain yield produced by the combined application of ORs and N fertilizers. Farmyard manure, high quality Mexican sunflower [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray], intermediate quality calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.) and maize (Zea mays L.), and low quality silky\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br.) sawdust were incorporated into the soil at equivalent rates of 1.2 and 4 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in Embu (clayey) and Machanga (sandy soil), together with a control to which no OR was added. All plots were split, with one half receiving 120 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 season\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as CaNH4NO3. The ORs, except sawdust and maize, improved maize grain yields compared with the control at both sites. Greatest mean maize yields (i.e., 4.9 and 2.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 season\uffe2\uff88\uff921, in Embu and Machanga, respectively) over 10 seasons were observed with the high rate of Mexican sunflower, but was not significantly different from calliandra and manure. Generally, maize yields were greater with higher than lower OR rates, except for maize and sawdust. Although N fertilizer additions to the ORs improved grain yields in Embu, the increase was marginal; resulting in negative interactive effects of applying ORs with N fertilizers, especially with high\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ORs. Thus high\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ORs should not be applied in combination with N fertilizers, especially at such high fertilizer N rates.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "abonos nitrogenados", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "maize", "630", "ma\u00edz", "soil exhaustion", "nitrogen fertilizers", "cultivos tropicales", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agotamiento del suelo", "estiercol", "farmyard manure", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "tropical crops"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0188x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2008.0188x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2008.0188x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2008.0188x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2008.0201", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-09", "title": "Effect Of Polymer Coated Urea, Irrigation, And Drainage On Nitrogen Utilization And Yield Of Corn In A Claypan Soil", "description": "<p>Slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90release N fertilizers, such as polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PCU), may increase crop N use and reduce NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching. Research was conducted to evaluate NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations of soil water samples in noncoated urea (NCU) and PCU treated plots under different water management systems, and to determine differences in crop yields and N utilization among water and urea management systems. Water management treatments included: no irrigation or drainage (NIN), no irrigation and drainage with subsurface drain tiles 6.1 m apart (NID), subirrigation and drainage with tiles 6.1 m apart (SUB), and overhead irrigation with no drainage (OND), which were split into preplant\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied NCU or PCU at 0, 140, and 280 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Water samples from suction lysimeters at a 45\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in soil treated with PCU had 51 to 63% lower NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentration than NCU 59 d after application (DAA), while NCU had 85 to 92% lower N concentration than PCU 153 DAA. In 2005, N uptake was ranked OND &gt; SUB \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 NID = NIN for PCU and NCU treatments. Grain yield for water management systems was ranked NID = SUB \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 OND \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 NIN in 2004 and OND &gt; SUB &gt; NID \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 NIN in 2005. No grain or silage yield differences between PCU and NCU treatments when applied at similar rates were observed in either year. This study showed no increase in N uptake by the crop with PCU compared with NCU; however, PCU reduced subsoil NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentration early in the season, which may reduce NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peter P. Motavalli, Kelly A. Nelson, Sara M. Paniagua,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0201"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2008.0201", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2008.0201", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2008.0201"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-31", "description": "<p>Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, raising concerns that agricultural practices may deplete reserves. Organic farming with low P inputs can result in deficient levels of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available phosphorus (available\uffe2\uff80\uff90P). The purpose of this study was to determine if common organically managed rotations are depleting P reserves or if large reserves still exist in unavailable forms. The research was performed in the 13th year of the Glenlea Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term Crop Rotation and Management study in southern Manitoba. The site has three 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotations under Organic and Conventional management: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90alfalfa\uffe2\uff80\uff90flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) (forage grain) with and without manure compost, and spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90field pea (Pisum sativum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90flax (grain only), as well as a restored prairie grass planting (Prairie). Conventional treatments received synthetic fertilizers and herbicides whereas the Organic received no inputs other than a one\uffe2\uff80\uff90time application of manure compost. The modified Hedley sequential P extraction procedure revealed organic management to have lower concentrations of readily available P than conventional but recalcitrant forms were similar between systems. The Prairie had P concentrations similar to conventional in all forms. Estimated cumulative P balance indicated that organic grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations compared to conventional had low P removal resulting in slightly lower concentration of available\uffe2\uff80\uff90P forms. The high yielding and P removal rotation of forage\uffe2\uff80\uff90grain decreased available\uffe2\uff80\uff90P forms to below an agronomic response threshold. Only high yielding, high P export organic rotations are a concern for developing P deficiency depending on initial reserves and the length of time without additional inputs.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0043", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-05", "title": "Effect Of Peanut Hull And Pine Chip Biochar On Soil Nutrients, Corn Nutrient Status, And Yield", "description": "<p>Pyrolysis is the anaerobic thermal conversion of biomass for energy production. It offers an option of returning carbon and nutrients to the soil while producing energy. The Ultisols in the southeastern United States have inherently low soil organic carbon and fertility, and may benefit from the addition of biochar from pyrolysis. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochars on soil nutrients, corn (Zea mays L.) nutrient status and yield in a Kandiudult for two growing seasons (2006 and 2007). Experiments for each biochar source were conducted as completely randomized designs with the biochar applied at 0, 11, and 22 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 with and without N fertilizer. Nitrogen in the peanut hull biochar (209 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at 11 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate) was not available during the study based on corn tissue concentrations. The peanut hull biochar linearly increased Mehlich I K, Ca, and Mg in the surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm). The increased available K was reflected in the plant tissue analysis at corn stage R1 in 2006, but not in 2007. Pine chip biochar decreased soil pH, but had no effect on other nutrients except Mehlich I Ca. In the peanut hull biochar experiment, grain yields decreased at the 22 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate in the fertilized treatments. In the pine chip biochar experiment, grain yields decreased linearly with application rate in 2006, but this did not persist in 2007. Overall yield responses to biochar were smaller than expected based on previous studies.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Julia W. Gaskin, Lawrence A. Morris, Keshav C. Das, R. Adam Speir, R. Dewey Lee, Dwight S. Fisher, Keith Harris,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0083", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs14092106", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-28", "title": "Accounting for Almond Crop Water Use under Different Irrigation Regimes with a Two-Source Energy Balance Model and Copernicus-Based Inputs", "description": "<p>Accounting for water use in agricultural fields is of vital importance for the future prospects for enhancing water use efficiency. Remote sensing techniques, based on modelling surface energy fluxes, such as the two-source energy balance (TSEB), were used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) on the basis of shortwave and thermal data. The lack of high temporal and spatial resolution of satellite thermal infrared (TIR) missions has led to new approaches to obtain higher spatial resolution images with a high revisit time. These new approaches take advantage of the high spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 (10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 m), and the high revisit time of Sentinel-3 (daily). The use of the TSEB model with sharpened temperature (TSEBS2+S3) has recently been applied and validated in several study sites. However, none of these studies has applied it in heterogeneous row crops under different water status conditions within the same orchard. This study assessed the TSEBS2+S3 modelling approach to account for almond crop water use under four different irrigation regimes and over four consecutive growing seasons (2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932020). The energy fluxes were validated with an eddy covariance system and also compared with a soil water balance model. The former reported errors of 90 W/m2 and 87 W/m2 for the sensible (H) and latent heat flux (LE), respectively. The comparison of ETa with the soil water balance model showed a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) ranging from 0.6 to 2.5 mm/day. Differences in cumulative ETa between the irrigation treatments were estimated, with maximum differences obtained in 2019 of 20% to 13% less in the most water-limited treatment compared to the most well-watered one. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using the TSEBS2+S3 for monitoring ETa in almond trees under different water regimes.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Evapotranspiration", "Science", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "633", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Almond", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "almond", "6. Clean water", "remote sensing", "evapotranspiration; almond; TSEB; remote sensing", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TSEB"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2106/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2106/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092106"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs14092106", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs14092106", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs14092106"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0068", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-31", "description": "<p>Compared with traditional cropping systems, integrated crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93livestock systems have shown greater efficiency in improving soil quality and crop yield. The objective of this study was to determine how an integrated crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93livestock system affected soil properties and corn (Zea mays L.) yield when compared with continuous corn (CC). The study was conducted from 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932008 on a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale research farm located near Pana, IL, USA. We evaluated the following soil and crop variables: soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), water aggregate stability, soil penetration resistance (PR), and corn yield. Three treatments were used in this study: winter cover crops (WCCs) and cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90season pastures (CSP), considered integrated system treatments and a nonintegrated CC monoculture. In the integrated system, CSP and WCC treatments combined, had significantly higher TN (P = 0.0926) than CC. Water aggregate stability was also higher in the integrated system (P = 0.0039). Greater percentages of TC and TN were represented by particulate organic matter (POM) POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C in the WCC treatment, followed by CSP, and CC. The PR for CSP (928 kPa) was not significantly different than WCC (921 kPa). However, both were significantly different than CC (655 kPa). Averaged across years, corn grain yield for WCC (11.