Many soil bacteria and fungi remain unclassified at the highest taxonomic ranks (e.g. phyla level), which hampers our ability to assess the ecology and functional capabilities of these soil organisms in terrestrial ecosystems globally. The first logical step toward the classification of these unknown soil taxa is to identify potential locations on Earth where these unclassified bacteria and fungi are feasibly most prevalent. To do this, here I used data from a global soil survey across 235 locations, including amplicon sequencing information for fungal and bacterial communities, and generated global atlases highlighting those soils where the percentages of taxa of bacteria and fungi with an unknown phyla are expected to be more prevalent. Results indicate that soil samples with the largest percentage of fungal taxa with an unknown phyla can be found in dry forests and grasslands, while those with the largest percentage of bacterial taxa with an unknown phyla are found in boreal and tropical forests. This information can be used by taxonomists and microbiologists to target these potentially new soil taxa.The relationship between biodiversity and biomass has been a long standing debate in ecology. Soil biodiversity and biomass are essential drivers of ecosystem functions. However, unlike plant communities, little is known about how the diversity and biomass of soil microbial communities are interlinked across globally distributed biomes, and how variations in this relationship influence ecosystem function. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a field survey across global biomes, with contrasting vegetation and climate types. We show that soil carbon (C) content is associated to the microbial diversity\uffe2\uff80\uff93biomass relationship and ratio in soils across global biomes. This ratio provides an integrative index to identify those locations on Earth wherein diversity is much higher compared with biomass and vice versa. The soil microbial diversity-to-biomass ratio peaks in arid environments with low C content, and is very low in C-rich cold environments. Our study further advances that the reductions in soil C content associated with land use intensification and climate change could cause dramatic shifts in the microbial diversity-biomass ratio, with potential consequences for broad soil processes.Boreal forests are ecosystems with low nitrogen (N) availability that store globally significant amounts of carbon (C), mainly in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Although crucial for future climate change predictions, the mechanisms controlling boreal C and N pools are not well understood. Here, using a three-year field experiment, we compare SOM decomposition and stabilization in the presence of roots, with exclusion of roots but presence of fungal hyphae and with exclusion of both roots and fungal hyphae. Roots accelerate SOM decomposition compared to the root exclusion treatments, but also promote a different soil N economy with higher concentrations of organic soil N compared to inorganic soil N accompanied with the build-up of stable SOM-N. In contrast, root exclusion leads to an inorganic soil N economy (i.e., high level of inorganic N) with reduced stable SOM-N build-up. Based on our findings, we provide a framework on how plant roots affect SOM decomposition and stabilization.
", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "Nitrogen", "Science", "ta1171", "Hyphae", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "POLYPHENOLS", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "soil organic matter", "Taiga", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SUGAR MAPLE", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "forest ecology", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "TANNINS", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "MYCORRHIZA", "Q", "ta1182", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "NITROGEN", "Boreal forests", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMMUNITIES", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11993-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-023-42597-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-26", "title": "Wildfire precursors show complementary predictability in different timescales", "description": "AbstractIn most of the world, conditions conducive to wildfires are becoming more prevalent. Net carbon emissions from wildfires contribute to a positive climate feedback that needs to be monitored, quantified, and predicted. Here we use a causal inference approach to evaluate the influence of top-down weather and bottom-up fuel precursors on wildfires. The top-down dominance on wildfires is more widespread than bottom-up dominance, accounting for 73.3% and 26.7% of regions, respectively. The top-down precursors dominate in the tropical rainforests, mid-latitudes, and eastern Siberian boreal forests. The bottom-up precursors dominate in North American and European boreal forests, and African and Australian savannahs. Our study identifies areas where wildfires are governed by fuel conditions and hence where fuel management practices may be more effective. Moreover, our study also highlights that top-down and bottom-up precursors show complementary wildfire predictability across timescales. Seasonal or interannual predictions are feasible in regions where bottom-up precursors dominate.Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica concentrations, foliar production and herbivory, and stand-level nutrient fluxes. We show more nutrient release by insect herbivores at non-outbreak levels in tropical forests than temperate and boreal forests, that these fluxes increase strongly with mean annual temperature, and that they exceed atmospheric deposition inputs in some localities. Thus, background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to both alter ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling. Further, climate can affect interactions between natural populations of plants and herbivores with important consequences for global biogeochemical cycles across broadleaved forests. Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO 2 -, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 \uffc2\uffb1 0.019 to 0.375 \uffc2\uffb1 0.074 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 foliar d.w. h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 \uffc2\uffb1 0.031 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions. Land-based mitigation measures are needed to achieve climate targets. One option is the mitigation of currently high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of nutrient-rich drained peatland forest soils. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) has been proposed as a measure to manage this GHG emission source; however, its emission reduction potential and impact on timber production at regional and national scales have not been quantified. To quantify the potential emission reduction, we simulated four management scenarios for Finnish forests: (i) The replacement of clear-cutting by selection harvesting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands (CCF) and (ii) the current forest management regime (BAU), and both at two harvest levels, namely (i) the mean annual harvesting (2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) and (ii) the maximum sustainable yield. The simulations were conducted at the stand scale with a forest simulator (MELA) coupled with a hydrological model (SpaFHy), soil C model (Yasso07) and empirical GHG exchange models. Simulations showed that the management scenario that avoided clear-cutting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands (i.e. CCF) produced approximately 1 Tg CO2 eq. higher carbon sinks annually compared with BAU at equal harvest level for Finland. This emission reduction can be attributed to the maintenance of a higher biomass sink and to the mitigation of soil emissions from nutrient-rich drained peatland sites.Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.Quantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the 15N:14N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in 15N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8\uffc2\uffb0C, soil \uffce\uffb415N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil \uffce\uffb415N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss.
