Residual concentrations of glyphosate and its main transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are often observed in soils. The factors controlling their biodegradation are currently not well understood. We analyzed sorption\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited biodegradation of glyphosate and AMPA in soil with a set of microcosm experiments. A mechanistic model that accounts for equilibrium and kinetic sorption facilitated interpretation of the experimental results. Both compounds showed a biphasic dissipation with an initial fast (up to Days 7\uffe2\uff80\uff9310) and subsequent slower transformation rate, pointing to sorption\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited degradation. Glyphosate transformation was well described by considering only equilibrium sorption. Model simulations suggested that only 0.02\uffe2\uff80\uff930.13% of total glyphosate was present in the soil solution and thus bioavailable. Glyphosate transformation was rapid in solution (time required for 50 % dissipation of the total initially added chemical [DT50]\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.9\uffc2\uffa0min), and, despite strong equilibrium sorption, total glyphosate in soil dissipated quickly (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02.4\uffc2\uffa0d). Aminomethylphosphonic acid dissipation kinetics could only be described when considering both equilibrium and kinetic sorption. In comparison to glyphosate, the model simulations showed that a higher proportion of total AMPA was dissolved and directly bioavailable (0.27\uffe2\uff80\uff933.32%), but biodegradation of dissolved AMPA was slower (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa01.9\uffc2\uffa0h). The model\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data interpretation suggests that kinetic sorption strongly reduces AMPA bioavailability, leading to increased AMPA persistence in soil (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa012\uffc2\uffa0d). Thus, strong sorption combined with rapid degradation points to low risks of glyphosate leaching by vertical transport through soil in the absence of preferential flow. Ecotoxicological effects on soil microorganisms might be reduced. In contrast, AMPA persists, rendering these risks more likely.Residual herbicides used in the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and corn (Zea mays L.) are often detected in surface runoff at concentrations exceeding their maximum contaminant levels (MCL) or health advisory levels (HAL). With the advent of transgenic, glyphosate\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant soybean and glufosinate\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant corn this concern might be reduced by replacing some of the residual herbicides with short half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life, strongly sorbed, contact herbicides. We applied both herbicide types to two chiseled and two no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till watersheds in a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation and at half rates to three disked watersheds in a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr corn/soybean/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation and monitored herbicide losses in runoff water for four crop years. In soybean years, average glyphosate loss (0.07%) was \uffe2\uff88\uffbc1/7 that of metribuzin (0.48%) and about one\uffe2\uff80\uff90half that of alachlor (0.12%), residual herbicides it can replace. Maximum, annual, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted concentration of glyphosate (9.2 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was well below its 700 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 MCL and metribuzin (9.5 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was well below its 200 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 HAL, whereas alachlor (44.5 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was well above its 2 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 MCL. In corn years, average glufosinate loss (0.10%) was similar to losses of alachlor (0.07%) and linuron (0.15%), but about one\uffe2\uff80\uff90fourth that of atrazine (0.37%). Maximum, annual, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted concentration of glufosinate (no MCL) was 3.5 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921, whereas atrazine (31.5 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and alachlor (9.8 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) substantially exceeded their MCLs of 3 and 2 \uffce\uffbcg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Regardless of tillage system, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted atrazine and alachlor concentrations exceeded their MCLs in at least one crop year. Replacing these herbicides with glyphosate and glufosinate can reduce the occurrence of dissolved herbicide concentrations in runoff exceeding drinking water standards.