Integrated weed management (IWM) practices are needed to prevent the development of herbicide\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant weeds and create more robust weed management programs. This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal timing and frequency of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue cultivation in reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) in Pennsylvania. Banded herbicides were applied at planting and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue cultivation frequency ranged from one to three passes. A split\uffe2\uff80\uff90plot assessed the effects of cover crop residue, either cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) in soybean or a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)\uffe2\uff80\uff90triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.) mixture in corn, on weed control and yields. Breakeven analyses were used to evaluate cultivation and cover crop costs. Two cultivator passes reduced weed biomass to 500 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or less and were needed to optimize weed control and prevent yield loss. No weed control or yield benefit was observed with three passes compared to two passes. Cover crop residues increased weed biomass and yield in dry years but suppressed weeds without influencing yields in wet years. In 1 of 3 yr, cover crop establishment costs were offset by 0.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 greater soybean yield with cereal rye residue than without. In 1 of 2 yr, a 0.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 greater corn yield with cover crop residue compared to none offset establishment costs only when legume N credit was substituted for urea fertilizer. This research confirms that banded herbicide application together with high\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue cultivation can achieve yields similar to herbicide\uffe2\uff80\uff90only programs while diversifying weed control tactics.
New integrated weed management approaches are greatly needed in reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage systems to help preempt the continued evolution of herbicide\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant weeds.
High\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue interrow cultivation following banded herbicide application at planting is an in\uffe2\uff80\uff90season weed management program that combines mechanical and chemical weed control tactics. Under conditions of the experiment, two passes with a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue cultivator achieved similar cash crop yield as a post\uffe2\uff80\uff90glyphosate application in soybean and corn. Single\uffe2\uff80\uff90pass treatments usually resulted in higher weed biomass and lower yields than two\uffe2\uff80\uff90pass treatments, and no weed control or crop yield benefit was observed with three passes.
Rolled cereal rye and hairy vetch\uffe2\uff80\uff93triticale cover crop residues increased soybean and corn yields, respectively, in dry years despite increasing weed biomass.
Economic analyses indicated that the benefit to cash crop yield from cover crop residues will not likely exceed establishment costs in every year; however in dry years, residues can increase cash crop yield beyond breakeven levels. The higher seed cost of the hairy vetch\uffe2\uff80\uff93triticale used before corn was able to pay for itself if N provided by the hairy vetch was assumed to offset the cost of urea fertilizer.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William S. Curran, C. L. Keene,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0604"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2015.0604", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2015.0604", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2015.0604"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2015.0581", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-22", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Controlled-Release Urea On Crop Yields And Soil Fertility Under Wheat Corn Double Cropping Systems", "description": "The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea (CRU) on crop yields and soil properties were investigated in lysimeters under wheat and corn rotation system from 2009 to 2014 in northern China. The CRU included polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PCU), sulfur\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (SCU), and polymer coating of sulfur\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PSCU) was applied at 147, 210 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for wheat and 262.5, 375 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for corn and the urea was applied at 210 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for wheat and 375 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for corn. Results showed that the N release characteristics of three kinds of CRU in field condition were all closely matched to the N requirement of crops. Consequently, the CRU treatments improved wheat and corn yields by 3.2 to 10.1% and 4.9 to 11.1%, increased apparent N use efficiency by 45.9 to 53.8% in wheat, and 36.2 to 45.4% in corn, respectively, compared with urea. Furthermore, the PSCU achieved the highest and the most stable crop yields among CRU. Even reducing CRU rate by 30% produced the same yields as with the 100% rate of urea. In addition, soil total N and organic matter contents in CRU were effectively increased in the topsoil of 0 to 20 cm after 5 yr. Therefore, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of CRU had great potential to increase wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn yields, N use efficiency, reduce application frequency, improve soil fertility, decrease the leaching of soil NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and NH4+\uffe2\uff80\uff93N, and also relieve soil pH decreased.
Core Ideas
The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effect of controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea on crop yield and soil chemical properties was studied.
The N release rates of controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea were closely matched to the demand for N during the whole growth periods of crops.
The wheat and corn yields were increased by 3.2 to 10.1% and 4.9 to 11.1% by controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release urea fertilization, compared with urea treatment.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jibiao Geng, Wenkui Zheng, Changling Sui, Xiaofei Tian, Xiuyi Yang, Zhiguang Liu, Chengliang Li, Min Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0581"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2015.0581", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2015.0581", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2015.0581"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.02.0113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-28", "title": "Corn Grain Yield And Soil Properties After 10 Years Of Broiler Litter Amendment", "description": "Use of broiler litter (BL) nutrients for crop production benefits crops, soils, and aids in disposing manure. Understanding corn (Zea mays L.) grain production and soil properties resulting from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term BL amendment helps establish a sustainable manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90based corn production with low environmental risk potential. This study conducted at Bowling Green, KY, during 2005 to 2015 examined effects of supplying N requirement of corn grain crop monoculture by broiler litter (full broiler litter, FBL), 1:1 mixture of BL and inorganic N (half broiler litter rate, HBL), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on corn grain yield and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvest soil properties under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). The FBL produced significantly higher grain yield (10.1 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than the HBL (9.6 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), but similar to CF (9.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The FBL soils had greater cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and total nitrogen (TN) (15.5 cmol kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921; 45 and 2.9 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than the HBL (12.3 cmol kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921; 42.3 and 2.4 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and CF (10.1 cmol kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921; 35.5 and 1.7 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The FBL and HBL soils had 478 and 270 mg P kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921; 15.7 and 9.6 mg Cu kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921; 40.9 and 21.1 mg Zn kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 levels, respectively. Soil pH increased in the FBL, but decreased in CF. Soil nutrient aggregation rate was greater in the NT. Having lower soil nutrient accumulation than FBL and equivalent grain production potential as CF, HBL offers a better option for corn grain production with BL than by FBL.
Core Ideas
This study examined effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term broiler litter amendment on corn grain yield and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvest soil properties.
Broiler litter at full and half rates has similar corn grain production potential as chemical fertilizer.
Broiler litter induced high soil nutrient levels, but levels elevated by half litter rate was not environmentally significant.
No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and conventional tillage treatments have similar agronomic benefits and environmental risks.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Paul B. Woosley, Rebecca A. Gilfillen, Karamat R. Sistani, Naomi S. Rowland, Todd Willian, A. M. P. Netthisinghe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.02.0113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2016.02.0113", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2016.02.0113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2016.02.0113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.04.0200", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-16", "title": "Urease Inhibitor NBPT on Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Productivity: A Meta-Analysis", "description": "Core Ideas
The volatilization losses averaged 31.0% of applied N for urea and 14.8% for NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea.
NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea showed a potential yield increase of 5.3% for major crops.
The effect of NBPT in reducing volatilization losses were reduced under high N rates.
NBPT had a limited effect on increasing yield in coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils and for NBPT rates >1060 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921.
The urease inhibitor N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(n\uffe2\uff80\uff90butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) slows urea hydrolysis, reduces NH3 volatilization loss, and enhances N availability to plants. Even though most studies have proved the potential of NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea to reduce NH3 loss, the benefits to increase crop yield have been less consistent, mainly because N is not always the limiting factor. A meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of soil properties (e.g., soil pH, soil texture, soil organic C [SOC]), N rate, and NBPT concentration on NH3 volatilization loss and crop yield when comparing urea with NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea. Regression analysis indicated cumulative NH3 loss of 31.0 and 14.8% of applied N for urea and NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea, respectively, a 52% reduction in NH3 loss by using the urease inhibitor. The use of NBPT delayed NH3 loss. It took 4.8 and 8.3 d for 50% of the total NH3 loss to occur for urea and NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea, respectively. The meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses indicated that when compared with urea, NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea reduced NH3 volatilization loss across all soil pH classes, soil texture classes, SOC contents, N rates, and NBPT concentrations. The meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis indicated an average crop yield increase of 5.3% for NBPT\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea compared with urea. This trend was observed for all classes of soil pH, SOC content, and N rate, but yield increases were limited in coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils and NBPT rates >1060 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.04.0200"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2016.04.0200", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2016.04.0200", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2016.04.0200"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.07.0402", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-01", "title": "Soil Total Carbon And Crop Yield Affected By Crop Rotation And Cultural Practice", "description": "Core Ideas
Stacked crop rotation and improved cultural practice can control pests.
The effects of such management practices on soil total carbon is lacking.
Effects of crop rotation and cultural practice on STC and crop yield were evaluated.
Crop yield and STC at several depths were lower in stacked than other rotations.
Alternate\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rotation may enhance crop yield and STC compared to other rotations.