", "keywords": ["N-15 Natural-Abundance", "550", "Ecosystem ecology", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "Organic chemistry", "Suelo", "Nitrogen cycle", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "cycle de l'azote", "CARBON", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Isotopes", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Soil water", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE", "Climate change", "croisement de donn\u00e9es", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "SDG 15 \u2013 Leben an Land", "Global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Climatic Factors", "Tropical Forests", "Ecology", "Geography", "Nitr\u00f3geno", "Nutrient Cycling", "FRACTIONATION", "Litter Decomposition", "ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY", "Life Sciences", "ecosystem ecology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Is\u00f3topos", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Organic-Matter", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Chemistry", "PRECIPITATION", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Physical Sciences", "106022 Microbiology", "carbone du sol", "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation", "Ecosystem Functioning", "570", "STABLE ISOTOPE", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Stable isotope analysis", "Nitrogen", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil Science", "stable isotope analysis;ecosystem ecology", "Article", "Environmental science", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "sol min\u00e9ral", "INORGANIC NITROGEN", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "stable isotope analysis", "Carbono", "Environmental Chemistry", "Factores Clim\u00e1ticos", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "climat", "AVAILABILITY", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Inorganic", "NITROGEN", "MODEL", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "PATTERNS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://scholars.unh.edu/context/faculty_pubs/article/1042/viewcontent/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://edoc.unibas.ch/37215/1/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep08280", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep08280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep15991", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Forest soil carbon is threatened by intensive biomass harvesting", "description": "AbstractForests play a key role in the carbon cycle as they store huge quantities of organic carbon, most of which is stored in soils, with a smaller part being held in vegetation. While the carbon storage capacity of forests is influenced by forestry, the long-term impacts of forest managers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 decisions on soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear. Using a meta-analysis approach, we showed that conventional biomass harvests preserved the SOC of forests, unlike intensive harvests where logging residues were harvested to produce fuelwood. Conventional harvests caused a decrease in carbon storage in the forest floor, but when the whole soil profile was taken into account, we found that this loss in the forest floor was compensated by an accumulation of SOC in deeper soil layers. Conversely, we found that intensive harvests led to SOC losses in all layers of forest soils. We assessed the potential impact of intensive harvests on the carbon budget, focusing on managed European forests. Estimated carbon losses from forest soils suggested that intensive biomass harvests could constitute an important source of carbon transfer from forests to the atmosphere (142\uffe2\uff80\uff93497 Tg-C), partly neutralizing the role of a carbon sink played by forest soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "carbone organique du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "sol forestier", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-01594440/file/2015_Achat_Scientific%20Reports_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15991"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep15991", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep15991", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep15991"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep19536", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-14", "title": "Soil Microbial Responses To Forest Floor Litter Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition In A Mixed-Wood Forest Of Northern China", "description": "AbstractChanges in litterfall dynamics and soil properties due to anthropogenic or natural perturbations have important implications to soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling via microbial pathway. Here we determine soil microbial responses to contrasting types of litter inputs (leaf vs. fine woody litter) and nitrogen (N) deposition by conducting a multi-year litter manipulation and N addition experiment in a mixed-wood forest. We found significantly higher soil organic C, total N, microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), microbial activity (MR) and activities of four soil extracellular enzymes, including \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase (BG), N-acetyl-\uffce\uffb2-glucosaminidase (NAG), phenol oxidase (PO) and peroxidase (PER), as well as greater total bacteria biomass and relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria (G-) community, in top soils of plots with presence of leaf litter than of those without litter or with presence of only fine woody litter. No apparent additive or interactive effects of N addition were observed in this study. The occurrence of more labile leaf litter stimulated G-, which may facilitate microbial community growth and soil C stabilization as inferred by findings in literature. A continued treatment with contrasting types of litter inputs is likely to result in divergence in soil microbial community structure and function.
", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "China", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Microbial population biology", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Forests", "Nitrogen cycle", "Article", "Plant litter", "Nutrient cycle", "Environmental science", "Microbial Ecology", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Soil biology", "Litter", "Soil water", "Genetics", "Environmental Chemistry", "Biomass", "Forest floor", "Biology", "Soil Microbiology", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Marine Microbial Diversity and Biogeography", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "Soil carbon", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Chemistry", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19536"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep19536", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep19536", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep19536"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-09", "title": "Earthworm Effects On The Incorporation Of Litter C And N Into Soil Organic Matter In A Sugar Maple Forest", "description": "To examine the mechanisms of earthworm effects on forest soil C and N, we double\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled leaf litter with13C and15N, applied it to sugar maple forest plots with and without earthworms, and traced isotopes into soil pools. The experimental design included forest plots with different earthworm community composition (dominated byLumbricus terrestrisorL. rubellus). Soil carbon pools were 37% lower in earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded plots largely because of the elimination of the forest floor horizons, and mineral soil C:N was lower in earthworm plots despite the mixing of high C:N organic matter into soil by earthworms. Litter disappearance over the first winter\uffe2\uff80\uff93spring was highest in theL. terrestris(T) plots, but during the warm season, rapid loss of litter was observed in bothL. rubellus(R) and T plots. After two years, 22.0% \uffc2\uffb1 5.4% of13C released from litter was recovered in soil with no significant differences among plots. Total recovery of added13C (decaying litter plus soil) was much higher in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90worm (NW) plots (61\uffe2\uff80\uff9368%) than in R and T plots (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9329%) as much of the litter remained in the former whereas it had disappeared in the latter. Much higher percentage recovery of15N than13C was observed, with significantly lower values for T than R and NW plots. Higher overwinter earthworm activity in T plots contributed to lower soil N recovery. In earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded plots isotope enrichment was highest in macroaggregates and microaggregates whereas in NW plots silt plus clay fractions were most enriched. The net effect of litter mixing and priming of recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM), stabilization of SOM in soil aggregates, and alteration of the soil microbial community by earthworm activity results in loss of SOM and lowering of the C:N ratio. We suggest that earthworm stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in regulating C and N dynamics of forest SOM.
", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "TEMPERATE HARDWOOD FOREST", "New York", "Acer", "C:N ratio", "Trees", "OLD-GROWTH FOREST", "Soil", "litter", "EXOTIC EARTHWORMS", "Animals", "NORTHEASTERN FORESTS", "Oligochaeta", "CARBON DYNAMICS", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "NITROGEN DEPOSITION", "Ecology", "Lumbricus", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "Carbon", "stoichiometry", "aggregate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS", "Environmental Sciences", "CENTRAL NEW-YORK", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1760.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/12-1760.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Chemistry And Decomposition Of Litter From Populus Tremuloides Michaux Grown At Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Varying N Availability", "description": "SummaryIt has been hypothesized that greater production of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in foliage grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in higher concentrations of defensive compounds in tree leaf litter, possibly leading to reduced rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems of the future. To evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on litter chemistry and decomposition, we performed a 111 day laboratory incubation with leaf litter of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichaux) produced at 36\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa and 56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa CO2and two levels of soil nitrogen (N) availability. Decomposition was quantified as microbially respired CO2and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution, and concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, N, carbon (C), and condensed tannins were monitored throughout the incubation. Growth under elevated atmospheric CO2did not significantly affect initial litter concentrations of TNC, N, or condensed tannins. Rates of decomposition, measured as both microbially respired CO2and DOC did not differ between litter produced under ambient and elevated CO2. Total C lost from the samples was 38\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as respired CO2and 138\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as DOC, suggesting short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pulses of dissolved C in soil solution are important components of the terrestrial C cycle. We conclude that litter chemistry and decomposition in trembling aspen are minimally affected by growth under higher concentrations of CO2.
", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "carbohydrates", "Quaking aspen", "forest-soil", "litter-plant", "nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "Microlysimeter", "soil-chemistry", "cycling-", "populus-tremuloides", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Soil Carbon", "Microbiology of soils", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "chemical-composition", "Organic-matter", "soil-solution", "nutrient-availability", "Tannin", "leaf-litter", "Science", "decomposition-", "Nutrient enrichment", "Carbohydrates", "carbohydrates-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "Nitrogen in soil", "michigan-", "carbon sinks", "C", "Nutrient budget of forests", "Litter", "Populus tremuloides", "Global Change", "tannins-", "Decomposition", "forest-litter", "Foliage", "Carbon dioxide effects on forest litter", "Climatic changes", "15. Life on land", "carbon-nitrogen-ratio", "Forest litter decomposition", "N Ratio", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial-activities", "nitrogen-content"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12666", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-21", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Nitrogen Deposition On Fatty Acid Molecular And Isotope Composition Of Above- And Belowground Tree Biomass And Forest Soil Fractions", "description": "AbstractAtmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and reactive nitrogen (N) concentrations have been increasing due to human activities and impact the global carbon (C) cycle by affecting plant photosynthesis and decomposition processes in soil. Large amounts of C are stored in plants and soils, but the mechanisms behind the stabilization of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived organic matter (OM) in soils are still under debate and it is not clear how N deposition affects soil OM dynamics. Here, we studied the effects of 4\uffc2\uffa0years of elevated (13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted) CO2 and N deposition in forest ecosystems established in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers on composition and turnover of fatty acids (FAs) in plants and soils. FAs served as biomarkers for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived OM in soil density fractions. We analyzed above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant biomass of beech and spruce trees as well as soil density fractions for the total organic C and FA molecular and isotope (\uffce\uffb413C) composition. FAs did not accumulate relative to total organic C in fine mineral fractions, showing that FAs are not effectively stabilized by association with soil minerals. The \uffce\uffb413C values of FAs in plant biomass increased under high N deposition. However, the N effect was only apparent under elevated CO2 suggesting a N limitation of the system. In soil fractions, only isotope compositions of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain FAs (C16+18) were affected. Fractions of \uffe2\uff80\uff98new\uffe2\uff80\uff99 (experimental\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived) FAs were calculated using isotope depletion in elevated CO2 plots and decreased from free light to fine mineral fractions. \uffe2\uff80\uff98New\uffe2\uff80\uff99 FAs were higher in short\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain compared to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain FAs (C20\uffe2\uff88\uff9230), indicating a faster turnover of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain compared to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain FAs. Increased N deposition did not significantly affect the quantity of \uffe2\uff80\uff98new\uffe2\uff80\uff99 FAs in soil fractions, but showed a tendency of increased amounts of \uffe2\uff80\uff98old\uffe2\uff80\uff99 (pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90experimental) C suggesting that decomposition of \uffe2\uff80\uff98old\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C is retarded by high N inputs.
", "keywords": ["UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity", "2306 Global and Planetary Change", "Chemical Fractionation", "Forests", "2300 General Environmental Science", "Soil", "Fagus", "Environmental Chemistry", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "Picea", "General Environmental Science", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Analysis of Variance", "Carbon Isotopes", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "Fatty Acids", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Reactive Nitrogen Species", "13. Climate action", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "570 Life sciences; biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12666"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12666", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12666", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12666"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2120426119", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-25", "title": "Financing conservation by valuing carbon services produced by wild animals", "description": "SignificanceThe involvement of financial markets is critical to deliver effective and long-lasting solutions to mitigate climate change and reverse biodiversity loss. However, financial markets have not invested in ecosystem services because these are often valued based on non-market prices, which deter investments. Based on existing carbon market prices, we value the carbon services produced by forest elephants and show that wild animals\uffe2\uff80\uff99 carbon services are valuable enough to attract investors. This framework would facilitate financing of conservation programs and local communities and broaden the portfolio of nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change. Stimulation of terrestrial plant production by rising CO 2 concentration is projected to reduce the airborne fraction of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93carbon cycle models are sensitive to this negative feedback on atmospheric CO 2 , but model projections are uncertain because of the expectation that feedbacks through the nitrogen (N) cycle will reduce this so-called CO 2 fertilization effect. We assessed whether N limitation caused a reduced stimulation of net primary productivity (NPP) by elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration over 11 y in a free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in a deciduous Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) forest stand in Tennessee. During the first 6 y of the experiment, NPP was significantly enhanced in forest plots exposed to 550 ppm CO 2 compared with NPP in plots in current ambient CO 2 , and this was a consistent and sustained response. However, the enhancement of NPP under elevated CO 2 declined from 24% in 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932003 to 9% in 2008. Global analyses that assume a sustained CO 2 fertilization effect are no longer supported by this FACE experiment. N budget analysis supports the premise that N availability was limiting to tree growth and declining over time \uffe2\uff80\uff94an expected consequence of stand development, which was exacerbated by elevated CO 2 . Leaf- and stand-level observations provide mechanistic evidence that declining N availability constrained the tree response to elevated CO 2 ; these observations are consistent with stand-level model projections. This FACE experiment provides strong rationale and process understanding for incorporating N limitation and N feedback effects in ecosystem and global models used in climate change assessments.
", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Tennessee", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "climatic changes", "Trees", "forests and forestry", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006463107"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1006463107", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1006463107", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1006463107"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1905912116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-06", "title": "Disentangling the role of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance on rising forest water-use efficiency", "description": "Multiple lines of evidence suggest that plant water-use efficiency (WUE)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the ratio of carbon assimilation to water loss\uffe2\uff80\uff94has increased in recent decades. Although rising atmospheric CO 2 has been proposed as the principal cause, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still being debated, and implications for the global water cycle remain uncertain. Here, we addressed this gap using 30-y tree ring records of carbon and oxygen isotope measurements and basal area increment from 12 species in 8 North American mature temperate forests. Our goal was to separate the contributions of enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance to WUE trends and to assess consistency between multiple commonly used methods for estimating WUE. Our results show that tree ring-derived estimates of increases in WUE are consistent with estimates from atmospheric measurements and predictions based on an optimal balancing of carbon gains and water costs, but are lower than those based on ecosystem-scale flux observations. Although both physiological mechanisms contributed to rising WUE, enhanced photosynthesis was widespread, while reductions in stomatal conductance were modest and restricted to species that experienced moisture limitations. This finding challenges the hypothesis that rising WUE in forests is primarily the result of widespread, CO 2 -induced reductions in stomatal conductance. Megaherbivores have pervasive ecological effects. In African rainforests, elephants can increase aboveground carbon, though the mechanisms are unclear. Here we combine a large unpublished dataset of forest elephant feeding with published browsing preferences totaling > 120,000 records covering 700 plant species, including nutritional data for 102 species. Elephants increase carbon stocks by: 1) promoting high wood density tree species via preferential browsing on leaves from low wood density species, which are more digestible; 2) dispersing seeds of trees that are relatively large and have the highest average wood density among tree guilds based on dispersal mode. Loss of forest elephants could cause a 5-12% decline in carbon stocks due to regeneration failure of elephant-dispersed trees and an increase in abundance of low wood density trees. These results show the major importance of megaherbivores in maintaining diverse, high-carbon tropical forests. Successful elephant conservation will contribute to climate mitigation at a scale of global relevance.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "plant animal interactions", "Elephants", "MESH: Carbon", "carbon cycling", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "megafauna", "MESH: Biomass", "Animals", "MESH: Animals", "Biomass", "nature-based solutions", "Tropical Climate", "biogeochemical cycles", "MESH: Forests", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "MESH: Trees", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "MESH: Elephants", "MESH: Tropical Climate", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2201832120"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2201832120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.2201832120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.2201832120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.2201832120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2308516120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-21", "title": "Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy", "description": "Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO 2 -, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 \uffc2\uffb1 0.019 to 0.375 \uffc2\uffb1 0.074 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 foliar d.w. h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 \uffc2\uffb1 0.031 nmol CH 4 g \uffe2\uff88\uff921 h \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions. Summer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term SOC storage.