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Glycine max", "Herbicides", "Rain", "Glycine", "Agriculture", "Drug Tolerance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plants", " Genetically Modified", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Water Movements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "Ohio"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0540"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0540", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0540", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0540"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-07", "title": "Microcosm test for pesticide fate assessment in planted water filters: 13C,15N-labeled glyphosate as an example", "description": "Planted filters are often used to remove pesticides from runoff water. However, the detailed fate of pesticides in the planted filters still remains elusive. This hampers an accurate assessment of environmental risks of the pesticides related to their fate and thereby development of proper mitigation strategies. In addition, a test system for the chemical fate analysis including plants and in particular for planted filters is not well established yet. Therefore, we developed a microcosm test to simulate the fate of pesticide in planted filters, and applied 2-13C,15N-glyphosate as a model pesticide. The fate of 2-13C,15N-glyphosate in the planted microcosms over 31 day-incubation period was balanced and compared with that in the unplanted microcosms. The mass balance of 2-13C,15N-glyphosate turnover included 13C mineralization, degradation products, and the 13C and 15N incorporation into the rhizosphere microbial biomass and plants. We observed high removal of glyphosate (> 88%) from the water mainly due to adsorption on gravel in both microcosms. More glyphosate was degraded in the planted microcosms with 4.1% of 13C being mineralized, 1.5% of 13C and 3.8% of 15N being incorporated into microbial biomass. In the unplanted microcosms, 1.1% of 13C from 2-13C,15N-glyphosate was mineralized, and only 0.2% of 13C and 0.1% of 15N were assimilated into microbial biomass. The total recovery of 13C and 15N was 81% and 85% in planted microcosms, and 91% and 93% in unplanted counterparts, respectively. The microcosm test was thus proven to be feasible for mass balance assessments of the fate of non-volatile chemicals in planted filters. The results of such studies could help better manage and design planted filters for pesticide removal.", "keywords": ["Glyphosate", "Glycine", "Water", "Pesticides", "Plants", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0044-59672007000200005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-27", "title": "Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Microbiana Em Solo Cultivado Com Soja E Tratado Com Diferentes Herbicidas Em \u00c1rea De Cerrado No Estado De Roraima", "description": "Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto de herbicidas \uffc3\uffa0 base de glyphosate, imazaquin e trifluralin na biomassa microbiana do solo, na comunidade bacteriana associada ao rizoplano de soja e tamb\uffc3\uffa9m na nodula\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o das plantas de soja. As avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es foram realizadas por um per\uffc3\uffadodo de 60 dias, em dois sistemas de manejo do solo: semeadura direta na palha (SD) e semeadura convencional (SC), que receberam a aplica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos herbicidas glyphosate e, imazaquin e trifluralin, respectivamente. Ao longo do per\uffc3\uffadodo estudado o imazaquin, na \uffc3\uffa1rea de SD, ocasionou redu\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da biomassa microbiana e, tamb\uffc3\uffa9m alterou o perfil bacteriano analisado por eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (DGGE) de forma mais intensa, que o glyphosate. Na \uffc3\uffa1rea de SC n\uffc3\uffa3o houve efeito significativo dos herbicidas sobre a biomassa microbiana, tendo ocorrido grande variabilidade entre repeti\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es de um mesmo tratamento nos perfis de DGGE, o que dificultou a observa\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o do efeito dos herbicidas. O seq\uffc3\uffbcenciamento de fragmentos do 16S rDNA retirados dos g\uffc3\uffa9is de DGGE mostrou que o glyphosate restringiu o desenvolvimento de uma bact\uffc3\uffa9ria com 90% de homologia com Herbaspirillum sp., enquanto, o imazaquin estimulou uma bact\uffc3\uffa9ria com 96% de homologia com Ralstonia sp. e, outras bact\uffc3\uffa9rias com pelo menos 92% de homologia com Burkholderia, Thiomonas e Pseudomonas n\uffc3\uffa3o foram afetadas. Tamb\uffc3\uffa9m n\uffc3\uffa3o houve efeito dos herbicidas sobre o n\uffc3\uffbamero de n\uffc3\uffb3dulos nas plantas de soja.