{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0220", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-04", "title": "Impact Of Topography, Annual Burning, And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Microbial Communities In A Semiarid Grassland", "description": "<p>To gain insight into microbial responses to topography, annual burning, and N addition, a field experiment was conducted from April 2005 to December 2009 in a semiarid grassland of northern China. Soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, and microbial community composition were measured in 2006 and 2008. A larger ratio of fungi/bacteria was observed in the upper slope than in the lower slope. Interannual climate fluctuation could have modified the effects of topography on microbial biomass and composition. Burning effects on microbial biomass and composition also depended on year, which could be attributed to low fire severity resulting from decreasing fuel load over time or microbial resilience. Nitrogen addition exerted a much stronger influence on microbial biomass in 2008 compared with 2006 and reshaped microbial communities through decreasing the relative proportion of fungal groups [arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nonmycorrhizal fungi] in 2008. Overall, these results highlight dynamic responses of soil microbial communities to both the intrinsic features (topography) and exogenous disturbances (fire or N deposition) of the semiarid grassland.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0220"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0220", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0220", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0220"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0256", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-24", "description": "<p>The potential for nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93) to leach is enhanced following cultivation of pastoral land, due to rapid mineralization of labile soil organic matter (SOM). In a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field trial in New Zealand, we examined the impacts of tillage intensity [intensive (plowing to 20 cm), minimum, or no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage] and winter cover crops (forage rape) on NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 leaching following cultivation of permanent (sheep [Ovis aries]\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazed) pasture to grow arable crops (the rotation included barley [Hordeum vulgare L.], wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], and pea [Pisum sativum L.]). Permanent pasture and permanent fallow (maintained plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90free using herbicides, i.e., not cultivated or fertilized) treatments were included as controls. Losses of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff93N were calculated from soil solution NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations (measured in ceramic suction cups installed at 600 mm) and drainage volumes. Cumulative NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leached over 7 yr ranged from 20 to 428 kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff93 1, with least N lost under pasture. Residual soil mineral N in autumn accounted for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc30% of the variability in leaching. Nitrate leaching under arable crops generally increased rapidly as winter rainfall (range 78\uffe2\uff80\uff93352 mm yr\uffe2\uff80\uff93 1) increased. Winter cover crops were effective in reducing NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching losses, particularly in drier winters when about 50% less N leached where cover crops were grown. On average, annual leaching was only 10 to 18 kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff93 1 in the presence of cover crops. Tillage had relatively little influence on leaching, though use of minimum tillage for autumn cultivation resulted in significantly (P &lt; 0.001) less NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching than either intensive or no tillage. Largest leaching losses were recorded in the unfertilized, permanent fallow where there was no plant sink for NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N derived from SOM mineralization. Growing a crop during the winter period, combined with good N management practices to minimize pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter soil mineral N, provides the best option to keep NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 leaching within the acceptable range for arable cropping in New Zealand.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0256"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0256", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0256", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0256"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0412", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-04", "title": "Irrigation System And Tillage Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Fractions", "description": "<p>Irrigation and tillage systems may affect surface residue and soil C and N fractions by influencing crop biomass yield, residue placement, and movement of water soluble C and N in the soil. We studied the effects of irrigation (mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation spray application [MESA] and low energy precision application [LEPA]) and tillage (conventional [CT] and strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage [ST]) systems on crop biomass (stems and leaves) yield, surface residue, and soil C and N fractions at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth from 2004 to 2007 in a Savage clay loam (fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Argiustolls) in Sidney, MT. Soil C and N fractions were soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), potential carbon and nitrogen mineralization (PCM and PNM), NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N, and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N. While crop biomass across treatments increased from 2004 to 2007, surface residue was greater with ST than with CT from 2005 to 2007. The NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N contents at 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm in 2005 and STN at 0 to 5 cm in 2007 were greater with ST than with CT, but SOC at 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm, POC and MBN at 5 to 10 cm, and PNM at 0 to 5 cm in 2007 were greater with CT than with ST. The MBC at 0 to 5 cm and MBN at 10 to 20 cm were greater in LEPA than in MESA. The PCM at 10 to 20 cm was greater with CT than with ST in LEPA. While ST increased surface soil residue and N storage, residue incorporation to a greater depth in CT increased soil C storage, microbial activity, and N mineralization. Slow rate of water application near the soil surface increased microbial biomass in LEPA.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William M. Iversen, Upendra M. Sainju, Robert G. Evans, William B. Stevens,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0412"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0412", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0412", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0412"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0413", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics For Irrigated Corn Under Two Tillage Systems", "description": "<p>Conventional tillage (CT) with high N rates and irrigation is used more frequently than no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) for growing continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in the central Great Plains of the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil organic C (SOC) stocks throughout the soil profile as well as the potential for maintaining or sequestering SOC within the soil profile (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93 120 cm) under irrigated, continuous corn as affected by NT and CT and three N rates. Isotopic \uffce\uffb413C techniques provided information about the fate of C added to soil by corn (C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C) and of residual C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C from cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90season plants grown before this study. Relative contributions of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C to SOC stocks after 8 yr were determined. Retention of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C from corn was measured under NT and CT. Nitrogen fertilization slowed losses of C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and improved retention of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till was superior to CT in maintaining SOC. Deep soil sampling to 120 cm and the use of stable C isotope techniques allowed evaluation of changes in SOC stocks during the 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Change in SOC under NT vs. CT resulted from greater loss of C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C stocks under CT throughout the soil profile. Irrigated corn has a low potential to sequester SOC in the central Great Plains, especially under CT. The results of this study indicate that stability of the soil organic matter and its perceived \uffe2\uff80\uff9crecalcitrance\uffe2\uff80\uff9d is altered by environmental and biological controls.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Claudia Pozzi Jantalia, Ardell D. Halvorson, Ronald F. Follett,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0413"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0413", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0413", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0413"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0427", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-24", "title": "Changes In Soil Phosphorus Fractions For A Long-Term Corn-Soybean Rotation With Tillage And Phosphorus Fertilization", "description": "<p>Determining how agricultural management practices affect soil P over time could further our understanding of soil P cycling and, thereby, improve P fertilizer use. This study assessed the effects of tillage and P fertilization on soil P fractions over 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr periods of cultivation. In 1992, a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotational experiment was established in eastern Canada. Soil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) were collected in spring 2002 and 2008 before corn was planted in plots cultivated under moldboard plow (MP) and no till (NT) management and fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901and 160 kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901(applied only during the corn phase). Soil samples were analyzed for different attributes including P fractions, Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff903 P (PM3), P saturation index (PSI), and other chemical properties. Results show that PM3and PSI were greater under NT compared with MP and also increased with increasing P application. Resin\uffe2\uff80\uff90P was greater under fertilized NT compare with MP after the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Similar results were obtained with NaHCO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93inorganic P (Pi) after the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. The P fertilization increased labile P fractions and HCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90P after the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period but increased all Pi fractions after the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. This indicates that the effects of P fertilization increased over time. For the two periods of cultivation, total P declined regardless of treatment; resin\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, HCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, NaOH\uffe2\uff80\uff90organic P (Po), and residual\uffe2\uff80\uff90P were the main contributors and accounted for 83 to 98% of the decrease in total P. Regressions between total P and cumulative P budget indicate that the cumulative P budget variations account for 61 and 43% of total P variations after a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period, respectively. Positive correlations between all Pi fractions and cumulative P budget indicate that combined NT and P fertilization enhanced soil Pi fractions, thereby improving soil P supplying capacity and P balance.