Stacked crop rotations and improved cultural practices have been used to control pests, but their impact on soil total carbon (STC) (soil organic carbon [SOC] + soil inorganic carbon [SIC]) and crop yield are lacking. We evaluated the effects of stacked vs. alternate\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rotations and cultural practices on STC at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 125\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth and annualized crop yields from 2005 to 2011 in the northern Great Plains. Stacked rotations were durum (Triticum turgidum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93canola (Brassica napus L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (Pisum sativum L.) (D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffe2\uff80\uff93P) and durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93P). Alternate\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rotations were durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93canola\uffe2\uff80\uff93durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (D\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93P) and durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93flax\uffe2\uff80\uff93durum\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93P). A continuous durum (CD) was used as a reference. Cultural practices were traditional (conventional till, recommended seed rate, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height) and ecological (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, increased seed rate, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height) treatments. Annualized crop biomass residue returned to the soil and grain yield were greater with D\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93P and D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffe2\uff80\uff93P than D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93P and greater with the ecological than the traditional practice. The STC concentration increased with depth and was greater with CD and D\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93P than D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93C\uffe2\uff80\uff93P and D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93P in traditional and ecological practices at 20 to 50 cm. At 50 to 88 cm, STC concentration was greater with D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93P than D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93P in the traditional practice. At 0 to 125 cm, STC content was lower with D\uffe2\uff80\uff90D\uffe2\uff80\uff90F\uffe2\uff80\uff90P than other crop rotations. Stacked rotations, especially D\uffe2\uff80\uff93D\uffe2\uff80\uff93F\uffe2\uff80\uff93P, reduced soil C storage and crop yields compared with alternate\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rotations. For enhancing soil C storage and crop yields, alternate\uffe2\uff80\uff90year crop rotations are recommended.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Plant Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "01 natural sciences", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sainju, Upendra, Lenssen, Andrew, Allen, Brett, Stevens, William, Jabro, Jalal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0402"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2016.07.0402", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2016.07.0402", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0402"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.02.0121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-04", "title": "Effects Of Biochar-Straw On Soil Aggregation, Organic Carbon Distribution, And Wheat Growth", "description": "Exogenous C application can improve the physicochemical properties and fertility of soil. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of biochar (BC) was better than straw for improving soil structure and crop growth. The short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of exogenous C application on the size distribution of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregates, organic C sequestration, and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated on a silty clay loam soil in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China. Biochar and straw were applied at equal C rates: 1, 3, and 10% in straw treatments (Str1.0, Str3.0, and Str10.0, respectively) and 0.8, 2.4, and 8% in BC treatments (BC0.8, BC2.4, and BC8.0, respectively). No\uffe2\uff80\uff90C treatment (CK) was used as the control. The mass proportion of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) was increased by 16.9% in BC2.4 and 45.8% in BC8.0, and soil organic carbon (SOC) was increased by 13.2 to 155.1% on average in the BC treatments when compared with CK. A small quantity of BC (0.8 and 2.4%) increased microbial biomass C content but decreased dissolved organic C content, while a large quantity of BC (8%) had the reverse effects. Wheat yields were increased by 14.9 and 19.1% in BC0.8 and BC2.4, respectively, while they were decreased by 37.3 and 90.1% in Str3.0 and Str10.0, respectively, when compared with CK. Moderately heavy soil BC amendment (e.g., applied rate, 2.4%) is beneficial to soil structure improvement and wheat growth and effective for harmless disposal of excess plant residues in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China.
Core Ideas
Biochar addition enhanced macroaggregate formation and microaggregate agglomeration.
Biochar particles mostly existed in the macroaggregate (>0.25 mm) fractions.
Low and moderate biochar application at 0.8% and 2.4% increased microbial biomass C and wheat yield.
Heavy straw application at 3% and 10% inhibited wheat growth and yield increase.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xu-Dong Wang, Qiang Ji, Zhong-Hui Li, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Shi-xiang Zhao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.02.0121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2016.02.0121", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2016.02.0121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2016.02.0121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.06.0367", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-09", "description": "Core Ideas
Soybean in organic no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till yielded as well as conventional organic.
Corn in organic no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till had lower yield than conventional organic.
A crimped cover crop can cause N immobilization and reduced corn yield.
Organic crop production is dependent on tillage for weed control, but because tillage can lead to decreased levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) alternative management needs to be explored. This study was conducted in Boone County, Missouri, in 2012 to 2014 to determine the effects of three organic production systems and four poultry compost rates on crop yield and SOC on a claypan soil. The production systems included tillage with no cover crop, tillage with a mowed and incorporated cover crop, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till with a crimped cover crop in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn (Zea mays L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Cover crops included cereal rye (Secale cereale L) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.). Compost rates were 0, half the recommended rate, the recommended rate, and 1.5 times the recommended rate. Achieving cover crop biomass sufficient for weed suppression was a challenge when soil fertility declined during the study. Corn yield was reduced 30% in 2013 in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till plots compared to tilled although plant populations were nearly equal, indicating that N immobilization may be significant in crimped cover crops. When there was adequate soil moisture and weed control from the cover crop, soybean grown under organic no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till was competitive with tilled treatments. Optimum timing of cover crop crimping for acceptable weed control was more successful in a soybean system compared with corn. Organic no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till in this study was more successful in soybean and wheat than in corn, when the cover crop biomass was sufficient to suppress weeds.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dara L. Boardman, Newell R. Kitchen, Robert J. Kremer, Timothy M. Reinbott, Kristen S. Veum, Steven Easterby, Kerry M. Clark, Jill S. Staples,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.06.0367"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2016.06.0367", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2016.06.0367", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2016.06.0367"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.07.0411", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-03", "title": "Soil Waterlogging And Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Effects On Corn And Soybean Yields", "description": "Core Ideas
Excessive soil moisture resulting from extreme precipitation events during early spring can often cause decreases in corn grain yields in the midwestern United States.
Each day of waterlogging resulted in an average corn grain yield loss of 0.42 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.72 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2013 and 2014, respectively.
Pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant N fertilizer applications of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea; polymer coated urea, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea+nitrification inhibitor resulted in 19% higher yields compared to the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated control in 2014.
Effects of rescue N fertilizer were seen on soybean yields in the succeeding year after corn, while rescue N affected corn yields only in 2014.
Climatic conditions including rainfall and air temperature had a significant role in crop response to waterlogging and N fertilizer treatments.
In the midwestern United States, excessive soil moisture resulting from extreme precipitation events during early spring can often cause decreases in corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields and escalate N loss. A field trial was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Northeast Missouri to determine the effects of soil waterlogging duration, pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant N and rescue N fertilizer applications on corn and succeeding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] production. Plots were either non\uffe2\uff80\uff90flooded or flooded for durations of 1, 3, or 7 d when corn was at V6 growth stage. Pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant N fertilizer treatments included non\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated control (CO), urea (NCU), urea plus nitrapyrin (NCU+NI), and polymer coated urea (PCU) applied at 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. A rescue N fertilizer application of 0 or 84 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of urea plus N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(n\uffe2\uff80\uff90butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) (NCU+UI) was applied at V10 growth stage. Each day of waterlogging resulted in an average corn grain yield loss of 0.42 and 0.72 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant N fertilizer applications of NCU, PCU, and NCU+NI resulted in 19% higher yields compared to CO in 2014. Effects of rescue N fertilizer were seen on soybean yields in the succeeding year after corn, while rescue N positively affected corn yields only in 2014. These results indicated that rescue N fertilizer applications are not effective if drought conditions occur after its application in corn. Climatic conditions including rainfall and air temperature had a significant role in crop response to waterlogging and N fertilizer treatments.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0411"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2016.07.0411", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2016.07.0411", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0411"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2016.11.0677", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-05", "title": "Impact of Early Sowing on Winter Wheat Receiving Manure or Mineral Fertilizers", "description": "Core Ideas
Grain yield benefits of early sown wheat was 0.5 and 1.0 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for mineral fertilizers and animal manure.
Over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N uptake was 11 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher in early than in timely sown wheat.
At harvest, 19 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 more N was removed in early than in timely sown wheat.
The beneficial effect of early sowing compares to that of N catch crops.
Surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied cattle slurry provides a poor N use efficiency and grain protein.
To reduce over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter nitrate leaching from temperate soil, nitrate catch crops can be grown between main crops. We hypothesize that earlier sowing can replace catch crops sown before winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and improve wheat yields and N uptake. Early sown (late August) and timely sown (late September) wheat were tested over two cropping seasons (2011\uffe2\uff80\uff932012 and 2013\uffe2\uff80\uff932014) using two contemporary cultivars (Hereford and Mariboss) and increasing rates of N (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93300 kg total N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) with animal manure (AM; cattle slurry) or mineral fertilizers (NPK), surface applied in late March. We measured over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N uptake in wheat, harvest yields, and N concentrations in grain and straw. Over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N uptake was 11 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher for early than for timely sown wheat; at harvest this benefit increased to 19 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Mariboss yielded more straw than Hereford whereas grain yields did not differ. Early sowing increased grain yields by 0.5 and 1.0 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for NPK and AM, respectively, regardless of N rate. Grain and straw N concentrations were higher with NPK than with AM, and NPK showed higher N use efficiency (0.48\uffe2\uff80\uff930.53) than AM (0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff930.22). Moving sowing of winter wheat from late September to late August provided higher grain and straw yields; the increased over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N uptake suggests that the beneficial effect of earlier sowing may surpass that of a catch crop. Cattle slurry surface applied in late March gave poor N use efficiency and low grain protein content.Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from field plots on a Plano silt loam soil (Typic Argiudolls) at the University of Wisconsin\uffe2\uff80\uff90Arlington Experimental Farm were measured from the summer of 1979 through autumn 1981. The treatments, selected to give a wide variation in management, were: reduced tillage (till\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant) corn (Zea mays L.); rye (Secale sativa L.) cover; long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stable pH (pH 4.7, 5.1, and 6.7); oat (Avena sativa L.) straw residue; alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) residue; and dairy manure and sewage sludge amendments. Nitrous oxide fluxes, measured by a static chamber technique, were greatest with the manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended and reduced tillage treatments, and were greater in 1980 than in 1979 or 1981. Highest rates of N2O emission were often observed at soil thaw. No significant effects on the emission rate or amount of N2O evolved due to soil pH was observed. Surface N2O fluxes were characterized by a high degree of variation. Mean N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emission rates calculated from measured N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emission rates during annual sampling periods ranged from 1.6 to 38.7 ng N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the treatments sampled. Coefficients of variation for these means ranged from 50% to > 200% and from 100 to 350% for spatial and temporal variability, respectively. Total N2O emissions (kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) for 1980, the most complete sampling period, were: reduced tillage corn, 3.5 in the row and 6.3 between the row; sludge, 1.6; manure, 6.1; alfalfa, 3.2; rye, 1.6; straw, 2.2; pH 4.7, 1.5; pH 5.1, 0.9; pH 6.7, 1.0. These values are similar to those reported in the literature from comparable agricultural sites.