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was significantly higher than CC (10.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) (P = 0.0780). These results confirm that WCC and CSP used within integrated crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93livestock systems should improve soil quality, SOM dynamics, and crop yield despite moderate soil compaction caused from cattle presence.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Germ\u00e1n A. Bollero, Benjamin F. Tracy, Jo\u00e3o Paulo Cassol Flores, Ibanor Anghinoni, Fabi\u00e1n G. Fern\u00e1ndez, Matthew W. Maughan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0068"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0068", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0068", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0068"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-09", "title": "Evaluation Of Nitrogen Sources And Application Methods For Nitrogen-Rich Reference Plot Establishment In Corn", "description": "<p>Five different N sources were compared with null N treatment to evaluate their performance for N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich reference plot establishment in corn (Zea mays L.). The sources, including calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PCU) and environmentally smart nitrogen (ESN) in 2007 and 2008, and urea (URE), were broadcast or in\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil banded at the rate of 225 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 A greenhouse trial was also conducted with N applied as CAN, URE, and ESN. Net photosynthesis rate (PN) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm or Fv\uffe2\uff80\uffb2/Fm\uffe2\uff80\uffb2) were measured to assess N sources effects on corn photosynthesis. Relative photosynthetic capacity (RPC) and relative chlorophyll fluorescence capacity (RCFC) were calculated to evaluate the performance of N sources in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich reference plot establishment. There were no differences in the release pattern of N from different sources that could lead to differences in RPC and RCFC during the period when N status diagnosis is normally performed. Hence, all sources were equally effective to establish N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich reference plots in our experimental conditions. It was also found that growers have the flexibility to either broadcast N at sowing or to band N along the rows at a later time after corn emergence.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0102", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0165", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-09", "description": "<p>Our objective was to determine the effect of tillage system, crop rotation, and N fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 90\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm profile in a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (20\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr) experiment established in 1986 on a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol in southern Spain. The treatments studied were: conventional tillage (CT) vs. no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT); five crop rotations: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (WC), wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (WS), wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93bare fallow (WF), wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93faba\uffe2\uff80\uff90bean (Vicia faba L.) (WFB), and continuous wheat (WW); and N fertilizer applied at four rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The SOC content of soil samples was determined in 1995, 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006 for four different soil layers (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315, 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9330, 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9360, and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff9390 cm). The application of N fertilizer did not influence SOC sequestration. The other treatments showed a gradual increase of total SOC content over time, although there were no differences between some consecutive years. The SOC accumulation was higher for 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 90\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths than other depths due to characteristic cracks of Vertisol. Over the 20 yr of the study, WW and WFB sequestered 21 and 15 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 more under NT than under CT, respectively. The other crop rotations did not show any difference in C sequestration between NT and CT. Under CT, WS sequestered more SOC than other rotations, while under NT, WW and WFB sequestered more SOC. In general, the crop rotation intensification and NT had a positive effect over time on SOC sequestration in this rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Francisco J. L\u00f3pez-Bellido, Rafael J. L\u00f3pez-Bellido, Luis L\u00f3pez-Bellido, Jos\u00e9 M. Font\u00e1n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0165"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0165", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0165", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0165"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0483", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-04", "title": "Crop Management Effects On Crop Residue Production And Changes In Soil Organic Carbon In The Central Great Plains", "description": "<p>Crop biomass has been proposed as a source stock for bioethanol production. Levels of crop residue removal must be determined to prevent degradation of soil physical and chemical properties resulting from soil organic carbon (SOC) loss. Carbon inputs from crop residues and an estimate of inputs from roots and rhizodeposition (Creturn) were calculated and compared with changes in SOC after seven cropping seasons at Akron, CO. Tillage treatments included a chisel plow (CP) and a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) treatment. A crop rotation alternating grasses and broadleaf crops was compared with continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Irrigation treatments included water application to meet evapotranspiration demand or application only during the reproductive stage of each crop. Total Creturn varied from 25 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the delayed irrigation, crop rotation plots to 63 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the fully irrigated, continuous corn plots. The change in SOC in the surface 30 cm of soil varied from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.8 Mg SOC ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the rotation plots to a gain of 2.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the continuous corn plots after 7 yr. Correlating crop residue input with change in SOC showed that about 4.6 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Creturn is needed to maintain SOC levels for NT cropping systems and an average of 7.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Creturn is needed to maintain SOC levels under chisel tillage. Continuous corn was the only system that consistently provided sufficient crop residue to maintain SOC levels. Residue removal for off\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm use should consider only amounts that can be harvested without decreasing SOC levels.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0483"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0483", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0483", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0483"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020040x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "title": "Effect Of Periodic Burning On Soil-Nitrogen Concentrations In Ponderosa Pine", "description": "Abstract<p>To determine the effects of different burning intervals on soil N status in substands of sapling\uffe2\uff80\uff90, pole\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and sawtimber\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) we sampled plots burned at 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr intervals by three strata at two depths (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm). Generally, NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 concentrations were higher on plots repeatedly burned than on unburned controls. However, plots not reburned for 4 to 5 yr had concentrations similar to controls. No significant difference in total (organically bound) N was found among treatments. We conclude that frequent periodic burning can be used to enhance N availability in southwestern ponderosa pine sites.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. S. Sackett, W. Wallace Covington,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020040x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020040x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020040x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020040x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1986-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0123", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-05", "title": "Tillage And Crop Rotation Phase Effects On Soil Physical Properties In The West-Central Great Plains", "description": "<p>Efficient water use is the primary determinant of profitability in dryland crop production of the western Great Plains. For a sustainable increase in precipitation use efficiency (PUE) from that typical of the traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation with conventional stubble\uffe2\uff80\uff90mulch (sweep) tillage (CT) to occur, decreased use of fallow and tillage is required. Our objective was to quantify the effect of tillage intensity (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till [NT], reduced tillage [RT], and CT) and phase of the winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation on selected soil properties that influence PUE, with emphasis on infiltration and the association between water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates (WSA) and infiltration rate. Soil water content at \uffe2\uff88\uff921.5 MPa matric potential, concentration of WSA \uffe2\uff89\uffa50.5 mm, mean weight diameter of WSA, and ponded steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state infiltration rate were significantly greater with NT than RT or CT (infiltration rates: NT, 30.6; RT, 15.3; and CT, 11.4 mm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Infiltration rate was significantly greater in the wheat phase (25.8 mm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than in the sorghum (15.4 mm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or fallow (16.2 mm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) phases. The significantly better conditions of aggregate stability and water infiltration with NT management and the lack of development of poor infiltration properties during the wheat season that would need to be alleviated by tillage after harvest reinforce the appropriateness of NT management in crop production systems of the region.