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0427"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0427", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0427", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0427"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-13", "title": "Conservation Systems To Enhance Soil Carbon Sequestration In The Southeast U.S. Coastal Plain", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Edzard van Santen, Kipling S. Balkcom, Francisco J. Arriaga,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0034", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.04.0137", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-19", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nicol\u00e1s Wyngaard, Liliana I. Picone, Andr\u00e9s Vidaurreta, Hern\u00e1n Eduardo Echeverr\u00eda,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.04.0137"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.04.0137", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.04.0137", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.04.0137"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-10", "description": "<p>Replacement of fallow in crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow systems with cover crops (CCs) may improve soil properties. We assessed whether replacing fallow in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow with winter and spring CCs for 5 yr reduced wind and water erosion, increased soil organic carbon (SOC), and improved soil physical properties on a Ulysses silt loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustolls) in the semiarid central Great Plains. Winter triticale (\uffc3\uff97Triticosecale Wittm.), winter lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), spring lentil, spring pea (Pisum sativum L. ssp.), and spring triticale CCs were compared with wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow and continuous wheat under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till management. We also studied the effect of triticale haying on soil properties. Results indicate that spring triticale and spring lentil increased soil aggregate size distribution, while spring lentil reduced the wind erodible fraction by 1.6 times, indicating that CCs reduced the soil's susceptibility to wind erosion. Cover crops also increased wet aggregate stability and reduced runoff loss of sediment, total P, and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N. After 5 yr, winter and spring triticale increased SOC pool by 2.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 and spring lentil increased SOC pool by 2.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth compared with fallow. Triticale haying compared with no haying for 5 yr did not affect soil properties. Nine months after termination, CCs had, however, no effects on soil properties, suggesting that CC benefits are short lived in this climate. Overall, CCs, grown in each fallow phase in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, can reduce soil erosion and improve soil aggregation in this semiarid climate.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.02.0074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-15", "title": "Cover Crop Effects On Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Role Of Mineralizable Carbon", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O) emission from denitrification in agricultural soils often increases with N fertilizer and soil nitrate (NO\u2083) concentrations. Overwintering cover crops in cereal rotations can decrease soil NO\u2083 concentrations and may decrease N\u2082O emissions. However, mineralizable C availability can be a more important control on N\u2082O emission than NO\u2083 concentration in fertilized soils, and cover crop residue provides mineralizable C input. We measured the effect of a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop on soil N\u2082O emissions from a maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system treated with banded N fertilizer at three rates (0, 135, and 225 kg N ha\u2013\u00b9) in Iowa. In addition, we conducted laboratory incubations to determine if potential N\u2082O emissions were limited by mineralizable C or NO\u2083 at these N rates. The rye cover crop decreased soil NO\u2083 concentrations at all N rates. Although the cover crop decreased N\u2082O emissions when no N fertilizer was applied, it increased N\u2082O emissions at an N rate near the economic optimum. In laboratory incubations, N\u2082O emissions from soils from fertilizer bands did not increase with added NO\u2083, but did increase with added glucose. These results show that mineralizable C availability can control N\u2082O emissions, indicating that C from cover crop residue increased N\u2082O emissions from fertilizer band soils in the field. Mineralizable C availability should be considered in future evaluations of cover crop effects on N\u2082O emissions, especially as cover crops are evaluated as a strategy to mitigate agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.02.0074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.02.0074", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.02.0074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.02.0074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0160", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-10", "title": "Effects Of Biochar Addition On Nitrogen Leaching And Soil Structure Following Fertilizer Application To Rice Paddy Soil", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yesol Kim, Jingjing Chen, Gayoung Yoo, Hyun-Jin Kim,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0160"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0160", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0160", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0160"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-19", "description": "Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. doi:10.2136/sssaj 2013.07.0301 Received 26 July 2013 *Corresponding author (lotfollah.abdollahi@agrsci.dk; Lotfollah.abdollahi@yahoo.com) \u00a9 Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Tillage System and Cover Crop Effects on Soil Quality: I. Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties Soil & Water Management & Conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0258", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-21", "title": "Turnover Of Soil Carbon Following Addition Of Switchgrass-Derived Biochar To Four Soils", "description": "Amending soils with biochar can sequester C and improve soil properties, such as nutrient holding capacity and water retention. While biochars generally have a long residence time in soil, the turnover of biochar C can be influenced by both biochar characteristics and soil properties. Biochar can also potentially alter the rate of decomposition of native soil organic matter (SOM). The turnover of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)-derived biochar C was evaluated in the laboratory using soil from four marginally productive sites in central Pennsylvania. Carbon dioxide emissions from unamended soil, biochar-amended soil, and pure biochar were monitored during 189-d incubations, and data were fit to a two-pool exponential model to estimate the amount and mean residence time (MRT) of C in labile and stable pools. Carbon-13 signatures of emitted CO\u2082 were also determined to estimate the proportion of emitted CO\u2082 derived from the biochar. Mixing biochar with each of the soils reduced the apparent MRT of C in both labile and stable pools, but the magnitude of change depended on the soil. Overall, the biochar was largely stable in each soil, with only 1.1 to 2.1% of the added biochar C emitted during incubation. There was no measurable effect of biochar amendment on the turnover of native SOM in any of the soils. Therefore, we conclude that amendment of our soils with switchgrass-derived biochar can effectively increase net C sequestration.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0258"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0258", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0258", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0258"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-19", "description": "Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302 Received 26 July 2013 *Corresponding author (lotfollah.abdollahi@agrsci.dk; Lotfollah.abdollahi@yahoo.com) \u00a9 Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Tillage System and Cover Crop Effects on Soil Quality: II. Pore Characteristics Soil & Water Management & Conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0350nafsc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-18", "title": "Prescribed Fire And Timber Harvesting Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In A Pine Forest", "description": "<p>Thinning and prescribed fire are common management tools used to eliminate thick fuel loads that could otherwise facilitate and encourage a more severe catastrophic wildfire. The objective of this study was to quantify the lasting effects of prescribed fire on forest floor and soil nutrients approximately 9 yr after a burn occurred near Truckee, CA. The study site includes a prescribed fire following various harvest and understory removal treatments: whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree thinning, cut\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90length thinning, and no thinning. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 9 yr later following a prescribed burn. All forest floor and soil samples were analyzed for nutrients (O horizon: total N; mineral soil: total N, total C, mineral N). Fuel reductions were evident 9 yr after the fire in the burned plots. No significant changes in total C or total N in surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm) mineral soils occurred during the 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Mineral N concentrations in surface soils were greater in unburned than in burned cut\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90length thinning treatments after 9 yr. These differences were attributed to N inputs from decomposing slash and to the reduction in the biomass of N2 fixers by burning.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dale W. Johnson, D. W. Glass, Robert R. Blank, L.M. Roaldson, Roger F. Walker, J. D. Murphy, Watkins W. Miller, C.M. Stein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0350nafsc"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0350nafsc", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0350nafsc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0350nafsc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-02", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] farmers in the upper Midwest are showing increasing interest in winter cover crops. The effects of winter cover crops on soil quality in this region, however, have not been investigated extensively. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop after more than 9 yr in a corn silage\u2013soybean rotation. Four cereal rye winter cover crop treatments were established in 2001: no cover crop, rye after soybean, rye after silage, and rye after both. Soil organic matter (SOM), particulate organ- ic matter (POM), and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) were measured in 2010 and 2011 for two depth layers (0\u20135 and 5\u201310 cm) in both the corn silage and soybean phases of the rotation. In the 0- to 5-cm depth layer, a rye cover crop grown after both main crops had 15% greater SOM, 44% greater POM, and 38% greater PMN than the treatment with no cover crops. In gen- eral, the treatments that had a rye cover crop after both crops or after corn silage had a positive effect on the soil quality indicators relative to treatments without a cover crop or a cover crop only after soybean. Apparently, a rye cover crop grown only after soybean did not add enough residues to the soil to cause measureable changes in SOM, POM, or PMN. In general, rye cover crop effects were most pronounced in the top 5 cm of soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-08", "description": "Agriculture management practices can significantly affect soil C storage through changes in C inputs and losses. This study investigated the short-term effects of tillage (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), residue removal (0, 50, and 100%), and N rates of 0, 170, and 280 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 on soil C storage. Studies were established in 2008 to 2011 on a Nicollet clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls) and Canisteo clay loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls) soil association at Ames, central Iowa site (AC) and a Marshall silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) soil association at Armstrong, southwest Iowa site (ASW) in continuous corn (Zea Mays L.). Findings from the C budget show that under CT and N rate of 170 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 in continuous corn, there was no significant change in net soil C with no residue removal. Increasing N rate from 170 to 280 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 resulted in greater potential C inputs from above and belowground biomass, although C losses were not significantly different, especially with NT. Thus, a portion of soil surface residue could be removed without causing a net loss of soil C. Converting from CT to NT led to lower soil C losses, but C inputs varied due to soil temperature and water content differences and seasonal variability in a given year. Consequently, averaged across both tillage systems and at 280 kg ha\u207b\u00b9 N rate for continuous corn approximately 5.10 and 4.18 Mg ha\u207b\u00b9 of the residue should remain on the field to sustain soil C in 2010 and 5.23 and 5.18 Mg ha\u2013\u00b9 in 2011 for AC and ASW sites, respectively. These finding suggest that residue removal needs to be approached on yearly basis with particular consideration to site\u2019s yield potential and weather condition as the residue biomass production can be variable.