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. R. Keeney, L. A. Peterson, L. L. Goodroad,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040010x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040010x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040010x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040010x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1984-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020018x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Selenium Uptake By Some Agricultural Crops From Central California Soils", "description": "AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted to study Se uptake and partitioning by crops grown in five California soils of differing physical and chemical properties. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in soil to which 0, 0.5, and 1.5 mg Se(VI) kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was added. Alfalfa was also grown in four additional soils to which 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 mg Se(VI) kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 had been added. Plants were grown to maturity, separated into plant parts, and analyzed for yield and tissue Se. For the barley, beet, and tomato, the edible portion of the plant contained much less total Se than the generally inedible plant parts. The presence of soluble SO2\uffe2\uff88\uff924 in the soil was the major soil factor in determining Se accumulation by plants. Alfalfa grown in low\uffe2\uff80\uff90SO2\uffe2\uff88\uff924 soil accumulated Se to a concentration 10 to 20 times greater (> 1000 mg Se kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than plants growing in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90SO2\uffe2\uff88\uff924 soil (< 100 mg Se kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921). When exposed to Se(VI) in the root zone, all plants tested were capable of accumulating Se to concentrations potentially harmful to animals.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "H. F. Wan, A. L. Page, R. L. Mikkelsen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020018x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020018x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020018x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020018x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1988-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040026x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "AbstractTwo field sites on a loam soil were established to monitor N2O concentration in the soil atmosphere and rate of emission from the soil surface. The sites were cropped to maize (Zea mays L.) and managed at two high\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels (181 or 237 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Both sites received 168 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as feedlot cattle (Bos taurus) manure (preplant\uffe2\uff80\uff90incorporated) and 13 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as NH4NO3 fertilizer in the row at planting. One site (Site B) received additional soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90incorporated N (56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as urea. Fluctuations in N2O emissions from the two sites were temporally similar, and differed only in magnitude with Site A (no additional fertilizer), emitting about 3.6 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and Site B about 5.2 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, or about 2% of the N applied. Most of the N2O was emitted between mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90June and the end of July when the soil was warm and NH+4\uffe2\uff80\uff90N was present, and at spring thaw (late March the following year) when soils were cold and near water\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated. High N2O emissions during the growing season occurred following precipitation events, and hence were associated with high soil water and probably with the initiation of soil drying. Nitrous oxide production was continuous during winter months, presumably a result of denitrification. The N2O concentration in the profile of the frozen soil increased to high levels (nearly 2000 \uffc2\uffb5L L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N2O at Site B) before spring thaw. At thaw, nearly 330 d after application of the N amendments, an apparent physical release period occurred and N2O flux was far higher (about 50 g N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than at most times during the growing season.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. R. Keeney, R. L. Cates,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040026x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040026x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040026x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040026x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1987-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020026x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Growth And Uptake Of Selenium By Swiss Chard In Acid And Neutral Soils", "description": "AbstractThe absorption of Se by plants in acid and neutral soils in relation to the concentration and chemical form of Se added was studied. Selenate\uffe2\uff80\uff90Se added to an acid soil in amounts equal to or greater than 1.0 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 significantly reduced yields of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla). Selenite\uffe2\uff80\uff90Se, however, added to the acid soil at levels up to 2 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 did not affect yields. Likewise, yields were also unaffected when selenite or selenate was added alone or in combination to a neutral soil at levels up to 2 mg Se kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Amounts of Se absorbed by plants from soils where selenate was added were greater than where selenite was added. Selenate added to the soils was, in part, reduced to selenite during the growth period.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. L. Page, Penchu Zhang, A. C. Chang, T. J. Ganje,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020026x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020026x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020026x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020026x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1988-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800040007x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Herbicide Leaching And Distribution In Tilled And Untilled Soil", "description": "AbstractLeaching and distribution of several pesticides, applied at recommended rates, were evaluated in a Hagerstown silty clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) by analyzing soil fractions and pan lysimeter percolates (PLP) collected at a soil depth of 122 cm under conventional tillage (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) management. In general, maximum herbicide concentrations detected and mean total amounts in PLP were higher in 1985 than 1984 for both CT and NT, and were greater under NT conditions where more leachate was collected each year than in CT. Concentrations and amounts of simazine (6\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, N\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90diethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff901, 3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine\uffe2\uff80\uff902, 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90diamine) and atrazine (6\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90(1\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylethyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine\uffe2\uff80\uff902,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90diamine) were generally more substantial in PLP than cyanazine (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90[[4\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90(ethylamino)\uffe2\uff80\uff901, 3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazin\uffe2\uff80\uff902yl] amino]\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylpropanenitrile), and metolachlor (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylphenyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2\uffe2\uff80\uff90methoxy\uffe2\uff80\uff901\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylethyl) acetamide, particularly under NT conditions. In 1984, mean areal leaching losses (NT) were 0.6% (simazine, atrazine) and 0.15% (cyanazine, metolachlor) of applied rates (1.7 and 2.2 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). In 1985, mean areal losses (NT) were 3.4% (simazine, atrazine) and 1.6% (cyanazine, metolachlor). Respective CT losses were <0.1% (1984) and ranged from 0.4 to 1.0% (1985). Where worst\uffe2\uff80\uff90case conditions were considered (1985), mean leaching losses (simazine, atrazine) were 0.15 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, therefore, at least 91% (1.55 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was retained and/or degraded within the soil profile or in the corn tissue after absorption. Soil core analysis corroborated PLP results revealing that simazine and atrazine were the most persistent and mobile herbicides, and were consistently detected at all soil depths to 122 cm. Differences in the yearly extent and magnitude of leaching losses were related strongly to rainfall distribution and number of leaching events proximal to the herbicide spray date.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "N. L. Hartwig, J. K. Hall, M. R. Murray,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800040007x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800040007x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800040007x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800040007x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1989-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010020x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Mobility Of Agrochemicals Through Soil From 2 Tillage Systems", "description": "AbstractThe fate of agrochemicais is often greatly affected by the surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil conditions in the field. This study was conducted to characterize the impact of two contrasting tillage systems on the movement of agrochemicals in soil. The two tillage systems were plow\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (PT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) for corn (Zea mays L.) production. The study included incubation and leaching of undisturbed soil columns and disturbed soil samples from 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr plots subject to the two tillage regimes. The agrochemicals used in the study were NH4NO3, atrazine (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90isopropylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine\uffe2\uff80\uff902,4 diamine), carbofuran (2,3\uffe2\uff80\uff90dihydro\uffe2\uff80\uff902,2\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff907\uffe2\uff80\uff90benzofuranyl methylcarbamate), diazinon (0,0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 diethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90O\uffe2\uff80\uff90(6\uffe2\uff80\uff90methyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90 2(1\uffe2\uff80\uff90methethyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90pryamidinyl phosphor\uffe2\uff80\uff90 othioate), and metolachlor (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylphenyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2\uffe2\uff80\uff90metoxy\uffe2\uff80\uff901\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylethyl) acetamide). The results of this study show greater ponded flow movement of all agrochemicais in soils under PT vs. NT conditions. Strong evidence was found for preferential flow through the soil, with the chemicals by\uffe2\uff80\uff90passing much of the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90matrix under recently plowed soils as well as NT soils. Nitrate leaching was significantly greater under PT than NT, apparently due to greater mineralizing activity of the PT soil compared with the NT soil. The pesticide movement also tended to be greater under PT than NT. Caution should be exercised in generalizing to field conditions, but these data suggest that there can be greater leaching losses of surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied agrochemicals to groundwater under PT than under NT.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. Levanon, John J. Meisinger, Eton E. Codling, J. L. Starr,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010020x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010020x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010020x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010020x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010017x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Land Use And Soil Nitrogen Status In A Tropical Pacific Island Environment", "description": "AbstractThe rapid rate of land development in the Micronesian Region of the Pacific Ocean has raised public concern over the effects of land disturbance and land use on potential NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923 pollution and other longterm impacts on soil properties. Our objective was to compare the soil N status and other soil chemical and physical properties of several land use sites on Guam, including an area under secondary forest vegetation, an area under continuous cultivation, an area recently cleared for agriculture, and an abandoned agricultural area. Continuous agricultural cultivation over a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period increased soil bulk density and soil pH and lowered water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity, organic C, total N, and N mineralization compared with soil in a forested site. Soil organic N fractions, including microbial biomass N and particulate organic matter N, were reduced by the mixing effects of tillage in the cultivated site. Initial clearing of vegetation increased bulk density and pH but did not decrease soil organic C and N compared with the forest site. Soil at an agricultural site that had been abandoned for an 11\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period did not return to levels of organic C, total N, and N mineralization observed in the forest and cleared sites. These results suggest that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage has a significant impact on soil properties in this tropical island environment, including reducing active and stable N pools. However, the significance of these changes on NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923 leaching is unclear because of alterations in soil properties affecting both soil water movement and other N processes.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. McConnell, P. P. Motavalli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010017x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010017x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010017x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010017x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040011x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "AbstractEvaluation of microbial populations and activities, and their relationship to N cycling in soils under organic and conventional farm management was conducted in eastern Nebraska in 1981 and 1982, on an experiment initiated in 1975. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 \uffc3\uff97 4 factorial with three management systems (organic, fertilizer only, and fertilizer plus herbicide) for a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grain/legume crop rotation plus one treatment of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) receiving fertilizer, herbicide, and insecticide (including one subplot without insecticide). Soil physical, chemical, and microbiological characterizations were made at soil depth intervals of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm. Soil chemical properties were significantly influenced by chemical management, primarily the application of beef (Bos taurus) feedlot manure in the organic management system. Total organic C, Kjeldahl N, and potentially mineralizable N in manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff937.5 cm) were 22 to 40% greater than nonmanured soils receiving fertilizer and/or herbicide. Soluble P levels were eightfold greater in manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended surface soils, and soil nitrate levels after harvest in 1981 were two\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to threefold greater to a depth of 30 cm than nonmanured chemical treatments. Soil microbial biomass, bacterial and fungal counts, dehydrogenase activity, and CO2 evolution were greater in soils planted to oat/clover (Avena sativa L./Trifolium pratense L. + Melilotus officinalis Lam.) and treatments receiving manure. Increases in microbial populations and their activities paralleled increases in soil organic C content, Kjeldahl N, and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore space. Differences in N2 fixation and denitrification between crops and management systems were minimal\uffe2\uff80\uff94possibly resulting from suboptimal water availability at midseason sampling. No significant differences were found in measured soil physical, chemical, or biological properties due to herbicide or insecticide at field application rates.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. G. Fraser, W. W. Sahs, John W. Doran, G. W. Lesoing,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040011x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040011x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040011x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040011x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1988-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030031x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Assessment Of Management-Practices For Reducing Pesticide Runoff From Sloping Cropland In Illinois", "description": "AbstractThe influence of tillage system and contouring practice on runoff of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied alachlor [2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uffb2,6\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90diethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], carbofuran (2,3\uffe2\uff80\uff90dihydro\uffe2\uff80\uff902,2\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff907\uffe2\uff80\uff90benzofuranyl methylcarbamate), and terbufos (S\uffe2\uff80\uff90[(tert\uffe2\uff80\uff90butylthio)methyl] O,O\uffe2\uff80\uff90diethyl phosphorodithioate) from small plots (30 m2) were studied using a rainfall simulator. Plots were planted in corn (Zea mays L.) in 1983, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 1984, and corn in 1985. Runoff was measured during a 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90min event with a rainfall intensity of 63 mm/h. During 1984, moldboard\uffe2\uff80\uff90plowed and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems were studied with rows oriented on the contour or up\uffe2\uff80\uff90and\uffe2\uff80\uff90down slope (7\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% slope). Compared to moldboard plow, up\uffe2\uff80\uff90and\uffe2\uff80\uff90down slope no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and contouring significantly reduced runoff of carbofuran and alachlor. Percentage of applied carbofuran lost in runoff and sediment ranged from 1% (contoured moldboard) to 11% (up\uffe2\uff80\uff90and\uffe2\uff80\uff90down slope moldboard). Percentage of applied alachlor lost ranged from 1% (contoured no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) to 2% (contoured moldboard). During 1985, the effects of row orientation were evaluated on moldboard\uffe2\uff80\uff90plow, chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90plow, ridge\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems. Under up\uffe2\uff80\uff90and\uffe2\uff80\uff90down slope conditions, runoff of alachlor and terbufos plus two metabolites (terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone) was significantly reduced by strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (<1% loss) compared to moldboard\uffe2\uff80\uff90plow (6% loss). Larger losses of alachlor (2% of applied) from up\uffe2\uff80\uff90and\uffe2\uff80\uff90down slope no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than from the other conservation tillage systems (1% or less) was attributed to high concentrations in runoff associated with extensive washoff of the herbicide from soybean crop residues. With contouring, ridge tillage also was effective in reducing pesticide runoff (<1% of applied pesticide), and strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till held losses to <0.1%. Alachlor and carboforan were translocated from plots largely in moving water, but terbufos and metabolites were recovered mainly in eroded sediment. Although, no conservation tillage system completely eliminated pesticide runoff, losses were most effectively minimized by contoured strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, which controlled both water and sediment movement.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Allan S. Felsot, Ann L. Kenimer, J. Kent Mitchell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030031x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030031x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030031x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030031x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1990-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040011x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Influence Of Freeze-Thaw And Flooding On The Loss Of Soluble Organic-Carbon And Carbon-Dioxide From Soil", "description": "AbstractFreeze\uffe2\uff80\uff90thaw and flooding significantly affected the loss of water soluble organic carbon (SOC) and carbon dioxide carbon (C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2) from a well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained Black Chernozemic soil (Udic Boroll) in a leaching\uffe2\uff80\uff90incubation study. At the end of 12 wk, the total loss of SOC was 90, 107, 399, and 224 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for soils with normal (incubated at field capacity moisture), freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff90thaw, flooding and flooding\uffe2\uff80\uff90freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff90thaw treatments, respectively. The E4/E6 values of the leachates obtained from the four treatments ranged from 10 to 32, suggesting that SOC in the leachates was mainly low molecular weight in nature. The rate of the SOC leaching changed over time and the amount of SOC leached from the flooded treatments reached a maximum in the middle of the incubation period. In contrast, the rate of SOC leaching for unflooded treatments appeared little changed with no distinctive rate maximum. The cumulative loss of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 and total C (sum of SOC and C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2) from the treatments decreased in the order of flooding > normal > flooding\uffe2\uff80\uff90freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff90thaw > freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff90thaw. The rates of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 evolution decreased with time for the freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff90thaw treated soils whereas the rate of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 evolved from the normal treatment initially decreased and then increased after 8 wk of incubation, suggesting transient kinetics for the system. For the flooding treatment, the rate of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 evolution showed a similar pattern to that of SOC leaching. There was a high linear correlation between the cumulative C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 evolved and SOC leached from the soil.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. R. Bettany, F. L. Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040011x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040011x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040011x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040011x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060019x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Chemical Movement In Relation To Tillage System And Simulated Rainfall Intensity", "description": "AbstractThe Piedmont region in the southeastern USA is characterized by sloping, crust\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone soils conducive to runoff losses of agricultural chemicals. Three tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue management systems were compared for their effect on concentrations of atrazine [2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90isopropylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine], metolachlor [2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylphenyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2\uffe2\uff80\uff90methoxy\uffe2\uff80\uff901\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylethyl) acetamide], and bromide in surface runoff and in the soil profile of a Pacolet sandy clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults). These systems included conventional tillage (CT), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage grain production with corn (Zea mays L.) residue (NTG), and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage silage production without residue (NTS). The first simulated rainfall event consisted of a low (1.27 cm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or high (5.08 cm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) rainfall rate applied for 30 min following herbicide and bromide application. One week later, the high rate was simulated on all plots. The CT treatment generally produced less surface runoff, and accompanying lower chemical concentrations, compared with both no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage treatments on the first date. Runoff differences due to tillage system were less on the second date because of surface sealing processes under CT. Averaged over 2 yr, the percentage of applied atrazine lost on the first runoff event was 6.2% for NTG, 4.4% for NTS, and 1.5% for CT. Losses of atrazine in runoff on the second date were 1.5, 1.4, and 1.0% of that applied for NTG, NTS, and CT, respectively. The surface 7.5 cm of soil contained the highest concentrations of chemicals for all treatments, with treatment differences occurring primarily in the surface 0 to 15 cm of soil. Lower runoff values under CT generally resulted in higher soil chemical concentrations.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. B. Leidy, J. L. Myers, M. G. Wagger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060019x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060019x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060019x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060019x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030024x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Atrazine Loss In Runoff From No-Tillage And Chisel-Tillage Systems On A Houston Black Clay Soil", "description": "AbstractHerbicide concentration and mass load of runoff depends, to a large extent, on soil management. This study was conducted to determine how tillage impacts herbicide losses in runoff from a vertisol soil on the Blackland Prairie of Texas. Atrazine [6\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90(1\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylethyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine\uffe2\uff80\uff902,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90diamine] was applied at a rate of 2 kg a.i. ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 to a Houston Black clay soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellustert) in 1993 at the Blackland Research Center in Temple, TX. For 4 yr, the test area was under continuous management using a wide\uffe2\uff80\uff90bed system with a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] rotation. Tillage treatments consisted of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage or chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage. All experiments were repeated four times. A rainfall simulator with an intensity of 12.5 cm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was used to apply rainfall 24 h after the atrazine application. Sediment and runoff samples were collected during five time periods (from runoff initiation to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30, and 30 to 40 min). No differences in atrazine concentrations were found among treatments in either the runoff water or sediment from any of the five time periods; however, crop residues prevented surface seal development and erosion resulting in reduced runoff and sediment losses. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage treatments significantly reduced runoff and sediment yield, rather than the atrazine concentration of the runoff, resulting in a 42% decrease of the atrazine load in the runoff and a 77% decrease in atrazine associated with the sediment. As a percentage of the total amount applied, runoff accounted for <2% of the atrazine. Sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90transported atrazine was much less important and represented <0.03% of the total amount applied.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K. N. Potter, J. E. Morrison, H. A. Torbert, D. J. Pantone,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030024x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030024x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030024x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030024x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From Manure-Amended Soil Under Maize", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O) emissions by agricultural soils are influenced by farming practices. The application of manure to cultivated land modifies soil microbial activity by supplying additional quantities of C and N and changing soil physical and chemical properties. Nitrous oxide fluxes at the surface of a soil under maize (Zea mays L.) amended with dairy cattle manure were measured from April to October 1993 using closed chambers. The manure application rates were 0, 56, and 112 Mg ha{sup {minus}1} corresponding to 0. 170, and 339 kg ha{sup {minus}1} of total N, respectively. Nitrate and NH{sub 4}{sup +} were measured in soil samples obtained at the same time that gas flux measurements were made. Nitrous oxide concentrations in the soil profile were quantified by sampling soil air at depths of 5 and 15 cm using stationary air probes. On the manured plots 67% of the total N{sub 2}O emitted during the growing season occurred during the first 7 wk following manure application. Fluxes of N{sub 2}O occurred in episodes with maxima that ranged from 0.070 mg m{sup {minus}2} h{sup {minus}1} on the soil without manure amendment to 0.171 and 0.494 mg M{sup {minus}2} h{sup {minus}1} on soils that had receivedmore\u00a0\u00bb the low and high rates of manure, respectively. These high fluxes coincided with periods when NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}-N levels and soil water contents were relatively high. Fluxes were highest the first day after manure application and returned to near pre-application levels 7 d later. This episode was followed by short-lived peaks of N{sub 2}O flux that usually followed periods of rain. 34 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.