Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature pyrolysis of biomass produces a product known as biochar The incorporation of this material into the soil has been advocated as a C sequestration method. Biochar also has the potential to influence the soil N cycle by altering nitrification rates and by adsorbing or NH3 Biochar can be incorporated into the soil during renovation of intensively managed pasture soils. These managed pastures are a significant source of N2O, a greenhouse gas, produced in ruminant urine patches. We hypothesized that biochar effects on the N cycle could reduce the soil inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool available for N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing mechanisms. A laboratory study was performed to examine the effect of biochar incorporation into soil (20 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N fluxes, and inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N transformations, following the application of bovine urine (760 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Treatments included controls (soil only and soil plus biochar), and two urine treatments (soil plus urine and soil plus biochar plus urine). Fluxes of N2O from the biochar plus urine treatment were generally higher than from urine alone during the first 30 d, but after 50 d there was no significant difference (P = 0.11) in terms of cumulative N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emitted as a percentage of the urine N applied during the 53\uffe2\uff80\uff90d period; however, NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N fluxes were enhanced by approximately 3% of the N applied in the biochar plus urine treatment compared with the urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90only treatment after 17 d. Soil inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pools differed between treatments, with higher concentrations in the presence of biochar, indicative of lower rates of nitrification. The inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool available for N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing mechanisms was not reduced, however, by adding biochar.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bovine urine", "550", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "soil nitrogen", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "veterinary and food sciences", "Marsden::300103 Soil chemistry", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0223", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-22", "description": "A sandy prairie remnant in the Lower Wisconsin River Valley, encroachment areas within the prairie, and an adjacent red pine (Pinus resinosaAiton) plantation were studied to determine the influence of woody cover on C dynamics. Field transects, aerial imagery, and a geographic information system were used to quantify encroachment from 1979 to 2002. A linear encroachment model predicted 100% encroachment of the 6.0\uffe2\uff80\uff90ha prairie in 50 yr. Four field plots in each of pine, prairie, and encroachment areas were sampled and soils collected (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9318, 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9338, and 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9375 cm) in 2004 and 2008. Total ecosystem C was greater in pine (126.6 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and encroachment areas (71.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than prairie (48.3 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). In the 0 to 38 cm, coarse particulate organic matter (POM) (4.1, 6.3, and 7.5 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and the POM C/N ratio (15.1, 16.2, and 20.2) increased with woody encroachment (prairie, encroachment areas, and pine, respectively). Changes in POM suggest more organic inputs and slower decomposition, but due to minimal protection of C within aggregates, increased total soil C was not observed with woody advancement (46.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9347.2 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Microbial biomass (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9338 cm) was greatest in encroachment areas, followed by prairie, and then pine (108, 84, and 51 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively), probably a result of more favorable microclimate and substrate at the ecotone boundary. Potential N mineralization (0.6, 2.8, and 4.8 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921d\uffe2\uff88\uff921), extractable NH4+(28, 33, and 57 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and Bray\uffe2\uff80\uff901 P (380, 402, and 541 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9338 cm) increased with woody cover, and increased nutrient availability could lead to a greater aboveground C sink through increased tree growth.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brian J. Lepore, James G. Bockheim, Mario L. Flores-Mangual, Birl Lowery, Bryant C. Scharenbroch,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0223"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0223", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0223", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0223"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0135", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-27", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Grassland Soil Acidification: Consequences On Diffusive Phosphorus Ions", "description": "Soil acidification due to N supplied from fertilizer or aerial deposition in grasslands is well recognized and documented; however, little is known about its consequences on soil P availability. This question was addressed on a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiment done on grassland in Erc\uffc3\uffa9 (Central Pyrenees, France), where plots were treated for 6 yr with a factorial combination of mineral N added as NH4NO3 (0 and 190 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and P (0 and 50 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and managed with a frequent defoliation regime (3 cuts yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Diffusive PO4 ion dynamics at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93solution interface was determined by coupling sorption studies with 32P labeling of PO4 ions (Pi) and dilution analysis. Results showed that the soil pH did not change in zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90N treatments (5.9 \uffc2\uffb1 0.1) in comparison with the initial soil (5.9 \uffc2\uffb1 0.1), whereas it decreased to 5.3 \uffc2\uffb1 0.1 on N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated soils. Meanwhile the cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents decreased significantly and the saturation percentage of the adsorption complex by Al3+ increased from 2 to 15; no changes were observed for untreated soils. Furthermore, the gross amount of diffusive Pi (Pr) was accurately described as a function of the concentration of PO4 ions in the solution (Cp) and time (t) by a Freundlich kinetic equation; these dynamics were significantly modified by N supply but not by P.
", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0135"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0135", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0135", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0135"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0214", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-23", "description": "Development or identification of cropping systems that conserve soil and water, sequester soil organic C (SOC), and improve soil productivity is a high research priority, particularly in semiarid regions. We assessed the impacts of 33\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cropping systems on near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface soil structural, compaction, and hydraulic properties and their relationships with SOC concentration on a nearly level Crete silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Pachic Argiustoll) in the central Great Plains. Five cropping systems (sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow [SF], continuous sorghum [SS], winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow [WSF], wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow [WF], and continuous wheat [WW]) under reduced tillage (RT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) were studied. Cropping systems significantly impacted soil properties. Wet aggregate stability and aggregate water repellency in WW were two to five times greater than in other rotations for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth. The WW and WSF retained 10 to 16% more water than SF between 0 and \uffe2\uff88\uff923 kPa matric potentials under NT. The WW reduced bulk density (\uffcf\uff81b) and increased cumulative water infiltration over other rotations under NT. The WW increased SOC concentration over all other rotations under NT and SF and SS under RT in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The SF affected soil properties more adversely than WF. Wet aggregate stability, water repellency, total porosity, cumulative water infiltration, and soil water retention increased while \uffcf\uff81b decreased with an increase in SOC concentration. Wet aggregate stability increased with an increase in aggregate water repellency (r > 0.80, P < 0.001). Overall, intensification of cropping systems such as WW coupled with NT improved soil physical properties and increased SOC concentration.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Phillip W. Stahlman, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Loyd R. Stone,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0214"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0214", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0214", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0214"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0354", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-24", "title": "Fertilizer And Tillage Management Impacts On Non-Carbon-Dioxide Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "Recent efforts have attempted to establish emission estimates for greenhouse gas (GHGs) from agricultural soils in the United States. This research project was conducted to assess the influence of cropping system management on non-CO 2 GHG emissions from an eastern Corn Belt Alfisol. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation plots were established, as were plots in continuous management of native grasses or sorghum-sudan-grass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench nothossp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse]. Greenhouse gas fluxes were monitored throughout each growing season from 2004 through 2007. Fluxes of N 2 O were significantly correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.001), and thus a temperature (Q 10 ) correction was made (3.48 for N 2 O). Nitrous oxide emissions from corn were lowest from the precision tillage treatment (2.4 kg N ha \u20151 yr \u20151 ), significantly lower than the conventional tillage (4.9 kg N ha \u20151 yr \u20151 ) or cover crop corn treatments (5.0 kg N ha \u20151 yr \u20151 ). Corn-soybean and biomass-based cropping systems resulted in significantly greater N 2 O emissions than native grasses. There was a positive correlation between the N fertilization rate and N 2 O emissions when comparing all treatments in this study. These soils were typically a sink for atmospheric CH 4 for these cropping systems, and thus N 2 O is the primary non-CO 2 GHGs of concern. When evaluating the entire cropping system, native grasses resulted in the lowest N 2 O emissions, while a corn-soybean rotation planted with precision tillage resulted in N 2 O emissions similar to bare soil and were significantly lower than emissions from the other cropping systems assessed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0354"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0354", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0354", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0354"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0335", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Cropping Intensity Impacts On Soil Aggregation And Carbon Sequestration In The Central Great Plains", "description": "The predominant cropping system in the Central Great Plains is conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93summer fallow. We investigated the effect of 15 yr of cropping intensities, fallow frequencies, and tillage (CT and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till [NT]) practices on soil organic C (SOC) sequestration, particulate organic matter (POM), and wet aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution. A crop rotation study was initiated in 1990 at Akron, CO, on a silt loam. In 2005, soil samples were collected from the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths in permanent grass, native prairie, and cropping intensities (CI) that included winter wheat, corn (Zea mays L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), and summer fallow. The native prairie was sampled to provide a reference point for changes in soil parameters. The most intensive crop rotation significantly increased C sequestration compared with the other CIs where fallow occurred once every 2 or 3 yr. Legume presence in the rotation did not improve SOC sequestration relative to summer fallow. Significant amounts of macroaggregates were associated with grass and intensive cropping compared with the rotations that included fallow. Reduced fallow frequency and continuous cropping significantly increased soil POM near the surface compared with NT wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow. Macroaggregates exhibited a significant positive relationship with SOC and POM. A significant negative correlation was observed between microaggregates and POM, especially at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Overall, a positive effect of continuous cropping and NT was observed on macroaggregate formation and stabilization as well as SOC and POM.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Joseph G. Benjamin, Merle F. Vigil, Maysoon M. Mikha, David C. Nielson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0335"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0335", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0335", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0335"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0362", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-22", "description": "The use of conservation tillage systems for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has increased in recent years because of several factors including their potential to reduce losses or sequester soil organic C (SOC). This study evaluated the effects on SOC of three cropping systems (continuous corn [CC], continuous soybean [CSB], and soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn [SB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C]) in six primary tillage systems (chisel, disk, plow, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, ridge\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and subtill) under rainfed conditions in southeastern Nebraska. Soil samples were collected in depth increments of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm in the fall of 1989 and 2004 after harvest and analyzed for SOC. No significant differences in SOC concentrations were obtained among tillage treatments in any depth in a partial sampling of a study that was done in 1989. Tillage treatment and cropping system both significantly affected SOC concentrations and reserves at all depths in 2004, but only bulk density at a few depths. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till SOC reserves ranged from 4.8 to 11.6 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 greater than SOC reserves in the other tillage treatments in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. Similarly, SOC concentrations and reserves were greatest in CC and least in CSB, with intermediate values for SB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C in all tillage systems. Soil organic C levels were maintained or even increased in all tillage systems; however, the greatest increases were obtained in systems with the least amount of soil disturbance, which strongly supports the adoption and use of conservation tillage systems for soil sustainability.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wally Wilhelm, Gary E. Varvel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0362"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0362", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0362", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0362"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0414", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-30", "description": "Soil C sequestration research has historically focused on the top 0 to 30 cm of the soil profile, ignoring deeper portions that might also respond to management. In this study we sampled soils along a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment management intensity gradient to a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth to test the hypothesis that C gains in surface soils are offset by losses lower in the profile. Treatments included four annual cropping systems in a corn (Zea mays)\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean (Glycine max)\uffe2\uff80\uff90 wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation, perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and poplar (Populus x euramericana), and four unmanaged successional systems. The annual grain systems included conventionally tilled, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, reduced\uffe2\uff80\uff90input, and organic systems. Unmanaged treatments included a 12\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old early successional community, two 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional communities, and a mature forest never cleared for agriculture. All treatments were replicated three to six times and all cropping systems were 12 yr post\uffe2\uff80\uff90establishment when sampled. Surface soil C concentrations and total C pools were significantly greater under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, organic, early successional, never\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional, and deciduous forest systems than in the conventionally managed cropping system (p \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.05, n = 3\uffe2\uff80\uff936 replicate sites). We found no consistent differences in soil C at depth, despite intensive sampling (30\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 deep soil cores per treatment). Carbon concentrations in the B/Bt and Bt2/C horizons were lower and two and three times more variable, respectively, than in surface soils. We found no evidence for C gains in the surface soils of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and other treatments to be either offset or magnified by carbon change at depth.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0414"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0414", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0414", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0414"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-29", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Under Irrigated Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) Production", "description": "Perennial herbaceous crops such as switchgrass are important sources of cellulosic biomass for the developing bioenergy industry. Assessments of how much C will be lost or sequestered into soil and the turnover rates of that C are needed to assist producers and policymakers in determining the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term sustainability of biomass production. We used the natural13C abundance of soils to calculate the quantity and turnover of C4\uffe2\uff88\uff92C inputs in irrigated fields cropped to switchgrass monocultures. Soil profile root biomass produced after three seasons averaged 3.9 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921m\uffe2\uff88\uff921Five years of cropping showed a 1200 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921increase in soil organic C (SOC) in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth increment, with no change below 15 cm. The surface 15 cm of soil cropped to \uffe2\uff80\uff98Kanlow\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and \uffe2\uff80\uff98Shawnee\uffe2\uff80\uff99 had a \uffce\uffb413C enrichment of 3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 above the native uncultivated soil, with 3.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 for \uffe2\uff80\uff98Cave in Rock,\uffe2\uff80\uff99 with an average 2\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 enrichment compared with the soil collected before switchgrass establishment. Enrichment in the 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 90\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths averaged 1.7 and 0.9\uffe2\uff80\uffb0, respectively. The amount of soil profile C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C determined by \uffce\uffb413C analysis showed a greater C input than determined by the difference in total C mass between the uncultivated native and cropped soils. The average accrual rate of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93SOC was estimated at 1.0 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921Estimates of the mean residence time of the C3\uffe2\uff88\uff92C under the irrigated C4monocultures of switchgrass were >60 yr in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm and 30 to 55 yr in the 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth increments. On average, 24% of SOC in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth was derived from C4cropping.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chad E. Kruger, David Granatstein, Steven C. Fransen, J. L. Smith, Harold P. Collins, Ashok K. Alva,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0020", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0447", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Land Use And Management Practices Impact On Plant Biomass Carbon And Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission", "description": "Land use and management practices may influence plant C inputs and soil CO2 emission. We evaluated the effect of a combination of irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on plant biomass C, soil temperature and water content at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth, and CO2 emission in a sandy loam soil from April to October, 2006 to 2008, in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated and unirrigated) and six cropping systems (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled malt barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] with N fertilizer [CTBFN], conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled malt barley with no N fertilizer [CTBON], no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled malt barley\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea [Pisum sativum L.] with N fertilizer [NTB\uffe2\uff80\uff90PN], no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled malt barley with N fertilizer [NTBFN], no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled malt barley with no N fertilizer [NTBON], and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled Conservation Reserve Program [NTCRP]). Plant biomass C was greater in NTBFN than in NTBON in 2006 and 2007 but was greater in NTB\uffe2\uff80\uff90PN than in CTBON, NTBON, or NTCRP in 2008. Soil temperature was greater but water content was lower in NTCRP than in CTBFN and NTBFN. Soil CO2 flux peaked immediately following heavy rain or irrigation (>15 mm). Total CO2 flux from April to October was greater in the irrigated than in the unirrigated practice and greater in NTCRP than in annual cropping systems. Soil CO2 emission was probably related more to soil temperature and water content or tillage than to aboveground plant C input. Because of reduced CO2 flux compared with CTBON and NTCRP but similar biomass yield as NTBFN and CTBFN, NTB\uffe2\uff80\uff90PN may be used to reduce CO2 emission from croplands in the northern Great Plains.