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "glyphosate", "Biomassa Microbiana", "trifluralin", "Microbial biomass", "imazaquin", "DGGE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zilli, Jerri \u00c9dson, Smiderle, Oscar Jos\u00e9, Neves, Maria Cristina Prata, Rumjanek, Norma Gouv\u00eaa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672007000200005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Amazonica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0044-59672007000200005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0044-59672007000200005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0044-59672007000200005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.fj6q57401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Pathways of glyphosate effects on litter decomposition in grasslands", "description": "unspecifiedStudy site and application of glyphosate The study site was a humid mesophytic grassland in the Flooding Pampa, a vast region of around 9 million hectares in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The mean annual temperature is around 15\u00b0C and the mean annual rainfall is 885 mm (Soriano and Paruelo 1992). The landscape has a treeless physiognomy and an extremely flat topography with periodic flooding during autumn\u2013spring in lowland, except in ridge areas with well-drained sandy soils (Burkart et al. 1998). The field experiment was carried out in a commercial livestock farm (35\u00b0 01\u00b4S, 57\u00b0 50\u00b4 W). The plant community is dominated by C3 and C4 grass species (see details in Druille et al. 2015). Soil is classified as a typical Natracuol (US Soil Taxonomy), characterized by having a nonsaline acid A1 horizon, and a highly alkaline saline B2 horizon (Lavado and Taboada 1988). Glyphosate was not applied at the study site before, even though glyphosate application in the late summer is a common practice in the region with a 3 l/ha dose (Rodriguez and Jacobo 2010). We applied this dose (1440 g of acid equivalent/ha) of a commercial glyphosate formulation Glacoxan\u00ae in field and greenhouse experiments with a 20 l backpack sprayer with a constant pressure of 3 bars. Pathways of single-glyphosate application To evaluate pathways of single application of glyphosate effects through living plants (1), leaf litter (2), and soil (3), we set up a litter decomposition experiment in a greenhouse. For these pathways, we used plant material that is naturally found in the field at the end of the summer when glyphosate is applied in the Flooding Pampa. At that time of the year, Paspalum dilatatum, the native dominant perennial C4 grass, can be found as a living plant and as plant litter. In turn, Lolium multiflorum, which is an introduced annual winter C3 forage grass, is only found dead as plant litter. Considering that in this grassland the vast majority of L. multiflorum plants are endophyte-infected with Epichlo\u00eb occultans (Gundel et al. 2009), in this experiment we used L. multiflorum plants associated with the endophyte. Together, for the living plant pathway we used P. dilatatum (1) and for the leaf litter pathway (2) we used litter produced by P. dilatatum and L. multiflorum with endophyte plants. Paspalum dilatatum and Lolium multiflorum plants were grown in 1 m x 1 m monoculture plots in the experimental campus of the School of Agronomy at the University of Buenos Aires. L. multiflorum plants grew from seeds with naturally high level (82%) of endophyte association (E+), and from seeds without endophyte (E-) obtained experimentally following Omacini et al. (2004). We collected fresh senesced plant litter of both species and, in the lab, sorted leaf litter from other plant organs. Then, in the P. dilatatum plots, we removed all dead plant material to applied glyphosate on living plants. After 15 days, we collected P. dilatatum plants killed by glyphosate and separated the leaf litter from other organs. We determined the total carbon (%C) and nitrogen (%N) content of all types of litter by Dumas combustion with a TruSpec elemental analyzer (LECO, St. Joseph, MI, USA) at the University of Buenos Aires. We prepared litterbags containing leaf litter from P. dilatatum plants killed by glyphosate (Plant Gx) and from naturally senesced P. dilatatum and L. multiflorum E+ plants. Litterbags were made of fiberglass mesh, which is the most common used material for litter decomposition studies (Harmon et al. 1999, Bradford et al. 2002), and that we have successfully used before (Omacini et al. 2004, Vivanco and Austin 2006, 2019).\u00a0 We used 0.5 g of each litter type in 11 cm x 9 cm litterbags with a 3 mm opening on the upper face and a 2 mm opening on the lower face. We prepared plastic containers with 1.2 kg of soil from the study site, which had not received prior glyphosate treatment. Half of the litterbags containing naturally senesced leaves were sprayed with glyphosate (Litter G+) and the other half was sprayed with water (Litter G-). Half of the soil containers were sprayed with glyphosate (Soil G+) and the other half was sprayed with water (Soil G-). We assigned litterbags (Plant Gx, Litter G+, Litter G-) to soil containers (Soil G+, Soil G-) in a factorial design and kept them moistened with regular watering (n=5). We assessed litter decomposition as litter mass loss over time. We collected litterbags after 140 and 270 days of incubation. Litterbags were dried for 48 h at 65\u00b0C; soil and debris were removed from litter and were oven-dried again for determination of dry mass. We estimated the decomposition constant k using a single exponential decay model by regressing the log of the fraction of mass remaining against time. The decomposition constant integrates the dynamics of litter mass loss over time and it is a useful parameter to compare between litter types and treatments (Wieder and Lang 1982). We used ln (Mt/Mo) = \u2013kt, where Mo is the initial dry mass, Mt is the dry mass at time t, and k is the decomposition constant (Swift et al. 