\u00ab\u00a0less", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Of Wheat: Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "The predicted positive impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration on crop biomass production suggests that more C will reach the soil. An aspect of soil C sequestration that requires further study is the effect of elevated CO 2 on C and N dynamics; this relationship is the key to understanding potential long-term C storage in soil. Soil samples (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm increments) were collected after 2 yr of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under two CO 2 levels [370 (ambient) and 550 \u03bcL L -1 (free-air CO 2 enrichment)(FACE)] and two water treatments [100% of ET replaced (wet) and 50% of ET replaced (dry)] on a Trix clay loam [fine, loamy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents] at Maricopa, AZ. Organic C, total N, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were determined during a 60-d incubation study. Organic C content increased at all three soil depths under FACE and the total N content increased at the 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths. In general, increased N mineralization under dry conditions corresponded well with patterns of higher C mineralization and turnover. Nitrogen mineralization was unaffected by CO 2 treatment, indicating that factors other than N may limit C mineralization and turnover. Soil respiration and C turnover patterns were not affected by CO 2 treatment level at the 0 to 5 cm depth; however, these measures were lower under FACE at the lower depths. Soil respiration and C turnover at the 10 to 20 cm depth were increased by water stress under ambient Co 2 ;these measures under both water levels for FACE were similar to the ambient CO 2 /wet treatment, suggesting that more C storage in wheat cropping systems is likely under elevated CO 2 regardless of water treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Impact Of Alternative Farm Management Practices On Nitrogen Pollution Of Groundwater: Evaluation And Application Of Century Model", "description": "AbstractAn important environmental issue for Canadian agriculture is groundwater\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pollution. Addressing this issue requires understanding the impact of farm management practices on nitrate leaching, but empirical studies are limited by resource and time constraints. The CENTURY model was adapted to southwestern Ontario agricultural conditions and then used to predict short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of crop choice and crop rotation pattern, fertilizer management, and tillage practice on N leaching. CENTURY model evaluation suggests that aboveground C production (translated into grain yield) and N leaching predicted by CENTURY provide good representation of results from actual field\uffe2\uff80\uff90measured data. Results suggest that relative reduction in groundwater\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leached is markedly greater at higher rates of fertilizer application than at lower (below the maximum economic rate of N fertilization) rates. Although tillage may not dramatically affect N leaching, other farm management practices such as crop type and crop rotation choice, along with the carry\uffe2\uff80\uff90over effects of these management activities on mineralization of soil organic matter, may have a significant effect on N leaching from the root zone.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "AbstractAsh from the bark\uffe2\uff80\uff90fueled power boiler at International Paper's Georgetown mill was applied in a column study and a field trial to test land application. Tested application rates were 11, 22, and 44 Mg/ha of ash per rotation. The soil column study found a flush of cations, primarily K and Ca, with the initial 76 cm of 10\uffe2\uff88\uff925 M oxalic acid leachate. Soils collected after field applications also had higher concentrations of exchangeable K and Ca in the surface soil. Concentrations were disproportionately larger with higher rates. There was little change in concentrations at 45\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths and surface soils returned to near control levels on all sites, except those with the highest rate, within 60 wk. Groundwater samples showed very small differences that were only significant and consistent for Ca, K, and SO4. Heavy metal levels were near detection levels throughout the study. None of the application rates had an effect on groundwater that would compromise drinking water standards. Bark boiler ash, at application rates tested, appears to be safe on moderately well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained Atlantic Coastal Plain soils. The soil changes observed suggest ash application could be used to partially replace cations removed during harvest of short rotation pine plantations.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas M. Williams, Charles A. Hollis, Bill R. Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Soil Emissions Of Nitric Oxide And Nitrous Oxide From Injected Anhydrous Ammonium And Urea", "description": "This study characterizes soil emissions of NO and N{sub 2}O from banded applications of anhydrous ammonium (AA) and urea over the period from 6 May 1994 to 12 September 1994 from a losses soil in western Tennessee. The N application rate for both sources was 168 kg ha{sup {minus}1}. Fertilizer type strongly influenced emissions of N{sub 2}O (F = 231; P = 0.0001) and NO (F = 69; P = 0.0001). During the 129 d measurement period, the AA treatment lost 12.33 Kg of N{sub 2}O-N or 7.33% of the applied N. The N{sub 2}O-N loss from the urea treatment was about one-half that from AA; 6.34 kg ha{sup {minus}1} or 3.77% of the applied N. Loss of NO-N from both treatment was small compared with N{sub 2}O-N loss. The urea treatment lost 0.27 kg ha{sup {minus}1} as NO-N and the AA treatment lost 0.2 kg ha{sup {minus}1} during the study period. While the measured loss rate of N{sub 2}O-N from AA is similar to previous literature estimates, our values for urea are 20 to 40 times greater than the current literature reports of N{sub 2}O-N loss of 0.1 to 0.2% of the urea applied. Higher N{sub 2}O losses frommore\u00a0\u00bb urea in this study may be related to the fact that urea was banded below the soil surface, whereas urea has been broadcast on the soil surface in other N{sub 2}O emissions studies. 31 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.\u00ab\u00a0less", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Donald D. Tyler, Bert R. Bock, F. C. Thornton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Biogeochemical Cycling Following Planting To Red Pine On A Sandy Prairie Soil", "description": "Native prairies in the Lower Wisconsin River Valley provide a means of comparing nutrient cycling patterns across undisturbed and managed ecosystems. Bulk precipitation, throughfall, and soil solutions at three depths were collected from August 1991 to December 1993 at three study sites (native prairie and native prairie planted to 30 and 40-year-old red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.). Elemental input-output balances were calculated from water chemistry data and from water balances using chloride as a tracer. Concentrations of cations and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution were greater in the conifer plantations than in the prairie ecosystem. Inorganic acid concentrations were only slightly higher under pine than under prairie, suggesting that the greater cation leaching under pine vegetation was dependent on DOC contributed by throughfall and leaching from the forest floor. There was a small net gain in Mg and losses in Ca, K, and S in the prairie ecosystem. There was a net loss in all elements from the pine ecosystem, and losses were greater than from the prairie. The greater losses in Mg, K, and S from the pine ecosystem are attributed to interception of dry deposition by the tree canopy. Sulfur contributed by dry deposition to the pine ecosystem was mainly returned to the forest floor as organic S and oxidized to SO 2- 4 as solutions passed through the soil profile. In contrast, greater Ca losses under pine than under prairie are attributed to increased weathering due to afforestation.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sylvie A. Quideau, J. G. Bockheim,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Management Practices To Conserve Soil Nitrate In Maize Production Systems", "description": "AbstractResidual soil N following maize (Zea mays L.) harvest is susceptible to leaching over winter. There is no available information regarding the combination of intercropping system and water table control to conserve soil N in maize production systems. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study was conducted to examine the effects of cropping systems (monocrop maize, and maize intercropped with annual Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum Lam.]) and water table controls (free drainage, or subirrigation to establish water table depths at 70 and 80 cm below the soil surface) on conserving soil N, under climatic and soil conditions of southwestern Qu\uffc3\uffa9bec. The resulting six treatments were fertilized in the spring with 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The effects of adding fertilizer at 0, 180, and 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on monocrop maize with free drainage were also investigated. Soil cores of 1 m in depth were collected in the spring and fall of 1993 and 1994. In 1993, intercropping decreased the amount of NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N in the top 1 m of the soil profile by 47% (92.3 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) relative to monocropped maize at harvest time. Water table depth had less effect on soil NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N content than cropping system. Both increasing water table depth and monocrop maize enhanced downward movement of NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N during the growing season and following spring. More NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N was present in freely drained subsoil under maize given 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 than under maize given 180 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. F. MacKenzie, Donald L. Smith, Xiaomin Zhou, J. Wambua Kaluli, Chandra A. Madramootoo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Selenium Uptake By Plants From Soils Amended With Inorganic And Organic Materials", "description": "AbstractDepending on its concentration and chemical form, Se functions as an essential element or potential toxicant to humans, livestock, and waterfowl. Application of seleniferous organic materials to soils may increase plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available Se content and pose health hazards. This study assessed Se uptake by two successive plantings of canola (Brassica napus cv. Westar) and multiple clippings of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L. cv. Fawn) grown in soils [Hanford sandy loam (coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Durixeralfs) and Panoche clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Torriorthents)] amended with 1.5 mg Se kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil as inorganic selenate (Se O42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) or seleniferous organic materials [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Astragalus praelongus, or cattle (Bos tauris) manure] under growth chamber conditions. Tissues of canola and tall fescue accumulated much greater concentrations of Se from the inorganic SeO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92 treatment compared to the treatments with seleniferous organic materials. The addition of crop residue or animal manure to the SeO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated soils considerably reduced Se accumulation by both plant species. In soils amended with seleniferous organic materials, more than 80% of the Se remained in soils after two plantings of canola and all clippings of tall fescue. The slow release of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available Se in soils amended with seleniferous organic materials suggests the use of these materials to control the concentrations of Se in crops grown on nonseleniferous soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Selenium", "660", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mass Import - autoclassified (may be erroneous)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ajwa, H.A., Ba\u00f1uelos, G.S., Mayland, H.F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Soil Carbon Inventories Under A Bioenergy Crop (Switchgrass): Measurement Limitations", "description": "AbstractApproximately 5 yr after planting, coarse root (>2 mm) carbon (C) and soil organic C (SOC) inventories (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm deep) were compared under different types of plant cover at four switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) production field trials in the southeastern USA. There was significantly (p \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.05) more coarse root C under switchgrass (Alamo variety) and forest cover than under tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), corn (Zea mays L.), or native pastures of mixed grasses. Inventories of SOC under switchgrass were not significantly greater than SOC inventories under other plant covers. At some locations the statistical power associated with ANOVA of SOC inventories was low, which raised questions about whether differences in SOC could be detected statistically. A minimum detectable difference (MDD) for SOC inventories was calculated. The MDD is the smallest detectable difference between treatment means once the variation, significance level, statistical power, and sample size are specified. The analysis indicated that a difference of \uffe2\uff89\uff8850 mg SOC/cm2 or 5 Mg SOC/ha, which is \uffe2\uff89\uff8810 to 15% of existing SOC, could be detected with reasonable sample sizes (n = 16) and good statistical power (1 \uffe2\uff88\uff92 \uffce\uffb2 = 0.90). The smallest difference in SOC inventories that can be detected, and only with exceedingly large sample sizes (n > 100), is \uffe2\uff89\uff882 to 3% (\uffe2\uff89\uff8810 mg SOC/cm2 or 1 Mg SOC/ha). These measurement limitations have implications for monitoring and verification of proposals to ameliorate increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentrations by sequestering C in soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Filter Strip Performance And Processes For Different Vegetation, Widths, And Contaminants", "description": "AbstractFilter strips are widely prescribed to reduce contaminants in surface runoff from agricultural fields. This study compared performance of different filter strip designs on several contaminants and evaluated the contributing processes. Different vegetation types and widths were investigated using simulated runoff event on large plots (3 m \uffc3\uff97 7.5 or 15 m) having fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soil and a 6 to 7% slope. Filter strips 7.5 and 15 m wide downslope greatly reduced concentrations of sediment in runoff (76\uffe2\uff80\uff9393%) and contaminants strongly associated with sediment (total P, 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9379%; permethrin, 27\uffe2\uff80\uff9383% [(3\uffe2\uff80\uff90phenoxyphenyl) methyl (\uffc2\uffb1)\uffe2\uff80\uff90cis, trans\uffe2\uff80\uff903\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2,2\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloroethenyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff902,2\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimethyicyclopropanecarboxylate]). They had less effect on concentrations of primarily dissolved contaminants [atrazine, \uffe2\uff88\uff925\uffe2\uff80\uff9343% (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90isopropylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff90s\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine); alachlor, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9361% [2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uffb26\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90diethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(methoxymethyl) acetanilide]; nitrate, 24\uffe2\uff80\uff9348%; dissolved P, 19\uffe2\uff80\uff9343%; bromide, 13\uffe2\uff80\uff9331%]. Dilution of runoff by rainfall accounted for most of the reduction of concentration of dissolved contaminants. Infiltration (36\uffe2\uff80\uff9382% of runoff volume) substantially reduced the mass of contaminants exiting the filter strips. Doubling filter strip width from 7.5 to 15 m doubled infiltration and dilution, but did not improve sediment settling. Young trees and shrubs planted in the lower one\uffe2\uff80\uff90half of otherwise grass strips had no impact on filter performance. Compared with cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grass clearly reduced concentrations of sediment and associated contaminants in runoff, but not volume of runoff and concentration of dissolved contaminants. Settling, infiltration, and dilution processes can explain performance differences among pollutant types and filter strip designs.