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Jose G. Guzman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0332nafsc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-20", "title": "Forest Overstory Effect on Soil Organic Carbon Storage: A Meta-analysis", "description": "<p>A meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis using 77 studies from 28 countries was performed to assess the effect of hardwood vs. conifer overstory on soil organic C (SOC) storage in forest floor (FF), mineral soil, and whole soil (FF + mineral soil). Overall, FF stocks were 38% higher under conifers, mineral SOC stocks were similar, and whole soil SOC was 14% higher under conifers. An analysis with six of the seven most reported tree genera reaffirmed higher FF and whole soil C stocks under conifer stands. Analysis with all seven of the genera showed more pronounced variability in mineral SOC results compared with the overall results.Eucalyptuswas the only hardwood that stored significantly (17%) more SOC in the mineral soil than adjacent conifers.Piceawas the only conifer that stored significantly (7%) more SOC in the mineral soil than hardwoods. Differences in FF SOC stocks had a limited predictive power in explaining the variability of mineral SOC stock differences, suggesting that they are not very closely linked with regard to SOC storage. Only when comparing FF SOC stocks among genera did precipitation, age difference, soil texture, and previous land use moderate SOC storage differences between conifers and hardwoods. In other cases, neither climate nor soil variables could explain differences between SOC stocks. Our findings suggest that using plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90trait\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven vegetation categories may be a more descriptive way of detecting vegetation effects on SOC.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marie-C\u00e9cile Gruselle, Helga Van Miegroet, Antra Bo\u010da,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0332nafsc"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0332nafsc", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0332nafsc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0332nafsc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0351nafsc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-20", "title": "Post-Fire Comparisons Of Forest Floor And Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, And Mercury Pools With Fire Severity Indices", "description": "<p>Forest fires are important contributors of C, N, and Hg to the atmosphere. In the fall of 2011, a large wildfire occurred in northern Minnesota and we were able to quickly access the area to sample the forest floor and mineral soil for C, N, and Hg pools. When compared with unburned reference soils, the mean loss of C resulting from fire in the forest floor and the upper 20 cm of mineral soil was 19.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, for N the mean loss was 0.17 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and for Hg the mean loss was 9.3 g ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. To assess the influence of fire severity on the forest floor and mineral soils, we used an established method that included a soil burn severity index and a tree burn severity index with a gradient of severity classes. It was apparent that the unburned reference class had greater forest floor C, N, and Hg pools and higher C/N ratios than the burned classes. The C/N ratios of the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm mineral soils in the unburned reference class were also greater than in the burned classes, indicating that a small amount of C was lost and/or N was gained, potentially through leaching unburned forest floor material. However, with a couple of exceptions, the severity classes were unable to differentiate the forest floor and mineral soil impacts among soil burn and tree burn severity indices. Developing burn severity indices that are reflective of soil elemental impacts is an important first step in scaling ecosystem impacts both within and across fire events.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "Other Forestry and Forest Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "Natural Resources Management and Policy", "15. Life on land", "Forest Management", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0351nafsc"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0351nafsc", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0351nafsc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0351nafsc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0422", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-25", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates Under Crop Sequence Diversity, Bio-Covers, And No-Tillage", "description": "<p>Climate change may be mitigated through soil organic C (SOC) storage under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage; however, crop management influences on SOC are not well defined in all systems. Our objective was to compare long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C fluxes under two no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage sites at Research and Education Centers in Milan (RECM) on Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs and at Middle Tennessee (MTREC) on a Typic Paleudalf in a split\uffe2\uff80\uff90block design with four replications. The whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90block was cropping sequences of corn (Zea mays L.), soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with split\uffe2\uff80\uff90block bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover treatments of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa], poultry litter, and a fallow control. The same sequences were performed at MTREC without cotton. Soil C flux was calculated at surfaces (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm) and subsurfaces (5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) during Year 0, 2, 4, and 8. During the first 2 yr, C losses occurred in all treatments and locations (1.40 and 1.20 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at RECM and MTREC, respectively), with stabilization initiating by Year 4. By Year 8, sequences with high frequencies of soybean and greater temporal complexity gained more surface SOC. Poultry litter bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90covers gained more surface SOC compared to wheat, vetch, and fallow bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90covers (P &lt; 0.05). After 8 yr, surface SOC surpassed initial levels (9.20 and 8.79 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), with mean gains of 1.33 and 1.16 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at RECM and MTREC, respectively. Losses occurred in subsoils at MTREC and RECM, but by Year 8 several treatments had recovered to near baseline levels. Results suggest surface C storage may be enhanced by crop sequence diversity combined with poultry litter bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90covers in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems, whereas subsurface levels may require more time.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0422"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0422", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0422", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0422"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-25", "title": "Soil Carbon And Crop Yields Affected By Irrigation, Tillage, Cropping System, And Nitrogen Fertilization", "description": "Management practices are needed to reduce soil C losses from croplands converted from Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grassland. We evaluated the effects of irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on surface residue and soil organic C (SOC) at the 0- to 85-cm depth in relation to crop yields in a sandy loam soil from 2005 to 2011 in croplands converted from CRP in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated vs. nonirrigated) as the main plot and six cropping systems [CRP, conventional till malt barley (L.) with N fertilizer (CTBN), conventional till malt barley without N fertilizer (CTBO), no-till malt barley\u2013pea (L.) with N fertilizer (NTB-P), no-till malt barley with N fertilizer (NTBN), and no-till malt barley without N fertilizer (NTBO)] as the split plot arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Soil surface residue amount and C content were greater in CRP and NTBN than the other cropping systems. At 0 to 5 cm, SOC was greater in irrigated CRP, but at 0 to 85 cm it was greater in nonirrigated NTBN than most other treatments. At 0 to 20 cm, SOC increased by 0.26 to 1.21 Mg C ha yr in NTB-P and CRP but decreased by 0.02 to 0.68 Mg C ha yr in other cropping systems. Surface residue C and SOC at 0 to 10 cm were related to annualized crop grain yield (= 0.45\u20130.77, \u2264 0.12, = 10). Because of positive C sequestration rate and favorable crop yields, NTB-P may be used as a superior management option to reduce soil C losses and sustain yields in croplands converted from CRP in the northern Great Plains.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thecan Caesar-TonThat, Upendra M. Sainju, William B. Stevens,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-30", "title": "Can Cover Crop And Manure Maintain Soil Properties After Stover Removal From Irrigated No-Till Corn?", "description": "Addition of cover crops and animal manure following corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal for expanded uses may mitigate negative soil property effects of stover removal. We studied the short-term (3 yr) cumulative impacts of stover removal with and without winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop or animal manure application on near-surface (0- to 5-cm depth) soil properties under irrigated no-till continuous corn on a Hastings silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Udic Argiustolls) (<3% slope) near Clay Center, NE. Treatments were irrigation levels (full and deficit), amelioration practices (none, cover crop, or animal manure), stover removal (no removal or maximum removal), and N fertilization (125 or 200 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9). Data collected after 3 yr indicate that stover removal (63%) reduced geometric mean diameter of dry aggregates 93%, increased erodible fraction sixfold, and reduced aggregate stability 32% compared with plots without stover removal. Stover removal from plots with cover crop or manure reduced dry aggregate size and stability and increased erodible fraction compared with plots without removal and amelioration practices, indicating that amelioration practices did not offset stover removal effects. Stover removal reduced wet aggregate stability and soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth, but cover crop or manure mitigated these small reductions. Stover removal did not change water infiltration rates and had small effects on particulate organic matter (POM). Overall, in the short term, cover crop or manure may not provide sufficient protection from raindrop impact and wetting and drying cycles to maintain soil structure, resulting in increased susceptibility to wind erosion. Use of these amelioration practices, however, may offset changes in surface layer wet aggregate stability and SOC after high rates of stover removal in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-19", "title": "Long-Term Fertilization Practices Alter Aluminum Fractions And Coordinate State In Soil Colloids", "description": "<p>Understanding how fertilization practices affect Al fractions is important for the alleviation of soil acidification and the sequestration of soil organic C (SOC). Two selective extraction methods, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier\uffe2\uff80\uff90transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to assess the transformation of Al fractions in Ferralic Cambisol soils under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (22\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr) treatment with chemical and/or organic fertilizers. The results showed that Al fractions were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) altered by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization. Compared with chemical fertilization (N and N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K), organic fertilization (manure alone and N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K with manure) significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased amorphous Al and decreased exchangeable Al, while the addition of lime (N with lime and N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K with lime) significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased weakly organically bound Al and decreased exchangeable Al. Amorphous Al was significantly positively correlated with soil C (P &lt; 0.01), indicating that amorphous Al could enhance soil C sequestration. In contrast, exchangeable Al was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH (P &lt; 0.01), indicating that reducing the concentration of exchangeable Al could alleviate soil acidification. The 27Al NMR and FTIR spectroscopy results of soil colloids further confirmed the presence of amorphous Al as allophane and imogolite in soil colloids under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization and organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization treatments but not under chemical fertilization, suggesting that the enhancement of soil nanominerals by organic fertilization may be another new mechanism for alleviating soil acidification. Our results provide novel insight into how Al fractions and their coordinate states under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization enhance soil C sequestration while alleviating soil acidification.