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jalal D. Jabro, Upendra M. Sainju, Thecan Caesar-TonThat, William B. Stevens,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0447"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0447", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0447", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0447"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-29", "description": "Under semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions, scarce attention has been given to the utilization of permanent cover crops (PCCs) in vineyard agroecosystems to increase soil organic C (SOC) and to improve the soil quality. We evaluated the feasibility of two permanent cover crops (resident vegetation, RV, and \uffe2\uff80\uff98Aurora gold\uffe2\uff80\uff99 blue fescue [Festuca longifoliaThuill.] vegetation, FV) to increase SOC and to improve the soil quality with respect to conventional tillage in a semiarid vineyard. We studied the influence of these management practices on the labile organic matter fractions (particulate organic C [POC], potentially mineralizable N [PMN], and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble C [WSC]), on the water aggregate stability (WAS) and on the stratification ratios (SRs) of these soil attributes. The field experiment was conducted on a fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haploxerept soil in a vineyard located in the La Rioja region (northeast Spain). Soil samples were collected from four soil layers (at depths of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff932.5, 2.5\uffe2\uff80\uff935, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315, and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 cm) during June 2008, 4 yr after cover crop establishment. The SOC content, POC, WSC, PMN, and WAS were measured. At a depth of 0 to 2.5 cm, the cover crops increased SOC, POC, WSC, PMN, and WAS. The C sequestration rates for RV and FV were 1.34 \uffc2\uffb1 0.31 and 1.52 \uffc2\uffb1 0.70 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Regression analyses indicated positive strong correlations among all parameters monitored. The SRs of the SOC, POC, and PMN were >2 in all depth ratios calculated and therefore were efficient indicators of the soil quality improvement caused by the PCCs. In a semiarid Mediterranean vineyard, a PCC has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance the SOC and to improve the soil quality in the short term.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0081", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0114", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-27", "title": "Carbon Sources And Dynamics In Afforested And Cultivated Corn Belt Soils", "description": "Afforestation of degraded cropland can sequester atmospheric C; however, source partitioning and turnover of soil organic C (SOC) in such ecosystems are not well documented. This study assessed SOC dynamics in two 35\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old, coniferous afforestation sites (i.e., a forest plantation situated in northwestern Iowa on a silty clay loam soil and a shelterbelt situated in eastern Nebraska on a silt loam soil) and the adjacent agricultural fields. Soil samples were collected at both sites to determine SOC and total N concentrations and stable C isotope ratios (\uffce\uffb413C, natural abundance) in both whole soil and the fine particulate organic matter (POM) fraction (53\uffe2\uff80\uff93500 \uffce\uffbcm size). In these fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils, afforestation of cropland performed through either shelterbelt or forest plantation caused substantial increases in surface SOC storage compared with conventionally tilled cropping systems (\uffe2\uff89\uffa557%; P < 0.05); this confirms the direct benefits of tree planting on SOC sequestration. Relative to cropped soils, afforested soils exhibited a more depleted \uffce\uffb413C signature (\uffe2\uff88\uff9217 vs. \uffe2\uff88\uff9222\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), indicating a shift in C sources. Source\uffe2\uff80\uff90partitioning assessment revealed that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C contributed roughly half of the SOC found directly beneath the trees. The C\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched afforested surface soils exhibited SOC turnover rates of 0.018 to 0.022 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and mean residence times of 55 to 45 yr. Fine POM in afforested surface soils accounted for a large proportion (21%) of the existing SOC, 79% being derived from tree inputs. This supports the role of POM as a significant sink for recently sequestered SOC in these ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cynthia A. Cambardella, James R. Brandle, David E. James, Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez, Thomas J. Sauer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0114"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0114", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0114", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0114"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-19", "description": "Soil samples were obtained from a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trial conducted on a silty loam at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram (Meerut), in 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932008 to study the effects of various combinations of conventional and zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (ZT) and raised\uffe2\uff80\uff90bed systems on soil aggregation and associated organic C fractions in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in a rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Orysa sativaL.\uffe2\uff80\uff93Triticum aestivumL.) rotation. Macroaggregates increased under a ZT rice (direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded or transplanted) and wheat rotation with the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm fraction greater than that of the 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm fraction. Bulk and aggregate associated C increased in ZT systems with greater accumulation in macroaggregates. The fine (0.053\uffe2\uff80\uff930.25 mm) intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregate particulate organic C (iPOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C), in 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm aggregates, was also higher in ZT than conventional tillage. A higher amount of macroaggregates along with greater accumulation of particulate organic C indicates the potential of ZT for improving soil C over the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term in rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat rotation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0185", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fsoil.2023.1240930", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-11", "title": "Editorial: Greenhouse gas measurements in underrepresented areas of the world", "description": "Open Access\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a Front. Soil Sci., 11 July 2023Sec. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 3 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1240930", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "representativeness", "Oceanography", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "climate change mitigation", "12. Responsible consumption", "Impact of Climate Change on Forest Wildfires", "Engineering", "greenhouse gases", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "TA703-712", "QD1-999", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "nitrous oxide", "Geography", "Ecology", "greenhouse gas emissions", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "methane", "carbon dioxide", "Cycling", "Geology", "Forestry", "Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "livestock", "Chemistry", "climate change", "Global Emissions", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1240930"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fsoil.2023.1240930", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fsoil.2023.1240930", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1240930"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0101", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-27", "title": "Controls Of Volatile Ammonia Losses From Loblolly Pine Plantations Fertilized With Urea In The Southeast Usa", "description": "Ammonia volatilization losses from surface applied urea could reduce the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Three field studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of two urea formulations: coated\uffe2\uff80\uff90urea fertilizer (CUF) and the urease inhibitor N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(n\uffe2\uff80\uff90butyl) thiophosphoric triamide\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated urea (NBPT) at reducing ammonia (NH3) losses in loblolly pine plantations under different forest floor moisture (dry vs. wet), substrate (forest floor vs. mineral soil), and site/soil type conditions (Piedmont vs. Coastal Plain). An additional laboratory study under controlled environmental conditions helped validate the results from the field. Ammonia volatilization losses were influenced more by the initial forest floor moisture than by the fertilizer formulations and were 43% lower when the fertilizer treatments were applied directly on the forest floor than on the exposed mineral soil. The average NH3 losses, expressed as a percentage of applied N, in the Piedmont ranged from 1 to 9%, and from 7 to 16%, 7 and 30 d after fertilization, respectively. At Day 7, both CUF and NBPT reduced NH3 losses, as compared with untreated urea, by 39 and 80%, respectively. In the Coastal Plain, NH3 losses ranged from 7 to 17%, 7 d after fertilization. Both CUF and NBPT reduced NH3 losses, as compared with untreated urea, by 35 and 25%, respectively. This difference in treatment ranking between sites suggests a fertilizer by site/soil type interaction which the laboratory study confirmed. These results highlight the importance of knowing the environmental and site conditions before fertilization and can help decide where and when these formulations might be used more effectively.