", "keywords": ["filter", "processes", "Natural Resources Management and Policy", "widths", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "strip", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "contaminants", "Other Environmental Sciences", "performance", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Schmitt, T. J., Dosskey, M. G., Hoagland, K. D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "AbstractThe impact of organic production practices on soil quality indicators, for selected farms in Nebraska and North Dakota, were evaluated to better understand their effects on soil quality and sustainability. Conventional production practices were the standard to which the effects of organic production were compared. Five organic and conventional farms, matched by soil type, were chosen for the study. Soil properties recognized as basic soil quality indicators were measured on each farm at depths of 0 to 7.6 and 0 to 30.5 cm. Averaged across locations, there was 22% more organic C (12 571 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 20% more total N (970 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on organic farms than conventional farms in the surface 30.5 cm. At four of five locations, organic farms had soil pH closer to neutral, lower bulk density, and higher available\uffe2\uff80\uff90water holding capacity, microbial biomass C and N, and soil respiration as compared with conventional farms. Nutrient levels above crop needs were observed in both organic and conventional farms indicating the potential for negative environmental impacts. Despite this, organic farms often had more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation) relative to NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N in the surface 30.5 cm. For conditions of this study, the capacity of organic production practices to improve soil quality was mainly due to use of more diverse crop sequences, application of organic amendments, and less frequent tillage.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Soil Fluxes Of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, And Methane At A Productive Temperate Deciduous Forest", "description": "AbstractWe measured CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes between soils and the atmosphere in ambient and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90addition plots at a productive black cherry\uffe2\uff80\uff90sugar maple forest in northwest Pennsylvania to examine the link between N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling and trace gas fluxes. Fluxes were estimated the using in\uffe2\uff80\uff90situ chambers. Net annual N mineralization was 121.0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and net nitrification was 85.8 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, or 71% of net mineralization. Carbon dioxide (5.09 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) efflux and CH4 uptake (8.90 kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were among the highest rates reported for temperate deciduous forests. Emissions of N2O (0.228 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were within the range of rates reported elsewhere, including locations with lower rates of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling. A short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term study (May\uffe2\uff80\uff93Oct.) showed that N fertilization reduced both CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake (CO2 by 19%; CH4 by 24%). N2O effluxes in fertilized plots were not different from control plots. The relatively high rate of soil respiration corresponded to a high rate of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling; however, N2O emissions were not substantially greater than those measured at other locations, suggesting that rapid N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling or N additions in temperate forests do not necessarily result in large emissions of N2O. Concurrent rapid rates of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling and high rates of CH4 uptake did not support the hypothesis that N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling rates directly control CH4 uptake. Links between N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling and CH4 oxidation are complex; the influence of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling on flux rates must consider not only the rate of cycling, but also the disposition of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling products, and the factors that influence rates of N dynamics.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G. Rullo, R. D. Bowden, G. R. Stevens, P. A. Steudler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To Clipping And Grazing In A Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "AbstractSoil\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface CO2 flux (Fs) is an important component in prairie C budgets. Although grazing is common in grasslands, its effects on Fs have not been well documented. Three clipping treatments: (i) early\uffe2\uff80\uff90season clipping (EC); (ii) full\uffe2\uff80\uff90season clipping (FC); and (iii) no clipping (NC); which represented two grazing strategies and a control, were applied to plots in a tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas, USA. Measurements of Fs were made with a portable gas\uffe2\uff80\uff90exchange system at weekly to monthly intervals for 1 yr. Concurrent measurements of soil temperature and volumetric soil water content at 0.1 m were obtained with dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90probe heat\uffe2\uff80\uff90capacity sensors. Measurements of Fs also were obtained in grazed pastures. Fs ranged annually from 8.8 \uffc3\uff97 10\uffe2\uff88\uff923 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 S\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during the winter to 0.51 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during the summer, following the patterns of soil temperature and canopy growth and phenology. Clipping typically reduced Fs 21 to 49% by the second day after clipping despite higher soil temperatures in clipped plots. Cumulative annual Fs were 4.94, 4.04, and 4.11 kg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in NC, EC, and FC treatments, respectively; thus, dipping reduced annual Fs by 17.5%. Differences in Fs between EC and FC were minimal, suggesting that different grazing strategies had little additional impact on annual Fs. Daily Fs in grazed pastures was 20 to 37% less than Fs in ungrazed pastures. Results suggest that grazing moderates Fs during the growing season by reducing canopy photosynthesis and slowing translocation of carbon to the rhizosphere.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Leaching Of Total Nitrogen From Nitrogen-15-Labeled Poultry Manure And Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer", "description": "AbstractField lysimeters containing an undisturbed sandy soil were used to evaluate leaching of manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N over 3 yr. Manure labeled with 15N (poultry excreta), which was either fresh or had been decomposed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, was applied in May during the first year at a rate corresponding to 100 kg total N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. For comparison, labeled 15NH415NO3 (100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was applied simultaneously to additional lysimeters while others were left unfertilized. During the second and third year, all lysimeters, except the unfertilized ones, received unlabeled NH4NO3 at a rate of 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Each year, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was seeded prior to fertilization. Based on the difference method, leaching of total N during the first year was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between lysimeters treated with NH4NO3, fresh manure, and anaerobic manure, but lower from those with aerobic manure. Regarding leaching of residual manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N estimated with the 15N method, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the NH4NO3 fertilized and manured lysimeters. As much as 19, 28, and 26% leached in the treatments with fresh, anaerobically, and aerobically decomposed manure, respectively, whereas only about 3% leached in the NH4NO3 fertilized lysimeters in the two subsequent years. The crop uptake of labeled N were smaller in the manured lysimetcrs than in the NH4NO3 fertilized lysimeters. These results suggest that there is a greater potential for N leaching in the longterm from animal manures than from inorganic N fertilizers.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Holger Kirchmann, Lars Bergstr\u00f6m,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Nitrogen Management Impacts On Yield And Nitrate Leaching In Inbred Maize Systems", "description": "AbstractLittle information is available regarding N management of inbred maize (Zea mays L.), which exports less N than hybrid maize. Nitrate contamination of the groundwater has been a concern in St Joseph County in southwest Michigan where >20 000 ha of seed maize are grown on sand and sandy loam soils. Over application of N fertilizer potentially reduces profits of the local growers and poses a threat to the environment. A field experiment was conducted from 1990 to 1994 to estimate N fertilizer requirements of three different inbred varieties for maximizing yields while minimizing ground water pollution. Yield and N content of grain and stover were analyzed at the end of each growing season. Nitrate leaching was monitored throughout the 5 yr of study by collecting and analyzing drainage flows out of five large field lysimeters. Grain yield was the least responsive to N fertilization, compared with stover biomass, and grain and stover N concentrations. Analyses of yield, NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching and soil N balance indicated that the appropriate fertilization of the P38 mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90season inbred approximated 108 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Nitrate leaching out of unfertilized plots reached a threshold of 12 to 15 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, during the last 2 yr of treatment. Application of 101 and 202 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 generated an average annual loss of 26 and 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, during the last 2 yr of treatment.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-08", "title": "Crop Diversification Effects on Soil Aggregation and Aggregate-Associated Carbon and Nitrogen in Short-Term Rainfed Olive Groves under SemiaridMediterranean Conditions", "description": "Soil particle aggregation and their associated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content can provide valuable diagnostic indicators of changes in soil properties in response to the implementation of different agricultural management practices. In this sense, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of intercropping on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools in aggregates. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect (4 years) of three crop diversifications in rainfed olive orchards on soil aggregation, SOC and TN concentration and SOC stocks (SOC-S) under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. Olive orchards were diversified with Crocus sativus (D-S), Vicia sativa and Avena sativa in rotation (D-O) and Lavandula x intermedia (D-L) and compared with monocropping system (CT). Soil samples were collected at two depths (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) and analysed for soil aggregate mass, SOC and TN content in aggregate-size fractions obtained by the wet-sieving method. Changes caused by crop diversifications on SOC-S were also determined. Overall, after 4 years, a reduction in aggregation values was observed. However, D-S increased the macroaggregates (>250 \uffce\uffbcm) percentage, Mean Weigh Diameter values, and Geometric Mean Value in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm. Across treatments, aggregate-associated C in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm was higher in the D-S treatment, while in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm soil layer, the greatest values were found in CT. Regarding the SOC-S, after 4 years, significant losses were recorded under CT management in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.21 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.84 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), while D-O and D-L showed similar values to those obtained at the beginning of the study. The highest increases in SOC-S were found in D-S, with an increase of 5.88% in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm and 14.47% in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm. Our results showed the high potential of the diversified cropping system to increase soil stability and SOC sequestration.