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Loyd R. Stone, Alan J. Schlegel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0123"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0123", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0123", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0123"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2009.0182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-09", "description": "<p>Results are summarized for the first 15 yr of an eight\uffe2\uff80\uff90site, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental network in China designed to assess the sustainability of cropping systems in environments representing 70% of Chinese cropland. Systems were wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize double cropping (two crops per year) at four sites, wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93rice double cropping, rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90based triple cropping, and wheat or maize single cropping. Without fertilizers, wheat yields were mainly \uffe2\uff89\uffa41 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and maize yields were \uffe2\uff89\uffa52 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921With NPK fertilizer (rates averaging 154, 33, and 54 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921per crop of N, P, and K, respectively), wheat yields mainly ranged from 5 to 7 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and maize yields ranged from 6 to 9 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921Without P fertilizer, yields declined (up to 4 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921less than with NPK), and Olsen\uffe2\uff80\uff90P values in soil declined, although rates differed between sites. Decreasing yields from withholding K usually emerged more slowly. The results emphasize the value of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments to reveal trends in soil fertility not apparent within a few years and the need for research in these environments to define \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccritical concentrations\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available P and K in soil for maintaining maximum crop yields. Results with manures show the risk of overfertilization and water pollution with N and P if inorganic fertilizer applications are not decreased to take account of nutrients from manure. At two sites, there was evidence of significant N and P inputs from irrigation water. At one site, the addition of N fertilizer gradually caused soil acidification; this caused inefficient utilization of nutrients and led to crop failure.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhao, B-Q., Li, X-Y., Li, X-P., Shi, X-J., Huang, S-M., Wang, B-R., Zhu, P., Yang, X-Y., Liu, H., Chen, Y., Poulton, P. R., Powlson, D. S., Todd, A. D., Payne, R. W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2009.0182", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2009.0182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2009.0182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0051", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-02", "description": "<p>Continuous no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) can be beneficial relative to tillage with fewer field operations, reduced erosion, and surface soil improvement. Field research was conducted at two locations for 5 yr in eastern Nebraska to test the hypotheses that one\uffe2\uff80\uff90time tillage of NT can result in increased grain yield, reduced stratification of soil properties persisting for at least 5 yr, a net gain in soil organic carbon (SOC), and a restoration of the soil microbial community to NT composition. Stratification of soil test P, SOC, and bulk density was similar for all tillage treatments at 5 yr after tillage. Water stable soil aggregates (WSA) were not affected by tillage treatments except that there was more soil as macroaggregates at one location in the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth with moldboard plow tillage (MP) compared with NT. Tillage treatments had no effect on SOC mass in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Soil microbial biomass was greater at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm compared with the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was greater with NT compared with one\uffe2\uff80\uff90time MP at one location but not affected by the one\uffe2\uff80\uff90time tillage at the other location. Microbial community structure differed among tillage treatments at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth at one location but not at the other location. Grain yield generally was not affected by tillage treatment. One\uffe2\uff80\uff90time tillage of NT can be done without measureable effects on yield or soil properties.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Charles S. Wortmann, Thomas G. Franti, Rhae A. Drijber,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0051", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-09", "title": "Physical And Mineral-Nutrition Properties Of Sand-Based Turfgrass Root Zones Amended With Biochar", "description": "<p>Sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90based turfgrass root zones have limited nutrient retention and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity. Peat moss often is used to offset these deficiencies, but peat moss decomposes. Biochar is a co\uffe2\uff80\uff90product of several biofuel production processes used to produce bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90oil. Biochar is stable and could have similar water and nutrient retention impacts as peat moss when mixed in sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90based turfgrass root zones. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of biochar as a sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90based root zone amendment. Water retention, water infiltration, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) rooting depth, and nutrient evaluation experiments were conducted on six sand and biochar root zone mixtures. At field capacity, sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90based media containing 25% (v/v) biochar retained 260 and 370% more water compared to media containing 5% biochar and a pure sand control, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the root zones decreased as biochar concentrations increased. The rooting depth of bentgrass was reduced up to 46% at biochar concentrations &gt;10%. Extracted pore water electrical conductivity and dissolved total organic carbon increased as biochar concentrations increased. Nitrogen leaching was reduced as biochar concentrations increased. According to the results, biochar may improve water storage, reduce overall water use, and decrease N fertilizer applications in sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90based turfgrass ecosystems.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shane R. Brockhoff, Randy Killorn, Nick E. Christians, Robert Horton, Dedrick D. Davis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0188", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0180", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-09", "description": "<p>Under semiarid Mediterranean conditions irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) has been associated with nitrate pollution of surface water and groundwater. Cover crops grown during the intercrop period of maize could reduce N leaching. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters with three cover crops: barley (Hordeum vulgare L), winter rape (Brassica rapa L.), or common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Bare soil was used as control treatment. Maize was fertilized with 300 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N in the control, and this amount was reduced after a cover crop according to the N content in the aboveground cover crop biomass. Barley and winter rape biomass had a higher N content than vetch (130\uffe2\uff80\uff93170 vs. 50 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The vetch treatment did not reduce N leaching or affect maize yield. The barley and winter rape treatments reduced N leaching by 80% compared to the control (25 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) mainly due to a reduction of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentration in drainage. Maize yield was reduced by 2.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 after barley and winter rape but still high (\uffe2\uff89\uff8814 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). This reduction was due to an N deficiency caused by lower soil N in spring after the cover crop and insufficient N mineralization and/or lack of synchronization with maize N uptake. To use nonlegume winter cover crops to reduce N leaching in monoculture maize it is necessary to consider that N mineralization may not be sufficient to fulfill maize N requirements and N fertilizer adjustment tools should be developed.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0180"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0180", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0180", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0180"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0205s", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-19", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics In The Pendleton Long-Term Experiments: Implications For Biofuel Production In Pacific Northwest", "description": "<p>Use of crop residues for biofuel production raises concerns on how removal will impact soil organic carbon (SOC). Information on the effects on SOC is limited and requires long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimentation. Fortunately, Pendleton long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments (LTEs), dating to the 1930s, provide some answers. This study compared crop residue inputs and SOC balance in conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93summer fallow (WW\uffe2\uff80\uff90SF) systems with annual rotation of WW and spring pea (Pisum sativum L.). The WW\uffe2\uff80\uff90SF consisted of crop residue (CR\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE) (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9390 N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 11.2 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of steer (Bos taurus) manure and 1.1 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921of pea vines additions, residue burning, and tillage fertility (TF\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE) (tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90 plow, disc, sweep, and N (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93180 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921)). Winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (WP\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE) rotation treatments included maxi\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (MT\uffe2\uff80\uff90disc/chisel), fall plow (FP), spring plow (SP), and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT). Soils were sampled (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) at 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr intervals, and grain yield and residue data collected every year. In WW\uffe2\uff80\uff90SF systems, SOC was maintained only by manure addition and depleted at a rate of 0.22 to 0.42 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in other treatments. In WP\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE, MT, FP, SP, and NT treatments increased SOC at the rate of 0.10, 0.11, 0.02, and 0.89 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Minimum straw biomass to maintain soil organic carbon (MSB) in the CR\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE, TF\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE, and WP\uffe2\uff80\uff90LTE was 7.8, 5.8, and 5.2 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90SF straw production was lower than MSB, therefore residue removal exacerbated SOC decline. Harvesting straw residues under NT continuous cropping systems is possible when MSB and conservation requirements are exceeded.