{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0371", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "description": "<p>Agriculture has an important potential role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). However, practices that reduce CO2 emissions from soils and increase the soil organic C level may stimulate N2O emissions. This is particularly critical in Quebec where heavy soils and a humid climate may limit the adoption of agricultural practices designed to mitigate GHG. The objective of this work was to study the effects of two tillage and N fertilization regimes on CO2 and N2O fluxes and the seasonal variability in emissions of these gases, associated with corn (Zea mays L.) grown in southwestern Quebec. Different seasonal emission patterns of CO2 and N2O were observed. Higher N2O fluxes occurred during the spring and were associated with precipitation events, while higher CO2 fluxes occurred in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90season and were related to temperature. Conventional tillage (CT) had greater peaks of CO2 emissions than no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) only after disking in the spring. Once corn was established, differences between tillage systems were small. Peaks of N2O emission occurred in both systems (NT and CT) following N application. Plots receiving 180 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in both tillage systems had large peak of N2O emission rates during the wettest parts of the season. The CT and NT systems generally had similar cumulative CO2 emissions but NT had higher cumulative N2O emissions than CT. Our findings suggests that changing from CT to NT under the heavy soil conditions of Quebec may increase GHG, mainly as result of the increase in N2O emission. This negative effect of NT could be reduced by avoiding fertilizing when precipitation is more intense.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chandra A. Madramootoo, Bao-Luo Ma, Xiaomin Zhou, Fazli Mabood, Philippe Rochette, Donald L. Smith, Juan J. Almaraz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0371"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0371", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0371", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2006.0371"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0378", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-10", "description": "<p>Soil organic C (SOC) pools under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term management practices provide information on C sequestration pathways, soil quality maintenance, and crop productivity. Farmyard manure (FYM), paddy straw (PS), and green manure (GM) along with inorganic fertilizers were used in a 19\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old rice (Oryza sativaL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cropping system in subtropical India to evaluate their impact on SOC stock, its different pools\uffe2\uff80\uff94total organic C (Ctot); oxidizable organic C (Coc) and its four fractions of very labile (Cfrac1), labile (Cfrac2), less labile (Cfrac3), and nonlabile C (Cfrac4); microbial biomass C (Cmic); and mineralizable C (Cmin). Cropping with only N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K fertilization just maintained SOC content, while N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K plus organics increased SOC by 24.3% over the control, their relative efficacy being FYM &gt; PS &gt; GM. A minimum of 3.56 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921was required to be added as organic amendments to compensate for SOC loss from cropping. The passive (Cfrac3+ Cfrac4) pool and Cminconstituted about 39 and 11.5%, respectively, of CtotOrganics contributed toward the passive pool in the order FYM &gt; PS &gt; GM. Most of the pools were significantly (P= 0.005) correlated with each other. Yield and sustainable yield index were strongly related with Cfrac1, Coc, Cmic, and CminResults suggest Cfrac1as a useful indicator for assessing soil health, and balanced fertilization with FYM as suitable management for sustaining crop productivity of the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat system.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0378"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0378", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0378", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2006.0378"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-26", "title": "Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Irrigation Effects On Soil Nitrogen Gas Exchange In Irrigated Sorghum", "description": "<p>The impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2, an important greenhouse gas, on soil microbial production and consumption of other greenhouse gases such as N2O are uncertain. This study was conducted during the 1998 and 1999 summer growing seasons at the Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90Air CO2Enrichment (FACE) site in Maricopa, AZ. The objective was to measure N2O and denitrification emission rates in a C4sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] production system with ample and limited flood irrigation rates under FACE (seasonal mean = 579 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and control (seasonal mean = 396 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) CO2Plots were sampled for N2O flux using both chamber and intact incubated soil core techniques. Nitrogen gas (N2O plus N2) emissions were measured using intact incubated soil cores with C2H2inhibition. Nitrous oxide emissions measured with chambers increased markedly after irrigation and fertilization following prolonged periods without water under both elevated and control CO2conditions. Within 5 d of fertilization and irrigation, N2O emissions measured with chambers were &lt;250 g N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921d\uffe2\uff88\uff921until subsequent irrigations. Emissions measured from cores ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.11 to &gt;250 g N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921d\uffe2\uff88\uff921Seasonal cumulative N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emissions measured using chambers were &lt;1.5 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921Seasonal N\uffe2\uff80\uff90gas losses measured during 1999 were as high as 3.7 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and were highest with elevated CO2and the high irrigation treatment. During periods when significant emissions were recorded, the primary end product of denitrification was N2rather than N2O. Water\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore space (WFPS) was the most important single factor controlling N\uffe2\uff80\uff90gas emissions, with the largest emissions (&gt;500 g N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) coming with &gt;55% WFPS. Neither soil NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92nor soil organic C alone limited N gas emissions. Elevated CO2did not result in increased N2O or N\uffe2\uff80\uff90gas emissions with either ample or limited irrigation.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas L. Thompson, A. D. Matthias, Jaydene T. Welzmiller, Scott A. White,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0033", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-10", "title": "Soil Nitrogen And Carbon After Twenty Years Of Riparian Forest Development", "description": "<p>Soil C and N were measured from a chronosequence of adjacent riparian forest sites located along the floodplain terrace of the San Antonio River. The communities were 25, 39, 45, 47, 49, and 53 yr past long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term farmland use. Four of these sites (25, 45, 49, and 53 yr old) were also sampled 20 yr ago. Soil C was significantly greater after 20 yr of community development; however, the increase was dependent on the community age. Soil C increased by 38 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 49\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old community during the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period, but only 11 to 15 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 25\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 45\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 53\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old communities. Soil N was significantly greater (1.7\uffe2\uff80\uff932.5 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) after 20 yr of development for communities 25, 45, and 49 yr old. In the oldest community (53 yr old), no significant increase was seen in soil N after 20 yr. No significant spatial differences [underneath the canopy ofAcacia farnesiana(L.) Willd. vs. intercanopy grassland] were found in soil C and N in the 25\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old community. The late successional dominantCeltis laevigataWilld., total woody plant density, and total woody plant basal area could be explained by soil C or N. Changes in soil C and N through time parallel other studies, increasing through the early\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional stages and decreasing from the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to late\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional stages. Spatial differences in soil C and N that existed in the 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old community disappeared in the 25\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old community asA. farnesianabasal area increased from 0.7 to13 m2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. K. Bush", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0120", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-01", "title": "How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Carbon (C) in soils persists on a range of timescales depending on physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact with soil organic matter (SOM) and affect its rate of decomposition. Together these processes determine the age distribution of soil C. Most attempts to measure this age distribution have relied on operationally defined fractions using properties like density, aggregate stability, solubility, or chemical reactivity. Recently, thermal fractionation, which relies on the activation energy needed to combust SOM, has shown promise for separating young from old C by applying increasing heat to decompose SOM. Here, we investigated radiocarbon (14C) and 13C of C released during thermal fractionation to link activation energy to the age distribution of C in bulk soil and components previously separated by density and chemical properties. While physically and chemically isolated fractions had very distinct mean 14C values, they contributed C across the full temperature range during thermal analysis. Thus, each thermal fraction collected during combustion of bulk soil integrates contributions from younger and older C derived from components having different physical and chemical properties but the same activation energy. Bulk soil and all density and chemical fractions released progressively older and more 13C-enriched C with increasing activation energy, indicating that each operationally defined fraction itself was not homogeneous but contained a mix of C with different ages and degrees of microbial processing. Overall, we found that defining the full age distribution of C in bulk soil is best quantified by first separating particulate C prior to thermal fractionation of mineral-associated SOM. For the Podzol analyzed here, thermal fractions confirmed that \u223c\u200995\u2009% of the mineral-associated organic matter (MOM) had a relatively narrow 14C distribution, while 5\u2009% was very low in 14C and likely reflected C from the &lt;\u20092\u2009mm parent shale material in the soil matrix. After first removing particulate C using density or size separation, thermal fractionation can provide a rapid technique to study the age structure of MOM and how it is influenced by different OM\u2013mineral interactions.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "Soil Science", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31636/1/stoner-s-w-et-al-20230830.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-30", "title": "Grazing Impacts On Soil Carbon And Microbial Communities In A Mixed-Grass Ecosystem", "description": "<p>Good management of rangelands promotes C sequestration and reduces the likelihood of these ecosystems becoming net sources of CO2 As part of an ongoing study, soil was sampled in 2003 to investigate the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of different livestock grazing treatments on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and microbial communities. The three treatments studied (no grazing, EX; continuously, lightly grazed [10% utilization], CL; and continuously, heavily grazed [50% utilization], CH) have been imposed on a northern mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90grass prairie near Cheyenne, WY, for 21 yr. In the 10 yr since treatments were last sampled in 1993, the study area has been subject to several years of drought. In the 0 to 60 cm depth there was little change in SOC in the EX or CL treatments between 1993 and 2003, whereas there was a 30% loss of SOC in the CH treatment. This loss is attributed to plant community changes (from a cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90season [C3] to a warm\uffe2\uff80\uff90season [C4] plant dominated community) resulting in organic C accumulating nearer the soil surface, making it more vulnerable to loss. Soil TN increased in the EX and CL treatments between 1993 and 2003, but declined in the CH treatment. Differences in plant community composition and subsequent changes in SOC and TN may have contributed to microbial biomass, respiration, and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralization rates generally being greatest in CL and least in the CH treatment. Although no significant differences were observed in any specific microbial group based on concentrations of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers, multivariate analysis of PLFA data revealed that microbial community structure differed among treatments. The CH grazing rate during a drought period altered plant community and microbial composition which subsequently impacted biogeochemical C and N cycles.