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas R. Fox, Jose Zerpa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0101"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0101", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0101", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0101"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0309", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-12", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nicholas J. Besasie, Meghan E. Buckley,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0309"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0309", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0309", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0309"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0176", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-27", "title": "Restoration Of Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Following Exclosure Establishment In Communal Grazing Lands In Tigray, Ethiopia", "description": "Degraded lands are common in human\uffe2\uff80\uff90influenced tropical semiarid areas, and the potential for C sequestration through rehabilitation of these areas is substantial. In this study, we investigated changes in ecosystem C stocks (ECS) after establishing exclosures on degraded communal grazing lands, and identified easily measurable biophysical and management\uffe2\uff80\uff90related factors that can be used to predict ECS restoration in the highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia. We selected replicated (n = 3) 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr\uffe2\uff80\uff90old exclosures and paired each exclosure with an adjacent communal grazing land. All exclosures displayed higher ECS than the communal grazing lands. Differences in ECS between exclosures and grazing lands varied between 29 (\uffc2\uffb14.9) and 61 (\uffc2\uffb16.7) Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and increased with exclosure duration. In exclosures, much of the variability in ECS was explained by a combination of the following variables: precipitation, clay content, vegetation canopy cover, woody biomass, and exclosure duration (R2 = 0.77\uffe2\uff80\uff930.90). Precipitation and vegetation canopy cover also explained much of the variability of ECS in communal grazing lands (R2 = 0.48\uffe2\uff80\uff930.55). Our results help to establish baseline information for C sequestration projects and to predict the expected ecosystem C sequestration under exclosures. Expansion of exclosures would increase grazing pressure on the remaining communal grazing area. Therefore, the decision to establish additional exclosures should also include an economic analysis and an evaluation of the social consequences.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0176"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0176", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0176", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0176"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0212", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-19", "title": "Fertilizer Source Influenced Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Clay Soil Under Corn", "description": "Synthetic N fertilizers are a major source of N2O emissions from soil. A field experiment was conducted during three growing seasons (2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932006) on a clay soil (fine, mixed, frigid Typic Humaquept) under corn (Zea mays L.) to evaluate the impact of N fertilizer source and application rate on N2O emissions. Treatments consisted of three sources of N fertilizer (urea\uffe2\uff80\uff93NH4NO3 32% [UAN], Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff93NH4NO3 [CAN], and aqua NH3 [AA]) at four different rates (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Fertilizers were banded 5 cm below the soil surface between corn rows at the six\uffe2\uff80\uff90leaf stage and N2O emissions were measured weekly. For all 3 yr of this study, cumulative N2O emission decreased in the order UAN \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 CAN \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 AA. Averaged across years, fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced post\uffe2\uff80\uff90sidedress emissions were greater than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default factor (0.01 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N), with values of 0.038, 0.033, and 0.027 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N for UAN, CAN, and AA, respectively. The N2O emissions increased linearly with N rate, even at rates exceeding the optimum level for grain yield. Peaks of N2O flux occurred on the days following fertilizer application and in early fall when the soil was re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetted. Emissions of N2O were higher at water\uffe2\uff80\uff90filled pore space >0.57 m3 m\uffe2\uff88\uff923 and were also related to soil inorganic N and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C contents. Our results confirm that N fertilizer source and application rate can impact N2O emissions but these effects are modulated by soil environmental conditions.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0212"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0212", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0212", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0212"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0270", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-24", "description": "Previous studies indicate that biochar additions sometimes increase soil respiration and CO 2 emissions which could partially offset C credits associated with soil biochar applications. Little is known, however, about the impact of biochar on the mineralization of manure in soil systems and how interactions between biochar and manure impact C sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. We studied the effect of biochar and dried swine manure additions on changes in soil bulk density (D b ), total soil organic carbon (SOC), and emissions of N 2 O and CO, during a 500-d soil column incubation study. The addition of biochar to the soil increased SOC content measured after the 500-d incubation by 17.6 to 68.8%, depending on the treatment. Biochar additions reduced N 2 O emissions measured once near the end of the incubation. The N 2 O emissions were weakly correlated with D b , suggesting that enhanced soil aeration contributed to the reductions in N 2 O emissions. Biochar additions consistently increased CO 2 emissions (measured 13 times during the incubation) relative to no-biochar controls with cumulative CO 2 \u2015C emissions equivalent to 17 to 23% of biochar C applied. However, a distinct biochar-by-manure interaction for CO 2 flux indicated that biochar either helped stabilize manure C or the presence of manure reduced the effect of biochar on the mineralization of SOC. For the studied system, we conclude that biochar additions sequestered large amounts of highly stable C, reduced N 2 O emissions, increased CO 2 emissions from the soils, and reduced rates of CO 2 emissions following a manure addition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0270"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0270", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0270", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0270"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0325", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-25", "description": "A series of experiments was established to characterize biochars made from four feedstocks regionally available in the Pacific Northwest (wood pellets, softwood bark, switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) straw, and anaerobically digested fiber) to determine their effect on five soils. Soils were amended with 9.8, 19.5, and 39.0 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of each of the four biochars and evaluated for changes in pH, water holding capacity, N mineralization, and soil C. The C content of biochars derived from the herbaceous feedstocks was 60 to 67 kg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921whereas that of the woody feedstocks was >75 kg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921. In amended soils we found that biochars, regardless of origin, significantly raised the pH of all soil types 0.1 to 0.9 units, with the greatest impact on a sand soil. The biochars increased the soil C and water holding capacity at the higher rates of amendment depending on soil and biochar type. Nitrogen mineralization rates decreased in three of the five soils across all feedstocks. There were significant correlations (r\uffe2\uff89\uffa5 0.9) between biochar C measured and biochar C added regardless of feedstock or soil type. Our research demonstrates that in temperate soils, biochar feedstock may not be as important a variable as soil type for increasing C content and pH but can influence N mineralization and water holding capacity.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chad E. Kruger, David Granatstein, J. D. Streubel, Harold P. Collins, Julie M. Tarara, Manuel Garcia-Perez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0325"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0325", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0325", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0325"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-15", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Growing season", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Conventional Tillage", "Nitrogen level factor", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0030", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0067", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-15", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Fractions As Indices Of Soil Quality Changes", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cleiton H. Sequeira, Marcus M. Alley,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0067"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0067", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0067", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0067"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0078", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-29", "title": "Phosphorus Loss Potential And Phosphatase Activity Under Phosphorus Fertilization In Long-Term Paddy Wetland Agroecosystems", "description": "Phosphorus fertilization may lead to increased P runoff and leaching, contributing to surface water and groundwater pollution. Plots of a 25\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field study in subtropical China representing eight P fertilization treatments were sampled to determine the effects of P fertilization on P loss potential and correlations among soil test P, soil neutral phosphatase activity, and water P content. Phosphorus fertilization increased soil test P and neutral phosphatase activity in the plow layer compared with P\uffe2\uff80\uff90free fertilization. Total P content of paddy surface water increased with P fertilization, from <0.01 to 0.35 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Phosphorus fertilization created P runoff loss risk, especially with the combined application of both inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments. The P runoff loss potential could be reduced or avoided by utilizing physical barriers on field margins to reduce or eliminate runoff. Soil neutral phosphatase activity, soil test P in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layer, and surface water P content were significantly and positively correlated. Soil neutral phosphatase activity contributed to soil test P and the potential of P runoff loss. Fertilization did not affect soil test P or neutral phosphatase activity beneath the plow layer or total P of paddy groundwater at the 100\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The P content of paddy groundwater was not related to that of surface water, indicating that downward movement of P and P leaching did not occur. The results suggest that paddy wetland ecosystems can store P with proper management, especially for organic amendments.