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephen Machado", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0205s"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0205s", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0205s", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0205s"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0213s", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-19", "description": "<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) has been monitored for more than 100 yr in The Morrow Plots at the University of Illinois. From 1904 to 1955, SOC in the top 15 cm of soil decreased in unfertilized plots, but decreased less or remained the same in plots with added manure+lime+phosphate (MLP). A chemical fertilizer treatment (LNPK) was added in 1955, and in 1968, the corn (Zea mays L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93oat (Avena sativa L.) rotation was converted to corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and a second LNPK treatment (LhiNPK) was added with a higher N rate. From 1968 through 1998, SOC values declined by 15 to 19% in LhiNPK, LNPK, and MLP in the corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation and by 8% in one LNPK treatment in corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93oat\uffe2\uff80\uff93hay, but not in other treatments. Soil organic carbon values from 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932008 deviated by only 0.2 g C kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from values projected using regressions from the 1968 to 1998 period. While SOC was lost from the surface soil of unfertilized plots with continuous residue removal during the first half of the 20th century, SOC trends since then are inconsistent, and appear to be inversely correlated to beginning SOC levels. Over all rotations and treatments, SOC loss averaged only 1.1 g C kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1955 to 2008. While no conclusion regarding residue removal effects on SOC is possible, it is clear that adequate nutrient levels are important in maintaining SOC levels.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. E. Dunker, Emerson D. Nafziger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0213s"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0213s", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0213s", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0213s"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2004.1360", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "title": "Aggregate Sizes And Stability In Cultivated South Dakota Prairie Ustolls And Usterts", "description": "<p>Soil structural stability often decreases as the intensity of cultivation increases. The effect of three different management systems (grass, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and till) on soil aggregate stability and sizes were studied in six Ustolls and two Usterts on central South Dakota farms. Soil structure was morphologically described throughout the profile. Stability of dry and wet aggregates in the topsoil was tested by dry and wet sieving. Most structural changes were observed in the top 0 to 0.20 m. Granular structure was dominant under grass, whereas plates, blocks, and compacted layers were most common in conventionally tilled and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soils. The largest mean weight diameters (MWD) of dry aggregates were found in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soils (10 mm vs. 7 in till and 6 in grass). Wet aggregate stability was higher in grass (87%) than in cultivated soils (70%). After about 10 yr of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till management, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soil aggregates were significantly more stable (5% for wet and 32% for dry aggregates) than till aggregates only in the top 0 to 0.05 m. The structural stability of cultivated soils was greater in Usterts than in Ustolls.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas E. Schumacher, A. Eynard, Douglas D. Malo, M.J. Lindstrom,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1360"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2004.1360", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2004.1360", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2004.1360"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0334", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "Soil Microbial Response To Nitrogen Rate And Placement And Barley Seeding Rate Under No Till", "description": "<p>Urea [(NH2)2CO] applied in the seed row can damage seedlings and affect soil microorganisms. A field study was conducted in five site\uffe2\uff80\uff90years to compare the effects of seed\uffe2\uff80\uff90placed and side\uffe2\uff80\uff90banded N applied to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at 0 to120 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on rhizosphere and bulk\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and functional diversity (H\uffca\uffb9), and to investigate if increasing barley seeding rate (200\uffe2\uff80\uff93400 seeds m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) would modify the N effects. Nitrogen rate affected MBC in four and one site\uffe2\uff80\uff90years in barley rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively. Two of the four responses in the rhizosphere were quadratic, and the other two were a linear decrease and a cubic response. The response in bulk soil was a linear decrease. One of the two responses in the rhizosphere depended on N placement. Responses of H\uffca\uffb9 to N rate, which were mostly cubic and depended on N placement, were observed in three and four site\uffe2\uff80\uff90years in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively. Increasing barley seeding rate increased MBC in one and three site\uffe2\uff80\uff90years in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively, and increased H\uffca\uffb9 in one and two site\uffe2\uff80\uff90years, respectively. In two of the three cases in bulk soil, seeding rate increased MBC only when N was banded. Banded N up to 60 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 had minimal adverse effects on soil microorganisms, but only 30 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or less of seed\uffe2\uff80\uff90placed N was relatively harmless. Increasing seeding rate did not usually alleviate the negative effects of seed\uffe2\uff80\uff90placed N applied at high rates.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0334"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0334", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0334", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0334"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0493", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "description": "<p>Cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercropping often results in increased productivity, weed suppression, and N supply. The agronomic and economic benefits of maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93bean (Zea mays L. \uffe2\uff80\uff93Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping were studied for 5 yr in a complete factorial with: 0, 1, and 2 weedings (W0, W1, W2); and single (MB) and double (MBB) rows of bean alternated with one row of maize. Sole crop maize and bean were included. Weed infestation in intercrop was 30% less compared with sole crop bean but with inconsistent differences across years. Weed biomass was 13% less with MBB compared with sole\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropped maize. Ears m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 were 55% more in seasons with better rainfall compared with 1999 and 16% more with W1 or W2 compared W0. Mean maize grain yield was 3.74 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Weeding frequency (WF) effect on maize grain yield was inconsistent across years but yield was 75% more with W2 compared with W0. Overall, maize grain yield was 19% more with MB compared with MBB but the effect was significant in 1997 only. Mean bean yield was 1.07 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and was inconsistently affected by treatments across years. Bean yield was on average 52 and 67% more with W1 and W2, respectively, compared with W0, and 35% more with MB compared with MBB. Intercropping resulted in land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.0 to 2.4 with a WF effect. Mean net income (NI) was greatest with MB and W1. Overall, intercropping suppressed weeds and was more productive and economical than sole crop production.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T. Workayehu, Charles S. Wortmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0493"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0493", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0493", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0493"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-10", "description": "<p>It is widely accepted that conservation tillage management affords benefits to soil properties and reduces production costs; therefore these practices could be attractive to farmers from semiarid regions. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of different tillage practices under semiarid conditions on macroaggregate stability (water stable aggregates, WSA), soil organic carbon (SOC), and particulate organic carbon (C\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM) content of an Alfisol from Spain. The experimental design involved a split plot and four randomized blocks in which tillage was the main factor and crop rotation (fallow\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea\uffe2\uff80\uff93barley) the secondary factor. Three tillage systems were compared: no tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT). Soil samples were collected on November 2006 and October 2007. In November 2006 no significant differences in WSA were found among the tillage treatments. In October 2007, however, the mean WSA in the upper soil layer for the NT was significantly higher, 24%, that in the CT. No significant differences were seen for the subsurface layer. Under NT, the SOC and C\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM values for the surface soil layer were significantly higher than those for the other treatments on both sampling dates. At the subsurface depth, no significant differences were seen in either of these variables. The SOC and C\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM values were more homogeneous throughout the soil profile in the plowed soil than in the NT for which the corresponding values were more stratified. The results show that NT will help improve soil structure and soil fertility, which is particularly relevant to semiarid conditions like the area studied.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0210"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0210", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0210", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0210"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0273", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-19", "title": "Influence Of Liquid Cattle Manure On Micronutrients Content And Uptake By Corn And Their Availability In A Calcareous Soil", "description": "<p>The effect of soil application of liquid dairy cattle (Bos taurus) manure on Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and B content and uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) and their availability in a calcareous soil was studied. The field received 9 yr of liquid cattle manure in two fertilization experiments, initially with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1996\uffe2\uff80\uff932000), followed by a similar experiment with corn (2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932006). The treatments, practiced on the same plots every year since 1996, included: (i) soil incorporation of liquid dairy cattle manure before sowing at a rate equivalent to the recommended N\uffe2\uff80\uff90P inorganic fertilization for each crop; (ii) application of the recommended inorganic N\uffe2\uff80\uff90P fertilization for each crop, before sowing; (iii) identical to ii, but with split N application; and (iv) no fertilization (control). Surface soil samples were analyzed at the beginning of each corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season and in the spring of 2007. Corn samples, collected at the R3 growth stage, were also analyzed. The results showed that concentrations of all micronutrients in corn were not affected by fertilization. However, following manure application in 2005 and 2006, micronutrients' uptake by corn was significantly increased compared to the control, and was similar to levels for the inorganic fertilizer treatments. After 9 yr of manure application to soil, DTPA extractable Cu, Zn, and Mn and hot water extractable B were significantly increased. In addition, soil total and dissolved organic C were significantly increased and dissolved organic C was significantly correlated to DTPA extractable metals.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0273"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0273", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0273", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0273"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010016x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Transport Of Atrazine And Simazine In Runoff From Conventional And No-Tillage Corn", "description": "Abstract<p>On 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 3.