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aggregate-associated organic carbon", "Intercropping", "olive orchards", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aggregate-associated organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "intercropping", "Olive orchards", "olive orchards; intercropping; aggregate-associated organic carbon", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/7/618/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/7/618/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070618"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae8070618"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Nitrate Leaching And Nitrogen Budget As Affected By Maize Nitrogen Rate And Soil Type", "description": "AbstractLeaching loss as nitrate (NO3) is a growing concern because of its potential effect on water resources. Leaching of NO3 with drainage water from subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained field plots seeded to maize (Zea mays L.) in 1992, 1993, and 1994 was measured on two soil types (a clay loam and a loamy sand) and for three N fertilization rates (22, 100, and 134 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The 100 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate was based on the results of a presidedress nitrate test (PSNT). Nitrate nitrogen (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N) leaching was similar between fertilizer N treatments at both sites in 1992, the first year after sod plowdown, but concentrations were greater than 10 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921. For the subsequent two years, losses were similar for the 22 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and the PSNT\uffe2\uff80\uff90based treatments, but significantly higher for the 134 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment on the clay loam. On the loamy sand, losses increased from the lowest to the highest N rate. Nitrate leaching losses were consistently higher on the loamy sand than on the clay loam. The N budget results showed that the 134 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate had the highest residual soil NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N in the three years at both sites. On the clay loam, significant N losses occurred from denitrification following alfalfa plowdown and the subsequent fall and spring. Results indicate that N use efficiency rapidly decreases with overfertilization, even with N fertilization rates that only slightly exceed (134%) crop requirements. The PSNT\uffe2\uff80\uff90based rate reduced N leaching losses while maintaining maize yields.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Charissa Yang, Jean Mianikpo Sogbedji, Fred R. Magdoff, Harold M. van Es, Larry D. Geohring,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On Soils In A Florida Scrub Oak Ecosystem", "description": "ABSTRACTThe results of a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study on the effects of elevated CO2on soil N and P, soil pCO2, and calculated CO2efflux in a fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90regenerated Florida scrub oak ecosystem are summarized. We hypothesized that elevated CO2would cause (i) increases in soil pCO2and soil respiration and (ii) reduced levels of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90available N and P. The effects of elevated CO2on soil N availability differed according to the method used. Results of resin lysimeter collections and anion exchange membrane tests in the field showed reduced NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923in soils in Years 1 and 3. On the other hand, re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of homogenized, buried soil bags after 1 yr suggested a relative increase in N availability (lower C to N ratio) under elevated CO2In the case of P, the buried bags and membranes suggested a negative effect of CO2on P during the first year; this faded over time, however, as P availability declined overall, probably in response to P uptake. Elevated CO2had no effect on soil pCO2or calculated soil respiration at any time, further suggesting that plant rather than microbial uptake was the primary factor responsible for the observed changes in N and P availability with elevated CO2
", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Ecosystem", "Fires", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Graham J. Hymus, Bert G. Drake, Paul Dijkstra, Bruce A. Hungate, David W. Johnson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.302501x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.302501x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "title": "Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, And Nitrogen Dioxide Fluxes From Soils After Manure And Urea Application", "description": "ABSTRACTNitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas, and NO and NO2 play a key role in atmospheric chemistry. Nitrous oxide, NO, and NO2 fluxes from fertilized soils were measured six times per day by an automated flux monitoring system for one year, beginning on 21 May 1998. Pac choi (Brassica spp.) was cultivated for two months, and the plots were left fallow the remainder of the year. Two types of manure, poultry manure (PM) and swine manure (SM), and a chemical fertilizer, urea, were applied to the soil. The total amount of nitrogen applied in each case was 15 g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 The total fluxes from PM, SM, and urea for the year were 184, 61.3, and 44.8 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for N2O, respectively; 9.95, 16.6, and 148 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for NO, respectively; and \uffe2\uff88\uff926.21, \uffe2\uff88\uff927.23, and \uffe2\uff88\uff927.84 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for NO2, respectively. A negative correlation was found between the NO flux and the NO concentration of the chamber air just after the chamber was closed, when a flux from the atmosphere to soil was observed for 10 months. The mean gross NO production, the NO uptake rate constant, and the apparent compensation point for this period were 0.79 to 0.95 \uffce\uffbcg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 120 to 128 L m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and 5.65 to 7.35 ppbv, respectively.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hiroko Akiyama, Haruo Tsuruta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.4230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.4230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Leaching Rates And Preferential Flow Of Selected Herbicides Through Tilled And Untilled Soil", "description": "AbstractPesticides can be transported to ground water more rapidly through preferential flowpaths than would be predicted from their physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical properties. The leaching rates of the herbicides 2,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90D, bromoxynil, clopyralid, dicamba, diclofop, MCPA, and mecoprop were compared in this study on plots filled after harvest (conventional till, CT) and those that were not (fall tillage operation omitted, NT). The soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90incorporated herbicides triallate and trifluralin were applied to the CT plot only. Herbicide was applied immediately prior to a leaching irrigation for salt removal, which represents a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cworst\uffe2\uff80\uff90case\uffe2\uff80\uff9d scenario for pesticide leaching. Direct evidence of preferential flow was obtained when the herbicides, with the exception of triallate and trifluralin, were detected in the first water reaching the tile drains. Although the nonincorporated herbicides were transported preferentially at the same rate, the amounts transported depended on the solubility and adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the herbicide. Only 0.01% of the application of the least soluble herbicide, diclofop, was transported, compared with 0.46% of the most soluble herbicide, dicamba. Preferential flow was only slightly reduced by the tillage pass. The amounts of herbicide transported to the tile drain, however, were substantially reduced on the CT plot. The tillage effect was greatest for the more soluble and less strongly absorbed herbicides. There was no clear relationship between amounts transported in the year after application and reported persistence but herbicides with the longer half\uffe2\uff80\uff90lives persisted in relatively greater amounts than the other herbicides.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jane A. Elliott, Laurie C. Tollefson, Allan J. Cessna, W. Nicholaichuk,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.301229x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Phosphorus Accumulation In Cultivated Soils From Long-Term Annual Applications Of Cattle Feedlot Manure", "description": "ABSTRACTHistorically, manure has been recognized as an excellent soil amendment that can improve soil quality and provide nutrients for crop production. In areas of high animal density, however, the potential for water pollution resulting from improper storage or disposal of manure may be significant. The objective of this study was to determine the P balance of cultivated soils under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production that have received long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term annual manure amendments. Nonirrigated soils at the study site in Lethbridge, AB, Canada, have received 0, 30, 60, or 90 Mg manure ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (wet wt. basis) while irrigated plots received 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 annually for 16 yr. The amount of P removed in barley grain and straw during the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period was between 5 and 18% of the cumulative manure P applied. There was a balance between P applied in manure and P recovered in crops and soils (to the 150\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) of nonirrigated plots during the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study. In irrigated plots, as much as 1.4 Mg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 added (180 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment) was not recovered over 16 yr, and was probably lost through leaching. The risk of ground water contamination with P from manure was greater in irrigated than nonirrigated plots that have received long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term annual manure amendments. Manure application rates should be reduced in nonirrigated and irrigated plots to more closely match manure P inputs to crop P requirements.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "Water Movements", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.301229x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.301229x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.301229x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.301229x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACTCover crops are a management option to reduce NO3 leaching under cereal grain production. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field lysimeter study was established in Uppsala, Sweden, to evaluate the effect of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cover crop interseeded in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching and availability of N to the main crop. Barley and ryegrass or barley alone were seeded in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90May 1992, in lysimeters (0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m diam. \uffc3\uff97 1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) of an undisturbed, well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained, sandy loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at the same time as labeled 15NH415NO3 (10 atom % 15N) at a rate of 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 In 1993, barley was reseeded in May in the lysimeters but with nonlabeled NH4NO3 and no cover crop (previous year's cover crop incorporated just prior to seeding). Barley yields and total and fertilizer N uptake in Year 1 (1992) were unaffected by cover crop. Total aboveground N uptake by the ryegrass was 28 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the time of incorporation the following spring. Recovery of fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N in May 1993 was about 100%; 53% in soil, 46% in barley, <2% in ryegrass, and negligible amounts in leachate. In May 1994, the corresponding figures were: 32% in soil, <3% in barley, and, again, negligible amounts in leachate. The cover crop reduced concentrations of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in the leachate considerably (<5 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921, compared with 10 to 18 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 without cover crop) at most sampling times from November 1992 to April 1994, and reduced the total amount of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leached (22 compared with 8 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921).