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0337", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-01", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal for biofuel or forage has implications on soil organic C (SOC). The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term (3-yr) stover management (retained or removed [79% removed, across treatments and years]), tillage system (chisel tillage, strip-tillage, and no-till [CT, ST, and NT, respectively]), and fertilizer N (0 and 224 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9) effects on particulate and total soil C and N in continuous corn (CC) cropping systems on fine-textured soils in the Upper Midwest. Soil samples were collected at study initiation in 2008 and at its conclusion in 2011. Stover removal decreased SOC in the surface depth (D1) by 15% compared to when it was retained and 11% when compared with the baseline level. In the same depth, SOC with CT was 10 and 9% less than with ST and NT, respectively, and 10% less than the baseline. Particulate organic matter C (POM-C) decreased in D1 between sampling times with stover removal in all tillage systems. When stover was retained, POM-C in D1 increased 36 and 40% over the baseline with ST and NT, respectively, but decreased 18% with CT. Chisel tillage decreased POM-C in the sampled soil profile by 13 and 17% compared with ST and NT, respectively, and by 21% when compared with the baseline. These results demonstrate that annually harvesting the maximum quantities of stover in CC allowable by field-scale machinery can reduce near-surface particulate and total soil organic matter in the Upper Midwest after 3 yr, but losses can be reduced by tillage systems that reduce soil disturbance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0337"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0337", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0337", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0337"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11030236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-11", "title": "Agro-Morphological Evaluation of Lupinus mutabilis in Two Locations in Greece and Association with Insect Pollinators", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis Sweet is an Andean protein crop with agro-economic potential. However, it is characterized by low yields and phenotypic plasticity related to environmental conditions when cultivated in different locations in Europe. Current research objective was to evaluate L. mutabilis agro-morphological performance in two locations in Greece and to record its pollinators, since these can contribute to optimization of crop performance. For this purpose, eight Andean lupin accessions, one white and one blue lupin commercial varieties were evaluated for 71 agro-morphological traits in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Combined Analysis over Location presented a significant accession-location interaction for traits of economic interest such as seed crude protein and 100 seed weight. Seed crude protein was higher in L. mutabilis accessions (up to 43.8 g 100 g\u22121 seed) than white and blue lupins. Andean lupin yielded up to 327 kg ha\u22121 (LIB214) in Kalamata, while its yield was lower than the white lupin in Athens. Using principal component analysis, three groups of accessions were formed, one by each lupin species and three within Andean lupin accessions. Floral traits such as color and size are related to pollinators diversity and preference. Insect pollinators and floral traits interplay among different lupin species was examined. Pollinators visited L. mutabilis flowers belong to the genera Anthophora, Bombus, Megachile and Xylocopa. The results of the present study, indicate that L.mutabilis has agronomic potential and enhances above ground biodiversity, however breeding for higher yields is required.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean", "15. Life on land", "yield", "01 natural sciences", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "agro-morphological", "S1-972", "South Europe", "crude protein", "Andean lupin", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "pollinators"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/236/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/236/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11030236", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11030236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11030236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-16", "description": "Tillage practices affect soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, which in turn influence soil ecosystem processes. In this study we measured the effects of long-term conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) practices on SOC and its fraction over the winter wheat growing season in surface and subsurface soils. Soil samples were taken during five physiological stages of winter wheat growth to a depth of 60 cm from the long-term (19 yr) experimental station on Loess Plateau in China. While the SOC content increased slowly in the surface soils during winter wheat growth with the NT treatment, it showed less fluctuation with the CT treatment. On average, NT treatment resulted in 82 and 53% higher SOC content in depth of 0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm than CT treatment (P < 0.05). However, seasonal variations in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were similar under NT and CT, and showed maximum values in before-winter anthesis stage. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) trend was highest before sowing, decreased before the winter and jointed stages, and increased again during the anthesis stage. Particulate organic carbon, MBC, and DOC were all significantly higher with NT than with CT in the upper 10 cm. Soil depth affected SOC and its fraction which decreased from surface to subsurface soil. The POC, MBC, and DOC were highly correlated with the SOC. This study demonstrated that measurements of the effect of tillage practices on SOC based on SOC fractions should include both seasonal changes and profile distribution.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yanqing Zhang, Jianbo Wang, Enke Liu, Changrong Yan, Xurong Mei, Baoqing Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0069", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0166", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-03", "title": "Tillage And Residue Management Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Under Irrigated Continuous Corn", "description": "<p>Demand for corn (Zea mays L.) stover as forage or as a cellulosic biofuel has increased the importance of determining the effects of stover removal on biomass production and the soil resource. Our objectives were to evaluate grain yield, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93150 cm) in a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr, irrigated, continuous corn study under conventional disk tillage (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) with variable corn stover removal rates (none, medium, and high). Natural abundance C isotope compositions (\uffce\uffb413C) were used to determine C additions by corn (C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C) to the soil profile and to evaluate the retention of residual C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C. After 10 yr of management treatments, mean grain yields were 7.5 to 8.6% higher for NT when stover was removed compared with no stover removal, while grain yields were similar for CT in all stover removal treatments. Turnover of SOC occurred as C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C stocks were replaced by C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 120\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil profile. Total SOC and N stocks changed mainly in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm), with no detectable cumulative changes at 0 to 150 cm. Specifically, SOC declined after 10 yr under CT at 0 to 15 cm and was affected by residue management at 15 to 30 cm. Total soil N was greater when no stover was removed (P = 0.0073) compared with high stover removal at 0 to 15 cm. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term NT ameliorated medium stover removal effects by maintaining near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface SOC levels. Results support the need to evaluate SOC cycling processes below near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface soil layers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0166"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0166", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0166", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0166"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0334", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-27", "title": "Conversion From Conventional To No Tillage Alters Thermal Stability Of Organic Matter In Soil Aggregates", "description": "The quantity and stability of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with soil aggregates are affected by tillage management, which can be characterized potentially using the technique of thermal analysis. In this study, we evaluated the concentration and thermal stability of SOM occulted with various aggregate classes under no-tillage (NT) and moldboard plow (MP) treatments using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Soil samples were collected 10 yr after tillage experiment was started. The results showed that conversion from MP to NT significantly increased SOM concentration and the proportion of large macro-aggregates (>2 mm) in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. For all aggregate classes the derivatives of thermogravimetry curves (DTG) had three weight loss peaks near 100, 350, and 500\u00b0C, and one endothermic peak and three exothermic peaks in the DSC curves. No differences in ignition temperature, peak position, and ending temperature of SOM combustion were observed between tillage treatments and among the soil layers. For both tillage systems, the proportion of thermal labile SOM (weight loss in 200\u2013400\u00b0C accounting for that in 200\u2013550\u00b0C, Exo\u2081/Exo\u209c\u2092\u209c) and energy densities (ED) of SOM (energy release per unit SOM) declined with decreasing aggregate size in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer. Moreover, TG-T\u2085\u2080 (the temperature resulting in 50% of SOM loss) correlated negatively to aggregate size, but DSC-T\u2085\u2080 (the temperature at which 50% of energy resulting from organic matter combustion release) correlated positively to aggregate size. Compared with MP management, NT management improved quantity but decreased thermal stability of SOM in aggregates in the 0- to 5-cm layer, which was indicated by the greater weight loss at combustion, higher Exo\u2081/Exo\u209c\u2092\u209c ratio, greater energy densities and lower TG-T\u2085\u2080. No tillage also led to increased stratification ratios of thermal labile and thermal recalcitrant SOM.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tusheng Ren, Tianzhen Zhou, Weida Gao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0334"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0334", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0334", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0334"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0399", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-24", "title": "Soil Response To Corn Residue Removal And Cover Crops In Eastern South Dakota", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0399"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0399", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0399", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0399"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-10", "title": "From Real Soils to 3D-Printed Soils: Reproduction of Complex Pore Network at the Real Size in a Silty-Loam Soil", "description": "Pore complexity and micro-heterogeneity are pivotal in characterizing biogeochemical processes in soils. Recent advances in X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) allow the 3D soil morphology characterization of undisturbed samples, although its geometrical reproduction at very small spatial scales is still challenging. Here, by combining X-ray microCT with 3D multijet printing technology, we aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of 3D-printing soil structures at the original scale with a resolution of 80 \u03bcm and compare the hydraulic properties of original soil samples with those obtained from the soil-like prototypes. Results showed that soil-like prototypes were similar to the original samples in terms of total porosity and pore shape. By contrast the pore connectivity was reduced by incomplete wax removal from pore cavities after the 3D printing procedure. Encouraging results were also obtained in terms of hydraulic conductivity since measurements were successfully conducted on five out of six samples, showing positive correlation with experimental data. We are confident that future developments of 3D-printing technologies and of their combination with microCT will help to further the understanding of soil micro-heterogeneity and its effects on soil-water dynamics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Soil structure", " 3D Print; X-ray microtomography", " water permeability"], "contacts": [{"organization": "DAL FERRO, NICOLA, MORARI, FRANCESCO,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3188605/4/Dal%20Ferro_From%20real%20soils%20to%203D%20printed%20soils_2015.