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0038", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "description": "<p>Tillage, cropping system, and cover cropping are important management variables that control the quantity, quality, and placement of organic matter inputs to soil. How soil organic matter and its different fractions respond to management has not been comprehensively studied in integrated crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93livestock systems. We conducted a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field experiment on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia in which long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pasture was terminated and converted to annual crops. Tillage systems were conventional (CT, moldboard plowed initially and disked thereafter) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT). Cropping systems were summer grain with winter cover crop and winter grain with summer cover crop. Cover crops were either grazed by cattle or left unharvested. Total organic C was highly stratified with depth under NT and relatively uniformly distributed with depth under CT. All soil C and N fractions were greater under NT than under CT at a depth of 0 to 6 cm. Tillage system had the most dominant influence on all soil C and N fractions, and cropping system the least. At the end of 3 yr, total organic C at a depth of 0 to 30 cm was lower under CT than under NT (42.6 vs. 47.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 [P &lt; 0.001]). Potential C mineralization was also lower under CT than under NT (1240 vs. 1371 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during 24 d [P = 0.02]). At a depth of 0 to 30 cm, cover crop management had no effect on soil C and N fractions, but within the surface 6 cm some changes occurred with grazing of cover crops by cattle, the most dramatic of which were 1 \uffc2\uffb1 9% increase in soil microbial biomass C and 3 \uffc2\uffb1 16% decrease in potential C mineralization. To preserve high surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil C and N fractions and total plow\uffe2\uff80\uff90layer contents, NT cropping following termination of perennial pasture is recommended. In addition, since cattle grazing cover crops did not consistently negatively influence soil C and N fractions, integrated crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93livestock systems are recommended as a viable conservation approach while intensifying agricultural land use.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0121", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0164", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-19", "description": "<p>Under semiarid conditions, soil quality and productivity can be improved by enhancing soil organic matter content by means of alternative management practices. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and cropping intensification as alternative soil practices to increase soil organic C (SOC). At the same time, we studied the influence of these management practices on two SOC fractions (particulate organic matter C, POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, and the mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated C, Min\uffe2\uff80\uff90C), in semiarid agroecosystems of the Ebro River valley. Soil samples were collected from five soil layers (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) during July 2005 at three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage experiments located at different sites in the Ebro River valley (northeast Spain). Soil bulk density, SOC concentration and content, SOC stratification ratio, POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, and Min\uffe2\uff80\uff90C were measured. Higher soil bulk density was observed under NT than under reduced tillage (RT), subsoil tillage (ST), or conventional tillage (CT). At the soil surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth), the highest total SOC concentration, POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, and Min\uffe2\uff80\uff90C were measured under NT, followed by RT, ST, and CT, respectively. In the whole soil profile (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm), similarly, slightly greater SOC content was measured under NT than under CT with the exception of the Selvanera site, where deep subsoil tillage combined with moldboard plowing accumulated more SOC than NT. In semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems where CT consists in moldboard plowing, NT is a viable management practice to increase SOC.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0164"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0164", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0164", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0164"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0229", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-06", "title": "Decadal Changes In Potassium, Calcium, And Magnesium In A Deciduous Forest Soil", "description": "<p>Decadal changes in soil exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations and contents from 1972 to 2004 in eight intensively monitored plots on Walker Branch Watershed were compared with estimates of increments or decrements in vegetation and detritus. The results from these eight plots compared favorably with those from a more extensive set from 24 soil sampling plots sampled in 1972 and 2004. Increases in exchangeable K+ were noted between 1972 and 1982, but few changes were noted between 1982 and 2004 despite significant increments in vegetation and detritus and significant potential losses by leaching. Total K contents of soils in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm sampling depth were very large and a slight amount of weathering could have replenished the K+ lost from exchanges sites. With one notable exception, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and contents decreased continuously during the sampling period. Decreases in exchangeable Ca2+ could be attributed mostly to increments in biomass and detritus, whereas decreases in exchangeable Mg2+ could not and were attributed to leaching. The major exception to these patterns was in the case of exchangeable Ca2+, where significant increases were noted in one plot and attributed to Ca release from the decomposition of Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich coarse woody debris from oak (Quercus spp.) mortality. With minor exceptions, soils and changes in soils among the eight intensively sampled core plots were similar to those in a more extensive set of plots distributed across the watershed. This study shows that averaging among plots can mask significant and important spatial patterns in soil change that must be taken into account in assessing long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trends.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Donald E. Todd, Dale W. Johnson, P.J. Mulholland, Carl C. Trettin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0229"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0229", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0229", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0229"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0137", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "title": "Initial Response Of Soil Nutrient Pools To Prescribed Burning And Thinning In A Managed Forest Ecosystem Of Northern Alabama", "description": "<p>Forest management practices such as prescribed burning and thinning are commonly used to restore degraded forest communities in the Southern Appalachians. Prescribed treatments influence physical and chemical properties of soils and change the balance of nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen. This study was conducted to investigate the initial impacts of prescribed burning, thinning and a combination of prescribed thinning and burning on total carbon and nitrogen pools, as well as other properties, in soil and forest floor. Effects of these disturbance regimes were tested on Typic Hapludults at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama. Results show that prescribed burning alone led to significant increases in total C and N contents in soil surface horizons. Burning alone also resulted in changes in exchangeable Na pools and significant increases in pH values throughout the study sites. Combination of prescribed thinning and burning did not result in significant changes in total C and N concentrations. However, significant increases in K and Na concentrations were observed in these sites. Prescribed thinning alone did not appear to impact total C and total N concentrations, soil acidity or exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations, but caused significant increases in Na and decreases in K concentrations. Results of the study indicated that prescribed burning alone appeared to have a stronger impact on total C and N pools than a combination of prescribed thinning and burning. Use of prescribed thinning alone did not have any effect on total C and N pools in soils and forest floor. While prescribed burning alone and a combination of thinning and burning led to changes in exchangeable K and Na pools, no change was detected in either Ca or Mg concentrations.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maria M. Nobles, Wallace Dillon, Monday Mbila,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0137"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0137", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0137", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0137"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0184", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "description": "<p>Tillage has been associated with soil organic matter (SOM) decline. A case study of two adjacent farms was conducted in eastern South Dakota. One farm used no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and the other used chisel tillage (CT). We hypothesized that soil under NT, compared with tillage, would have both greater quantity and greater quality of SOM and that this improved SOM condition would result in increased water stable aggregation (WSA). A rotary sieve was used to sort dry field aggregates into six size groups: &lt;0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, 0.8 to 2.0, 2.0 to 6.0, 6.0 to 19.0, and &gt;19 mm. Water stable aggregation, soil organic C (SOC), N, glomalin, and basidiomycete fungi were measured. Fine particulate soil organic matter (fPOM, 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.053 mm) and coarse particulate organic matter (2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.5 mm) were isolated by sieving. Quantitative solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90state13C nuclear magnetic resonance was used to determine C type in humic acid, humin, and whole soil. The fPOM/SOM ratio was greatest in &lt;0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm aggregates and 24% greater in NT than CT. Soil organic C was greatest in 0.8\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm aggregates and 11% greater in NT than CT. Average WSA was 63% greater under NT than under CT. Aggregate wettability was less under NT than CT. Slower water uptake under NT might be attributed to a greater abundance of wax\uffe2\uff80\uff90type C under NT than under CT. We conclude that NT, compared with CT, resulted in better SOM quality during the course of 10 yr. Improved SOM quality was related to improved WSA.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0184"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0184", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0184", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0184"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-05", "title": "Sensitivity Of Labile Soil Organic Carbon To Tillage In Wheat-Based Cropping Systems", "description": "<p>To investigate the sensitivity of labile, or active, soil organic C (SOC), such as soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), mineralizable C, particulate organic matter C (POM C), dissolved organic C (DOC), and hydrolyzable C, to changes in management, we sampled soils in a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr experiment with tillage (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), cropping sequence, and N fertilization treatments in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90central Texas. Sensitivity is defined as how rapidly soil properties respond to changes in management. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till significantly increased the size of SOC and all labile SOC pools compared with CT, especially at 0 to 5 cm. Intensified cropping also increased SOC and these labile pools, which generally decreased with depth. Labile pools were highly correlated with each other and SOC, but their slopes were significantly different, being lowest for DOC and highest for hydrolyzable C. In our study, SMBC was 5 to 8%, mineralized C was 2%, POM C was 14 to 31%, hydrolyzable C was 53 to 71%, and DOC was 1 to 2% of SOC. Model II orthogonal regression and simple linear regression both provided similar results, indicating that both methods were appropriate for evaluation of sensitivity to changes in management; however, using our proposed equation for sensitivity to tillage, no labile SOC pool was more sensitive than SOC. Further studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of this model.