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zu-zhang Li, Qi-xiang Luo, Shaoxian Wang, Lanlan Wan, Xuexin Shao, Xinqiang Liang, Wusheng Liang, Changlin Huang, Yingxu Chen, Li Song, Wei Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0078"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0078", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0359", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-25", "title": "No-Till Impact On Soil And Soil Organic Carbon Erosion Under Crop Residue Scarcity In Africa", "description": "Although no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) is now practiced in many countries of the world, for most smallholders, the crop residues are of such a value that they cannot be left on the soil surfaces to promote soil protection, thus potentially limiting NT benefits and adoption. In this study our main objective was to evaluate runoff, soil, and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses from traditional small\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale maize (Zea mays) field under conventional tillage (T) and NT, with crop residues cover of less than 10% during the rainy season, in South Africa. Six runoff plots of 22.5 m2 (2.25 \uffc3\uff97 10 m) under NT and T since 2002 were considered. At each plot, soil bulk density (\uffcf\uff81b) and SOC content of the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.02 m layer were estimated at nine pits. Top\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil SOC stocks were 26% higher under NT than under T (P = 0.001). The NT reduced soil losses by 68% (96.8 vs. 301.5 g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, P = 0.001) and SOC losses by 52% (7.7 vs. 16.2 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, P = 0.001), and differences in runoff were not significant. Dissolved organic carbon accounted for about 10% of total SOC losses and showed significantly higher concentrations under T than NT (1.49 versus 0.86 mg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The less erosion in NT compared to T was explained by a greater occurrence under NT of indurated crusts, less prone to soil losses. These results showed the potential of NT even with low crop residue cover (<10%) to significantly reduce soil and SOC losses by water under small\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale agriculture.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0359"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0359", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0359", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0359"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0430", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-25", "description": "Inclusion of cover crops (CCs) may be a potential strategy to boost no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till performance by improving soil physical properties. To assess this potential, we utilized a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] rotation, four N rates, and a hairy vetch (HV; Vicia villosa Roth) CC after wheat during the first rotation cycles, which was replaced in subsequent cycles with sunn hemp (SH; Crotalaria juncea L.) and late\uffe2\uff80\uff90maturing soybean [LMS; Glycine max (L.) Merr.] CCs in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till on a silt loam. At the end of 15 yr, we studied the cumulative impacts of CCs on soil physical properties and assessed relationships between soil properties and soil organic C (SOC) concentration. Across N rates, SH reduced near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface bulk density (\uffcf\uff81b) by 4% and increased cumulative infiltration by three times relative to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC plots. Without N application, SH and LMS reduced Proctor maximum \uffcf\uff81b, a parameter of soil compactibility, by 5%, indicating that soils under CCs may be less susceptible to compaction. Cover crops also increased mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDA) by 80% in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The SOC concentration was 30% greater for SH and 20% greater for LMS than for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC plots in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in SOC concentration was negatively correlated with Proctor maximum \uffcf\uff81b and positively with MWDA and cumulative infiltration. Overall, addition of CCs to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems improved soil physical properties, and the CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced change in SOC concentration was correlated with soil physical properties.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0430"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0430", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0430", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2010.0430"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0064", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-26", "description": "Tillage systems are known to influence the quantity and quality of soil organic C (SOC); however, it is unclear if tillage also changes the soil catabolic capacity (the ability to decompose C substrates). This study compared soils from two contrasting tillage systems, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), with respect to their ability to catabolize a common 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled substrate. Intact core samples from the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth under CT and the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths under NT were collected after 14 yr of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn (Zea mays L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Soil cores received a common substrate (14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled wheat residues) either surface applied or incorporated into the soil. Decomposition of the 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled residues, soil mineral N concentration, and soil microbial biomass 14C (MB14C) were monitored for 86 d at 25\uffc2\uffb0C. Respiration of 12CO2 from native SOC was greater at 0 to 5 cm under NT than CT but did not vary with depth under NT; there was no significant effect of tillage system or depth under NT or residue placement on respiration of residue 14CO2. Incorporation of 14C residues increased MB14C compared with surface application, indicating a greater efficiency of C utilization. For the soils and residues used in this experiment, there was no evidence of an effect of tillage system on soil catabolic capacity, and differences in soil microbial activity between tillage systems were attributed only to differences in the quantity and quality of C substrates.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0064"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0064", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0064", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0064"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0072", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "title": "Changes In Soil Structure And Hydraulic Properties In A Wooded-Shrubland Ecosystem Following A Prescribed Fire", "description": "Pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire measurements were made for a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity prescribed fire in a semiarid, shrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90woodland transition zone, and objectives were to: (i) determine changes in near\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kf measured with a tension infiltrometer), air permeability (ka measured with an air permeameter), and soil physical properties at shrub undercanopy and interspace microsites immediately before and after a fall burn and for a 13\uffe2\uff80\uff90mo period; and (ii) quantify the importance and effect of post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire soil structure on hydraulic properties using pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire measurements. At undercanopy microsites, structure deteriorated from a moderate to a weak subangular blocky structure after the fire that broke down to a structureless soil 10 mo later. At interspace microsites, post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire soil structure deteriorated from a moderate\uffe2\uff80\uff90strong subangular blocky structure with hard dry consistency to a weak subangular blocky structure with soft dry consistency. After 10 mo, the intercanopy maintained a weak\uffe2\uff80\uff90moderate soil structure that became structureless\uffe2\uff80\uff90weak after 13 mo. Immediately after the fire, at both microsites, there was incomplete organic combustion, a decrease in bulk density, and an increase in ka; however, at undercanopy microsites, there was no significant change in Kf even though there was a slight to moderate hydrophobicity, whereas at interspace microsites where no water repellency existed, Kf increased. These changes may be a result of expansion of vaporized water through soil pores that broke up aggregates, deteriorating soil structure. Thus, mechanisms that contributed to changes immediately and after the first year post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire were different for low\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity burns than for higher intensity burns.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michael H. Young, David S. Shafer, Karletta Chief,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0072"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0072", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0072", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0072"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0107", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-29", "title": "Effects Of Tillage And Residue Management On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In The North China Plain", "description": "A suitable tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue management system is needed in the North China Plain (NCP) that sustains soil fertility and agronomic productivity. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different tillage\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue managements for a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) double\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop system on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N pools. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with residue cover (NTR), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with residue removed and manure applied (NTRRM), and conventional tillage with residue removed (CTRR) were investigated for 6 yr, based on a uniform N application among treatments. Soil samples were collected at six depths and changes in SOC and total N pools were analyzed. Treatments of NTRRM and NTR sequestered more SOC and total N in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth than CTRR. In the subsoil (5\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm), annual SOC sequestration was 0.01 and \uffe2\uff88\uff920.40 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for NTRRM and NTR, respectively, while CTRR exhibited a significantly positive SOC pool trend. In the whole soil profile (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm), NTRRM, NTR, and CTRR sequestered SOC at the rates of 0.66, 0.27 and 2.24 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. When manure was applied to substitute for the N lost from residue removal, the NTRRM tended to accumulate more SOC than NTR, and had similar accumulation as NTR in total N pools, grain yield, and aboveground biomass. Crop residue could be substituted by manure in this double\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop, irrigated system. Conventional tillage, with residue removed, was suitable in soil fertility and agronomic productivity relative to NTRRM and NTR in the NCP.