1979). Linear regressions were performed by setting the intercept to zero. In the few cases when samples did not fit a significant regression, values were considered outliers and were replaced by the mean of the treatment, following the missing value procedure (Steel and Torrie 1980, Vivanco and Austin 2008). Pathways of repeated annual application of glyphosate in natural grasslands We evaluated pathways of repeated annual application of glyphosate through legacies in ecosystem properties (4) and through the enhancement of endophytic grass (5) (Fig. 1) on decomposition of leaf litter and roots in a field experiment in the Flooding Pampa. In this field experiment, we previously studied the impacts of glyphosate application on beneficial soil microorganisms (Druille et al. 2013, 2015, 2016). We established 10 plots (1.5m x 1.5 m) in an area of similar floristic composition and randomly assigned them to control (Ecosystem G-) or glyphosate application (Ecosystem G+) treatments. Every April (late summer in the southern hemisphere) for three consecutive years, we applied 3 l / ha of water to Ecosystem G- plots and 3 l / ha (1440 g acid equivalent / ha) of commercial glyphosate formulation (Glacoxan\u00ae) to Ecosystem G+ plots. We applied these treatments using a 20 l backpack sprayer with a constant pressure of 3 bars. Cattle grazing was avoided during the experiment by keeping an electric wire around the experimental area. To avoid biomass accumulation and the consequent aging of grasslands, we made a harvest of plant biomass using a lawn mower set to leave 10 cm stubble every year before application of the treatment. To evaluate pathways of repeated annual application of glyphosate, we used litter produced by plants of L. multiflorum with (E+) and without (E-) endophyte that was accumulated above and below ground (leaf and root litter). We prepared 14 cm x 14 cm litterbags made of 2 mm fiberglass mesh. We placed leaf litterbags on the ground and root litterbags buried 5 cm belowground. Considering that the place where the litter was deposited (above and belowground) can interact with the type of litter (leaf and root litter), we placed a common substrate (stem litter) litterbags on the ground and buried at 5 cm to assess the effects of the above and belowground environment. The experiment started 15 days after the third year of application of glyphosate (n = 4) and we collected litterbags at 30, 140 and 260 days. We assessed ash-free dry mass (500\u00b0C oven for 4 h) to estimate the decomposition constant k as described in Section 2.3. Together, this experiment evaluated the relative importance of pathways 4 and 5 and provides information about the effect of an aerial symbiosis on root decomposition of the host, which has not been evaluated previously. We assessed above and belowground ecosystem properties in Ecosystem G- and Ecosystem G+ plots. We measured plant cover in December (when the last litterbag pickup occurred) in 10 plots of each level of glyphosate application. For estimation of plant cover, we used the line intercept method proposed by Canfield (1941). We determined potential water evaporation at ground level by measuring the water loss of wet filter papers. We used preweighted oven-dried filter papers and wet them in the field to full water-holding capacity. Filter papers were weighed immediately before and after incubation on the ground for 1 hour at midday in May to calculate water loss. We measured two filter papers per plot in 5 replicates for each level of glyphosate application. We determined soil gravimetric water content from 10 cm depth soil cores taken in August and December (second and third litterbag harvest dates, respectively). We also determined soil organic matter content and soil potential respiration from soil cores taken in May, approximately one year after the decomposition experiment was installed in the field. Soil organic matter content was determined by total combustion in an oven at 500\u00b0C for 4 hours. We determined soil potential respiration by incubating a 15-g sample at 25\u00b0C, in a 200-ml vial with gastight septum caps. The soil was pre-incubated at water field capacity for 48 h without seedlings or any plants. CO2 production was measured 2, 4 and 7 days after a 24-h incubation period with an infrared gas analyzer (PP Systems EGM-4, Amesbury, Massachusetts, USA). We used five replicates per level of glyphosate application for soil measurements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "litter C/N", "Pampa Grasslands", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "litter decomposition", "fungal symbiont", "15. Life on land", "carbon loss", "Endophyte", "forage management", "litter bags", "13. Climate action", "root litter", "herbicide", "soil organic matter", "Epichl\u00f6e occultans", "livestock production"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vivanco, Luc\u00eda, S\u00e1nchez, Mar\u00eda, Druille, Magdalena, Omacini, Marina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q57401"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.fj6q57401", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.fj6q57401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.fj6q57401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2010.0454", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-27", "title": "Comparative