In a drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale irrigation experiment for 17\uffc2\uffa0years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh\uffe2\uff80\uff90size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition.
The 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.0\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss ofQuercus pubescensandViburnum lantanaleaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold increase in the abundance of meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs.
Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.p < 0.01) and water infiltration capacity (p < 0.05) affecting soil nitrogen content (p < 0.001) and microbial biomass (p < 0.5), respectively. Infiltration capacity and porosity were primary drivers of plant biomass (p < 0.05, both cases), and plant biomass was the main contributor to the soil nitrogen pool. Microbial biomass was dependent on infiltration capacity (p < 0.05), porosity (p < 0.01), and nitrogen (p < 0.01). Grazing directly or indirectly affected the functioning of the ecosystem through effects on plant and soil attributes, which may result in changes in plant growth, litter decomposition, or plant nutrient acquisition. This study revealed that moderate grazing can maintain optimal ecosystem features and prevent ecosystem degradation.", "keywords": ["plant-soil feedbacks", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant biomass", "porosity", "microbial biomass", "Plant-soil feedbacks", "soil fertility", "Microbial biomass", "Infiltration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Protect", " restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems", " sustainably manage forests", " combat\u00a0desertification", " and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss", "rangelands", "13. Climate action", "Rangelands", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Porosity", "plant biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-05", "title": "Vegetation anomalies caused by antecedent precipitation in most of the world", "description": "Quantifying environmental controls on vegetation is critical to predict the net effect of climate change on global ecosystems and the subsequent feedback on climate. Following a non-linear Granger causality framework based on a random forest predictive model, we exploit the current wealth of multi-decadal satellite data records to uncover the main drivers of monthly vegetation variability at the global scale. Results indicate that water availability is the most dominant factor driving vegetation globally: about 61% of the vegetated surface was primarily water-limited during 1981\u20132010. This included semiarid climates but also transitional ecoregions. Intra-annually, temperature controls Northern Hemisphere deciduous forests during the growing season, while antecedent precipitation largely dominates vegetation dynamics during the senescence period. The uncovered dependency of global vegetation on water availability is substantially larger than previously reported. This is owed to the ability of the framework to (1) disentangle the co-linearities between radiation/temperature and precipitation, and (2) quantify non-linear impacts of climate on vegetation. Our results reveal a prolonged effect of precipitation anomalies in dry regions: due to the long memory of soil moisture and the cumulative, non-linear, response of vegetation, water-limited regions show sensitivity to the values of precipitation occurring three months earlier. Meanwhile, the impacts of temperature and radiation anomalies are more immediate and dissipate shortly, pointing to a higher resilience of vegetation to these anomalies. Despite being infrequent by definition, hydro-climatic extremes are responsible for up to 10% of the vegetation variability during the 1981\u20132010 period in certain areas, particularly in water-limited ecosystems. Our approach is a first step towards a quantitative comparison of the resistance and resilience signature of different ecosystems, and can be used to benchmark Earth system models in their representations of past vegetation sensitivity to changes in climate.", "keywords": ["Science", "QC1-999", "water", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "stress", "water stress", "global vegetation", "AMAZON", "FORESTS", "CLIMATE EXTREMES", "hydro-climatic extremes", "ecosystem resilience", "DRY-SEASON", "GE1-350", "TEMPERATURE", "SATELLITE", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Physics", "Q", "Biology and Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "NDVI DATA", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "GROWING-SEASON", "Granger causality", "CARBON-CYCLE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7145"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-22", "title": "Coarse woody debris are buffering mortality-induced carbon losses to the atmosphere in tropical forests", "description": "International audience", "keywords": ["tropical forests", "0301 basic medicine", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "coarse woody debris", "Q", "15. Life on land", "mortality", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Environmental sciences", "carbon budget", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "TD1-1066"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiw024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-06", "title": "Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Respond To Experimental Elevation Of Soil Ph And P Availability In Temperate Hardwood Forests", "description": "Many forests are affected by chronic acid deposition, which can lower soil pH and limit the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus (P), but the response of mycorrhizal fungi to changes in soil pH and P availability and how this affects tree acquisition of nutrients is not well understood. Here, we describe an ecosystem-level manipulation in 72 plots, which increased pH and/or P availability across six forests in Ohio, USA. Two years after treatment initiation, mycorrhizal fungi on roots were examined with molecular techniques, including 454-pyrosequencing. Elevating pH significantly increased arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization and total fungal biomass, and affected community structure of AM and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi, suggesting that raising soil pH altered both mycorrhizal fungal communities and fungal growth. AM fungal taxa were generally negatively correlated with recalcitrant P pools and soil enzyme activity, whereas EcM fungal taxa displayed variable responses, suggesting that these groups respond differently to P availability. Additionally, the production of extracellular phosphatase enzymes in soil decreased under elevated pH, suggesting a shift in functional activity of soil microbes with pH alteration. Thus, our findings suggest that elevating pH increased soil P availability, which may partly underlie the mycorrhizal fungal responses we observed.", "keywords": ["Fungi", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Trees", "Soil", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiw024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiw024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiw024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpu116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-24", "title": "Dinitrogen Fixation By Legume Shade Trees And Direct Transfer Of Fixed N To Associated Cacao In A Tropical Agroforestry System", "description": "Natural abundance of (15)N (\u03b4\u2009(15)N) was determined in bulk soil, rhizospheric soil and vegetation in an organically managed cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation with Inga edulis Mart. legume trees (inga) as the principal shade for studying the nitrogen (N) cycle in the system. Cacao without contact with legumes in an adjacent plantation was used as the reference for N2 fixation and direct N transfer calculations. Bulk and rhizospheric soils contained 72 and 20%, respectively, of whole- system N. No vegetation effect on \u03b4\u2009(15)N in rhizospheric soil was detected, probably due to the high native soil N pool. Fine roots of the cacaos associated with inga contained \u223c35% of N fixed from the atmosphere (Nf) out of the total N. Leaves of all species had significantly higher \u03b4\u2009(15)N than fine roots. Twenty percent of system Nf was found in cacao suggesting direct N transfer from inga via a common mycelial network of mycorrhizal fungi or recycling of N-rich root exudates of inga. Inga had accumulated 98\u2005kg [Nf] ha(-1) during the 14-year history of the plantation. The conservative estimate of current N2 fixation rate was 41\u2005kg [Nf] ha(-1)\u2005year(-1) based on inga biomass only and 50\u2005kg [Nf] ha(-1)\u2005year(-1) based on inga and associated trees.