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90ha watersheds, highest concentrations of atrazine (0.48 ppm) (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90[ethylamino]\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90[isopropylamino]\uffe2\uff80\uff90s\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine) and simazine (1.2 ppm) (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff904,6\uffe2\uff80\uff90bis[ethylamino]\uffe2\uff80\uff90s\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine) were present in runoff occurring soon after application and declined rapidly for later events. Quantity of herbicides transported increased with the amount of runoff, and was inversely related to the length of time between application and the runoff event. A maximum of 6% of the applied herbicide was transported from the field even under the most favorable conditions, and the average for all watersheds was &lt; 2%. Less runoff and herbicide loss occurred from areas planted to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage than to conventional corn (Zea mays L.).</p><p>In a multiple regression analysis of the factors, the natural logarithm (ln) of days after application and a tillage \uffc3\uff97 application rate interaction were useful in predicting the natural logarithm of herbicide concentration in runoff. Factors from the multiple regression analysis used in this study were important in predicting concentration of atrazine and other pesticides when applied to data published by other workers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G. B. Triplett, W. M. Edwards, B. J. Conner,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010016x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010016x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010016x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010016x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1978-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2010.0454", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-02", "description": "<p>Cropping systems may improve or decrease soil quality depending on the specific crop rotation, nutrient amendments, and tillage practices employed. We conducted this study to determine the effect of six cropping systems in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial on soil properties after 18 yr of continuous treatments. We sampled soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm depths) following the corn (Zea mays L.) year of three grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based systems (continuous corn and two grain rotations), after both corn and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in two forage\uffe2\uff80\uff90based systems (organic and conventional), and in grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume pasture. Extractable P and K, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total N, active soil C, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates (WSA), bulk density (BD), penetrometer resistance, and total microbial biomass (TMB) were measured, and the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) soil quality index (SQI) was determined. The pasture (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm) was significantly better than all other systems in almost all soil quality indicators and had the highest SQI (96 vs. mean of 87 for others). The alfalfa\uffe2\uff80\uff90based systems had more total N, TOC, active C, PMN, and WSA and higher BD in one or both depths than did the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based systems but SQIs were not different. Among the grain systems, there was less variation and few significant differences were observed. While there were significant differences among systems for most soil properties, a SQI based on a composite of seven soil properties, showed few differences on this well managed, productive, prairie\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived soil.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Harry W. Read, Joshua L. Posner, Teri C. Balser, Janet L. Hedtcke, William E. Jokela,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0454"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2010.0454", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2010.0454", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2010.0454"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2011.0311", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-29", "description": "<p>Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important grain crop grown in both highly productive and marginal areas in the central Great Plains because of the crop's ability to use the erratic precipitation observed in this region. More effective capture and storage of this limited rainfall is needed to improve the productivity and profitability of dryland agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage and N fertilization on soil physical and hydraulic properties after long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term continuous grain sorghum production. Variables included conventional tillage (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and four rates of N fertilizer. Selected soil quality indicators included soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), wet aggregate stability (WAS), and ponded infiltration. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till accumulated more SOC in the surface 0 to 5 cm, and was less dense at all depths than CT. When tillage was compared across all N rates, NT contained 30% greater SOC than CT at the 0 to 5 cm. Mean weight diameter (MWD) was larger with increasing N fertilization and eliminating tillage. Ponded infiltration rates were greatest for the high N fertilization rate under NT, and lowest for the 0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate under CT. In this long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term grain sorghum system, increasing N fertilization rate and NT both positively affected soil physical properties. These improvements in hydraulic properties will aid in more effectively capturing unpredictable precipitation, and further underscore the utility of NT management practices for the central Great Plains region.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Grain sorghum", "Soil physical properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0311"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2011.0311", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2011.0311", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2011.0311"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2011.0073", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-02", "title": "Long-Term Tillage And Poultry Litter Impacts On Soybean And Corn Grain Yield", "description": "<p>Reduced tillage, poultry litter applications, crop rotations, and winter cover cropping are management practices that could be used with conservation tillage systems to increase yields compared to conventional monoculture systems. This study evaluated cropping sequences of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotations with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) covers in conventional, strip, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) systems, following poultry litter additions to wheat cover. The study was conducted from 1991 to 2001 on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults). Poultry litter (112 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was applied to wheat each year in fall. Wheat not receiving poultry litter received equivalent inorganic N. Corn was fertilized with inorganic fertilizer in spring with 56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at planting followed by 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 3 wk after emergence; soybean received no fertilizer. Corn yields were influenced by tillage in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 2001 with conventional tillage producing greater yields, except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Poultry litter increased corn yield in 1991, 1997, and 1998. Crop rotations increased corn yield for all years, except 2001. Soybean yields were not impacted by differences in tillage. Crop rotations significantly impacted soybean yield in 1992, 1995, and 1998, with higher yields observed in 1992, and 1995, and lower yields in 1998. Poultry litter significantly increased soybean yield 8 of the 9 yr evaluated. This study suggests that poultry litter use for these crop rotations in conservation tillage systems could increase sustainable yield production.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "H. Allen Torbert, Dexter B. Watts,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0073"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2011.0073", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2011.0073", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2011.0073"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2011.0336", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-05", "title": "Nitrogen Sources And Timing Effects On Nitrogen Loss And Uptake In Delayed Flood Rice", "description": "<p>Field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Louisiana and Mississippi to evaluate ammonia volatilization loss and subsequent effects on apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) and grain yield for rice (Oryza sativa L.). A semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90open static chamber approach was used to measure ammonia volatilization loss from multiple N sources applied 10 days before flood (dbf) at the rate of 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Cumulative ammonia volatilization losses for urea for Louisiana environments were 19 and 33% compared to 7% for both Mississippi environments. Urea + [N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(n\uffe2\uff80\uff90butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (NBPT), urea + NBPT + dicyandiamide (DCD), and ammonium sulfate (AS) all minimized volatilization losses over all environments (range of 1.9\uffe2\uff80\uff934.9%). Additionally, ammonia volatilization data fitted to the Gompertz model demonstrated that urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD had longer lag phases (7.2\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7 d) relative to urea, AS, and urea + ammonium sulfate (UAS) blend (3.6 d). The same N sources and rate of N was applied 10, 7, 4, and 1 dbf to determine the effects on ANRE and yield. Apparent N recovery efficiency ranged from 43 to 71%. Grain yield was influenced by application time for two environments. Nitrogen application 10 dbf resulted in the least grain yield and yields tended to increase with fewer days between application and permanent flood. In Louisiana, urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD resulted in yields greater than urea alone. Where volatilization potential is substantial, NBPT should be included with the urea application to protect yield potential.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0336"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2011.0336", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2011.0336", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2011.0336"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2012.0081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-24", "title": "Temporal And Spatial Influence Of Perennial Upland Buffers On Corn And Soybean Yields", "description": "<p>Contour perennial buffers within cropland reduce pollutants from watersheds, but may interfere and affect crop yields at the crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90buffer interface. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal and spatial effects of agroforestry (AGF) and contour grass (CGS) buffers on no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields in the claypan region of Missouri. The CGS buffers (4.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90m width) contained redtop (Agrostis gigantean Roth), brome grass (Bromus spp.