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0241", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-11", "title": "Long-Term Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Under Semiarid Tillage And Cropping Practices", "description": "Understanding changes in soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) is important for evaluating C fluxes and optimizing N management. We evaluated long-term SOC and TSN changes under dryland rotations for historical stubble-mulch (HSM) and graded terrace (GT) plots on a clay loam soil in Bushland, TX. Compared with adjacent grassland with no history of cultivation, stored SOC in the surface 0.30 m of HSM declined by 41% after 86 yr of cultivation, with half of the estimated changes occurring during the first 20 yr. In the HSM plots under a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\u2013fallow rotation, SOC and TSN (0.0\u20130.152 m) were significantly greater with decreasing tillage intensity (P < 0.05) in 1977 for treatments imposed in 1941. On GT plots under a winter wheat\u2013sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]\u2013fallow rotation, SOC and TSN storage under no-till were not significantly (P = 0.396 and P = 0.261, respectively) different from stubble-mulch tillage 30 yr after treatments were imposed in 1984. Calculated export of N in wheat and sorghum grain from 1927 to 2013 from GT (1.6 Mg ha\u207b\u00b9) accounted for 80% of the difference between TSN in grassland and GT plots. From 1927 to 1960, TSN decline exceeded N in exported grain by 1.2 Mg ha\u207b\u00b9 and may explain present-day accumulation of NO\u2083\u2013N at 1 to 6 m in the unsaturated zone. Since 1966, crops have probably been assimilating NO\u2083\u2013N located deeper in the soil profile to supplement N requirements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0241"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0241", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0241", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0241"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2016.01.0003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-07", "title": "On-Farm Assessments Of Soil Quality In Ohio And Michigan", "description": "<p> Core Ideas <p>We demonstrated the soil quality index for assessing on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm sites.</p> <p>Clay content and soil organic C were the key indicators for soil quality index assessment.</p> <p>The soil quality index was positively correlated with corn yield.</p> <p>Overall, the soil quality index is an effective tool for assessing agronomic productivity in Ohio and Michigan.</p> </p><p>Climate change may have major implications for agricultural production in the Midwest. In response, farmers and scientists need ways to ensure continued corn (Zea mays L.) productivity while minimizing the environmental impacts of their management decisions in response to those changes. The use of a soil quality index (SQI) may be an effective tool for accomplishing both goals. Our objectives were to demonstrate the on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm use of an SQI for assessing the effects of tillage and crop rotation on soil quality and agronomic productivity while also identifying soil properties that can serve as key indicators for SQI assessment. Clay content and soil organic C (SOC) were identified as key indicators for soil quality assessment in this region. SQI values were higher for corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93S) than for continuous corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93cover crop systems (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93C) or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93S\uffe2\uff80\uff93W) (P &lt; 0.05). Soil quality index values were positively correlated with corn yield (R = 0.75; P &lt; 0.05; n = 30), suggesting that an overall SQI can be an effective tool for assessing the agronomic productivity in Ohio and Michigan.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.01.0003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2016.01.0003", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2016.01.0003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2016.01.0003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2016.11.0368", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-19", "title": "Impact Of Straw Return On Soil Carbon Indices, Enzyme Activity, And Grain Production", "description": "<p> Core Ideas <p>Straw return could increase SOC stock and improve soil enzyme activities.</p> <p>Both wheat and maize straw returned enlarged SOC stock, soil quality, and crop yield.</p> <p>The single return of crop straw was better for improving the economic sustainability</p> </p><p>Straw return is a promising method for managing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils and thus may promote sustainable land use. However, the optimal straw\uffe2\uff80\uff90return strategy for economically sustainable grain production in intensive winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93summer maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems remains uncertain. A 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field experiment was conducted in the central North China Plain to determine the effects of straw return on SOC stock and lability, soil enzyme activity, and grain yield, and to further evaluate the sustainability of crop production in intensive wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize double\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropping systems. Four treatments were tested: no straw return (NR), return of wheat straw (WR), return of maize straw (MR), and return of both wheat and maize straw (WR+MR). Compared with the initial value, SOC stocks significantly increased by 2.8, 5.4, and 13.1% in WR, MR, and WR+MR, respectively, and significantly decreased by 2.9% in NR. Stocks of KMnO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxidizable C and microbial biomass C; activities of soil invertase, protease, and dehydrogenase; and the C management index were significantly higher with than without straw return and followed the order NR &lt; WR &lt; MR &lt; WR+MR. Yields of wheat and maize were highest in WR+MR, but economic sustainability was higher in WR and MR relative to NR and WR+MR. Our results indicate that return of either wheat or maize straw is sufficient to maintain SOC levels and may be the optimal strategy for economically sustainable grain production in the central North China Plain.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.11.0368"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2016.11.0368", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2016.11.0368", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2016.11.0368"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2018.10.0380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-13", "title": "Can Bioenergy Ash Applications Emulate the Effects of Wildfire on Upland Forest Soil Chemical Properties?", "description": "Core Ideas<p> <p>Bioenergy is growing; the ash generated as a by\uffe2\uff80\uff90product is often treated as waste.</p> <p>Ash applications could be used to emulate wildfire effects on forest soil chemistry.</p> <p>Wildfires and ash applications increase soil phosphorus and calcium and raise pH.</p> <p>Guidance on ash dosage rates and pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment for emulating wildfire is required.</p> </p><p>As efforts to combat climate change intensify in Canada and around the world, the use of forest biomass to produce energy is expanding rapidly. At the same time, there is an urgent need for environmentally sustainable methods of handling the ash generated during biomass combustion. Currently, bioenergy ash is often landfilled, placing significant pressure on Canada's waste disposal infrastructure. In some countries, however, the use of bioenergy ash as a nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich forest soil amendment is strongly encouraged. Given that forest management in Canada is often driven by the \uffe2\uff80\uff98emulation of natural disturbance\uffe2\uff80\uff99 paradigm, bioenergy ash could have potential as a management tool for improving wildfire emulation in harvested stands. We compared published values of wildfire ash chemistry with those for Canadian and European bioenergy ash and found that they are similar. We used meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to examine changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and soil pH following wildfires and applications of bioenergy ash on upland forested sites. Both wildfires and bioenergy ash can reduce forest floor C and N pools: wildfires by direct combustion of organic matter, and ash applications by an apparent increase in organic matter decay. Both wildfires and bioenergy ash applications increase extractable P, exchangeable Ca and pH in surface mineral soils. Although bioenergy ash applications can trigger larger increases in available P and pH in surface mineral soils than wildfires, controlling ash dosage rates or pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treating the ash to slow the rate of nutrient release could attenuate some of these effects.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lisa A. Venier, Kirsten D. Hannam, R.L. Fleming, Paul W. Hazlett,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.10.0380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2018.10.0380", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2018.10.0380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2018.10.0380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0101", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-21", "title": "Influence Of Forest Disturbance On Stable Nitrogen Isotope Ratios In Soil And Vegetation Profiles", "description": "Soil and plant stable N isotope ratios (\u03b4\u00b9\u2075N) are influenced by atmospheric N\u2082 inputs and processes that regulate organic matter (OM) transformation and N cycling. The resulting \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N patterns may be useful for discerning ecosystem differences in N cycling. We studied two ecosystems, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.)\u2013wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.) (LLP) and Appalachian hardwood (AHW) forests in the US Southeast under different management regimes. In LLP, burning removes OM. In AHW, clearcutting creates large OM pulses of logging residue. Although burning removes OM and clearcutting creates a pulse addition of OM, both management regimes increase soil N availability and N\u2082\u2013fixing plants. The LLP treatments included burning every 2 yr with N\u2082 fixers and reference fire exclusion sites without N\u2082 fixers. The AHW included 25-yr-old clearcut plots with and without N\u2082 fixers, and uncut reference without N\u2082 fixers. We hypothesized that: (i) compared with the reference, OM removal (LLP) would enrich \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N values while OM addition (AHW) would deplete \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N in soil and vegetation pools; and (ii) N\u2082 fixers would mitigate \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N enrichment in LLP response and exacerbate \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N depletion in AHW. We examined total \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N in soil profiles, tree increment cores, and foliage. The LLP soil and vegetation \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N values showed no treatment effect. In AHW, \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N values in clearcut subsurface soils (20\u201360 cm) were lower than the reference, but N\u2082 fixers had no effect. Wood \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N differed with treatment; N\u2082 fixers had no effect. Our data suggest that AHW soil profile \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N patterns may indicate past disturbance; however, wood and foliar \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N response is species specific. Additionally, N\u2082\u2013fixing plants respond to ecosystem disturbance, but the data suggest that they play little role in soil or plant \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N values.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0101"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0101", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0101", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0101"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-25", "description": "<p> Core Ideas <p>Organic treatments significantly enhanced soil organic C, total N, and most enzymes activities.</p> <p>The highest soil organic C, total N, and enzyme activities were existed in 200\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 63\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm fraction.</p> <p>Soil organic C, total N, C/N ratio, \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, sulfatase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellobiohydrolase, and phenol oxidase activities were significantly correlated with phospholipid fatty acids.