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Lolium", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Oxides", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lars Bergstr\u00f6m, William E. Jokela,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACTUnderstanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The control (CTL) plots received no input. After 1995, only the FRT plots received N fertilizer in the spring of 1999. In 1999, the emissions of CO2 were similar between control and other treatments. The average annual carbon input in the CTL and FRT plots were similar to soil CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C emission (4.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). Manure and compost resulted in positive C and N balances in the soil four years after application. Fluxes of CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N were nearly zero, which indicated that the residual effects of manure and compost four years after application had no negative influence on soil C and N storage and global warming. Residual effects of compost and manure resulted in 20 to 40% higher soil microbial biomass C, 42 to 74% higher potentially mineralizable N, and 0.5 unit higher pH compared with the FRT treatment. Residual effects of manure and compost on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions were minimal and their benefits on soil C and N indicators were more favorable than that of N fertilizer.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Plant Biology", "Horticulture", "Zea mays", "630", "333", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Biomass", "Agricultural Science", "Fertilizers", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ginting, Daniel, Kessavalou, Anabayan, Eghball, Bahman, Doran, John W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.6130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACTVegetated filter strips (VFS) are used recently for removal, at or near the source, of sediment and sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound chemicals from cropland runoff. Vegetation within the flowpath increases water infiltration and decreases water turbulence, thus enhancing pollutant removal by sedimentation within filter media and infiltration through the filter surface. Field experiments have been conducted to examine the efficiency of vegetated filter strips for phosphorus removal from cropland runoff with 20 filters with varying length (2 to 15 m), slope (2.3 and 5%), and vegetated cover, including bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil plots as control. Artificial runoff used in this study had an average phosphorus concentration of 2.37 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and a sediment concentration of 2700 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The average phosphorus trapping efficiency of all vegetated filters was 61% and ranged from 31% in a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90m filter to 89% in a 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90m filter. Filter length has been found to be the predominant factor affecting P trapping in VFS. The rate of inflow, type of vegetation, and density of vegetation coverage had secondary influences on P removal. Short filters (2 and 5 m), which are somewhat effective in sediment removal, are much less effective in P removal. Increasing the filter length beyond 15 m is ineffective in enhancing sediment removal but is expected to further enhance P removal. Sediment deposition, infiltration, and plant adsorption are the primary mechanisms for phosphorus trapping in VFS.
", "keywords": ["Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Rain", "Water Movements", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "Filtration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.6130"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environment%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.6130", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.6130", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.6130"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0205", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-11", "description": "ABSTRACTIn the Red River Valley of the upper midwestern United States, soil temperatures often remain below freezing during winter and N2O emissions from frozen cropland soils is assumed to be negligible. This study was conducted to determine the strength of N2O emissions and denitrification when soil temperatures were below zero for a manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended, certified organic field (T2O) compared with an unamended, conventionally managed field (T2C). Before manure application, both fields were similar with respect to autotrophic and heterotrophic N2O production and N2O flux at the soil surface (0.15 \uffc2\uffb1 0.05 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2O and 0.12 \uffc2\uffb1 0.06 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2C). After application of pelletized, dehydrated manure, average daily flux (based on time\uffe2\uff80\uff90integrated fluxes from 20 November to 8 April), was 1.19 \uffc2\uffb1 0.34 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2O and 0.47 \uffc2\uffb1 0.37 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2C. Denitrification for intact cores measured in the laboratory at \uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffb0C was greater for organically managed soils, although only marginally significant (p < 0.1). Cumulative emissions for all winter measurements (from 16 November to 8 April) averaged 1.63 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2O and 0.64 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2C. Biological N2O production was evident at sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90zero soil temperatures, with winter emissions exceeding those measured in late summer. Late autumn manure application enhanced cumulative N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N emissions by 0.9 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921
", "keywords": ["Cold Temperature", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rebecca L. Phillips", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0205"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0205", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0205", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0205"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACTMaize (Zea mays L.) production in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe is based on both organic and mineral nutrient sources. A study was conducted to determine the effect of composted cattle manure, mineral N fertilizer, and their combinations on NO3 concentrations in leachate leaving the root zone and to establish N fertilization rates that minimize leaching. Maize was grown for three seasons (1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931998, and 1998\uffe2\uff80\uff931999) in field lysimeters repacked with a coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained sandy soil (Typic Kandiustalf). Leachate volumes ranged from 480 to 509 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1395 mm rainfall) in 1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, 296 to 335 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (840 mm rainfall) in 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931998, and 606 to 635 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1387 mm rainfall) in 1998\uffe2\uff80\uff931999. Mineral N fertilizer, especially the high rate (120 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and manure plus mineral N fertilizer combinations resulted in high NO3 leachate concentrations (up to 34 mg N L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and NO3 losses (up to 56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in 1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, which represent both environmental and economic concerns. Although the leaching losses were relatively small in the other seasons, they are still of great significance in African smallholder farming where fertilizer is unaffordable for most farmers. Nitrate leaching from sole manure treatments was relatively low (average of less than 20 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), whereas the crop uptake efficiency of mineral N fertilizer was enhanced by up to 26% when manure and mineral N fertilizer were applied in combination. The low manure (12.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) plus 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 fertilizer treatment was best in terms of maintaining dry matter yield and minimizing N leaching losses.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrates", "Rain", "rainfall", "cattle manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Plant Roots", "losses", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "corn", "nitrogen-fertilizer", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "lysimeters", "Fertilizers", "zimbabwe", "time", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.5990"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.5990"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-08", "title": "Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, And Zinc Availability In A Biosolids-Amended Piedmont Soil Years After Application", "description": "ABSTRACTConcerns over the possible increase in phytoavailability of biosolids\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied trace metals to plants have been raised based on the assumption that decomposition of applied organic matter would increase phytoavailability. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of time on chemical extractability and concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in plants on plots established by a single application of biosolids with high trace metals content in 1984. Biosolids were applied to 1.5 by 2.3 m confined plots of a Davidson clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) at 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The highest biosolids application supplied 4.5, 760, 43, and 620 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. varlongifolia), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were planted at the site for 3 consecutive years, 17 to 19 yr after biosolids application. Extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn (as measured by DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901) were determined on 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth samples from each plot. The DTPA\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable Cu and Zn decreased by 58 and 42%, respectively, 17 yr after application despite a significant reduction in organic matter content. Biosolids treatments had no significant effect on crop yield. Plant tissue metal concentrations increased with biosolids rate but were within the normal range of these crops. Trace metal concentrations in plants generally correlated well with the concentrations extracted from soil with DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901. Metal concentrations in plant tissue exhibited a plateau response in most cases. The uptake coefficient values generated for the different crops were in agreement with the values set by the Part 503 Rule.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Virginia", "Biological Availability", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pentetic Acid", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Raphanus", "Refuse Disposal", "Trace Elements", "Calcium Chloride", "Soil", "Zinc", "Nickel", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper", "Cadmium", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. W. Zelazny, Beshr Sukkariyah, Gregory K. Evanylo, Rufus L. Chaney,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.0369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACTDespite the use of best management practices for nitrogen (N) application rate and timing, significant losses of nitrate nitrogen NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in drainage discharge continue to occur from row crop cropping systems. Our objective was to determine whether a autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop following corn (Zea mays L.) would reduce NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N losses through subsurface tile drainage in a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping system in the northern Corn Belt (USA) in a moderately well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. Both phases of the corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation, with and without the winter rye cover crop following corn, were established in 1998 in a Normania clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll) soil at Lamberton, MN. Cover cropping did not affect subsequent soybean yield, but reduced drainage discharge, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted mean nitrate concentration (FWMNC), and NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss relative to winter fallow, although the magnitude of the effect varied considerably with annual precipitation. Three\uffe2\uff80\uff90year average drainage discharge was lower with a winter rye cover crop than without (p = 0.06). Over three years, subsurface tile\uffe2\uff80\uff90drainage discharge was reduced 11% and NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss was reduced 13% for a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean cropping system with a rye cover crop following corn than with no rye cover crop. We estimate that establishment of a winter rye cover crop after corn will be successful in one of four years in southwestern Minnesota. Cover cropping with rye has the potential to be an effective management tool for reducing NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss from subsurface drainage discharge despite challenges to establishment and spring growth in the north\uffe2\uff80\uff90central USA.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Secale", "Water Pollution", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "United States", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Water Movements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.1010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Pig Slurry Application And Irrigation Effects On Nitrate Leaching In Mediterranean Soil Lysimeters", "description": "ABSTRACTLand application of animal manures, such as pig slurry (PS), is a common practice in intensive\uffe2\uff80\uff90farming agriculture. However, this practice has a pitfall consisting of the loss of nutrients, in particular nitrate, toward water courses. The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrate leaching for three application rates of pig slurry (50, 100, and 200 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and a control treatment of mineral fertilizer (275 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) applied to corn grown in 10 drainage lysimeters. The effects of two irrigation regimes (low vs. high irrigation efficiency) were also analyzed. In the first two irrigation events, drainage NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations as high as 145 and 69 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 were measured in the high and moderate PS rate treatments, respectively, in the low irrigation efficiency treatments. This indicates the fast transformation of the PS ammonium into nitrate and the subsequent leaching of the transformed nitrate. Drainage NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentration and load increased linearly by 0.69 mg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 4.6 kg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, for each 10 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 applied over the minimum of 275 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 An increase in irrigation efficiency did not induce a significant increase of leachate concentration and the amount of nitrate leached decreased about 65%. Application of low PS doses before sowing complemented with sidedressing N application and a good irrigation management are the key factors to reduce nitrate contamination of water courses.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Mediterranean Region", "Swine", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Solubility", "Water Supply", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Daud\u00e9n, D. Qu\u00edlez, M. V. Vera,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2290"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.2290"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6400&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6400&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6350", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6450", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8391, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T07:18:48.911381Z"}