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), established at 35 m spacings. The AGF buffers contained, a single row of pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor Willd.), and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa Michx.) trees planted at 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m spacings in the middle of grass strips. Mean yields of corn in 2004, 2006, and 2008 and soybean in 2005, 2007, and 2009 at distances 0 to 5 m, 5 to 10 m, 10 to 15 m, and 15 to 20 m from AGF and CGS buffers were determined using geo\uffe2\uff80\uff90referenced yield maps and ArcGIS software. Corn yield reductions at 0 to 5 m from buffers, ranged from 22 to 49% in AGF and 15 to 32% in CGS watersheds, compared to the yield at 15 to 20 m during 2004 and 2006. This reduction may have been enhanced from soil moisture stress, late planting, and different hybrids between study years. Soybean yields were not affected by buffers. Reduction of corn yields could be potentially minimized with early planting, drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant varieties and reduction of buffers root competition with pruning or barriers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ranjith P. Udawatta, Shibu Jose, Kelly A. Nelson, Kent Shannon, G.M.M.M. Anomaa Senaviratne,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2012.0081", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2012.0081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2012.0081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2012.0222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-14", "description": "<p>Field evaluations of slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90release N fertilizers are needed to improve N use efficiency while reducing NH3 volatilization. Ammonia volatilization losses, floodwater NH4+, and aboveground rice (Oryza sativa L.) tissue N accumulation were compared between non\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (NCU) and polyolefin\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (POCU) applications in a double\uffe2\uff80\uff90rice production system of subtropical China. A factorial treatment design included two urea sources such as POCU and NCU applied at 75 and 150 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90N control. For early and late rice seasons, floodwater NH4+ and pH increased significantly within 7 to 10 d after NCU applications and then decreased rapidly. Nitrogen losses through NH3 volatilization accounted for 16 to 30% and 4 to 8% of the total N applied for NCU and POCU, respectively. Applications of POCU significantly increased N accumulation in aboveground rice biomass due to a slower N release and better synchrony between in\uffe2\uff80\uff90season rice N demand and N supply from this fertilizer. Applications of POCU at a rate of 75 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 provided the optimal amounts of N for early and late rice crops and reduced NH3 volatilization losses. The use of slow release urea fertilizers should increase N use efficiency and maintain the high grain yield in the double rice production systems of subtropical China.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2012.0222", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2012.0222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2012.0222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2012.0014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-29", "title": "Maize Evapotranspiration And Water-Use Efficiency In Response To Row Spacing", "description": "<p>Reduced row spacing has shown to increase maize (Zea mays L.) yield; however there are conflicting results on whether narrow rows increases maize crop evapotranspiration and/or water use efficiency. This work analyzes the response of maize yield, crop evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency to reduced row spacing under different water and N regimes. Maize crops were grown at Balcarce, Argentina, during two seasons. Treatments included two water regimes (rain\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed and irrigated), two rows spacing (35 and 70 cm) and two rates of N (i.e., 180 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or nonfertilized). Soil water content was measured through the growing seasons using a neutron probe, grain yield and shoot dry matter were determined at physiological maturity. Grain yield response to narrow rows ranged from 0 to 23%; it was higher for water limited (i.e., rain\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed crops) and/or N deficient crops (i.e., nonfertilized crops) and lower for crops with high N fertilization and irrigation. Narrow rows consistently increased (8%) crop ET during the initial stages of crop growth; and N fertilization did not influence ET response to reduced row spacing during this period. Initial differences in ET between row spacing treatments were diluted as the season progressed, and seasonal crop ET was not influenced by row spacing. Reduced row spacing increased water use efficiency for grain production up to 17%; increments were larger in N deficient crops and/or with water limitations but were negligible in N fertilized and irrigated crops.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "571", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2012.0014", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2012.0014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2012.0014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010037x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "Abstract<p>Nitrate leaching from maize (Zea mays L.) fields fertilized in excess of plant requirements continue to threaten water quality even though many agronomists have recommended reducing N fertilization rates to contain this environmental risk. Inbred maize has lower N uptake than conventional hybrid maize; therefore, inbred maize production exposes soils to even greater ground water pollution risks by nitrates. A 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soils in southwestern Michigan to investigate the combined effects of N fertilization rates and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops on NO3 leaching in inbred maize fields. Inbred maize was fertilized at 0, 101, and 202 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Annual NO3 leaching losses were 7 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher in fields fertilized at 101 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 than in nonfertilized controls. Annual NO3 leaching losses to ground water between May 1995 and April 1998 from lysimeters fertilized at 202 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 averaged 88 kg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Rye interseeded with inbred maize fertilized at 202 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 sequestered from 46 to 56 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of excess fertilizer N. Rye scavenged little residual fertilizer N in plots fertilized at 101 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Well established rye cover crops in 1996 reduced NO3 leaching by as much as 65 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 when the previous crop was fertilized with 202 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Therefore, rye cover crops sequestered substantial amounts of soil NO3 in heavily fertilized inbred maize fields.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010037x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010037x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010037x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010037x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2012.0153", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-19", "title": "Growth Of Corn Roots And Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Are Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Phosphorus Fertilization", "description": "<p>Phosphorus deficiency is a major constraint for corn (Zea mays L.) production. Cropping practices, such as tillage, modify corn P absorption, but the underlying mechanism must be assessed. A study was conducted at a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (18\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr) experimental site in Quebec, Canada, to evaluate the effects of tillage and P fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, soil properties, root attributes, corn growth, and corn P concentration. Soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) and plant samples were collected at the 8 to 10 leaf stage from plots under moldboard plow (MP) and no till (NT) fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Tillage increased soil bulk density, vesicular colonization, shoot and root biomass, root surface area, average diameter, volume, total root length density, and the percentage of medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized roots; it decreased total soil C and N concentrations, specific root length, percentage of fine roots, and arbuscular and total AM fungal colonization. Phosphorus fertilization reduced total AM fungal colonization, enhanced soil Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff903 P level, total root length density, and the percentage of fine roots. Corn shoot and root P concentrations, reduced by tillage, were positively correlated with the percentage of fine roots and arbuscular colonization, but negatively correlated with vesicular colonization and the percentage of medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized roots. Overall, P fertilization reduced total AM fungal colonization and increased root length density, and tillage decreased arbuscular development in roots and fine root growth in soil resulting in the low corn P concentration.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0153"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2012.0153", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2012.0153", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2012.0153"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2012.0223", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-16", "description": "<p>Carbon retention is a critical issue in arable farming of the Indian Himalayas. This study, conducted from 2001 through 2010 on a sandy clay loam soil, evaluated the effect of tillage alterations (conventional tillage [CT] and zero tillage [ZT]) and selected irrigation treatments (I1: pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90sowing, I2: pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90sowing + active tillering or crown root initiation, I3: pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90sowing + active tillering or crown root initiation + panicle initiation or flowering, and I4: pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90sowing + active tillering or crown root initiation + panicle initiation or flowering + grain filling), applied at the critical growth stages to rice (Oryza sativaL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) on soil organic C (SOC) retention and its pools, soil aggregation, and aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated C contents in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer. Results indicate that the plots under ZT had nearly 17 and 14% higher total SOC and particulate organic C contents compared with CT (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc9.8 and 3.6 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil) in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer after 9 yr of cropping, despite similar mean aboveground biomass yields of both crops on both CT and ZT plots. Tillage had no effect on C pools in the subsurface layers. Irrigation had positive impact on SOC content in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layers. Although the labile pools of SOC were positively affected by ZT, the recalcitrant pool was not. Plots under ZT and I4 also had higher large and small macroaggregates and macroaggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC. Thus, adoption of ZT is the better management option for soil C improvement than CT, and irrigation generally enhances the positive impacts.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0223"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2012.0223", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2012.0223", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2012.0223"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2012.0486", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-21", "title": "Stover Management And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Corn Production", "description": "<p>The incorporation of crop stover into the soil improves soil fertility and crop productivity by increasing C sequestration and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases among other parameters. Interactions between crop stover management and N fertilization could help to improve C sequestration while increasing productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating or removing corn (Zea mays L.) stover, in combination with different N fertilization rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931), on corn production, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) in high production areas. We performed two field experiments (Exp. 1 and 2) for 3 yr under sprinkler irrigation. Over the duration of the experiment (short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term period), stover management did not affect corn production or SMN levels, while high average grain yields were achieved (16\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931) when N was applied. After 3 yr, removing the stover reduced SOC levels by approximately 0.82 and 1.06 g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) in 2012 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The amounts of corn stover incorporated were higher than 16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931 of dry matter. Our data suggest that returning stover to the soil has a positive short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term impact on soil quality without grain yield penalties. Although selling the stover provides a short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term economic advantage, continuous stover removal may cause significant soil degradation in the future.