</p> </p><p>A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment was established in 1981 to examine the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and microbial community composition. In this study, we considered 33 yr of the following fertilizer treatments: no fertilizer (control, CK), fertilizer N (N), fertilizer N and P (NP), fertilizer N, P and K (NPK), manure plus fertilizer N, P and K (NPKM), and manure (M). We focused on yellow\uffe2\uff80\uff90brown paddy soil and its particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90size fractions of &gt;2000 \uffc2\uffb5m (large macroaggregate sized), 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff93200 \uffc2\uffb5m (coarse sand sized), 200\uffe2\uff80\uff9363 \uffc2\uffb5m (fine sand sized), 63\uffe2\uff80\uff932 \uffc2\uffb5m (silt sized), and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1 \uffc2\uffb5m (clay sized). Nutrient concentrations and enzymes, affected by fertilizer treatment and particle fraction, were unevenly active throughout the soils which showed significantly highest concentration and activity in the fine sand fraction, except sulfatase (Sul). However, the coarse sand fraction contributed the largest SOC, TN, and enzyme pools to bulk soil, followed by silt\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized and large macroaggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized fractions. Compared with NPK, NPKM, and M treatments significantly improved SOC, TN, phosphatase (Pho), \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase (\uffce\uffb2G), \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellobiohydrolase (\uffce\uffb2CB), N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase (NAG), \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90xylosidase (\uffce\uffb2X), phenol oxidase (PhOx), peroxidase activities, and the total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) abundance of soil fractions. Manure also accelerated SOC, TN, and most enzymes accumulation in coarse sand fraction at the expense of clay fraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of microbial community composition showed a smaller variability in particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90size fractions than treatments which suggested a considerable effect of soil nutrient availability on microbial community composition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) also convinced SOC, TN, C/N ratio, \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase (\uffce\uffb1G), Sul, \uffce\uffb2G, \uffce\uffb2CB, and PhOx activities significantly governed microbial community in this study. Our results conveyed long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of organic fertilizers contributed to the increase of SOC, TN, and most enzyme activities in bulk soil and particle fractions, along with abundant and diverse microbial community in fine sand fraction and other organic treated soil fractions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jingwen Sun, Ping He, Guoqing Liang, Qian Zhang, Wang Xiubin, Wei Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-05", "description": "<p> Core Ideas <p>Nitrous oxide emissions were greater in winter than spring or fall.</p> <p>Tillage radish increased over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N2O fluxes.</p> <p>Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legume cover crops increased N2O fluxes under apparent NO3 limiting conditions.</p> </p><p>Cover crops retain post\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvest nutrients but how they impact non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is unclear. Therefore, we quantified how cover crop type (fall rye [Secale cereale L.] or oilseed radish [Raphanus sativus L.]) and fertilizer source (compost or inorganic fertilizer) affected N2O emissions, soil water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (WEOC) and nitrate (NO3) dynamics over two non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing seasons. A treatment with no fertilizer or cover crop was also included. Weekly, N2O fluxes were determined using vented static chambers; soil WEOC and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations were measured monthly. Each non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season, mean N2O fluxes were 74 to 450% greater in the winter (21 December\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 March) than spring (21 March\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 June) or fall (22 September\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 December). In winter 2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015, oilseed radish increased the mean N2O flux by 39 and 323% compared with fall rye and no cover crop, respectively, while the mean N2O fluxes were strongly correlated to the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter (16 Dec. 2014) NO3 concentrations (r = 0.96; P &lt; 0.001), indicating NO3 levels &lt; 6 mg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 limited N2O fluxes. In 2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015, fall rye and oilseed radish had 76 and 154% greater cumulative N2O emissions than amended soils with no cover crop, respectively. Across both winters, an exponential model explained 67% of variability between the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter WEOC to NO3 ratio and N2O fluxes, indicating that organic C and NO3 controlled over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N2O fluxes. Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legume cover crops increased non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season N2O emissions, suggesting that cover crops concentrate denitrification substrates in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated soil to enhance N2O fluxes.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-18", "title": "Corn Residue Baling And Grazing Impacts On Soil Carbon Stocks And Other Properties On A Haplustoll", "description": "<p> Core Ideas <p>Corn residue baling reduced SOC stocks by 2.16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931 compared with no removal after 3 yr.</p> <p>Baling increased erosion potential and reduced soil microbial biomass.</p> <p>Cattle grazing of corn residues did not generally affect soil properties.</p> <p>Baling and grazing effects on soil properties did not vary with irrigation and tillage system.</p> <p>Baling affected soil properties more than grazing regardless of irrigation and tillage.</p> </p><p>Baling and grazing of corn (Zea mays L.) residues are common practices in irrigated systems to meet the increasing demand for forage. Our understanding of how such practices affect soil properties under different tillage and irrigation levels is, however, still limited. This study assessed the impacts of corn residue baling and grazing on soil organic C (SOC) stocks, particulate organic matter (POM) concentration, soil microbial communities, sorptivity, and wind and water erosion potential under continuous corn managed with two irrigation (full and limited) and two tillage (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and strip till) levels after 3 yr on a silt loam in the central Great Plains. On average, residue removal was 66% for baling and 24% for grazing. Baling reduced SOC stocks by 2.16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931 for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth compared with no residue removal, but residue grazing, irrigation, and tillage had no effects. Full irrigation decreased mean weight diameter (MWD) of wet aggregates by 19% compared with limited irrigation, attributed to Na accumulation. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till had lower wind\uffe2\uff80\uff90erodible fraction and greater microbial biomass than strip till. Regardless of irrigation and tillage, baling increased wind\uffe2\uff80\uff90erodible fraction by 43% and decreased MWD by 56%, POM concentration by 41%, sorptivity by 57%, and microbial biomass in the upper 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth compared with grazing and no residue removal. Grazing increased POM concentration and actinomycete biomass compared with no residue removal. Overall, changes in soil properties due to baling were larger and more rapid than in most previous studies, while grazing had fewer effects on soil properties.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2011.0067", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-08", "title": "Clay Dispersibility And Soil Friability-Testing The Soil Clay-To-Carbon Saturation Concept", "description": "<p>Soil organic carbon (OC) influences clay dispersibility, which affects soil tilth conditions and the risk of vertical migration of clay colloids. No universal lower threshold of OC has been identified for satisfactory stabilization of soil structure. We tested the concept of clay saturation with OC as a predictor of clay dispersibility and soil friability. Soil was sampled 3 yr in a field varying in clay content (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc100 to \uffe2\uff88\uffbc220 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) and grown with different crop rotations. Clay dispersibility was measured after end\uffe2\uff80\uff90over\uffe2\uff80\uff90end shaking of field\uffe2\uff80\uff90moist soil and 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm sized aggregates either air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried or rewetted to \uffe2\uff88\uff92100 hPa matric potential. Tensile strength of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried aggregates was calculated from their compressive strength, and soil friability estimated from the strength\uffe2\uff80\uff93volume relation. Crop rotation characteristics gave only minor effects on clay dispersibility and no detectable effects on soil friability. Dispersed clay correlated to soil content of clay, but the correlation increased if subtracting a fraction assumed protected by OC. This trend was less convincing for soil tensile strength and friability. Increased clay dispersibility and reduced soil friability for 1 yr of measurements could be ascribed to wet conditions for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) harvest and tillage the preceding year. Literature data indicate soils' content of clay and silt (Fines20) to be a better predictor of specific surface area than clay. We conclude that a clay/OC ratio of 10 and a Fines20/OC ratio of 20 may serve as corresponding thresholds for clay dispersibility, the latter probably best reflecting organo\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral interactions of importance to the soil physical properties.</p>", "keywords": ["TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "SURFACE-AREA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR", "15. Life on land", "DESTABILIZATION", "AGGREGATE STRENGTH", "Soil quality", "CROP-ROTATION", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "SANDY LOAMS", "MANAGEMENT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TENSILE-STRENGTH"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2011.0067"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/vzj2011.0067", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/vzj2011.0067", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/vzj2011.0067"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-14", "title": "The Assessment of Soil Quality in Contrasting Land-Use and Tillage Systems on Farm Fields with Stagnic Luvisol Soil in Estonia", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil quality indicates the soil\u2019s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage intensity has been suggested as an alternative to conventional tillage for sustaining soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil tillage systems on individual soil quality indicators in comparison to those on grassland with Stagnic Luvisol soil in Estonia. Four soil management systems were compared: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and grassland (G) as a reference. Soil quality indicators included physical (bulk density, water-stable aggregates, porosity, air-filled pores, moisture content, water-holding capacity, penetration resistance and water permeability), chemical (total N, total soil organic C, permanganate oxidisable C, pH, P, K, Ca and Mg) and biological (earthworm abundance) parameters. CT soils had a significantly lower aggregate stability compared to MT and G soils. The higher penetration resistance of CT under an arable layer suggested the presence of a plough pan. NT improved the soil\u2019s physical quality at 5\u201310 cm, which was indicated by higher moisture content, water-holding capacity and porosity and a lower bulk density, whereas penetration resistance exceeded 2 MPa in the lower part of the topsoil. NT also had significantly lower total soil organic C and total N compared to MT and G. The absence of tillage in the NT and G systems may have improved the soil\u2019s resistance to moisture loss under dry conditions, which, in turn, improved the soil habitability for earthworms a despite higher density. In general, NT or MT stabilised or increased the soil quality compared to CT.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "earthworms; minimum tillage; no-tillage; soil physical properties; water-stable aggregates (WSA)", "Agriculture (General)", "no-tillage", "earthworms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "minimum tillage", "13. Climate action", "soil physical properties", "water-stable aggregates (WSA)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2149/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122149"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture12122149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-15", "title": "Rhizosphere\u2010Scale Quantification of Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Impacted by Root and Seed Exudates", "description": "Core Ideas<p> <p>We hypothesized that plant exudates gel soil particles and on drying enhance water repellency.</p> <p>This has been carried out using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale mechanical and hydraulic measurements.</p> <p>Plant exudates enhanced soil hardness and modulus of elasticity as chia seed &gt; maize root &gt; barley root.