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cacao", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Plant Exudates", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "Mycorrhizae", "Nitrogen Fixation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu116"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpu116", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpu116", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpu116"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-06", "title": "Root Mass, Net Primary Production And Turnover In Aspen, Jack Pine And Black Spruce Forests In Saskatchewan And Manitoba, Canada", "description": "Root biomass, net primary production and turnover were studied in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in two contrasting climates. The climate of the Southern Study Area (SSA) near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan is warmer and drier in the summer and milder in the winter than the Northern Study Area (NSA) near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. Ingrowth soil cores and minirhizotrons were used to quantify fine root net primary production (NPPFR). Average daily fine root growth (m m(-2) day(-1)) was positively correlated with soil temperature at 10-cm depth (r(2) = 0.83-0.93) for all three species, with black spruce showing the strongest temperature effect. At both study areas, fine root biomass (measured from soil cores) and fine root length (measured from minirhizotrons) were less for jack pine than for the other two species. Except for the aspen stands, estimates of NPPFR from minirhizotrons were significantly greater than estimates from ingrowth cores. The core method underestimated NPPFR because it does not account for simultaneous fine root growth and mortality. Minirhizotron NPPFR estimates ranged from 59 g m(-2) year(-1) for aspen stands at SSA to 235 g m(-2) year(-1) for black spruce at NSA. The ratio of NPPFR to total detritus production (aboveground litterfall + NPPFR) was greater for evergreen forests than for deciduous forests, suggesting that carbon allocation patterns differ between boreal evergreen and deciduous forests. In all stands, NPPFR consistently exceeded annual fine root turnover and the differences were larger for stands in the NSA than for stands in the SSA, whereas the difference between study areas was only significant for black spruce. The imbalance between NPPFR and fine root turnover is sufficient to explain the net accumulation of carbon in boreal forest soils.", "keywords": ["carbon balance", "0106 biological sciences", "detritus production", "550", "fine roots", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BOREAS", "01 natural sciences", "root turnover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forests", "soil carbon", "Forest Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Steele, Sarah J., Gower, Stith T., Vogel, Jason G., Norman, John M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpad070", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-20", "title": "Ecophysiological controls on water use of tropical cloud forest trees in response to experimental drought", "description": "Abstract
Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) are expected to experience more frequent and prolonged droughts over the coming century, yet understanding of TCMF tree responses to moisture stress remains weak compared with the lowland tropics. We simulated a severe drought in a throughfall reduction experiment (TFR) for 2 years in a Peruvian TCMF and evaluated the physiological responses of several dominant species (Clusia flaviflora Engl., Weinmannia bangii (Rusby) Engl., Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav. and Prunus integrifolia (C. Presl) Walp). Measurements were taken of (i) sap flow; (ii) diurnal cycles of stem shrinkage, stem moisture variation and water-use; and (iii) intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) estimated from foliar \uffce\uffb413C. In W. bangii, we used dendrometers and volumetric water content (VWC) sensors to quantify daily cycles of stem water storage. In 2 years of sap flow (Js) data, we found a threshold response of water use to vapor pressure deficit vapor pressure deficit (VPD)\uffc2\uffa0>\uffc2\uffa01.07\uffc2\uffa0kPa independent of treatment, though control trees used more soil water than the treatment trees. The daily decline in water use in the TFR trees was associated with a strong reduction in both morning and afternoon Js rates at a given VPD. Soil moisture also affected the hysteresis strength between Js and VPD. Reduced hysteresis under moisture stress implies that TMCFs are strongly dependent on shallow soil water. Additionally, we suggest that hysteresis can serve as a sensitive indicator of environmental constraints on plant function. Finally, 6 months into the experiment, the TFR treatment significantly increased iWUE in all study species. Our results highlight the conservative behavior of TMCF tree water use under severe soil drought and elucidate physiological thresholds related to VPD and its interaction with soil moisture. The observed strongly isohydric response likely incurs a cost to the carbon balance of the tree and reduces overall ecosystem carbon uptake.Plant diversity has a strong impact on a plethora of ecosystem functions and services, especially ecosystem carbon (C) storage. However, the potential context-dependency of biodiversity effects across ecosystem types, environmental conditions and carbon pools remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis by collecting data from 95 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies across 60 sites to explore the effects of plant diversity on different C pools, including aboveground and belowground plant biomass, soil microbial biomass C and soil C content across different ecosystem types. The results showed that ecosystem C storage was significantly enhanced by plant diversity, with stronger effects on aboveground biomass than on soil C content. Moreover, the response magnitudes of ecosystem C storage increased with the level of species richness and experimental duration across all ecosystems. The effects of plant diversity were more pronounced in grasslands than in forests. Furthermore, the effects of plant diversity on belowground plant biomass increased with aridity index in grasslands and forests, suggesting that climate change might modulate biodiversity effects, which are stronger under wetter conditions but weaker under more arid conditions. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the important role of plant diversity in ecosystem C storage across critical C pools, ecosystem types and environmental contexts.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Soil", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "Forests", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2020.2063"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rspb.2020.2063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rspb.2020.2063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rspb.2020.2063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Tropical land carbon cycle responses to 2015/16 El Ni\u00f1o as recorded by atmospheric greenhouse gas and remote sensing data", "description": "The outstanding tropical land climate characteristic over the past decades is rapid warming, with no significant large-scale precipitation trends. This warming is expected to continue but the effects on tropical vegetation are unknown. El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o-related heat peaks may provide a test bed for a future hotter world. Here we analyse tropical land carbon cycle responses to the 2015/16 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o heat and drought anomalies using an atmospheric transport inversion. Based on the global atmospheric CO 2 and fossil fuel emission records, we find no obvious signs of anomalously large carbon release compared with earlier El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o events, suggesting resilience of tropical vegetation. We find roughly equal net carbon release anomalies from Amazonia and tropical Africa, approximately 0.5 PgC each, and smaller carbon release anomalies from tropical East Asia and southern Africa. Atmospheric CO anomalies reveal substantial fire carbon release from tropical East Asia peaking in October 2015 while fires contribute only a minor amount to the Amazonian carbon flux anomaly. Anomalously large Amazonian carbon flux release is consistent with downregulation of primary productivity during peak negative near-surface water anomaly (October 2015 to March 2016) as diagnosed by solar-induced fluorescence. Finally, we find an unexpected anomalous positive flux to the atmosphere from tropical Africa early in 2016, coincident with substantial CO release.