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Biau, Jaume Lloveras, Francisca Santiveri,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0486"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2012.0486", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2012.0486", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2012.0486"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "Abstract<p>Intensively managed plantations of trees occupy vast areas of the tropics. The productivity of these forests depends strongly on nutrient supply, and nutrient supply may change rapidly under intensive management regimes. We documented changes in a Hawaiian soil after 32 mo of development of a plantation of eucalyptus [Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.)]. Soil C did not change significantly (average = \uffe2\uff80\uff9023 g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff902 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901 to 30 cm; 95% confidence \uffe2\uff88\uff92139 to +93 g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff902 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901). This lack of change in soil C resulted from a rapid loss of older soil C derived from sugarcane (\uffe2\uff88\uff92191 g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff902 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901) and a rapid gain of new soil C from eucalyptus (160 g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff902 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901). Soil N declined by 19 g N m\uffe2\uff80\uff902 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901 (P = 0.08), despite fertilizer additions of 31 to 70 g m\uffe2\uff80\uff902. Large reductions in exchangeable Ca and Mg probably resulted from dissolution and leaching of residual lime from prior agricultural management. We conclude that intensive sampling regimes may detect relatively small changes in tropical forest soils, and that expectations of C accumulation in soils following afforestation may need to be reconsidered.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2013.0087", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-03", "title": "Corn Response To Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers And Poultry Litter", "description": "<p>Nitrogen is one of the most important and costly nutrient inputs for crop production. Farmers are looking for better management practice to enhance production and reduce environmental impact. A 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field study was established to examine corn (Zea maysL.) grain yield and nutrient uptake resulting from application of 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921as urea (U), urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90ammonium nitrate (UAN), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), poultry litter (PL), and similar rate of commercially available enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENF) as follow: polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (ESN), SuperU, UAN + AgrotainPlus, and PL + AgrotainPlus in a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn production. Treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized block design from 2009 to 2011. Aboveground plant biomass was harvested at physiological maturity each year to determine dry matter and nutrient uptake. Soil samples were taken three times per year to evaluate the status of the selected nutrients in soil. There was a significant increase in corn aboveground dry matter and grain yield with application of 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921compared with control treatment. There was no significant difference in corn grain yield or dry matter among the N sources. However, averaged across all N sources, corn grain yield (10.1 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in 2009 was greater than grain yield (7.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in 2010 and 2011, mainly due to higher rainfall and better distribution in 2009. Addition of AgrotainPlus to UAN and PL did not influence corn grain yield. Additional research is needed to evaluate EENFs under different climatic conditions and different management practices.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0087"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2013.0087", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2013.0087", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2013.0087"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2013.0169", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-18", "title": "Permanent Raised Beds Improved Soil Physical Properties In An Annual Double-Cropping System", "description": "<p>As a typical semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90humid area with a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize (Zea mays L.) annual double\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropping system, Beijing has the lowest food production per capita and is suffering from severe soil degradation and low seedbed temperature in winter. This study evaluated the permanent raised bed (PRB) system in Beijing from 2005 to 2011 to investigate the effects of combining no tillage, residue cover, and controlled traffic with raised beds for improving soil properties. We found that the overall soil bulk density (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) in PRB plots was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower (by 12.4%) than that in traditional tillage (TT) plots, while the penetration resistance in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layers of PRB plots was 18.2 and 26.1% lower (P &lt; 0.05), respectively, than that of TT. The percentage of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable soil macroaggregates (&gt;0.25 mm) in the PRB plots was 89.8% (P &lt; 0.05) higher than in the TT plots, while the soil temperature was approximately 1.3 and 1.0\uffc2\uffb0C higher under TT at the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths, respectively, in winter. With these improvements, yields of PRBs appeared to have an increasing trend compared with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and TT treatments.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0169"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2013.0169", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2013.0169", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2013.0169"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2013.0467", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-23", "description": "<p>Cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume cover crop mixtures have the potential to combine the unique strengths of the component species while taking advantage of interspecific synergies. However, the relative proportion of each species in the mixture is likely to influence species interactions and entail important tradeoffs in cover crop performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the relative proportions of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) sown in mixtures influenced cover crop biomass production, winter annual weed suppression, vetch winter survival, and vetch N2 fixation as measured by the 15N natural abundance method. Following a replacement series design, treatments consisted of a gradient of seven rye\uffe2\uff80\uff93vetch mixture proportions ranging from 100% vetch to 100% rye. Density and biomass composition in the mixtures were highly correlated with rye and vetch seeding rates, with little evidence of substantial interspecific interference. Total shoot biomass in all mixtures was equal to or greater than that of either monoculture, but no differences were detected in vetch winter survival or the efficiency of N2 fixation. Changing the proportions of rye and vetch in the mixtures resulted in tradeoffs related to N and weed management goals. Increasing vetch in mixtures led to greater fixed N accumulation but also increased seed costs and reduced winter annual weed suppression. A greater understanding of how rye\uffe2\uff80\uff93vetch mixture proportions influence cover crop performance can support more\uffe2\uff80\uff90informed decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90making regarding cover crop selection and mixture seeding rates.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel C. Brainard, Zachary D. Hayden, Mathieu Ngouajio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0467"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2013.0467", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2013.0467", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2013.0467"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2015.0468", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-06", "title": "Controlled Release Urea Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Yield Of Wheat And Corn", "description": "<p>Nitrogen fertilizer is important for improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) yields, but inappropriate application methods and excessive amounts lead to low N use efficiency and high N losses through leaching. To investigate the effects of controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea (CRU) on crop yield and soil fertility, a field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in China. The 100% (180 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 70% (126 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the local practice N rates with CRU and urea were used. The results revealed that the release curves of CRU in the natural field corresponded well to the N requirements of wheat and corn plants, and a positive linear correlation was observed between release rates and days after buried in soil. Consequently, the CRU treatments achieved significantly higher wheat and corn yield by 8 to 12% and 9 to 11%, respectively, compared with urea treatments at the same N rate. Reducing N rate of CRU by 30% produced the same yield as with the 100% N rate of urea. The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was significantly increased and the leaching of soil N was reduced by CRU. The acidification rates and leaching of exchangeable Ca2+, K+, Na+ contents were reduced, base saturation and available P improved by application of CRU compared with urea. Therefore, the results suggested that a 30% decrease of CRU in the recommended application rate of N, can be an effective measure to save consumption input of N fertilizer.</p><p>Core Ideas  <p>Nitrogen release rates of controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea in field condition corresponded well to the N uptake of crop plants.</p> <p>A 30% decrease in the application rate of N is possible with controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea compared to urea.</p> <p>The application of controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea increased crop yield, N use efficiency, net farm profit, and soil fertility.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaofei Tian, Chengliang Li, Jianqiu Chen, Jibiao Geng, Yuechao Yang, Min Zhang, Wenkui Zheng, Yunbao Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0468"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2015.0468", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2015.0468", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2015.0468"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs14092256", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-09", "title": "Soya Yield Prediction on a Within-Field Scale Using Machine Learning Models Trained on Sentinel-2 and Soil Data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Agriculture is the backbone and the main sector of the industry for many countries in the world. Assessing crop yields is key to optimising on-field decisions and defining sustainable agricultural strategies. Remote sensing applications have greatly enhanced our ability to monitor and manage farming operation. The main objective of this research was to evaluate machine learning system for within-field soya yield prediction trained on Sentinel-2 multispectral images and soil parameters. Multispectral images used in the study came from ESA\u2019s Sentinel-2 satellites. A total of 3 cloud-free Sentinel-2 multispectral images per year from specific periods of vegetation were used to obtain the time-series necessary for crop yield prediction. Yield monitor data were collected in three crop seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020) from a number of farms located in Upper Austria. The ground-truth database consisted of information about the location of the fields and crop yield monitor data on 411 ha of farmland. A novel method, namely the Polygon-Pixel Interpolation, for optimal fitting yield monitor data with satellite images is introduced. Several machine learning algorithms, such as Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Random Forest, were compared for their performance in soya yield prediction. Among the tested machine learning algorithms, Stochastic Gradient Descent regression model performed better than the others, with a mean absolute error of 4.36 kg/pixel (0.436 t/ha) and a correlation coefficient of 0.83%.