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fugen Dou, Frank M. Hons, Alan L. Wright,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0230", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0243", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-20", "title": "Response Of Potentially Mineralizable Soil Nitrogen And Indices Of Nitrogen Availability To Tillage System", "description": "<p>Tillage practices may affect the active fraction of soil organic N. As part of a national project to examine soil management and environmental controls on the active fraction of organic N, this study examined the effects of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on the quantity of potentially mineralizable soil N (N0) and mineralizable N pools, and the potential to detect changes in these pools using N availability indices. Preplant soil samples from the top 15 cm were collected from four long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage experiments at Swift Current, SK; Woodslee, ON; L'Acadie, QC; and Agassiz, BC. Potentially mineralizable N was determined by aerobic incubation at 25\uffc2\uffb0C and periodic leaching for 24 wk. The N0 was greater under NT than under CT, but only at Swift Current. The labile and intermediate mineralizable N pools were significantly higher under NT than under CT at three of the four sites. The stable mineralizable N pool and the mineralization rate coefficient (k) were greater under NT than under CT at only one of the four sites. Adoption of NT influenced the quality of the active organic N fraction at three sites, as indicated by an increased proportion of mineralizable N in the more labile N pools. Among tested indices of N availability, KCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N, NaOH\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable N, Illinois Soil N Test, phosphate\uffe2\uff80\uff90borate buffer extractable N, and particulate organic C were most sensitive to tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the active organic N fraction. Tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the size and quality of the active organic N fraction may influence soil N supply and should be considered in optimizing fertilizer N management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0243"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0243", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0243", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0243"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0265", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-20", "description": "<p>The soil C saturation concept postulates that there is an upper limit to the equilibrium soil C level of mineral soils even when soil C input is increased. To test this concept, we analyzed the relationship between steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state soil C input and soil organic C (SOC) concentration in a temperate corn (Zea mays L.) agroecosystem experiment located in Lexington, KY. In this experiment, a gradient in plant productivity and consequent C input to the soil was produced with four N application rates (0, 84, 168, and 336 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) under two disturbance regimes, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and moldboard plowing (MP). We examined whether physical protection of organic matter by soil aggregation and chemical protection by association with silt and clay particles led to SOC saturation. We used wet sieving to physically separate SOC pools that differ in C stabilization potential, and determined the C sequestration in each fraction. Total SOC was positively related to C input, and this was primarily due to C stabilization in small macroaggregates. In both tillage systems, however, microaggregate C and silt\uffe2\uff80\uff90plus\uffe2\uff80\uff90clay C did not increase with greater C input. Within the small macroaggregates, coarse particulate organic matter C and microaggregate C increased with C input, but there was no increase in silt\uffe2\uff80\uff90plus\uffe2\uff80\uff90clay C. Our results indicate that soil fractions with low C stabilization potential exhibit C saturation behavior. Apparent C saturation of some of the fractions indicates that SOC pools have a limited capacity to stabilize added C and that such a limit to C stabilization will constrain the ecosystem services provided by these SOC pools.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0265"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0265", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0265", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0265"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0336", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "description": "<p>No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) agriculture has been promoted as one of the optimal management practices that preserves soil and water, and increases soil organic C (SOC) compared with conventional tillage (CT) practices. Information on SOC sequestration in NT systems, however, has been based on measurements from the surface soil (&lt;30 cm) and little is known about the extent of SOC sequestration in NT across the entire 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil profile. We conducted a regional study of NT farming to assess the extent of SOC sequestration in the whole soil profile across 12 contrasting but representative soils in the Midwestern United States, each within a Major Land Resource Area (MLRA: 98, 111C, 114B, 122 in Indiana; 111A, 111B, 111D, 124, and 126 in Ohio; and 127 and 147 in Pennsylvania). Soils on gentle terrain were sampled in paired NT and CT fields as well as in an adjacent woodlot in each MLRA. The SOC and N concentrations were greater in the surface 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil in NT than CT in MLRA 124. The SOC concentration in CT soil was greater than in NT soil at 10 to 30 cm in MLRAs 98 and 126. The total SOC pool for the whole soil profile did not differ between NT and CT in eight of the 12 MLRAs and the total profile SOC was actually greater under CT in MLRAs 98, 127, and 126, resulting in negative C sequestration rates on conversion from CT to NT in these three MLRAs. This regional study suggests that the entire soil profile must be examined and ecosystem C budget assessed when elucidating SOC sequestration in NT vs. CT fields.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sheila F. Christopher, Umakant Mishra, Rattan Lal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0336"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0336", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0336", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0336"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0381", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In An Eastern Corn Belt Soil: Nitrogen Source And Rotation", "description": "<p>Soil C sequestration may mitigate increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. This study was conducted to assess chemical and physical fractions of total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN) as affected by land use, N fertilizer source, and rotation. Particulate organic matter (POM) and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydrolyzable C (NHC) fractions were measured in Drummer (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) silty clay loam and Raub (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) silt loam soil series during two growing seasons. Agroecosystems evaluated were continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC) and corn grown in rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS) both with urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90ammonium nitrate (UAN), CC with either spring or fall liquid swine manure (CCSM and CCFM, respectively), soybean in rotation with CSUAN (SC), and restored prairie grass (PG). In general, CCFM exhibited the largest soil C and N pools. In corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotations, the TOC declined roughly 10% following SC but increased a comparable amount following CSUAN. The 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation (SC and CSUAN) had a similar overall effect as CCUAN on TOC (ranging from 22 to 24 g C kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil). When compared with CCUAN, PG soils were enriched in TOC, fine POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and NHC but not in N pools, reflecting soil C and N dynamics dominated by fine root turnover without fertilization and tillage. Comparison of soil C pools between treatments that differed in TOC revealed that newly sequestered C was preferentially allocated into POM supporting this fraction as an indicator of management effect on C sequestration.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0381"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0381", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0381", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0381"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-20", "title": "Tillage Effects On Soil Carbon Balance In A Semiarid Agroecosystem", "description": "<p>Tillage systems may affect soil C sequestration, with a potential impact on crop productivity or organic matter mineralization. We evaluated crop yield, C inputs to the soil, and in situ CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C fluxes under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and conventional tillage (disk tillage) during the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period from the installation of an experiment in an Entic Haplustoll of the Semiarid Pampean Region of Argentina to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for possible management\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced soil organic matter changes. Yield and biomass production were greater under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than disk tillage for all the crops included in the rotation (oat [Avena sativa L.] + hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth ssp. villosa], corn [Zea mays L.], wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], and oat). This result was attributed to the higher soil water content under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till. Carbon inputs to the soil averaged 4 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and 3 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 under disk tillage. Soil temperature was similar between tillage systems and CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C emission was about 4 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with significant but small differences between treatments (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc0.2 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Carbon balance of the soil was nearly equilibrated under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till; meanwhile, greater C losses as CO2 than inputs in crop residues were measured under conventional tillage. Organic C in the soil was 5.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than the disk tillage treatment 6 yr after initiation of the experiment. Results showed that in our semiarid environment, C sequestration occurred under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till but not conventional tillage. The sequestration process was attributed to the effect of the tillage system on crop productivity rather than on the mineralization intensity of soil organic pools.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tillage Systems", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0250"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0250", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0250", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0250"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "title": "Tillage Effects On Microbial And Carbon Dynamics During Plant Residue Decomposition", "description": "<p>One goal of soil C sequestration is to increase the mass of C stored in agricultural soils. Reducing soil disturbance, e.g., no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till management, facilitates soil fungal growth and results in higher C sequestration rates; however, the specific mechanisms associated with short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term plant residue C and N retention are less clear. We applied 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] residue to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) soils, and measured the 13C and 15N retention in the soil and in aggregate fractions, along with soil microbial dynamics, during a growing season. The added plant residue mineralized rapidly in both tillage systems, with similar decomposition kinetics, as indicated by 13C data. Mass balance calculations indicated that approximately 70% of the added 13C was mineralized to CO2 by 40 d. Total Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungal phospholipid fatty acids were higher under NT 0 to 5 cm during the most active period of residue mineralization compared with the CT 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths. No changes were observed in the NT 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The &gt;1000\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm aggregate size class retained the most 13C, regardless of tillage. The NT &gt;1000\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm aggregates retained more 15N at the end of the experiment than other NT and CT aggregates size classes. Data obtained indicate higher biological activity associated with NT soils than under CT, and increased retention of plant residue C and N in macroaggregates.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0384"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0384", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0389", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-02", "description": "<p>Increasing cropping intensity in the central Great Plains of the United States has the potential to increase organic carbon (OC) stored in the soil and lead to improved soil physical properties. A cropping systems study was started in 1990 at the Central Great Plains Research Station near Akron, CO. In 2005 soil samples were taken in six 95\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm increments to a depth of 370 mm to measure OC, water stable macroaggregates (water stable aggregates &gt; 250 \uffce\uffbcm), bulk density (\uffcf\uff81b), total porosity (\uffcf\uff95total), water storage porosity (\uffcf\uff95ws), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat). Samples were collected from permanent grass plots {45% smooth brome [Bromus inermis (Leyss.)], 40% pubescent wheat grass [Agropyrons trichophorum (Link) Richt.], and 15% alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.)]}, plots in a wheat {[Triticum aestivum (L.)]\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn [Zea mays (L.)]\uffe2\uff80\uff93millet [Panicum miliaceum (L.)]} rotation, and plots in a wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation. Increased cropping intensity significantly increased OC, water stable macroaggregates, and ksat, but had no significant effect on \uffcf\uff81b, \uffcf\uff95total, or \uffcf\uff95ws Permanent grass increased OC compared with the annually cropped rotations, particularly deeper in the soil. Plots in permanent grass had greater ksat and this may indicate greater pore continuity and stability under saturated conditions. Organic carbon and water stable macroaggregates were poorly correlated. Water stable macroaggregates was negatively correlated with \uffcf\uff81b and positively correlated with ksat Increasing soil OC may not immediately lead to changes in soil aggregation in a semiarid climate. Increased time and biological activity may be needed to convert the crop residues into organic compounds that stabilize aggregates and soil pore systems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maysoon M. Mikha, Joseph G. Benjamin, Merle F. Vigil,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0389"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0389", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0389", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0389"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "description": "<p>Both tillage and fertilizer management influence soil organic C (SOC) storage, but their interactive effects remain to be determined for various soil and climatic conditions. We evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, NT, and moldboard plowing, MP), and N and P fertilization on SOC stocks and concentrations in profiles of a clay loam soil (clayey, mixed, mesic Typic Humaquept). Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were grown in a yearly rotation for 14 yr. Our results showed that NT enhanced the SOC content in the soil surface layer, but MP resulted in greater SOC content near the bottom of the plow layer. When the entire soil profile (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm) was considered, both effects compensated each other, which resulted in statistically equivalent SOC stocks for both tillage practices. Nitrogen and P fertilization with MP increased the estimated crop C inputs to the soil but did not significantly influence SOC stocks in the whole soil profile. At the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth, however, lower C stocks were measured in the plowed soil with the highest N fertilizer level than in any other treatment, which was probably caused by a greater decomposition of crop residues and soil organic matter. Conversely, the highest SOC stocks of the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer were observed in the NT treatment with the highest N rates, reflecting a greater residue accumulation at the soil surface. When accounting for the whole soil profile, the variations in surface SOC due to tillage and fertilizer interactions were masked by tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced differences in the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jos\u00e9e Fortin, Denis A. Angers, Martin H. Chantigny, Gilles Tremblay, Noura Ziadi, Philippe Rochette, Vincent Poirier,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0006", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Soil Microbial Communities And Function In Alternative Systems To Continuous Cotton", "description": "<p>Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monoculture under conventional tillage has been the predominant cropping system in the Southern High Plains region of the United States since the 1940s. This study evaluated other cropping systems and land uses for their potential to increase soil quality and enhance soil functioning compared with continuous cotton (Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ct), including a mixture of grasses in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a pasture monoculture [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] and a cotton\uffe2\uff80\uff93winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn (Zea mays L.) rotation (Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90W\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cr). Soil microbial communities were evaluated according to microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling, and molecular cloning techniques. Soil MBC was higher under the alternative systems at 0 to 5 cm (CRP &gt; pasture = Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90W\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cr &gt; Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ct), 5 to 10 cm (CRP = Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90W\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cr &gt; pasture &gt; Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ct), and 10 to 20 cm (CRP = pasture = Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90W\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cr &gt; Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ct). Soil DNA concentration was correlated with key soil quality parameters such as microbial biomass (r &gt; 0.52, P &lt; 0.05), total C (r = 0.372, P &lt; 0.1), and total N (r = 0.449, P &lt; 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene banding patterns (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm) of undisturbed systems (CRP and pasture) were more similar to each other than to Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ct and Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90W\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cr. Fungal/bacterial FAME ratios were higher under CRP and pasture than under Ct\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ct at 0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm. This study found increases in sensitive soil quality parameters under alternative management compared with cotton monoculture.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0065", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-20", "title": "Rebuilding Organic Carbon Contents In Coastal Plain Soils Using Conservation Tillage Systems", "description": "<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term disk tillage (DT) for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain has resulted in soil organic C (SOC) content reductions. Conservation tillage (CT) management in some studies can rebuild SOC levels. A field study, with two adjacent 3.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90ha fields, both containing soil series formed in upland and depressional areas, was conducted using a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation of corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton to determine the CT and DT effects on SOC contents and residue characteristics returned to the soil. Annual soil samples were collected from 50 locations per field at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm. After 6 yr under CT, residue accumulation promoted a significant SOC increase in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in the upland soil series (about 0.7 Mg SOC ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The lack of residue mixing in the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in upland soils under CT, however, resulted in a significant SOC content decline at this depth (1.25\uffe2\uff80\uff932.51 Mg SOC ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). There was no significant SOC content change in soils under CT formed in depressional areas or in all soils under DT. During 6 yr, 14.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of organic C from both corn and cotton residues was returned to soils under CT, but &lt;4% was incorporated into the SOC pool. Levels of SOC in sandy upland soils can be increased at the surface after 6 yr of CT under a corn and cotton rotation, with the increase coming at the expense of an SOC decline at a deeper topsoil depth.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0193", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0392", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-22", "title": "Fungal And Bacterial Abundance In Long-Term No-Till And Intensive-Till Soils Of The Northern Great Plains", "description": "<p>Abundance of fungi and bacteria in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and intensively tilled (IT) soils in the Northern Great Plains were measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) to determine if a shift in the relative abundance of fungi and bacteria occurs as the result of conversion to NT. Four tillage trials located in four different soil zones were sampled in spring of 2005 and 2006 before the crop was seeded to evaluate the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effect of tillage on the microbial community. With the exception of one site\uffe2\uff80\uff90year, total, bacterial, and fungal PLFA were greater in NT than IT soils at the soil surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) (p &lt; 0.05). Increases ranged from 8 to 202% for total biomass, 26 to 58% for bacterial biomass, and 0 to 120% for fungal biomass. At one site (Ellerslie) all biomass measurements were greater in IT than NT in 2005 and bacterial biomass was also greater under IT in 2006. The influence of tillage on microbial biomass was less pronounced with depth. Fungal dominance is commonly assumed under NT; however, our results demonstrate that although biomass of both fungi and bacteria increase in NT, the abundance of fungi vs. bacteria was not consistently greater under NT in the soils studied. Further research is needed to determine if fungi may be able to exert a more functionally dominant role in NT soils without an increase in relative abundance.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0392"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0392", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2007.0392", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2007.0392"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-06", "description": "<p>A diversified crop rotation may reduce fertilizer N inputs for corn (Zea mays L.) and increase soil organic C (SOC). Our objectives were to determine the effects of crop rotation and fertilizer N on soil C within the surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth). Rotations were started in 1990 on a Barnes sandy clay loam near Brookings, SD. Measurements of SOC began in 1996. Primary tillage since 1996 was chisel plow. All crop residues were returned to the soil. Rotations were continuous corn (CC), corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) companion seeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93alfalfa hay (CSWA). Uncropped treatments included perennial grasses. Corn N treatments were based on the soil NO3 test and yield goal. Corn was fertilized for a grain yield of 8.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (high N), 5.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (mid N), and no N. Under grass, SOC increased 3.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from 1996 to 2006. Continuous corn under high N returned 34% more aboveground plant C (PC) to the soil compared with the CSWA rotation, but this did not offset the SOC loss. Under high N, there was a loss of 2.3 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the surface soil from CC and a gain of 0.3 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from CSWA (1996\uffe2\uff80\uff932006). There was a significant effect of fertilizer N addition and rotation on SOC. A combination of greater crop diversity and fewer tillage operations on CSWA, compared with CC, probably contributed to a balance of SOC (return of PC \uffe2\uff89\uff88 loss of SOC).</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0020", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0156", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-20", "title": "Tillage Effects On Carbon Sequestration And Microbial Biomass In Reclaimed Farmland Soils Of Southwestern Indiana", "description": "<p>Carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soils (RMSs) could partly mitigate C emissions associated with coal mining, but our knowledge of C storage in RMSs is derived almost exclusively from studies conducted in restored grasslands and forests. Limited information exists regarding intensively managed RMSs under agricultural land use. A study was conducted to assess the impact of tillage on recent soil organic C (SOC, total organic C minus geogenic C), total microbial biomass C (t\uffe2\uff80\uff90MBC) and active microbial biomass C (a\uffe2\uff80\uff90MBC) in RMSs under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT, 13 yr) and moldboard plowing (MP, 9 and 13 yr). An undisturbed second\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth forest and a newly reclaimed (NR, 1 yr) grassland were also included. Significant effects (P &lt; 0.01) of tillage on SOC, t\uffe2\uff80\uff90MBC, a\uffe2\uff80\uff90MBC, and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were detected in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer. These soil properties were strongly (r2 &gt; 0.66) correlated with recent SOC, but moderately (r2 = 0.21\uffe2\uff80\uff930.60) with geogenic C. Rates of C sequestration were estimated from the temporal trend in the recent SOC pool (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm in NR (23.2 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr MP (32.9 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 13\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr MP (33 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and ranged between 0.8 and 0.25 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during the first and second decades of restoration. Despite a similar amount of crop residue returned (2.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), recent SOC under 13\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr NT (36.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) exceeded that under 13\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr MP by 3.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 This finding, in conjunction with the lower qCO2 in the surface soil layer of NT, suggests a more efficient C utilization by soil microbes under NT than under MP. These results illustrate the benefits of NT to the restoration of SOC stocks and biological properties of severely disturbed soil systems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Pierre-Andr\u00e9 Jacinthe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0156"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0156", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0156", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0156"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0231", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-17", "description": "<p>Nitrogen mineralization occurring near the soil surface of agroecosystems determines the quantity of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available N, and soil enzymes produced by microorganisms play significant roles in the N mineralization process. Tillage systems may influence soil microbial communities and N mineralization enzymes through alterations in total soil C and N. Soil aggregates of different sizes provide diverse microhabitats for microorganisms and therefore influence soil enzyme activities. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that activities of N mineralization enzymes increase with aggregate size and in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till compared with tilled systems. Potential activities ofN\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG), arylamidase,l\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutaminase, andl\uffe2\uff80\uff90asparaginase were measured in five aggregate size fractions (&lt;0.25, 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff930.5, 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff931, 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932, and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff934 mm) obtained from soils of three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (22\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr) tillage systems (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow). All enzyme activities were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) greater in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than in tilled systems and positively correlated (P&lt; 0.005) with potential N mineralization. Potential activities of NAG,l\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutaminase, and arylamidase were significantly greater (P&lt; 0.05) in the intermediate (0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm) aggregate size than in other size fractions. All enzyme activities were positively correlated with total soil C (P&lt; 0.0001), N (P&lt; 0.05), and microbial biomass C (P&lt; 0.05). Aggregate size had significant effects on NAG, arylamidase, andl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutaminase activities but the magnitudes were small. Fungal biomarkers (18:2\uffcf\uff896c and 16:1\uffcf\uff895c) determined by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method were significantly greater in the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than in tilled systems and positively correlated with all enzyme activities. This suggests that no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till management enhances activities of N mineralization enzymes by enhancing the proportion of fungal organisms in the soil microbial community.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wayne P. Robarge, Subathra Muruganandam, Daniel W. Israel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0231"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0231", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0231", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0231"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-19", "title": "Effect Of Charcoal Quantity On Microbial Biomass And Activity In Temperate Soils", "description": "<p>Wildfire\uffe2\uff80\uff90produced charcoal is a common component of soils, affecting a range of important abiotic and biotic soil processes. Our ability to predict the effects of charcoal addition to soil is currently limited, however, by our understanding of how charcoal affects the soil microbial community mediating many of these processes. This study sought to improve our understanding of the relationship between charcoal addition and soil microbial biomass and activity among temperate soils. Charcoal was added to four distinct temperate soils, a Mollisol, an Alfisol, an Entisol, and a Spodosol, at five application levels ranging from 0 to 0.1 kg charcoal kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil, and incubated at 25\uffc2\uffb0C with measurements at approximately 0, 1.5, and 3 mo. We hypothesized that microbial biomass and activity would increase with increasing charcoal application in all soils, but the relative magnitude of the response would depend on the texture and fertility of each soil. As hypothesized, microbial biomass and activity and Bray P increased significantly with increasing charcoal application, while extractable N decreased. The coniferous forest soil provided a notable exception to the general patterns of N availability, having the highest total extractable N at the highest charcoal application level. Our results suggest that charcoal additions affected microbial biomass, microbial activity, and nutrient availability in relatively similar ways in all four soils that we studied, suggesting considerable predictability in response to charcoal application. Differences in the magnitude of the microbial response, however, appeared dependent on differences in nutrient availability among soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Simone E. Kolb, Mathew E. Dornbush, Kevin J. Fermanich,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0232"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0232", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11070583", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-24", "title": "Soil Health Evaluation of Farmland Based on Functional Soil Management\u2014A Case Study of Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, China", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Given that farmland serves as a strategic resource to ensure national food security, blind emphasis on the improvement of food production capacity can lead to soil overutilization and impair other soil functions. Hence, the evaluation of soil health (SH) should comprehensively take soil productivity and ecological environmental effects into account. In this study, five functions from the perspective of functional soil management were summarized, including primary productivity, provision and cycling of nutrients, the provision of functional and intrinsic biodiversity, water purification and regulation, and carbon sequestration and regulation. For each soil function, in view of the natural and ameliorable conditions affecting SH, basic indicators were selected from the two aspects of inherent and dynamic properties, and restrictive indicators were chosen considering the external properties or environmental elements, with the minimum limiting factor method coupled with weighted linear model. The new evaluation system was tested and verified in Yixing City, China. The healthy and optimally functional soils were concentrated in the northeast and mid-west of Yixing City, whereas unhealthy soils were predominant in the south and around Taihu Lake. The main limitations to SH improvement included cation exchange capacity, nutrient elements, and soluble carbon. The SH evaluation method was verified using the crop performance validation method, and a positive correlation was noted between food production stability index and soil health index, indicating that the evaluation system is reasonable.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil obstacles", "soil health", "Agriculture (General)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sustainable soil management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil multifunctionality", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "soil ecosystem services", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/7/583/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070583"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11070583", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11070583", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11070583"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0309", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-22", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources And Timing Before Flooding Dry-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice", "description": "<p>Urea is the primary N source used for the large preflood N application in delayed\uffe2\uff80\uff90flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the southern United States. Urea is prone to substantial NH3 volatilization losses, however, if fields are not flooded quickly. Most delayed\uffe2\uff80\uff90flood rice fields require 5 to 10 d to flood. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate the use of less NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93volatile N sources for the preflood N application. The objectives were to evaluate the NH3 volatilization loss and impact on N uptake and rice yield when urea, urea plus the urease inhibitor N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(n\uffe2\uff80\uff90butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), (NH4)2SO4, or a urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90(NH4)2SO4 (UAS) blend were applied preflood and a flood established 1, 5, or 10 d after N application. When flooding was delayed for 5 or 10 d after N application, NH3 volatilization was the least for urea + NBPT (2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310%) and (NH4)2SO4 (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%) and they produced the highest rice N uptake and yield. The UAS blend that had NH3 volatilization losses (11\uffe2\uff80\uff9315%) at 5 and 10 d after application that were intermediate between urea (17\uffe2\uff80\uff9324%) and (NH4)2SO4 or urea + NBPT also had N uptake and grain yield intermediate between these N sources. Urea should only be used if \uffe2\uff88\uffbc2 d are required to flood a field. If 3 to 5 d are required to flood a field, then UAS has some merits but it is not as consistent as (NH4)2SO4 or urea + NBPT. When &gt;5 d are required to flood, (NH4)2SO4 or urea + NBPT should be used.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. T. Bushong, Robert J. Norman, Edward E. Gbur, Charles E. Wilson, Nathan A. Slaton, B. R. Griggs,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0309", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0309", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0353", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-17", "title": "No-Till Induced Increase In Organic Carbon Reduces Maximum Bulk Density Of Soils", "description": "<p>Compaction can be a problem in some no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) soils, but accumulation of soil organic C (SOC) with time may reduce the soil's susceptibility to compaction. Relationships between SOC and soil maximum bulk density (BDmax), equivalent to maximum soil compactibility, have not been well documented, particularly in NT systems. We assessed near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface BDmax using the Proctor test under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (&gt;19 yr) moldboard plow (MP), conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and NT conditions in the central Great Plains and determined its relationships with SOC, particle size distribution, and Atterberg consistency limits. The experiments were located on silt loam soils at Hays and Tribune, KS, and loam soils at Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE. The near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface BDmax of the MP soil was higher than that of the NT soil by 13% at Sidney, while the near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface BDmax of the CT was higher than that of the NT soil by about 6% at Akron, Hays, and Tribune. Critical water content (CWC) for BDmax in the NT soil was higher than in the CT and MP soils except at Tribune. The BDmax decreased with increase in CWC (r = \uffe2\uff80\uff900.91). The soil liquid limit was higher for NT than for MP by 82% at Sidney, and it was higher than for CT by 14, 9, and 31% at Akron, Hays, and Tribune, respectively. The SOC concentration in NT soil was higher than in MP by 60% at Akron and 76% at Sidney, and it was higher than in CT soil by 82% at Hays. The BDmax decreased (r = \uffe2\uff88\uff920.64) and the CWC increased (r = 0.60) with an increase in SOC concentration. Across all soils, SOC concentration was a sensitive predictor of BDmax and CWC. This regional study showed that NT management\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in SOC improves the soil's ability to resist compaction.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0353"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0353", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0353", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0353"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-30", "title": "Regional Study Of No-Till Impacts On Near-Surface Aggregate Properties That Influence Soil Erodibility", "description": "<p>The extent to which tillage systems modify the near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface soil aggregate properties affecting soil's susceptibility to erosion by water and wind is not well understood. We hypothesized that an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) content with conservation tillage systems, particularly no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT), may improve near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface soil aggregate properties that influence soil erodibility. This regional study assessed changes in aggregate resistance to raindrops, dry aggregate wettability, and dry aggregate stability as well as their relationships with changes in SOC content. Four long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (&gt;19 yr) tillage systems including moldboard plow (MP), conventional till (CT), reduced till (RT), and NT were chosen across the central Great Plains at Hays and Tribune, KS, Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE. The kinetic energy (KE) of raindrops required to disintegrate 4.75\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm aggregates from NT soils equilibrated at \uffe2\uff88\uff920.03 and \uffe2\uff88\uff92155 MPa matric potential was between two and seven times greater than that required for MP and CT soils in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in all soils. At the same depth, the water drop penetration time (WDPT) in aggregates from NT soils was four times greater at Akron and Hays and seven times greater at Sidney and Tribune compared with that in plowed soils. Aggregates from NT soils were more stable under rain and less wettable than those from plowed soils particularly in the surface 0 to 5 cm, but RT had lesser beneficial effects than NT management. The SOC content increased with NT over MP and CT and explained 35% of the variability across soils in aggregate wettability and 28% of the variability in resistance to raindrops in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Aggregate wettability explained 47% of the variability across soils in KE of raindrops required for the disintegration of aggregates. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till management did not affect dry aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution and stability except at Akron where mean weight diameter (MWD) in RT and NT was 50% lower than in MP management in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Aggregates in MP and CT soils were either stronger or equally strong when dry but less stable when wet than in NT soils. Overall, NT farming enhanced near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface aggregate properties affecting erosion by water but had small or no effects on dry aggregate stability.