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics", "FLUX", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "550", "551", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Greenhouse Gases", "03 medical and health sciences", "[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL", "carbon cycle", "INVERSION", "Biology", "TEMPERATURE", "11 Medical and Health Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "tropical forests", "El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Science & Technology", "Atmosphere", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "EQUATORIAL PACIFIC", "Articles", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "13. Climate action", "PRECIPITATION", "Remote Sensing Technology", "INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "CO2", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "SENSITIVITY", "environment", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/135234/8/Tropical%20land%20carbon%20cycle%20responses%20to%202015/16%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20as%20recorded%20by%20atmospheric%20greenhouse%20gas%20and%20remote%20sensing%20data.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0408", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Widespread reduction in sun-induced fluorescence from the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o", "description": "The tropical carbon balance dominates year-to-year variations in the CO 2 exchange with the atmosphere through photosynthesis, respiration and fires. Because of its high correlation with gross primary productivity (GPP), observations of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) are of great interest. We developed a new remotely sensed SIF product with improved signal-to-noise in the tropics, and use it here to quantify the impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffc2\uffa0Amazon drought. We find that SIF was strongly suppressed over areas with anomalously high temperatures and decreased levels of water in the soil. SIF went below its climatological range starting from the end of the 2015 dry season (October) and returned to normal levels by February 2016 when atmospheric conditions returned to normal, but well before the end of anomalously low precipitation that persisted through June 2016. Impacts were not uniform across the Amazon basin, with the eastern part experiencing much larger (10\uffe2\uff80\uff9315%) SIF reductions than the western part of the basin (2\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). We estimate the integrated loss of GPP relative to eight previous years to be 0.34\uffe2\uff80\uff930.48 PgC in the three-month period October\uffe2\uff80\uff93November\uffe2\uff80\uff93December 2015.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "FLUXES", "El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation", "Amazon rainforest", "sun-induced fluorescence", "El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation", "drought response", "Forests", "SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION", "01 natural sciences", "Fluorescence", "Trees", "SCIAMACHY", "03 medical and health sciences", "GOME-2", "ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE", "SATELLITE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "Amazone rainforest", "Articles", "15. Life on land", "tropical terrestrial carbon cycle", "gross primary production", "TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "SIMULATIONS", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "BALANCE", "Remote Sensing Technology", "Sunlight", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0408", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0408", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2018.0084", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Changes in surface hydrology, soil moisture and gross primary production in the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o", "description": "The 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o event caused severe changes in precipitation across the tropics. This impacted surface hydrology, such as river run-off and soil moisture availability, thereby triggering reductions in gross primary production (GPP). Many biosphere models lack the detailed hydrological component required to accurately quantify anomalies in surface hydrology and GPP during droughts in tropical regions. Here, we take the novel approach of coupling the biosphere model SiBCASA with the advanced hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB to attempt such a quantification across the Amazon basin during the drought in 2015/2016. We calculate 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% reduced river discharge in the Amazon starting in October 2015, lagging behind the precipitation anomaly by approximately one month and in good agreement with river gauge observations. Soil moisture shows distinctly asymmetrical spatial anomalies with large reductions across the north-eastern part of the basin, which persisted into the following dry season. This added to drought stress in vegetation, already present owing to vapour pressure deficits at the leaf, resulting in a loss of GPP of 0.95 (0.69 to 1.20) PgC between October 2015 and March 2016 compared with the 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932014 average. Only 11% (10\uffe2\uff80\uff9312%) of the reduction in GPP was found in the (wetter) north-western part of the basin, whereas the north-eastern and southern regions were affected more strongly, with 56% (54\uffe2\uff80\uff9356%) and 33% (31\uffe2\uff80\uff9333%) of the total, respectively. Uncertainty on this anomaly mostly reflects the unknown rooting depths of vegetation.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "0207 environmental engineering", "Articles", "02 engineering and technology", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "tropical terrestrial carbon cycle", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle", "Droughts", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "El Ni\u00f1o", "Seasons", "soil moisture", "Hydrology", "gross primary productivity", "Amazon", "river discharge", "Brazil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2018.0084"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0084"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2018.0084", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2018.0084", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2018.0084"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2021.12.23.473993", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-23", "title": "Megaherbivores modify forest structure and increase carbon stocks through multiple pathways", "description": "AbstractMegaherbivores have pervasive ecological effects. In African rainforests, elephants can increase aboveground carbon, though the mechanisms are unclear. Here we combine a large unpublished dataset of forest elephant feeding with published browsing preferences totaling > 120,000 records covering 700 plant species, including nutritional data for 102 species. Elephants increase carbon stocks by: 1) promoting high wood density tree species via preferential browsing on leaves from low wood density species, which are more digestible; 2) dispersing seeds of trees that are relatively large and have the highest average wood density among tree guilds based on dispersal mode. Loss of forest elephants could cause a 5-12% decline in carbon stocks due to regeneration failure of elephant-dispersed trees and an increase in abundance of low wood density trees. These results show the major importance of megaherbivores in maintaining diverse, high-carbon tropical forests. Successful elephant conservation will contribute to climate mitigation at a scale of global relevance.
Plant species turnover in central Panamanian forests has been principally attributed to the effects of dispersal limitation and a strong Caribbean to Pacific gradient in rainfall seasonality. Despite marked geological heterogeneity, the role of soil variation has not been rigorously examined.
We modelled the compositional turnover of trees and ferns in the Panama Canal watershed as a function of soil chemistry, climate and geographical separation, using generalized dissimilarity models (GDMs).
Predictability in both plant groups was strong, with 74% of turnover explained in trees and 49% in ferns. Major trends in the two plant groups were strikingly similar. The independent effects of soils, and of climate for trees, were sizeable, but those of geographical distance were minor. In both plant groups, distance and climatic effects on species turnover covaried strongly.
Including floristic dissimilarity of the other taxon as a predictor increased explained deviance to 81% in trees and 59% in ferns. Controlling for differences in plant density among plots reduced deviance explained by climate and distance, while soil effects remained strong. Limiting the analyses to soils of volcanic origin increased deviance explained by climate, soils and distance, but their effects covaried strongly. Independent soil effects on tree turnover were reduced, but their effects on fern turnover remained pronounced.
Dry season length was the most important climatic predictor for both taxa, and P and pH were the most important soil predictors. Particularly, rapid species turnover was associated with the driest end of the seasonality gradient, linked to declining individual densities and species richness, and with the low end of the phosphorus gradient.