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "precision agriculture", "stochastic gradient descent (SGD)", "polygon-pixel intersection (PPI)", "Science", "Q", "710", "high performance computing (HPC)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "620", "remote sensing", "precision agriculture; remote sensing; polygon-pixel intersection (PPI); stochastic gradient descent (SGD); high performance computing (HPC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2256/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092256"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs14092256", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs14092256", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs14092256"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2013.0108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-03", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions With Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers In A Rainfed System", "description": "<p>The use of enhanced efficiency N fertilizers can increase crop N utilization and lead to lower emissions of the greenhouse gas N2O. To determine the potential benefit of four enhanced efficiency fertilizers with rainfed corn (Zea maysL.) production in central Pennsylvania, N2O emissions and grain yield were monitored during a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field study and compared with untreated urea prills and urea\uffe2\uff80\uff93NH4NO3(UAN). The tested enhanced efficiency products were ESN (polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea), SuperU (urease and nitrification inhibitor treated urea), UAN treated with AgrotainPlus (urease and nitrification inhibitors), and PiNT (cation\uffe2\uff80\uff90stabilized amine\uffe2\uff80\uff90N). Additionally, 28\uffe2\uff80\uff90d laboratory incubations were conducted to verify the potential differences in N cycling rates among N sources. The laboratory incubations indicated that ESN, SuperU, and treated UAN all had the potential to delay accumulation of NO3relative to untreated urea and UAN, but N cycling was similar with PiNT and the untreated fertilizers. Extended dry periods limited the denitrification potential and overall N2O emissions in the field, but spikes of N2O emission were seen within 1 mo after fertilizer application in each year. However, variation in emission rates was high within treatments, and no consistent differences among N sources were seen. Cumulative growing season N2O emissions and grain yield were similar for all N sources in each year of the study. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers do not appear to be an effective means to reduce N2O emission in a rainfed system, at least when rainfall is inconsistent.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John P. Schmidt, John P. Schmidt, Curtis J. Dell, Kun Han, Ray B. Bryant,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2013.0108", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2013.0108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2013.0108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2013.0288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-07", "description": "<p>Tillage and crop residue inputs are important factors that impact soil aggregation and soil organic C (SOC) decomposition. This study evaluated the impacts of tillage and 10 yr of crop residue removal on aggregate stability, distribution, and associated C. The research was conducted in North China between 2002 and 2011. The treatments were five tillage systems that included conventional tillage (CT), subsoiling (ST), harrow tillage (HT), rotary tillage (RT), and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) in combination with crop residue retention (P) or residue removal (A). The results indicate that 74 to 82% of aggregates were macroaggregates (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff935 mm) and that these aggregates contained from 53 to 87% of the SOC in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Tillage and residue removal reduced macroaggregates and SOC levels, especially under the RT treatment, but residue inputs slowed down the rate of SOC depletion in the soil. The treatments of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till with residue retention (NTP) and subsoiling with residue retention (STP), accumulated more C in stable macroaggregates and significantly increased SOC levels, which increased 13.37 and 9.59 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931, respectively, in 10 yr. Crop residue input combined with an appropriate tillage system is an effective method for maintaining and improving low\uffe2\uff80\uff90quality soil and SOC levels in the widespread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system of North China.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Na Li, Shenzhong Tian, Tangyuan Ning, Shuyun Chi, Bingwen Wang, Zengjia Li, Hongxiang Zhao, Yu Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0288"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2013.0288", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2013.0288", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2013.0288"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2015.0422", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-02", "description": "<p>Located within the Sahel region, Senegal faces several agricultural production challenges. Limited rainfall, poor soil fertility, and insufficient agronomic inputs all contribute to low pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] yields. This study was initiated to assess the potential for increasing millet yields through intercropping (living cover) and mulching (desiccated cover) practices. During the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, pearl millet was intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], or grown under mulch (neem [Azadirachta indica] leaves applied at 2 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Field trials were conducted at two sites within Senegal's central millet\uffe2\uff80\uff93peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) basin, in Bambey (14\uffc2\uffb041\uffe2\uff80\uffb238\uffe2\uff80\uffb3 N, 16\uffc2\uffb028\uffe2\uff80\uffb212\uffe2\uff80\uffb3 W) and Thi\uffc3\uffa9s (14\uffc2\uffb045\uffe2\uff80\uffb245\uffe2\uff80\uffb3 N, 16\uffc2\uffb053\uffe2\uff80\uffb214\uffe2\uff80\uffb3 W). Soil moisture and plant N (based on the normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) were measured in addition to yield. When intercropped with a legume, millet grain yields increased up to 55% compared to millet alone. The combined grain yields under intercropping (millet + legume) were always higher than yields of millet alone, up to 67% in Bambey. Mulching increased soil moisture up to 14%, with yield increases of up to 70% over millet with no mulch. Plant N increased in both intercropped and mulched millet, with NDVI increases up to 21% with mulch and 16% when grown with a legume (prior to flowering). These yield increases were achieved using resources that are available and affordable to small\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale producers in the region (seeds and mulch), and did not require the addition of fertilizer inputs.</p><p>Core Ideas  <p>Intercropping millet with cowpea or mungbean was found to increase millet grain yield compared to millet that was grown alone. Yield increases as high as 55% were recorded.</p> <p>Increasing ground cover through mulching of millet was found to significantly increase soil moisture compared to millet grown with no additional ground cover. Soil moisture increased up to 14% in mulched soils compared to unmulched soils.</p> <p>Intercropping millet with a legume (cowpea or mungbean) always resulted in a higher combined yield than growing either the millet or the legume by itself.</p> </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0422"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2015.0422", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2015.0422", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2015.0422"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2015.0552", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-15", "title": "Maize Yield And Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Upper Midwest Irrigated Sandy Soils", "description": "<p>Corn (Zea mays L.) in irrigated coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils can be very productive with N applications, but excess N can increase groundwater contamination. Our objectives were to (i) determine the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for continuous corn (CC) and corn after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CSb), (ii) evaluate corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of split urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and single pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant application of enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency fertilizers, and (iii) determine the utility of canopy sensors and basal stalk nitrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90N test to manage N. Rotations of CC in Dakota County, Minnesota, and CC, CSb, and soybean after corn (SbC) in Pope County, Minnesota, were established in 2011 to 2014 with 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 kg urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as split\uffe2\uff80\uff90application (half at pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and half at V4), and pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant applications of SuperU (Koch Fertilizer LLC, Wichita, KS) at 180 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, ESN(Agrium Advanced Technologies, Loveland, CO)/urea blend 90/90 kg Nha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and ESN at 180 and 225 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The EONR for CC was 233 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The fertilizer replacement value in CSb was 56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and the EONR was 49 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 less than in CC. Canopy sensors and basal stalk nitrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90N generally under estimated N rate. A split\uffe2\uff80\uff90urea application increased corn grain yield by 5.4% (0.63 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), partial factor productivity (PFP) by 6% and agronomic efficiency (AE) by 12% relative to mean single pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant application of enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency fertilizers. In irrigated sandy soils, applying high rates of N needed for economic optimum yield is best accomplished by splitting the application.</p><p>Core Ideas  <p>In irrigated sandy soils, applying high rates of N needed for economic optimum yield is best accomplished by splitting the application.</p> <p>Canopy sensors and basal stalk nitrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90N generally under estimated N rate needed to optimize grain yield.</p> <p>Enhanced efficiency fertilizers applied at pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant are not as effective as split applications of urea in irrigated sandy soils.</p> </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0552"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2015.0552", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2015.0552", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2015.0552"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6350&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6350&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6300", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6400", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8391, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T07:02:15.637511Z"}