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0401"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0401", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-07", "title": "Nitrogen Transformations And Microbial Communities In Soil Aggregates From Three Tillage Systems", "description": "<p>Quantifying N transformation processes in soil aggregates is relevant since microbial communities central to the N cycle may differ among aggregate size fractions. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that variations in microbial community composition of aggregate size fractions influence N transformation rates of soil from three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (22\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr) tillage systems (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow). Aggregate size fractions (2\uffe2\uff80\uff934, 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff931, and &lt;0.25 mm) were obtained by dry sieving. Nitrogen transformation rates were estimated by analysis of 15N pool dilution data with the FLUAZ model, and microbial community composition by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Aggregate size fraction and tillage system had significant (P &lt; 0.01) effects on total and microbial biomass C and N, gross N mineralization rate (GNMR), gross nitrification rate (GNR), and gross N immobilization rate (GIR). No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soils and the 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm aggregate size fraction had the highest N transformation rates. Net N mineralization rates were greater for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than for tilled soils. Multiple response permutation analysis of PLFA data revealed that microbial community composition did not differ with aggregate size fraction. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that microbial community composition (nonmetric multidimensional scaling Axis 1) accounted for 89% of the variation in GIR, soil C and N concentrations accounted for 88% of the variation in GNMR, and microbial biomass C concentration accounted for 81% of the variation in GNR. These results indicate that greater N transformation rates in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till than tilled soil were due primarily to increased microbial biomass (i.e., microbial population size) rather than altered microbial community composition.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel W. Israel, Wayne P. Robarge, Subathra Muruganandam,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0006", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0241", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-20", "title": "Building Up Organic Matter In A Subtropical Paleudult Under Legume Cover-Crop-Based Rotations", "description": "<p>The potential of conservation management systems to ameliorate degraded agricultural soils and mitigate global warming is related to their potential for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM). This study was performed in a 19\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old experiment that was set up on a degraded Paleudult (220 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 clay) in southern Brazil to (i) evaluate the effect of seven no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till crop rotations (grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and legume\uffe2\uff80\uff90based cover crop systems) and mineral N fertilization (0 and 145 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on soil organic C (SOC) stocks (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9317.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) and (ii) estimate rates of SOM dynamics in these systems under subtropical climate conditions. Annual C input (shoot + root) ranged from 2.61 to 7.84 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with the highest values in legume\uffe2\uff80\uff90based and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized cropping systems. The SOC stocks were closely related to C input levels, and a minimum C input of 4.05 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was estimated to maintain the original SOC stock of 31.38 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Based on the one\uffe2\uff80\uff90compartment model of SOM dynamics, the SOM decomposition rate was estimated to be 1.2% and the humification coefficient was estimated to be 9.6%. After 19 yr, the stock of the original SOC decreased to about 24.78 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while accumulation of SOC derived from the crops ranged from 4.26 to 12.79 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Our results highlighted the benefits of legume cover crop species in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems for the stabilization of SOC in degraded agricultural soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0241"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0241", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0241", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0241"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-18", "description": "<p>In semiarid agroecosystems of the Ebro valley (NE Spain) soils are characterized by low soil organic matter (SOM) and a weak structure. In this study we investigated the individual and combined effect of tillage system (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, NT; reduced tillage, RT; conventional tillage, CT) and cropping system (barley\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation at the Pe\uffc3\uffb1aflor site, PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BF and continuous barley at the Pe\uffc3\uffb1aflor site, PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage as well as the physical protection of SOM fractions by soil aggregates in three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental sites. In both cropping systems, total SOC content was more than 30% higher in NT compared with CT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The suppression of fallowing in the PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB cropping system led to a greater SOC stabilization only in NT. In all the three sites, greater proportion of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable macroaggregates (&gt;250 \uffce\uffbcm) was found under NT than under CT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Macroaggregate organic C concentration (250\uffe2\uff80\uff932000 \uffce\uffbcm) was greater in NT compared with CT in the BB cropping system, but did not differ with tillage treatment in the PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BF rotation. Greater proportion of microaggregates within macroaggregates in NT compared with CT was only found in the Agramunt site (AG). However, greater C stabilized inside these microaggregates was observed in AG, Selvanera site (SV), and PN\uffe2\uff80\uff90BB in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The results of this study demonstrate that in the semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems of the Ebro valley, the adoption of NT together with the suppression of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallowing period can significantly increase the amount of SOC stabilized in the soil surface and improve soil structure and aggregation.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Conservation agriculture", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Semiarid zones", "Soil", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Soil organic carbon (soc)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0392", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-22", "description": "<p>Topography is one of the major factors affecting soil C and N contents at the field/landscape level. However, topographical effects are likely to differ in magnitude in different agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to examine the interactions between topography and management systems on soil C and N. The study was conducted at the Kellogg Biological Station Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in southwest Michigan. The studied treatments were chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90plow (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) with conventional chemical inputs and a chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90plow organic management system with winter leguminous cover crops (CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover). At the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in both upperslope and valley positions total C and N contents of NT management were the highest followed by CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover and then CT. At 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths, treatment effects varied depending on the landscape position. There were no differences among the treatments in upperslopes, while in the valleys total C and N tended to be the highest in NT and CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover followed by CT. The results indicated the importance of accounting for interaction between topography and management practices when assessing C sequestration across landscapes with varying topography. Total C stocks at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths were around 35, 32, and 27 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil (\uffc2\uffb1 2 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921standard error) in CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover, NT, and CT, respectively, across upperslopes and valleys. Overall, CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover was found to be as efficient in maintaining C and N content as no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till with conventional chemical inputs. Power analysis for C and N stocks at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth revealed that because of high variability in total C and N stocks at greater depths, the 10 to 30 samples per treatment available in this study were inadequate to detect differences in C and N stocks if thh differences were &lt; 26 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0392"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0392", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0392", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0392"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0415", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "description": "<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage and manure application can alter a soil's ability to sequester nutrients and mineralize C and N. A laboratory incubation study (C and N mineralization) evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term impact of poultry litter (PL) application (&gt;10 yr) and tillage practice (&gt;25 yr). Soil chemical properties (pH, total C, total N, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901 extractable P, K, Ca, and Mg) were also assessed. Soil was collected (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths) from continuous soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea maysL.) systems managed under conventional tillage (CT) or no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) with either PL or inorganic fertilizer (IF) applications. The study was located in northeast Alabama on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (a fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludult). Poultry litter and NT increased soil nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), primarily at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till concentrated nutrients near the soil surface as opposed to the more even distribution seen under CT. The NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90PL treatment had higher soil C for corn and soybean (2.25 and 1.83 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921C, respectively), followed by NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90IF (1.73 and 1.11 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921C, respectively). Carbon and N mineralization was higher at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth for NT and CT compared with lower depths. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term PL application increased C and N mineralization more than IF. As depth increased, more C and N mineralization occurred under CT due to plow layer mixing. Results indicated that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage with PL application can increase soil C and N mineralization, nutrient retention, and organic matter.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0415"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0415", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2008.0415", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2008.0415"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Agricultural management affects active carbon and nitrogen mineralisation potential in soils", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Agricultural management - including soil amendments - can improve soil fertility and contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilising carbon in soils. This calls for cost-effective parameters to assess&amp;amp;#160; the influence of management practices on SOM. The current study aimed at understanding how sensitive the parameters active/permanganate oxidisable carbon (AC) and nitrogen mineralisation potential (NMP) react to different agricultural management practices compared to total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). We aimed to gain a better understanding of SOM processes, mainly regarding depth distribution and seasonality of SOM dynamics using AC and NMP.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data were obtained in five Austrian long-term field experiments (LTEs) testing four management practices: i) tillage, ii) compost application, iii) crop residue management, and iv) mineral fertilisation.