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0107"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0107", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0107", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0107"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-12", "title": "Influence Of Soil Amendment History On Decomposition Of Recently Applied Organic Amendments", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0190", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0249", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-12", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0249"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0249", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0249", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0249"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0280", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-21", "description": "Soluble organic matter (OM) is a small but very mobile and reactive fraction of soil organic matter (SOM). We characterized the properties of soluble OM from 0- to 125-cm soil depth in maize ( Zea mays L.)-based agricultural systems that were managed with conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) for 23 yr. Water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) and salt-extractable organic matter (SEOM) were obtained in a sequential extraction procedure using dilute (0.01M CaCl 2 ) and concentrated (0.5 M K 2 SO 4 ) salt solutions. Subsequently, WEOM and SEOM were characterized using resin fractionation, specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (SUVA 254 ) and humification indices (HI). Concentrations of C and N of SOM and SEOM and C of WEOM declined with increasing soil depth. In contrast to less pronounced differences in C and N of SEOM in CT and NT soils, those of WEOM were greater (52\u2013116% for C and 26\u201386% for N) in NT than CT soils throughout the soil profile. The proportion of C and N in SOM recovered as WEOM and SEOM increased with soil depth (three to nine times for C and two to five times for N). The proportion of hydrophilic-C increased with soil depth, but the proportion of humified OM decreased with soil depth. Consistent with reports that indicate CT enhances OM decomposition, our data suggest WEOM and particularly SEOM fractions in CT soils are more decomposed than NT soils down to 125-cm depth. The relative pool size and properties of WEOM and SEOM demonstrated a higher in situ contribution of SOM to soluble OM pool with increasing soil depth. ; This article is published as Toosi ER, Castellano MJ, Singer J, Mitchell D. 2012. Differences in soluble organic matter after 23 years of contrasting soil management. Soil Science Society of America Journal doi: 10.2136/sssaj2011.0280 . Posted with permission.", "keywords": ["550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0280"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0280", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-12", "description": "Knowledge about soil organic carbon (SOC) response to forest harvest in conifer stands is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the short- to medium-term effects of bole-only clearcut harvest on SOC and related variables in a Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco]-dominated forest of southwestern British Columbia. We collected soil samples from control (mature forest), cleared (harvested 1\u20135 yr before sampling), and regenerating (harvested 8\u201315 yr before sampling) stands and measured SOC, pH, texture, moisture, total N, loss-on-ignition, effective cation exchange capacity (CEC\u2091), and pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al. We found that SOC stocks in the forest floor were higher in cleared and regenerating plots than in control. The mineral subsoil played an important role in the overall response of SOC storage after harvest. In mineral horizons, SOC concentration was higher in cleared plots and similar to control levels in regenerating plots. Treatment effects were restricted to SOC associated with the sand size fractions. This suggests that clearcutting resulted in additional soil organic matter (SOM) inputs to the mineral soil, but that these inputs were not stabilized or retained in regenerating plots. Harvest also affected bulk organic matter composition. The C/N and C/SOM ratios were lower in regenerating plots while the CEC\u2091/C ratio was higher, suggesting an increase in organic matter maturity and oxidation.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0103", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0156", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-29", "title": "Improved Nitrogen Management For An Intensive Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Double-Cropping System", "description": "Improving N and straw management to achieve high crop yields, minimize nitrate leaching, and balance soil fertility presents challenges in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/summer maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping systems on the North China Plain. A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiment was designed to study crop performance, nitrate leaching, and N balance under three N management approaches (conventional farming practice, improved Nmin, and N balance methods) with two straw management options (straw removal and return), and two types of organic amendment (cattle [Bos taurus] manure and municipal waste compost). Grain and straw yields and C/N ratios were determined in each crop, together with N uptake and residual NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in the top 2 m of the soil profile. Over six successive crops of the study (October 2006\uffe2\uff80\uff93September 2009) 32 to 93% of applied N was saved without reducing either wheat or maize yields and less NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N accumulated in the top 1 m of the soil (the root zone) or leached 1 to 2 m down the soil profile when the two new N management approaches were used in comparison with conventional N management. Straw return did not affect crop yield or NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N accumulation but the N rate with straw return in the improved Nmin method increased due to N immobilization induced by the straw. Moreover, in the hot and wet maize seasons, chemical fertilizer N rate in the N balance method can further decrease by reducing the target residual NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in the 0 to 1 m root zone and by increasing the percentage availability of total N in organic amendments in future studies.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0156"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0156", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0156", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0156"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0229", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-25", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From Urea And Mitigation By Nbpt Following Surface Application To Cold Soils", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richard E. Engel, Rosie Wallander, Clain Jones,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0229"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0229", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0229", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0229"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0284", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-21", "description": "Soils typically show 20 to 40% decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) due to cultivation, most of it in the fi rst 10 yr, but studies on SOC depletion may actually underestimate losses of the original SOC. Starting 40 to 50 yr ago, expanding use of non-inversion tillage, fertilizers, and herbicides lead to reduced disturbance and increased residue production that undoubtedly began recovery of SOC depleted during previous decades when farmers used only intensive tillage to control weeds and stimulate release of nutrients from crop residues. We measured SOC and total N stocks, density fractions, and labile C and N at 10 study sites in two rain-fed production areas in southeastern Wyoming. Systems evaluated include historic inversion- tillage-based winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow with no inputs, conventional winter wheat-fallow, minimum- and no-till continuous rotations and permanent grass cover. Results were then compared to SOC under nearby native grasslands. Soils beneath historic wheat-fallow were the most depleted in SOC, with 13.8 and 17.6 Mg C ha -1 in the upper 30 cm at the two study areas, or 37% of the SOC under the two native sites. Soil OC contents were statistically similar across conventional, minimum- till, and no-till systems, ranging from 64 to 78% of native SOC levels, and signifi cantly higher under permanent grass, with both sites having 90% of native SOC levels. Free light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) contents were lowest beneath the historic system, but increased in systems with fewer disturbances. When normalized by SOC and total N, the labile C and N pools generally increased with increasing disturbance, especially microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Soil OC contents under the historic, inversion tillage system were much lower relative to native grasslands than found in other studies, which, together with other fi ndings, suggest that SOC levels have begun to recover under the modern conventional system. Free LFOC and labile pool C and N contents indicate that conservation tillage systems in place for a relatively short time are facilitating further recovery of SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Urszula Norton, Eusebius J. Mukhwana, Jay B. Norton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0284"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0284", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0284", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0284"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0296", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-17", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Claypan Soils Due To Nitrogen Fertilizer Source And Tillage/Fertilizer Placement Practices", "description": "Poorly drained soils can potentially have large amounts of applied fertilizer N lost through denitrification which can be a major contributor to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. These soil N2O emissions due to agricultural practices are significant because they contribute to global warming and ozone depletion. The objectives of this research were to quantify the effects of tillage/fertilizer placement (i.e., no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/surface broadcast and strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/deep banded) and N fertilizer source [i.e., non\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (NCU), polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PCU), nontreated control] on soil N2O emissions from corn (Zea mays L.) production over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in a poorly drained claypan soil in Northeast Missouri. Averaged over 2009 and 2010, no significant differences were observed in cumulative soil N2O emissions, between treatment plots with NCU (5.21 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and PCU (5.48 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Soil N2O losses represented between 2.8 and 3.0% of annual fertilizer N applied, respectively. Strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/deep banded N placement emitted 28% less N2O (0.2 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N) per Mg grain produced (P = 0.0284) compared to that of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/surface broadcasted N. Impacts of alternative management practices on soil N2O losses may also need to consider changes in agricultural production to allow producers to decide which practices are best suited to balance their production and environmental goals.