Losses Of Glyphosate And Selected Residual Herbicides In Surface Runoff From Conservation-Tilled Watersheds Planted With Corn Or Soybean", "description": "Residual herbicides regularly used in conjunction with conservation tillage to produce corn ( L.) and soybean [ (L.) Merr] are often detected in surface water at concentrations that exceed their U.S. maximum contaminant levels (MCL) and ecological standards. These risks might be reduced by planting glyphosate-tolerant varieties of these crops and totally or partially replacing the residual herbicides alachlor, atrazine, linuron, and metribuzin with glyphosate, a contact herbicide that has a short half-life and is strongly sorbed to soil. Therefore, we applied both herbicide types at typical rates and times to two chisel-plowed and two no-till watersheds in a 2-yr corn/soybean rotation and at half rates to three disked watersheds in a 3-yr corn/soybean/wheat-red clover ( L.- L.) rotation and monitored herbicide losses in surface runoff for three crop years. Average dissolved glyphosate loss for all tillage practices, as a percentage of the amount applied, was significantly less ( \u2264 0.05) than the losses of atrazine (21.4x), alachlor (3.5x), and linuron (8.7x) in corn-crop years. Annual, flow-weighted, concentration of atrazine was as high as 41.3 \u03bcg L, much greater than its 3 \u03bcg L MCL. Likewise, annual, flow-weighted alachlor concentration (MCL = 2 \u03bcg L) was as high as 11.2 and 4.9 \u03bcg L in corn- and soybean-crop years, respectively. In only one runoff event during the 18 watershed-years it was applied did glyphosate concentration exceed its 700 \u03bcg L MCL and the highest, annual, flow-weighted concentration was 3.9 \u03bcg L. Planting glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean and using glyphosate in lieu of some residual herbicides should reduce the impact of the production of these crops on surface water quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Glycine max", "Herbicides", "Glycine", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Medicago", "Water Movements", "Water Pollution", " Chemical", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Triticum", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0454"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2010.0454", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2010.0454", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2010.0454"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "29990941", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil", "description": "The intensive use of pesticide and plastic mulches has considerably enhanced crop growth and yield. Pesticide residues and plastic debris, however, have caused serious environmental problems. This study investigated the effects of the commonly used herbicide glyphosate and micrometre-sized plastic debris, referred as microplastics, on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil by a microcosm experiment over 30 days incubation. Results showed that glyphosate decay was gradual and followed a single first-order decay kinetics model. In different treatments (with/without microplastic addition), glyphosate showed similar half-lives (32.8 days). The soil content of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the main metabolite of glyphosate, steadily increased without reaching plateau and declining phases throughout the experiment. Soil microbial respiration significantly changed throughout the entirety of the experiment, particularly in the treatments with higher microplastic addition. The dynamics of soil \u03b2-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase varied, especially in the treatments with high microplastic addition. Particles that were considerably smaller than the initially added microplastic particles were observed after 30 days incubation. This result thus implied that microplastic would hardly affect glyphosate decay but smaller plastic particles accumulated in soils which potentially threaten soil quality would be further concerned especially in the regions with intensive plastic mulching application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastic", "Glycine", "Pesticide Residues", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Soil", "Pesticide decay", "Models", " Chemical", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Soil microbial activities", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/29990941"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "29990941", "name": "item", "description": "29990941", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/29990941"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.17828153", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:24:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Response of low affinity methanotrophs to glyphosate formulations", "description": "unspecifiedThe data set consists of the following files: Soil properties.xlsx - Properties of Gleysol, Leptosol and Fluvisol soils used in this study. Data include the results of: Full water capacity, pH, Eh, EC, PO4-P, NO3-N, NH3-N, Total carbon [%], Total inorganic carbon [%], Total organic carbon [%], Bulk density and % contents of clay, silt and sand. Taxonomy