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;AC was specifically sensitive in detecting the effect of tillage treatment at different soil depths. NMP differentiated between all different tillage treatments in the top soil layer, it showed the temporal dynamics between the years in the compost LTE, and it was identified as an early detection property in the crop residue LTE. Both AC and NMP detected short-term fluctuations better than TOC and Nt over the course of two years in the crop residue LTE. Thus, we suggest that AC and NMP are two valuable soil biochemical parameters providing more detailed information on C and N dynamics regarding depth distribution and seasonal dynamics and react more sensitively to different agricultural management practices compared to TOC and Nt. They should be integrated in monitoring agricultural LTEs and in field analyses conducted by farmers. However, when evaluating results of long-term carbon storage, their sensitivity towards annual fluctuations should be taken into account.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "agricultural long-term experiments", "N-MINERALIZATION", "climate change mitigation", "", "agricultural long-term experiments", "", "climate change mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "soil organic matter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "ENZYME-ACTIVITIES", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "106026 Ecosystem research", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "early parameters of change", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "CROP", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PERMANGANATE-OXIDIZABLE CARBON", "6. Clean water", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "RESIDUE MANAGEMENT", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.202100130"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0280", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Soil Aggregates And Their Associated Carbon And Nitrogen Content In Winter Annual Pastures", "description": "<p>Winter annual pastures are traditionally established using traditional tillage (TT) on grazing areas that are steeply sloping and not suitable for row\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop production. This leads to increased erosion and rapid soil degradation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of tillage intensity on water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable soil aggregates (WSA), their C and N content, and soil bulk density (BD). The study consisted of three tillage treatments; TT, disk tillage (DT), and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT). Total WSA was greater in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer than the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layer for the DT and NT treatments, but was similar in the TT treatment. Mean WSA in the four largest aggregate size classes was greatest in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer but similar for both sample depths in the smallest size class. As aggregate size decreased, relative aggregate content at the toeslope position increased. For all tillage treatments and soil depths, mean WSA decreased from the largest size class (&gt;4 mm) to the next size class (4\uffe2\uff80\uff932 mm), and increased thereafter as aggregate size decreased. Soil BD was unaffected by tillage treatment. Water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregate C and N content and weights were equivalent in the DT and NT treatments and greater than the TT treatment. Winter annual grass production using DT or NT practices is a viable means of maintaining or enhancing soil quality.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0280"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0280", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-22", "description": "<p>Soil microbial responses to climate warming in temperate regions may interact with the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition. In addition, the combined effects of these factors on microbial activity during the plant growing season may differ from the effects over winter, when reduced plant soil C inputs and soil freezing can alter microbial nutrient availability and demand. We examined seasonal changes in soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), microbial biomass C and N, and soil fungal and bacterial content in a warming and N addition experiment in a temperate old field. For EEA, we examined both hydrolases (organic C degrading enzymes, a chitinase and phosphatase) and ligninases (phenol oxidase and peroxidase). While both hydrolase and ligninase activities exhibited significant seasonal variation, EEA was unresponsive to the experimental treatments. Microbial biomass C increased with warming year round, however, and microbial biomass N increased with N addition but only over summer. Despite increased microbial biomass in response to warming, phosphatase was the only enzyme that exhibited a significant change in specific activity (enzyme activity per unit of microbial biomass) in response to warming. Likewise, soil fungal and bacterial biomass varied seasonally, but treatment effects on these variables were minimal. Overall, while the effects of N addition on microbial N varied seasonally, microbial responses were relatively insensitive to the warming and N addition treatments in our experiment. This insensitivity was unexpected given the large treatment effects on plant productivity and soil N dynamics documented during the same time frame in the field experiment.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0036", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0048", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-07", "title": "Tillage And Residue Removal Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Storage In The North China Plain", "description": "<p>Little information is available about their influences of conservation tillage on the distribution and storage of soil organic C (SOC) and total N in soil profiles in the North China Plain. We investigated the changes in SOC and total N as related to the shift from conventional to conservation tillage using a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiment with a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn (Zea mays L.) double cropping system. The experiment included four tillage treatments for winter wheat: moldboard plow without corn residue return (MP\uffe2\uff88\uff92R), moldboard plow with corn residue return (MP+R), rotary tillage (RT), and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT). Compared with the MP\uffe2\uff88\uff92R treatment, returning crop residue to the soil (MP+R, RT, and NT) increased SOC and total N in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil layer, but no distinct changes in SOC and total N concentration were observed among the four treatments at soil depths &gt;30 cm. Compared with the MP+R treatment, the RT and NT treatments increased SOC and total N concentration significantly in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layer but decreased SOC and total N concentration in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layers. As a consequence, soil profile SOC and total N storage did not vary among the MP+R, RT, and NT treatments. Thus under the experimental conditions, conservation tillage (RT and NT) increased SOC and total N contents in the upper soil layers, but did not increase SOC and total N storage over conventional tillage (MP+R) in the soil profile.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0048"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0048", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0048", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0048"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0072", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "title": "Tillage And Inorganic Nitrogen Source Effects On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Irrigated Cropping Systems", "description": "<p>Nitrogen fertilization is essential for optimizing crop yields; however, it increases N2O emissions. The study objective was to compare N2O emissions resulting from application of commercially available enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency N fertilizers with emissions from conventional dry granular urea in irrigated cropping systems. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored from corn (Zea mays L.) based rotations receiving fertilizer rates of 246 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 when in corn, 56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 when in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and 157 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 when in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare). Cropping systems included conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till continuous corn (CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till continuous corn (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93dry bean (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CDb), and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93barley (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CB). In the NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC and CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC systems, a controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90release, polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (ESN) and dry granular urea were compared. In the NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CDb and NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CB rotations, a stabilized urea source (SuperU) was compared with urea. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during two growing seasons using static, vented chambers and a gas chromatograph analyzer. Cumulative growing season N2O emissions from urea and ESN application were not different under CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC, but ESN reduced N2O emissions 49% compared with urea under NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC. Compared with urea, SuperU reduced N2O emissions by 27% in dry bean and 54% in corn in the NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CDb rotation and by 19% in barley and 51% in corn in the NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CB rotation. This work shows that the use of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency N fertilizers can potentially reduce N2O emissions from irrigated systems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. D. Halvorson, S. J. Del Grosso, ALLUVIONE, Francesco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0072"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0072", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0072", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0072"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0078", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "description": "<p>Quantifying N2O emissions from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields under different fertilizer regimes is essential to developing national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to compare N2O emissions in plots managed for more than 15 yr under continuous corn (C/C) vs. a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (C/S) rotation that were fertilized during the corn phase with either anhydrous NH3 (AA) or urea (U). During three growing seasons, N2O emissions from corn following corn were nearly identical to corn following soybean. In both systems, however, N2O emissions with AA were twice the emissions with U. After accounting for N2O emissions during the soybean phase, it was estimated that a shift from C/S to C/C would result in an increase in annual emissions of 0.78 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (equivalent to 0.11 Mg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) when AA was used, compared with only 0.21 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (0.03 Mg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) with U. In light of trends toward increased use of U, these results suggest that fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced soil N2O emissions may decline in the future, at least per unit of applied N, although further study is needed in different soils and cropping systems. While soil CO2 emissions were 20% higher under C/C, crop residue from the prior year did not affect soil inorganic N or dissolved organic C during the subsequent season. We also compared different flux\uffe2\uff80\uff90calculation schemes, including a new method for correcting chamber\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced errors, and found that selection of a calculation method altered N2O emissions estimates by as much as 35%.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0078"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0078", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0319", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-24", "description": "No-till (NT) management can reduce corn (Zea mays L.) yields relative to moldboard plow tillage (MP) on fine-textured soils in cool humid climates. Zone tillage (ZT) consists of tilling the corn row only (zone in, ZI) and leaving the interrows uncultivated (zone out, ZO) and has increased corn yields relative to NT. In this study, soil organic C (SOC) content, bulk density, and penetration resistance were compared among ZT, ZI, ZO, MP, and NT for a Brookston clay loam soil (Typic Argiaquoll) in southern Ontario, Canada. Relative to MP, NT produced SOC stratification, with significantly greater SOC in the surface soil (0-5 cm) but lower SOC in the subsurface soil (10-30 cm). Zone tillage produced SOC and total soil N levels that were similar to NT near the soil surface but similar to MP in the subsurface. On an equivalent soil mass basis (4570 Mg ha \u20151 ), ZT increased SOC storage (80.6 Mg C ha \u20151 ) by 11.2 and 12.5% compared with NT and MP, respectively. Penetration resistance and bulk density at the 0- to 20-cm depth were lower in ZI than the other tillage treatments. Soil moisture content at the 0- to 12-cm depth under ZO was similar to NT and both were greater than ZI and MP. Zone tillage did not reduce stratification of SOC or total soil N; however, ZI decreased bulk density stratification. We concluded that ZT has the potential to improve both SOC sequestration and selected soil properties relative to NT and MP on fine-textured soils in cool, humid climates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0319"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0319", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0319", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0319"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-22", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Stability In Intensively Managed Ponderosa Pine Stands In California", "description": "<p>Forest soils comprise a large portion of the global terrestrial C pool, and soil organic matter (SOM) is essential to soil function and forest productivity; however, responses of SOM quality to changes in fertility, moisture availability, or management are not well understood. We tested the effects of two common forest management practices, fertilization and competing vegetation control using herbicides, on surface SOM distribution and stability characteristics in three ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Lawson &amp; C. Lawson) plantations of differing productivity, soil type, and parent material in northern California by using density fractionation and aerobic laboratory incubation of the surface soils. The treatment effects on pine productivity revealed responses dominated by moisture limitation at the less productive sites and by nutrient limitation at the most productive site. The stability of surface SOM increased with increasing site productivity. Fertilization increased N concentrations and decreased C/N ratios in whole soils and light fractions at the less productive sites, and the effects persisted for more than a decade. Furthermore, fertilization increased soil C mineralization from the intermediate\uffe2\uff80\uff90productivity site during incubation. In contrast, fertilization decreased C mineralization from the most productive site, suggesting that fertilization increased SOM stabilization at this site. Controlling understory vegetation with herbicides reduced N availability, as evidenced by reduced light\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction N at the poorest site and decreased N mineralization during incubation. Our study demonstrates the importance of site characteristics and the use of a combination of indices in determining the effects of forest management practices on SOM characteristics and dynamics.