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Patrick R. Nash, Kelly A. Nelson, Peter P. Motavalli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0296"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0296", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0296", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0296"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0320", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-21", "description": "1 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:2012 Posted online 27 Dec. 2011 doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0320 Received 13 Sept. 2011. *Corresponding author (ranjan_vpkas@yahoo.com). \u00a9 Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Conservation Tillage Impacts on Soil Aggregation and Carbon Pools in a Sandy Clay Loam Soil of the Indian Himalayas Soil & Water Management & Conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0320"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0320", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0320", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0320"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0420", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-12", "title": "Corn Residue Removal Impact On Topsoil Organic Carbon In A Corn-Soybean Rotation", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0420"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0420", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0420", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0420"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-12", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Warren A. Dick, Rattan Lal, Atsunobu Kadono, Sandeep Kumar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0055", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "description": "Alpine grassland and the soil on which it is growing in the Qinghai\uffe2\uff80\uff90Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China is being degraded in an attempt to increase food and feed production for an increasing global population. Our objective was to use soil quality assessment to quantify changes in soil chemical and physical properties at three depth increments (0 to 4, 4 to 10, and 10 to 20 cm) and thus determine the linkages between soil and vegetation changes, the soil element(s) limiting grassland restoration in alpine region, and the ability to restore soil fertility by reestablishing grasslands. The soil and vegetation were sampled in the different types of degraded grasslands, that is, moderately degraded grassland (MDG), heavily degraded grassland (HDG) and severely degraded grassland (SDG) as well as in the reestablished grasslands at different ages, that is, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr restored grassland (5yRG), 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr restored grassland (7yRG), and 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr restored grassland (9yRG) for comparative study. The results show: (i) decreased water holding capacity and increased soil hardness as vegetative cover declined, (ii) decreased soil organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) and increased total soil potassium, (TK) (iii) the establishment of artificial grassland did not restore soil quality or nutrient stocks within degraded grassland soils, and (iv) yearly variations in soil properties at different depths were significant along the degree of grassland degradation. Significant variations of soil physical and chemical parameters might be attributed to loss of the top soil and changes of vegetation composition and soil and textures. Soil quality can be used to assess grassland degradation and restoration in the alpine region. In conclusion, better soil management is needed for restoring the degraded alpine grasslands on the QTP.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "X. X. Wang, L. Wen, Shikui Dong, Yuanyuan Li, Lixing Zhu, Xianglan Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0092", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0364", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-05", "description": "This study compares the amount, distribution, and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in six paired quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) and conifer plots at three locations in northern Utah, to assess the influence of vegetation cover and other biotic and abiotic drivers on SOC storage capacity in seasonally dry environments. Aspen soils accumulated significantly more SOC in the mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm) (92.2 \uffc2\uffb1 26.7 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 vs. 66.9 \uffc2\uffb1 18.6 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 under conifers), and despite thicker O horizons under conifers that contained higher amounts of SOC (11.6 \uffc2\uffb1 8.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 under conifers vs. 1.65 \uffc2\uffb1 0.38 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in aspen), across all sites SOC storage was 25% higher under aspen. Shallow soil cores (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) did not indicate significant differences in SOC with vegetation type. The SOC under aspen was also more stable, indicated by well\uffe2\uff80\uff90developed mollic epipedon (A horizon 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9353\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm thick vs. 5.5\uffe2\uff80\uff9334 cm under conifers), slower turnover of surficial SOC deduced from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term laboratory incubations (67.7 \uffc2\uffb1 15.7 g CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C per kg C for aspen vs. 130.9 \uffc2\uffb1 41.3 g CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C per kg C for conifer soils), and a greater preponderance of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC (55\uffc2\uffb113% in aspen vs. 41\uffc2\uffb113% in conifer). Aspen soils were generally wetter and we hypothesize that rapid litter turnover coupled with greater water supply may have caused greater downward redistribution and adsorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aspen soils.
", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Wood Science and Pulp", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest Biology", "Paper Technology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Entomology", "Forest Management", "Forest Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Woldesalassie, Mical, Miegroet, Helga Van, Gruselle, Marie C\u00c3\u00a9cile, Hambly, Nickoli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0364"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0364", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0364", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0364"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "description": "The inclusion of winter annual cereal cover crops (WCC) in grain crop rotations is a common management practice promoted to protect soil resources and enhance water quality. However, the effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incorporation of WCC into no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till grain crop rotations on soil physical properties are not well established. We evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of WCC on soil physical properties after 13 yr of use at three locations in Maryland, USA. Continuous maize (Zea maysL.) was the summer grain crop. In the control treatment, maize was followed by winter fallow and in the WCC treatment, cereal rye (Secale cerealL.) was planted as a WCC in the off\uffe2\uff80\uff90season. We examined aggregate stability, total and labile organic matter, soil bulk density (BD), air permeability (AP), water infiltration rate (WIR), and hydraulic conductivity (HC), during the growing and off\uffe2\uff80\uff90season. Aggregate stability increased under the WCC treatment but there were no increases in total organic matter and labile organic matter. Only during the winter sampling season at the two Coastal Plain locations, soils under WCC displayed improved soil physical properties in comparison with the same soils under winter fallow. The heavier\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils at the Piedmont location exhibited no consistent differences attributable to WCC.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert L. Hill, F. J. Coale, Meredith K. Steele,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0008", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0089", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-04", "title": "Relationships Among Water Stable Aggregates And Organic Matter Fractions Under Conservation Management", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil aggregation, yet the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate relationships among field\uffe2\uff80\uff90moist and air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried macroaggregate stability (WSAFM and WSAAD, respectively), cold water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C from whole soil and the particulate, adsorbed and occluded (PAO) fraction, and associated soil properties, (ii) compare properties of the PAO fraction to those of whole soil, and (iii) evaluate the effects of conservation management practices, including grass vegetative filter strips (VFS), agroforestry VFS, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, plus landscape positions on these variables. Soil samples were collected in 2007 from an agroecosystem established on claypan soils located in Missouri. This study found that cold water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C and aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic C were more highly correlated with WSAAD (r \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 0.74) than SOC, suggesting that these organic C fractions may play an important role in aggregate stability. In addition, less degraded water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (as indicated by a greater C/N ratio) was preferentially concentrated in the PAO fraction (C/N = 10.6) relative to whole soil (C/N = 4.2). Further, macroaggregation and accumulation of less degraded organic C (in solid and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extracts) was enhanced under grass VFS and agroforestry VFS relative to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till. Overall, this study found that macroaggregate stability, cold water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C, and the PAO fraction served as effective early indicators of soil C change in the soil studied.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peter P. Motavalli, Keith W. Goyne, Robert J. Kremer, Kristen S. Veum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0089"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0089", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0089", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0089"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "A Decision Support Model for Assessing the Water Regulation and Purification Potential of Agricultural Soils Across Europe", "description": "Water regulation and purification (WR) function is defined as \u201cthe capacity of the soil to remove harmful compounds and the capacity of the soil to receive, store and conduct water for subsequent use and to prevent droughts, flooding and erosion.