results.xlsx \u2013 taxonomical data from Next Generation Sequencing method of DNA obtained from enriched cultures treated with glyphosate and Roundup 360 Plus. Primers used: 515F (5\u2019-GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA) and 806R (5\u2019-GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT). dPCR quantification.xlsx \u2013 raw data obtained from digital polymerase chain reaction assay of DNA obtained soils treated with glyphosate and Roundup 360 Plus. Specific primers for 16S rRNA gene were selected: 515F (5\u2019-GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA) and 806R (5\u2019-GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT). Specific primers for pmoA gene were selected: A189f (5\u2019-GGNGACTGGGACTTCTGG) and mb661 (5\u2019-CCGGMGCAACGTCYTTACC).\u00a0 Methanotrophic activity.xlsx \u2013 data obtained from gas chromatograph through incubation of soils treated with glyphosate and Roundup 360 Plus. alpha-diversity indices.xlsx - data acquired from Next Generation Sequencing method of DNA obtained from enriched cultures treated with glyphosate and Roundup 360 Plus. Primers used: 515F (5\u2019-GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA) and 806R (5\u2019-GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT). a-diversity indices were calculated with vegan package in R environment. Description of variables is provided in ReadMe.txt file.", "keywords": ["Glyphosate", "Soil", "Greenhouse Gases", "Herbicides", "Microbial community", "Methanotrophy", "Methane", "Adjuvant"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pytlak, Anna, Furtak, Adam,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17828153"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.17828153", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.17828153", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.17828153"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-8619257", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-13", "title": "A spatial approach to identify priority areas for pesticide pollution mitigation", "description": "Identifying priority areas is an essential step in developing management strategies to reduce pesticide loads in surface water. A spatially explicit model-based approach was developed to detect priority areas for diffuse pesticide pollution at catchment scale. The method uses available datasets and considers different pesticide pathways in the environment post-application. The approach was applied in a catchment area in SE Flanders (Belgium) as a case study. Calculated risk areas were obtained using detailed landscape data and combining pesticide emissions and hydrological connectivity. The risk areas obtained were further compared with an alternative observation-based method, developed specifically for this study site that includes long-term field observations and local expert knowledge. Both methods equally classified 50% of the areas. The impact of crop rotation on the calculated risk was analysed. High-risk areas were identified and added to a cumulative map over all five years to evaluate temporal variations. The model-based approach was used for the initial identification of risk areas at the study site. The tool helps to prioritise zones and detect particular fields to target landscape mitigation measures to reduce diffuse pesticide pollution reaching surface water bodies.", "keywords": ["Technology and Engineering", "GIS modelling", "FATE", "0207 environmental engineering", "GLYPHOSATE", "02 engineering and technology", "Diffuse pesticide pollution", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "CATCHMENT", "Belgium", "RUNOFF", "SURFACE WATERS", "Pesticides", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "RISK", "Catchment scale", "Water Pollution", "Surface water", "Agriculture", "HERBICIDE LOSSES", "15. Life on land", "Field observations", "BUFFER ZONES", "TRANSPORT", "6. Clean water", "NO-TILL", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Pesticide risk areas", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8619257"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8619257", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8619257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8619257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2811220652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil", "description": "The intensive use of pesticide and plastic mulches has considerably enhanced crop growth and yield. Pesticide residues and plastic debris, however, have caused serious environmental problems. This study investigated the effects of the commonly used herbicide glyphosate and micrometre-sized plastic debris, referred as microplastics, on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil by a microcosm experiment over 30 days incubation. Results showed that glyphosate decay was gradual and followed a single first-order decay kinetics model. In different treatments (with/without microplastic addition), glyphosate showed similar half-lives (32.8 days). The soil content of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the main metabolite of glyphosate, steadily increased without reaching plateau and declining phases throughout the experiment. Soil microbial respiration significantly changed throughout the