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0062", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0076", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "description": "<p>Greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions were measured in a field experiment evaluating preplant swine effluent application methods for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn (Zea mays L.) grain production. The treatments included a control, an inorganic fertilizer treatment receiving 179 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as urea\uffe2\uff80\uff93NH4NO3 (UAN), and three effluent application methods that received a target rate of 200 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The effluent treatments included surface application, direct injection, and application in combination with soil aeration. Gas emission measurements were initiated after application and collected throughout the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons using a vented chamber technique. There were no significant differences in CO2 losses, which averaged 738 and 718 g CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Placement of effluent below the soil surface by injection or aeration resulted in elevated CH4 emissions compared with the control. Injection emitted significantly more CH4 than surface applications, with emissions of 0.26 and 0.80 g CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 from the injection treatments in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, N2O emissions were similar for the UAN, surface effluent, and aeration effluent treatments, emitting an average of 0.72 g N2O m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 In contrast, the injection treatment emitted 0.47 g N2O m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 In 2008, this trend was reversed, with the injection treatment emitting 0.82 g N2O m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and the remaining N source treatments emitting an average of 0.36 g N2O m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 These differences between years probably resulted from differences in rainfall distribution. These results demonstrate that climatic conditions and application method need consideration when evaluating the impact of liquid manure management on greenhouse gas emissions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0076"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0076", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0076", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0076"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "description": "<p>Alternative N fertilizers that stimulate low greenhouse gas emissions from soil are needed to reduce the impact of agriculture on global warming. Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in a calcareous silt loam soil in northwestern Italy was fertilized with a municipal solid waste compost and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) green manure. Their potential to reduce N2O and CO2 emissions was compared with that of urea (130 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Gaseous fluxes were measured for 2 yr in the spring (after soil incorporation of fertilizers) and in summer. In spring, the slow mineralization of compost reduced N2O emissions (0.11% of supplied N) relative to urea (3.4% of applied N), without an increase in CO2 fluxes. Nitrous oxide (2.31% of fixed N) and CO2 emissions from rapid vetch decomposition did not differ from urea. When N2O and CO2 fluxes were combined, compost reduced by 49% the CO2 equivalent emitted following urea application. Vetch did not show such an effect. In summer, no fertilizer effect was found on N2O and CO2 emissions. Compost proved to be potentially suitable to reduce the CO2 equivalent emitted after soil incorporation while vetch did not. For a thorough evaluation, net greenhouse gas emissions assessment should be extended to the entire N life cycle. Differences between calculated N2O emission factors and the default Tier 1 value of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1%) confirmed the need for site\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific estimations.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/127025/2/post%20print%20Alluvione%20et%20al%202010.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0092", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.12128/22894", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-06", "title": "Soil fauna drives vertical redistribution of soil organic carbon in a long\u2010term irrigated dry pine forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Summer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term SOC storage.</p><p>In a drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale irrigation experiment for 17\uffc2\uffa0years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh\uffe2\uff80\uff90size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition.</p><p>The 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.0\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss ofQuercus pubescensandViburnum lantanaleaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold increase in the abundance of meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs.</p><p>Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "carbon cycling", "drought", "litter decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Carbon", "soil biota", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "forest", "carbon cycling; carbon storage; climate change; drought; forest; litter decomposition; mesofauna communities; soil biota", "climate change", "mesofauna communities", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.16122"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.12128/22894"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.12128/22894", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.12128/22894", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.12128/22894"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-07", "description": "<p>Recent studies suggest that mineral soils of temperate ecosystems have a limit in C sequestration capacity, and we reasoned that C saturation will be most evident in soils that are already rich in soil organic C (SOC) and have been exposed to a broad range of C inputs. Therefore, we determined soil C saturation in an agricultural experiment located in Ellerslie, AB, Canada, where organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90matter\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils have been cropped to cereal grain for 25 yr. In this experiment, the soils were subject to a broad range of soil C inputs due to a combination of straw retention, tillage, and N fertilization treatments. We determined if C saturation is occurring in soil size fractions that are functionally different. Soils were highly aggregated, with &gt;85% of the soils consisting of macroaggregates. Straw retention, tillage, and N fertilization had no significant effect on the SOC concentration of most soil fractions. Soil organic C concentration of whole soil and soil aggregates isolated from whole soil did not increase with greater soil C inputs. Most of the soil fractions within the large or small macroaggregates did not sequester additional SOC in response to higher soil C inputs. Conversely, SOC concentration in experimental plot soils was significantly lower than that of adjacent grassland soils, which suggests that the maximum C sequestration level for a specific soil type depends on the management practices used. We conclude that C sequestration is governed by C saturation in this highly structured and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90C soil. Our study suggests that soils of temperate ecosystems that are closer to their C saturation capacity may store additional C less effectively than soils that are further away from their saturation capacity.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0097", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-07", "description": "<p>Laboratory and field CO2 efflux measurements were used to investigate the influence of soil organic C (SOC) decomposability and soil microclimate on summer SOC dynamics in seasonally dry montane forest and rangeland soils at the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest in northern Utah. Soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture content (SMC) were measured between July and October 2004 and 2005 in 12 control and 12 irrigated plots laid out in a randomized block design in adjacent forest (aspen or conifer) and rangeland (sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt.] or grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93forb) sites. Irrigated plots received a single water addition of 2.5 cm in July 2004 and two additions in July 2005. The SOC decomposability in mineral soil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320, and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) was derived from 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90mo lab incubations. The amount of SOC accumulated in the A horizon (16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and the top 1 m (74 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the mineral soil did not differ significantly among vegetation type, but upper forest soils tended to contain more decomposable SOC than rangeland soils. The CO2 efflux measured in the field varied significantly with vegetation cover (aspen &gt; conifer = sagebrush &gt; grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93forb), ranging from 12 kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in aspen to 5 kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93forb sites. It increased (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc35%) immediately following water additions, with treatment effects dissipating within 1 wk. Soil temperature and SMC, which were negatively correlated (r = \uffe2\uff88\uff920.53), together explained \uffe2\uff88\uffbc60% of the variability in summer soil respiration. Our study suggests that vegetation cover influences summer CO2 efflux rates through its effect on SOC quality and the soil microclimate.</p>", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olsen, Harley R., Van Miegroet, Helga,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/docdan/article/1140/viewcontent/j.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0095", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Charcoal Volatile Matter Content Influences Plant Growth And Soil Nitrogen Transformations", "description": "<p>A series of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term greenhouse experiments and laboratory incubations were conducted to evaluate the effect of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden &amp; Betche) nut shell (MNS) charcoal with varying volatile matter (VM) content on soil properties and plant growth in two tropical soils. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were planted in an Andisol amended with four rates of MNS charcoal (0, 5, 10, and 20% w/w) containing relatively high VM content (225 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) with and without N fertilizer. Increasing rates of charcoal without N caused a significant decline in both lettuce and corn growth. Corn growth declined significantly with or without N at the two highest charcoal rates. In a third experiment, corn growth also declined significantly in an Ultisol amended with the MNS charcoal (5% w/w) with and without fertilizers. In a fourth experiment, charcoals with high VM (225 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) showed negative effects on plant growth while the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90VM (63.0 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) charcoal supplemented with fertilizer showed a significant positive effect on corn growth. Results from the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90wk incubation experiments showed that high\uffe2\uff80\uff90VM charcoal caused a significant decline in soil NH4+\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and a significant increase in soil respiration compared with the soil amended with low\uffe2\uff80\uff90VM charcoal and the soil alone. We propose that phenolic compounds and other products in the high\uffe2\uff80\uff90VM charcoal stimulated microbial growth and immobilization of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available N. Our results demonstrate that VM content appears to be an important property of charcoal that has short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects on soil N transformations and plant growth. Longer incubation experiments and field trials are needed to further elucidate the role of charcoal VM content on soil processes and plant growth.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jonathan L. 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