\u201d It is a crucial function that society expects agricultural soils to deliver, contributing to quality water supply for human needs and in particular for ensuring food security. The complexity of processes involved and the intricate tradeoff with other necessary soil functions requires decision support tools for best management of WR function. However, the effects of farm and soil management practices on the delivery of the WR function has not been fully addressed by decision support tools for farmers. This work aimed to develop a decision support model for the management of the WR function performed by agricultural soils. The specific objectives of this paper were (i) to construct a qualitative decision support model to assess the water regulation and purification capacity of agricultural soils at field level, to (ii) conduct sensitivity analysis of the model; and (iii) to validate the model with independent empirical data. The developed decision support model for WR is a hierarchical qualitative model with 5 levels and has 27 basic attributes describing the soil (S), environment (E), and management (M) attributes of the field site to be assessed. The WR model is composed of 3 sub-models concerning (1) soil water storage, (2) P and sediment loss in runoff, and (3) N leaching in percolating water. The WR decision support model was validated using a representative dataset of 94 field sites from across Europe and had an overall accuracy of 75% when compared to the empirically derived values across these sites. This highly accurate, reliable, and useful decision support model for assessing the capacity of agricultural soils to perform the WR function can be used by farmers and advisors help manage and protect their soil resources for the future. This model has also been incorporated into the Soil Navigator decision support tool which provides simultaneous assessment of the WR function and other important soil functions for agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decision support tool", "Nutrition. Foods and food supply", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil functions", "TP368-456", "15. Life on land", "water quality", "01 natural sciences", "INCREASE", "Food processing and manufacture", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "EXTREME EVENTS", "water regulation", "11. Sustainability", "MANAGEMENT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TX341-641", "water purification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Sustainable%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-19", "description": "In organic cropping systems, legumes, cover crops (CC), residue incorporation, and manure application are used to maintain soil fertility, but the contributions of these management practices to soil nitrogen (N) supply remain obscure. We examined potential sources of N for winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in four experimental cropping systems established in 1997 on three soil types. Three of the four systems were under organic management. Topsoil N, depth of the A horizon, and cumulated inputs of N since 1997 were determined at plot level. Labile soil N pools [mineral N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), microbial biomass N (MBN)] were monitored during two growth periods; at one site, biomass C/N ratios were also determined. Soil for labile N analysis was shielded from N inputs during spring application to isolate cumulated system effects. Potentially mineralizable N and MBN were correlated across all sites and rotations (r2= 0.72). The MBN corresponded to 46 to 85, 85 to 145, and 74 to 172 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921at the three sites and differed significantly between cropping systems, but MBN could not explain differences in wheat grain N yields. Instead, a multiple linear regression model explained 76 and 82% of the variation in grain N yields in organic cropping systems in 2007 and 2008, showing significant effects of, respectively, topsoil N, depth of A horizon, cumulated inputs of N, and N applied to winter wheat in manure. Thus, soil properties and past and current management all contributed to winter wheat N supply.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop combinations and interactions", "Soil biology", "Nutrient turnover", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0147"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0147", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0147", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0147"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0098", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "title": "Long-Term Tillage And Crop Rotations For 47-49 Years Influences Hydrological Properties Of Two Soils In Ohio", "description": "Research is lacking concerning soil water retention (SWR) and infiltration rates (qs) as affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage and crop rotation. Thus, soil hydrological properties were measured at two long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental sites near Wooster (49 yr) and Hoytville (47 yr) in central Ohio. The Wooster soil is silt loam in texture and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained, whereas, the Hoytville soil is clay loam in texture and poorly\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained. Tillage treatments were, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT), minimum\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (MT), and plow\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (PT), and crop rotations were continuous corn (Zea mays L.), and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean (Glycine max L.) in a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation. Soil hydrological properties were compared with those of adjacent and undisturbed woodlots (WL). The SWR characteristics indicated higher volumetric water content at almost all matric potentials (\uffce\uffa8m) under WL soils than for the three tillage systems at both sites. Among tillage treatments, soils under NT had higher SWR than those under MT and PT for all four (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330, and 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm) depths. In general, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term NT contained a higher proportion of macropores (>1000 \uffce\uffbcm) and micropores (<10 \uffce\uffbcm), and hence had higher SWR than MT and PT for all depths. The qs was 1.9 and 4.2 times higher in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soils under NT as compared to those under MT and PT, respectively, and 2.1 and 4.2 times higher in poorly\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soils. Two physical based infiltration models, Green\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ampt and Parlange, fitted the measured infiltration data well with the coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.91 to 0.98, and root mean square error values from 0.06 to 0.66 mm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Results support the conclusion that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (47\uffe2\uff80\uff9349 yr) use of NT practices in both well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained and poorly\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soils improves SWR, pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution, and qs compared to PT and MT practices.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Sandeep Kumar, Atsunobu Kadono, Warren A. Dick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0098"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0098", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0098", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0098"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0125", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-25", "description": "Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 77:594\u2013605 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0125 Received 12 Apr. 2012. *Corresponding author (maysoon.mikha@ars.usda.gov). Mention of commercial products and organization in this paper is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organization not mentioned. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity\u2013affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Merle F. Vigil, Joseph G. Benjamin, Maysoon M. Mikha,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0125"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0125", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0125", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0125"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0218", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-01", "title": "Microbial Communities And Soil Structure Are Affected By Reduced Precipitation, But Not By Elevated Carbon Dioxide", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0218"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0218", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0218", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0218"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-01", "title": "Afforestation Effects on Soil Carbon Storage in the United States: A Synthesis", "description": "Afforestation (tree establishment on nonforested land) is a management option for increasing terrestrial C sequestration and mitigating rising atmospheric carbon dioxide because, compared to nonforested land uses, afforestation increases C storage in aboveground pools. However, because terrestrial ecosystems typically store most of their C in soils, afforestation impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage are critical components of ecosystem C budgets. We applied synthesis methods to identify the magnitude and drivers of afforestation impacts on SOC, and the temporal and vertical distributions of SOC change during afforestation in the United States. Meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 39 papers from 1957 to 2010 indicated that previous land use drives afforestation impacts on SOC in mineral soils (overall average = +21%), but mined and other industrial lands (+173%) and wildlands (+31%) were the only groups that specifically showed categorically significant increases. Temporal patterns of SOC increase were statistically significant on former industrial and agricultural lands (assessed by continuous meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis), and suggested that meaningful SOC increases require \uffe2\uff89\uffa515 and 30 yr of afforestation, respectively. Meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 13C data demonstrated the greatest SOC changes occur at the surface soil of the profile, although partial replacement of C stocks derived from previous land uses was frequently detectable below 1 m. A geospatial analysis of 409 profiles from the National Soil Carbon Network database supported 13C meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis results, indicating that transition from cultivation to forest increased A horizon SOC by 32%. In sum, our findings demonstrate that afforestation has significant, positive effects on SOC sequestration in the United States, although these effects require decades to manifest and primarily occur in the uppermost (and perhaps most vulnerable) portion of the mineral soil profile.
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