</p> <p>Plant exudates caused measureable decreases in soil wetting rates through water repellency.</p> </p><p>Using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale physical measurements, we tested the hypothesis that plant exudates gel together soil particles and, on drying, enhance soil water repellency. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analog. Sandy loam and clay loam soils were treated with root exudates at 0.46 and 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil and chia seed exudate at 0.046, 0.46, 0.92, 2.3 and 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil. Soil hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured at \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa matric potential using a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter spherical indenter. The water sorptivity and repellency index of air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry soil were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer device with a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm tip radius. Soil hardness increased by 28% for barley root exudate, 62% for maize root exudate, and 86% for chia seed exudate at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, root exudates did not affect soil hardness, whereas chia seed exudate increased soil hardness by 48% at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration. Soil water repellency increased by 48% for chia seed exudate and 23% for maize root exudate but not for barley root exudate at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, chia seed exudate increased water repellency by 45%, whereas root exudates did not affect water repellency at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration. Water sorptivity and repellency were both correlated with hardness, presumably due to the combined influence of exudates on the hydrological and mechanical properties of the soils.</p", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "550", "EP/M020355/1", "seed exudate", "QH301 Biology", "551", "630", "QH301", "DIMR 646809", "GE1-350", "2. Zero hunger", "soil mechanical stability", "QE1-996.5", "BB/J000868/1", "Civil_env_eng", "name=Soil Science", "Root exudate", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "BB/J011460/1", "BB/L026058/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "rhizosphere-scale indenter and infiltrometer", "soil water repellency", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4977/1/vzj-17-1-170083-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415075/1/vzj2017.04.0083_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415075/2/vzj_17_1_170083_1_.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture14050652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-23", "title": "Opportunity of the NEGFRY Decision Support System for the Sustainable Control of Potato Late Blight in A Limia (NW of Spain)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The NEGFRY system is presented in this research work as a novelty strategy for the control of potato late blight in A Limia (NW Spain). The aim was to analyse the number of fungicide applications established by NEGFRY (Decision Support System, DSS) with respect to the routine calendars of this potato production area. This approach is in accordance with the requirements imposed by European policies, participating in more profitable and environmentally friendly agriculture. For this purpose, the relationships between the pathogen and the environmental conditions and epidemiological parameters were analysed in different plots compared to late blight infection in both Routine and DSS strategies. In addition, economic and environmental impacts of fungicide sprays were also analysed to check the adaptability of the decision support system to late blight in the area. Results confirmed that it is possible to reduce sprays following the NEGFRY model by more than 50% compared with Routine applications. Therefore, NEGFRY is a promising strategy to achieve lower footprint potato yields through a reduction in applied pesticides and water, lower gas emissions and less soil compaction due to a reduction in the number of tractor passes over the soil. The commitment to this strategy contributes to improving the economy of farmers, the health of the biodiversity, the environment and consumers, as well as to comply with demands of global economies in terms of more sustainable and resilient agriculture.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>", "resilient agriculture", "integrated pest management", "Phytophthora infestans", "Agriculture (General)", "3103.04 Protecci\u00f3n de Los Cultivos", "<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>", "pesticides", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Solanum tuberosum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture14050652", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture14050652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture14050652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4024807", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-17", "title": "Unravelling the Role of Soil Microflora from Micro and Macro Aggregates in Plant Growth During Primary and Secondary Successions", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4024807"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SSRN%20Electronic%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4024807", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4024807", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4024807"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4210928", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-07", "title": "Field Evaluation of Selected Autochthonous Herbaceous Species for Cover Crops in Mediterranean Woody Crops", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Phenology", "Ground cover", "Aerial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Key plant traits", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Fine root", "15. Life on land", "Cover crop mixtures", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Soriano, Mar\u00eda-Auxiliadora, Cabezas, Jos\u00e9 Manuel, G\u00f3mez, Jos\u00e9 Alfonso,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4210928"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SSRN%20Electronic%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4210928", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4210928", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4210928"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Is the organic carbon-to-clay ratio a reliable indicator of soil health?", "description": "Climate action plans under the Paris Climate Agreement and other national commitments aimed at improving soil-based ecosystem services require the operational monitoring of soil carbon (C). The European Union is aiming to enhance soil health, and as part of the proposed Soil Monitoring Law, the European Commission recommends the monitoring of the soil C loss indicator among other soil health indicators. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the proposed soil C loss indicator by assessing its performance using the EU-wide 2009 LUCAS soil survey data. The proposed indicator is the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, with a threshold value of 1:13. The results are also compared with the C stock changes reported by countries to the climate convention (UNFCCC). Our results reveal that the variation in SOC and clay content at European scale exceeds that of the data used to develop the proposed indicator. We also found that the variation in the SOC content was influenced not only by clay content but also by climate and land-use reflecting C input levels. Therefore, the defined threshold is inadequate for detecting degraded soils if the SOC and clay content are beyond the conditions used to establish the criteria. Furthermore, major discrepancies were observed between the soil carbon stock changes reported by the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the proportions of degraded soils identified by using the soil C loss indicator. We conclude that employing a single indicator such as SOC:Clay ratio with one threshold value for all soils across various land covers, management practices, and climatic conditions, as defined by the European Commission for the Soil Monitoring Law, is inappropriate for monitoring soil C loss.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "550", "Forest soil", " agricultural soil", "Science", "Q", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Soil monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SOC:Clay ratio", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "soil monitoring", "LUCAS soil survey", "11. Sustainability", "soc:clay ratio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European mineral soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4681574"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4681574"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21548/26-2-2129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-24", "description": "This trial was conducted over a period of ten years on a sandy soil in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramsey vineyard in Lutzville (31\u00b035\u2019S, 18\u00b052\u2019E), situated in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley of the Western Cape. Twenty-three treatments were applied. Eight cover crop species that received the same amount of fertilizer were controlled chemically at the end of August or at the end of November. Two treatments were also applied in which Avena sativa L. v. Saia (\u2018Saia\u2019 oats) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (grazing vetch) were controlled mechanically during bud break.\u00a0 In addition to these eighteen treatments, two fertiliser application rates were applied to \u2018Saia\u2019 oats and grazing vetch. A mechanically cultivated control in which no cover crop was sown was included in the trial. Secale cereale L v. Henog and Ornithopus sativus L. v. Emena produced, on average, the highest amount of dry matter at the end of August (3.29 t/ha and 3.06 t/ha, respectively) after receiving on average 278 mm of water, of which 172 mm was supplied by means of a micro-sprinkler irrigation system. The average dry matter produced by Medicago truncatula Gaertn. v. Paraggio and \u2018Saia\u2019 oats at the end of August was not significantly lower than that of the firstmentioned two species. Under conditions of this experiment, it seemed that P and K at a concentration of 10 mg/kg and 78 mg/kg, respectively, in the top 300 mm soil layer supplied the needs of grazing vetch. Saia oats performed poorly unless 30 kg P, 30 kg K and 42 kg N were applied during establishment and the early growing phase. All the species, except M. truncatula Gaertn v. Parabinga, produced additional fibre from September to the end of November following a dry winter (rain and irrigation totaling 201 mm), while none produced additional fibre if the water supply was luxurious up to the end of August (rain and irrigation totaling 364 mm). The cover crops did not produce enough seeds to re-establish successfully over a period of five years. It will, however, be possible to reduce the seeding density of grazing vetch (40% after two seasons) and the two M. truncatula varieties (20% after five seasons) if the species were left to ripen their seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cover crops", "Vineyards -- South Africa -- Management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fourie, J. C., Louw, P. J. E., Agenbag, G. A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21548/26-2-2129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/South%20African%20Journal%20of%20Enology%20%26amp%3B%20Viticulture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21548/26-2-2129", "name": "item", "description": "10.21548/26-2-2129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21548/26-2-2129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-08", "description": "Open AccessEn este estudio se evalu\u00f3 la biomasa a\u00e9rea en seis diferentes sistemas agroforestales de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) asociado con especies forestales maderables y frutales\u00a0; con el prop\u00f3sito de conocer el potencial de captura de carbono por cada sistema. El estudio se realiz\u00f3 en dos diferentes sitios ubicados en la regi\u00f3n San Mart\u00edn (Provinces de San Mart\u00edn et Mariscal C\u00e1ceres). Los sistemas agroforestales estimados presentaron edades de 5, 12 y 20 a\u00f1os. En cada sistema se establecieron aleatoriamente cinco cuadrantes de 100 m2 cada uno, evalu\u00e1ndose la biomasa vegetal total existente. Para evaluar la ecuaci\u00f3n alom\u00e9trica del cacao se muestrearon 7 plantas cuyas edades variaron de 01 hasta 22 a\u00f1os. Loas resultados en captura de carbono en cada sistema agroforestal var\u00edan desde 26,2 t C ha-1para el sistema de Pachiza de 5 a\u00f1os hasta 45,07 t C ha-1del sistema agroforestal de Pachiza de 12 a\u00f1os\u00a0; As\u00ed mismo, la captura de carbono en biomasa arb\u00f3rea de los \u00e1rboles vivos, oscil\u00f3 desde 12,09 t ha-1 hasta 35,5 t ha-1, seguido por la biomasa de hojarasca que presentaron valores desde 4 t ha-1 hasta 9,97 t ha-1\u00a0; mientras la biomasa de \u00e1rboles muertos en pie y ca\u00eddos muertos presentaron valores muy variables y bajos. Los sistemas agroforestales de 12 y 20 a\u00f1os representan el 66,7% de los sistemas que presentan reservas de carbono por encima de los 40 t C ha-1\u00a0; mientras que los sistemas de 5 a\u00f1os se encuentran con reservas de carbono por debajo de los 30 t C ha-1. Los sistemas agroforestales