Synthesis. While changes in rainfall and seasonality undoubtedly limit plant distributions in this region, soil effects are at least as important, and interactions between the two are sizeable. This is likely to hold elsewhere in the Caribbean region, where mosaics of marine and volcanic soils combined with pronounced rainfall gradients are common. Strong congruence between our focal taxa suggests that our results can be extrapolated to other plant groups, particularly as trees and ferns are distantly related and represent different life\uffe2\uff80\uff90forms.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "biotic interactions", " determinants of plant community diversity and structure", " edaphic variation", " environmental control", " matrix regression", " precipitation", " Pteridophyta", " seed and spore dispersal", " tropical forests", " turnover rates", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12053"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.12053", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.12053", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.12053"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/cla.12208", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-14", "title": "Hidden biodiversity: total evidence phylogenetics and evolution of morphological traits in a highly diverse lineage of endogean ground beetles,TyphlocharisDieck, 1869 (Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini)", "description": "AbstractTyphlocharisis the most diverse eyeless endogean ground beetle genus known to date, with 62 species all endemic to the West Mediterranean region. The lineage is characterized by a conservative and singular body plan within Carabidae that contrasts with a high morphological diversity in many traits. We provide an exhaustive phylogeny of the lineage through the study of 92 morphological characters from all 62 described species and 45 potential new species from 70 additional populations, and the combination of morphological and available molecular data, in the first total evidence phylogenetic approach for a highly diverse endogean lineage. We tracked the evolution of morphological traits over the obtained phylogenies. Results suggest eight morphologically distinct clades, which do not correspond to the species groups proposed formerly. Ancestral state reconstructions and phylogenetic signal analyses of morphological traits revealed that some of the previously key characters to the classification ofTyphlocharis, such as the umbilicate series or the apical denticles of elytra, are highly homoplasic, whereas other characters show stronger phylogenetic signal, including structures in the antennae, gula, pronotum and last abdominal ventrite. This evidence supports the split ofTyphlocharisinto three genera:Lusotyphlusgen. nov.;TyphlocharisDieck, 1869 andMicrocharidiusCoiffait, 1969 (revalidated), forming the subtribe Typhlocharina Jeanne, 1973.Significant amounts of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are accumulated in soil in boreal forests. However, increased concern has been shown regarding the negative impacts of forestry operations on both the C sequestration and N stocks in soil. Changes in the C and N stocks in woody debris, forest floor and mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) were studied in Eastern Finland for 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years after stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90only clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting followed by soil harrowing. Samples were taken from the uncut forest and from the different microsites formed by the harrowing (ridges, furrows and undisturbed areas). Carbon and N from logging residues were not incorporated into the forest floor or mineral soil stocks to any great extent. After 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years the C stock above the mineral soil was smaller (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) in the treated area than in the uncut forest and after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years it was <\uffe2\uff80\uff8950% smaller. The corresponding N stock was marginally larger (<\uffe2\uff80\uff895%) after 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, but smaller (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89years. In the mineral soil there were no changes; only the furrows lost C and N when compared with the other microsites, but not when compared with the forest. Harrowing increased the spatial variation in the forest floor C and N stocks. The comparison of the N losses from the soil and logging residues and woody debris with the leaching losses, the amounts utilized by the regenerating vegetation or estimated to be immobilized by the stumps at the same site indicated that N which remained after the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting was retained at the site. For a full understanding of the impact of such a disturbance on stocks at a site all significant fluxes and stocks would need to be monitored.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "maaper\u00e4", "havumets\u00e4t", "hakkuut\u00e4hteet", "hiili", "carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "soil", "felling", "typpi", "Muut aihealueet", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forests", "hakkuu"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-05", "title": "Microbial Physiology And Soil Co2 Efflux After 9 Years Of Soil Warming In A Temperate Forest - No Indications For Thermal Adaptations", "description": "AbstractThermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. No adaptations to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.15\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921, control: 2.34\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Q10 warmed: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.06, control: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23, control 2.75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.03, control: 0.88\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich calcareous temperate forest soils.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "substrate use efficiency", "Nitrogen", "ARCTIC SOIL", "Acclimatization", "Forests", "soil CO2 efflux", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "Soil", "gross N mineralization", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "thermal adaptation", "EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES", "CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY", "soil warming", "Enzyme activities", "BEECH FOREST", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Soil CO efflux", "NITROGEN AVAILABILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "Thermal adaptation", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "106022 Microbiology", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CYCLE FEEDBACKS", "Gross N mineralization", "Seasons", "Substrate use efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-24", "title": "Different Types Of Nitrogen Deposition Show Variable Effects On The Soil Carbon Cycle Process Of Temperate Forests", "description": "AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects the soil carbon (C) cycle process of forests. However, the influence of different types of N on it still remained unclear. In this work, ammonium nitrate was selected as an inorganic N (IN) source, while urea and glycine were chosen as organic N (ON) sources. Different ratios of IN to ON (1\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa04, 2\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa03, 3\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa02, 4\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa01, and 5\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa00) were mixed with equal total amounts and then used to fertilize temperate forest soils for 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Results showed that IN deposition inhibited soil C cycle processes, such as soil respiration, soil organic C decomposition, and enzymatic activities, and induced the accumulation of recalcitrant organic C. By contrast, ON deposition promoted these processes. Addition of ON also resulted in accelerated transformation of recalcitrant compounds into labile compounds and increased CO2 efflux. Meanwhile, greater ON deposition may convert C sequestration in forest soils into C source. These results indicated the importance of the IN to ON ratio in controlling the soil C cycle, which can consequently change the ecological effect of N deposition.
", "keywords": ["China", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Glycine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12555"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12555"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12532", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-27", "title": "Increased Nitrogen Leaching Following Soil Freezing Is Due To Decreased Root Uptake In A Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "AbstractThe depth and duration of snow pack is declining in the northeastern United States as a result of warming air temperatures. Since snow insulates soil, a decreased snow pack can increase the frequency of soil freezing, which has been shown to have important biogeochemical implications. One of the most notable effects of soil freezing is increased inorganic nitrogen losses from soil during the following growing season. Decreased nitrogen retention is thought to be due to reduced root uptake, but has not yet been measured directly. We conducted a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year snow\uffe2\uff80\uff90removal experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA to determine the effects of soil freezing on root uptake and leaching of inorganic nitrogen simultaneously. Snow removal significantly increased the depth of maximal soil frost by 37.2 and 39.5\uffc2\uffa0cm in the first and second winters, respectively (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.001 in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010). As a consequence of soil freezing, root uptake of ammonium declined significantly during the first and second growing seasons after snow removal (P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.023 for 2009 and P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.005 for 2010). These observed reductions in root nitrogen uptake coincided with significant increases in soil solution concentrations of ammonium in the Oa horizon (P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.001 for 2009 and 2010) and nitrate in the B horizon (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.001 and P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.003 for 2009 and 2010, respectively). The excess flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the Oa horizon that was attributable to soil freezing was 7.0 and 2.8\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The excess flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the B horizon was lower, amounting to 1.7 and 0.7\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Results of this study provide direct evidence that soil freezing reduces root nitrogen uptake, demonstrating that the effects of winter climate change on root function has significant consequences for nitrogen retention and loss in forest ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Ammonium Compounds", "Freezing", "New Hampshire", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12532"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12532", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12532", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12532"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12715", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-22", "title": "Surficial Gains And Subsoil Losses Of Soil Carbon And Nitrogen During Secondary Forest Development", "description": "AbstractReforestation of formerly cultivated land is widely understood to accumulate above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground detrital organic matter pools, including soil organic matter. However, during 40\uffc2\uffa0years of study of reforestation in the subtropical southeastern USA, repeated observations of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground carbon documented that significant gains in soil organic matter (SOM) in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff937.5\uffc2\uffa0cm) were offset by significant SOM losses in subsoils (35\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffc2\uffa0cm). Here, we extended the observation period in this long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment by an additional decade, and used soil fractionation and stable isotopes and radioisotopes to explore changes in soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen that accompanied nearly 50\uffc2\uffa0years of loblolly pine secondary forest development. We observed that accumulations of mineral soil C and N from 0 to 7.5\uffc2\uffa0cm were almost entirely due to accumulations of light\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction SOM. Meanwhile, losses of soil C and N from mineral soils at 35 to 60\uffc2\uffa0cm were from SOM associated with silt and clay\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized particles. Isotopic signatures showed relatively large accumulations of forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived carbon in surface soils, and little to no accumulation of forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived carbon in subsoils. We argue that the land use change from old field to secondary forest drove biogeochemical and hydrological changes throughout the soil profile that enhanced microbial activity and SOM decomposition in subsoils. However, when the pine stands aged and began to transition to mixed pines and hardwoods, demands on soil organic matter for nutrients to support aboveground growth eased due to pine mortality, and subsoil organic matter levels stabilized. This study emphasizes the importance of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and deep measurements when characterizing soil C and N responses to land use change and the remarkable paucity of such long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil data deeper than 30\uffc2\uffa0cm.
", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "South Carolina", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12715"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12715", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12715", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12715"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14139", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-23", "title": "Elevated CO 2 did not affect the hydrological balance of a mature native Eucalyptus woodland", "description": "AbstractElevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCa) might reduce forest water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use, due to decreased transpiration, following partial stomatal closure, thus enhancing water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and productivity at low water availability. If evapotranspiration (Et) is reduced, it may subsequently increase soil water storage (\uffce\uff94S) or surface runoff (R) and drainage (Dg), although these could be offset or even reversed by changes in vegetation structure, mainly increased leaf area index (L). To understand the effect of eCa in a water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystem, we tested whether 2\uffc2\uffa0years of eCa (~40% increase) affected the hydrological partitioning in a mature water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited Eucalyptus woodland exposed to Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE). This timeframe allowed us to evaluate whether physiological effects of eCa reduced stand water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use irrespective of L, which was unaffected by eCa in this timeframe. We hypothesized that eCa would reduce tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90canopy transpiration (Etree), but excess water from reduced Etree would be lost via increased soil evaporation and understory transpiration (Efloor) with no increase in \uffce\uff94S, R or Dg. We computed Et, \uffce\uff94S, R and Dg from measurements of sapflow velocity, L, soil water content (\uffce\uffb8), understory micrometeorology, throughfall and stemflow. We found that eCa did not affect Etree, Efloor, \uffce\uff94S or \uffce\uffb8 at any depth (to 4.5\uffc2\uffa0m) over the experimental period. We closed the water balance for dry seasons with no differences in the partitioning to R and Dg between Ca levels. Soil temperature and \uffce\uffb8 were the main drivers of Efloor while vapour pressure deficit\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled Etree, though eCa did not significantly affect any of these relationships. Our results suggest that in the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, eCa does not significantly affect ecosystem water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use at this site. We conclude that water\uffe2\uff80\uff90savings under eCa mediated by either direct effects on plant transpiration or by indirect effects via changes in L or soil moisture availability are unlikely in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited mature eucalypt woodlands.
", "keywords": ["plant-water relationships", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Vapor Pressure", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "interception", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "free-air CO2 enrichment", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "water-use efficiency", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "580", "tree water", "Eucalyptus", "Temperature", "carbon dioxide", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Eucalyptus tereticornis", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Plant Leaves", "climate change", "stomatal conductance", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Seasons", "Hydrology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14139"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14139"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14139", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14139", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14139"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-16", "title": "Depth\u2010dependent responses of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition", "description": "AbstractEmerging evidence points out that the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to nitrogen (N) addition differ along the soil profile, highlighting the importance of synthesizing results from different soil layers. Here, using a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we found that N addition significantly enhanced topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) SOC by 3.7% (\uffc2\uffb11.4%) in forests and grasslands. In contrast, SOC in the subsoil (30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) initially increased with N addition but decreased over time. The model selection analysis revealed that experimental duration and vegetation type are among the most important predictors across a wide range of climatic, environmental, and edaphic variables. The contrasting responses of SOC to N addition indicate the importance of considering deep soil layers, particularly for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term continuous N deposition. Finally, the lack of depth\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent SOC responses to N addition in experimental and modeling frameworks has likely resulted in the overestimation of changes in SOC storage under enhanced N deposition.Winter climate change may result in reduced snow cover and could, consequently, alter the soil frost regime and biogeochemical processes underlying the exchange of methane (CH4) in boreal peatlands. In this study, we investigated the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (1\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffc2\uffa0years) vs. long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (11\uffc2\uffa0years) effects of intensified winter soil frost (induced by experimental snow exclusion) on CH4 exchange during the following growing season in a boreal peatland. In the first 3\uffc2\uffa0years (2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932006), lower CH4 emissions in the treatment plots relative to the control coincided with delayed soil temperature increase in the treatment plots at the beginning of the growing season (May). After 11 treatment years (in 2014), CH4 emissions were lower in the treatment plots relative to the control over the entire growing season, resulting in a reduction in total growing season CH4 emission by 27%. From May to July 2014, reduced sedge leaf area coincided with lower CH4 emissions in the treatment plots compared to the control. From July to August, lower dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the pore water of the treatment plots explained 72% of the differences in CH4 emission between control and treatment. In addition, greater Sphagnum moss growth in the treatment plots resulted in a larger distance between the moss surface and the water table (i.e., increasing the oxic layer) which may have enhanced the CH4 oxidation potential in the treatment plots relative to the control in 2014. The differences in vegetation might also explain the lower temperature sensitivity of CH4 emission observed in the treatment plots relative to the control. Overall, this study suggests that greater soil frost, associated with future winter climate change, might substantially reduce the growing season CH4 emission in boreal peatlands through altering vegetation dynamics and subsequently causing vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated effects on CH4 exchange.
", "keywords": ["Sweden", "Climate Change", "Ice", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Sphagnopsida", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cyperaceae", "Seasons", "Methane", "Plant Shoots", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13119"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13119", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13119", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13119"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13151", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-07", "title": "Canopy leaf area of a mature evergreen Eucalyptus woodland does not respond to elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] but tracks water availability", "description": "AbstractCanopy leaf area, quantified by the leaf area index (L), is a crucial driver of forest productivity, water use and energy balance. Because L responds to environmental drivers, it can represent an important feedback to climate change, but its responses to rising atmospheric [CO2] and water availability of forests have been poorly quantified. We studied canopy leaf area dynamics for 28\uffc2\uffa0months in a native evergreen Eucalyptus woodland exposed to free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (the EucFACE experiment), in a subtropical climate where water limitation is common. We hypothesized that, because of expected stimulation of productivity and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency, L should increase with elevated [CO2]. We estimated L from diffuse canopy transmittance, and measured monthly leaf litter production. Contrary to expectation, L did not respond to elevated [CO2]. We found that L varied between 1.10 and 2.20 across the study period. The dynamics of L showed a quick increase after heavy rainfall and a steady decrease during periods of low rainfall. Leaf litter production was correlated to changes in L, both during periods of decreasing L (when no leaf growth occurred) and during periods of increasing L (active shedding of old foliage when new leaf growth occurred). Leaf lifespan, estimated from mean L and total annual litter production, was up to 2\uffc2\uffa0months longer under elevated [CO2] (1.18 vs. 1.01\uffc2\uffa0years; P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.05). Our main finding that L was not responsive to elevated CO2 is consistent with other forest FACE studies, but contrasts with the positive response of L commonly predicted by many ecosystem models.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "Eucalyptus", "leaf area index", "Atmosphere", "Water", "drought", "Carbon Dioxide", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "phenology", "01 natural sciences", "free-air CO2 enrichment", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "leaves", "New South Wales", "litter production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13151"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13151"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13151", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13151", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13151"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forests&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forests&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forests&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forests&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 290, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-10-24T20:57:53.957492Z"}