de 5 a\u00f1os ubicados en Juanjui y Pachiza presentaron el mayor flujo de carbono anual, generando el mayor beneficio econ\u00f3mico con cr\u00e9ditos por CO2 equivalente.", "keywords": ["cacao", "sistemas agroforestales", "Horticulture", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Humanities", "Cocoa Production", "Carbono", "cr\u00e9ditos de C", "Agroforestry systems", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "carbon credits", "FOS: Humanities", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Cacao Agroforestry Management and Conservation", "biomasa", "13. Climate action", "Theobroma", "CO\u00b2", "Art"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Concha, Juanita Y., Alegre, Julio C., Pocomucha, Vicente,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecolog%C3%ADa%20Aplicada", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343", "name": "item", "description": "10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2174/1874331501307010022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-13", "description": "It is expected that the agricultural intensification occurred in recent decades in the Argentine Rolling Pampa significantly alters the SOM reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to identify soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions to understand the functionality and stabilization of these reserves. Our objectives were to study the NT effect in two crop rotations, corn-double cropped wheat/soybean (MWS) and double cropped wheat/soybean (WS) on: 1) SOM and its particle size and biological fractions contents, 2) C and N stubble biomass and 3) some soil properties in order to explain the SOM differences found. The larger biomass residue remaining on the soil surface under NT promoted higher aggregate stability and lower soil temperature and pH. At 0-5 cm soil depth, NT exhibited higher C and N contents, for both uncomplexed and intimately associated to the mineral components fractions. However, the results indicated variations in the SOM protection according to the rotation: in MWS the high aggregate stability showed better physical protection, while in WS the greater cation exchange capacity and the lower value of N released by anaerobic incubation would indicate the presence of transformed SOM. At 5-20 cm soil depth, only in WS, C microbial biomass was higher with a low metabolic rate, indicating again the presence of highly decomposed SOM. The results obtained in WS under NT would indicate the possibility of achieving slower recycled of the SOM.", "keywords": ["Rotaci\u00f3n de Cultivos", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "soil organic matter fractions", "Plant Soil Relations", "Propiedades F\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas Suelo", "Residuos de Cosechas", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Crop Residues", "Conventional Tillage", "Materia Org\u00e1nica", "Labranza Convencional", "630", "Regi\u00f3n Pampa Ondulada", "no tillage;crop rotations;soil organic matter fractions", "Crop Rotation", "no tillage", "crop rotations", "Carbono", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Zero Tillage", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitr\u00f3geno", "Soil Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Relaciones Planta Selo", "Carbon", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Organic Matter", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Matter Fractions", "Biolog\u00eda del Suelo", "Fracciones de la Materia Org\u00e1nica", "Cero-labranza"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Irizar, A, Andriulo, Adrian Enrique, Mary, Bruno, B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02642900/file/2013_Irizar_Open%20Agriculture%20Journal_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501307010022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Open%20Agriculture%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2174/1874331501307010022", "name": "item", "description": "10.2174/1874331501307010022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2174/1874331501307010022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-16", "title": "New Insights from Soil Microorganisms for Sustainable Double Rice-Cropping System with 37-Year Manure Fertilization", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Long-term intensive use of mineral fertilizers in double rice-cropping systems has led to soil acidification and soil degradation. Manure fertilization was suggested as an alternative strategy to mitigate soil degradation. However, the effects of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on rice grain yield, yield stability, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil total nitrogen (TN) content, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on a long-term experiment established in 1981 in southern China, we compared four treatments: no fertilizer application (Control); application of nitrogen\u2013phosphorus\u2013potassium (NPK); NPK plus green manure in early rice (M1); and M1 plus farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw return in winter (M2). Our results showed that 37 years of NPK, M1, and M2 significantly increased rice grain yield by 54%, 46%, and 72%, and yield stability by 22%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. M1 and M2 significantly increased SOC content by 39% and 23% compared to Control, respectively, whereas there was no difference between Control and NPK. Regarding soil TN content, it was significantly increased by 8%, 46%, and 20% by NPK, M1, and M2, respectively. In addition, M2 significantly increased bacterial OTU richness by 68%, Chao1 index by 79%, and altered the bacterial community composition. Changes in soil nutrient availability and bacterial Simpson index were positively correlated with the changes in grain yield, while shifts in bacterial community were closely related to yield stability. This study provides pioneer comprehensive assessments of the simultaneous responses of grain yield, yield stability, SOC and TN content, nutrient availability, and bacterial community composition to long-term mineral and manure fertilization in a double rice-cropping system. Altogether, this study spanning nearly four decades provides new perspectives for developing sustainable yet intensive rice cultivation to meet growing global demands.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "soil nutrient", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "double rice-cropping systems", "bacterial community", "630", "6. Clean water", "sustainable agriculture", "reddish paddy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic amendment; double rice-cropping systems; bacterial community; reddish paddy soil; soil nutrient; sustainable agriculture", "organic amendment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/261/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010261"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy13010261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Groundcover Mulching in Mediterranean Vineyards Improves Soil Chemical, Physical and Biological Health Already in the Short Term", "description": "<p>Vineyards are among the land uses with the highest soil degradation rate in Mediterranean Europe, mainly due to intensive tillage management. Therefore, practices able to foster soil health are critical to promote sustainable wine production. We studied the following treatments in two organic farms in Chianti Classico (Italy): conventional tillage, spontaneous vegetation, pigeon bean (Vicia faba var. minor) incorporated in spring and a mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and squarrosum clover (Trifolium squarrosum), both incorporated and left as mulch. An innovative approach, based on gamma-ray and apparent electrical conductivity, was used to account for the fine-scale soil variability that was included in the statistical model. Mulched groundcovers were associated with higher soil organic matter compared to tillage, already after two years. An increased N availability was found under all groundcovers compared with tillage. The effect of soil management practices on P2O5 strongly varied across farms and years, while it was not statistically significant on K availability. Spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the soil structure index, soil penetration resistance and soil biological health. The results show that mulched groundcovers can improve soil health already in the short term, thereby potentially increasing the sustainability of the wine sector.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "cover crop; tillage; green manure; organic farming; sustainable agriculture; vite; agricoltura sostenibile; inerbimento; sovescio; colture di copertura; gestione del suolo; lavorazione del terreno; inerbimento permanente; inerbimento spontaneo", "green manure", "S", "cover crop; tillage; green manure; organic farming; sustainable agriculture", "Agriculture", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "sustainable agriculture", "organic farming", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/787/pdf"}, {"href": "https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/1168505/1/Raffa%20et%20al._2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/541888/1/Warren%20Raffa%20et%20al%20%282021%29_Agronomy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/787/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040787"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040787"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs14030714", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-07", "title": "Evaluation of Agricultural Bare Soil Properties Retrieval from Landsat 8, Sentinel-2 and PRISMA Satellite Data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The PRISMA satellite is equipped with an advanced hyperspectral Earth observation technology capable of improving the accuracy of quantitative estimation of bio-geophysical variables in various Earth Science Applications and in particular for soil science. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of the PRISMA hyperspectral imager to estimate topsoil properties (i.e., organic carbon, clay, sand, silt), in comparison with current satellite multispectral sensors. To investigate this expectation, a test was carried out using topsoil data collected in Italy following two approaches. Firstly, PRISMA, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 spectral simulated datasets were obtained from the spectral resampling of a laboratory soil library. Subsequently, bare soil reflectance data were obtained from two experimental areas in Italy, using real satellites images, at dates close to each other. The estimation models of soil properties were calibrated employing both Partial Least Square Regression and Cubist Regression algorithms. The results of the study revealed that the best accuracies in retrieving topsoil properties were obtained by PRISMA data, using both laboratory and real datasets. Indeed, the resampled spectra of the hyperspectral imager provided the best Ratio of Performance to Inter-Quartile distance (RPIQ) for clay (4.87), sand (3.80), and organic carbon (2.59) estimation, for the spectral soil library datasets. For the bare soil reflectance obtained from real satellite imagery, a higher level of prediction accuracy was obtained from PRISMA data, with RPIQ \u00b1 SE values of 2.32 \u00b1 0.07 for clay, 3.85 \u00b1 0.19 for silt, and 3.51 \u00b1 0.16 for soil organic carbon. The results for the PRISMA hyperspectral satellite imagery with the Cubist Regression provided the best performance in the prediction of silt, sand, clay and SOC. The same variables were better estimated using PLSR models in the case of the resampled hyperspectral data. The statistical accuracy in the retrieval of SOC from real and resampled PRISMA data revealed the potential of the actual hyperspectral satellite. The results supported the expected good ability of the PRISMA imager to estimate topsoil properties.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Landsat 8", "Sentinel\u20102", "Multispectral", "multispectral", "Science", "hyperspectral; multispectral; PRISMA; soil properties; bare soil; SOC; soil texture; Sentinel-2; Landsat 8; PLSR; Cubist", "Q", "Bare soil", "Cubist", "PRISMA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "hyperspectral", "Hyperspectral", "PLSR", "bare soil", "soil properties", "Soil texture", "Bare soil; Cubist; Hyperspectral; Landsat 8; Multispectral; PLSR; PRISMA; Sentinel\u20102; SOC; Soil properties; Soil texture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOC", "Soil properties", "Sentinel-2"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/714/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/413305/1/prod_473291-doc_192827_compressed.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/948571/1/Evaluation%20of%20Agricultural%20Bare%20Soil%20Properties%20Retrieval%20from%20Landsat%208%2c%20Sentinel-2%20and%20PRISMA%20Satellite%20Data%20Enhanced%20Reader.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/714/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030714"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs14030714", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs14030714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs14030714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6900&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6900&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6850", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forestry&offset=6950", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8391, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T07:02:51.510060Z"}