entirety of the experiment, particularly in the treatments with higher microplastic addition. The dynamics of soil \u03b2-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase varied, especially in the treatments with high microplastic addition. Particles that were considerably smaller than the initially added microplastic particles were observed after 30 days incubation. This result thus implied that microplastic would hardly affect glyphosate decay but smaller plastic particles accumulated in soils which potentially threaten soil quality would be further concerned especially in the regions with intensive plastic mulching application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastic", "Glycine", "Pesticide Residues", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Soil", "Pesticide decay", "Models", " Chemical", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Soil microbial activities", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2811220652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2811220652", "name": "item", "description": "2811220652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2811220652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2901568299", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-22", "title": "Biogenic transport of glyphosate in the presence of LDPE microplastics: A mesocosm experiment", "description": "The accumulation of plastic debris and herbicide residues has become a huge challenge and poses many potential risks to environmental health and soil quality. In the present study, we investigated the transport of glyphosate and its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) via earthworms in the presence of different concentrations of light density polyethylene microplastics in the litter layer during a 14-day mesocosm experiment. The results showed earthworm gallery weight was negatively affected by the combination of glyphosate and microplastics. Glyphosate and AMPA concentrated in the first centimetre of the top soil layer and the downward transport of glyphosate and AMPA was only detected in the earthworm burrows, ranging from 0.04 to 4.25\u202f\u03bcg\u202fg-1 for glyphosate and from 0.01 (less than limit of detection) to 0.76\u202f\u03bcg\u202fg-1 for AMPA. The transport rate of glyphosate (including AMPA) from the litter layer into earthworm burrows ranged from 6.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f4.6% to 18.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f2.4%, depending on synergetic effects of microplastics and glyphosate application. The findings imply that earthworm activities strongly influence pollutant movement into the soil, which potentially affects soil ecosystems. Further studies focused on the fate of pollutants in the microenvironment of earthworm burrows are needed.", "keywords": ["Earthworm burrows", "2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastics", "Glycine", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Glyphosate transport", "Soil", "Polyethylene", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Soil ecosystem", "Plastics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2901568299"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2901568299", "name": "item", "description": "2901568299", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2901568299"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "30502712", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-22", "title": "Biogenic transport of glyphosate in the presence of LDPE microplastics: A mesocosm experiment", "description": "The accumulation of plastic debris and herbicide residues has become a huge challenge and poses many potential risks to environmental health and soil quality. In the present study, we investigated the transport of glyphosate and its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) via earthworms in the presence of different concentrations of light density polyethylene microplastics in the litter layer during a 14-day mesocosm experiment. The results showed earthworm gallery weight was negatively affected by the combination of glyphosate and microplastics. Glyphosate and AMPA concentrated in the first centimetre of the top soil layer and the downward transport of glyphosate and AMPA was only detected in the earthworm burrows, ranging from 0.04 to 4.25\u202f\u03bcg\u202fg-1 for glyphosate and from 0.01 (less than limit of detection) to 0.76\u202f\u03bcg\u202fg-1 for AMPA. The transport rate of glyphosate (including AMPA) from the litter layer into earthworm burrows ranged from 6.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f4.6% to 18.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f2.4%, depending on synergetic effects of microplastics and glyphosate application. The findings imply that earthworm activities strongly influence pollutant movement into the soil, which potentially affects soil ecosystems. Further studies focused on the fate of pollutants in the microenvironment of earthworm burrows are needed.", "keywords": ["Earthworm burrows", "2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastics", "Glycine", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Glyphosate transport", "Soil", "Polyethylene", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Soil ecosystem", "Plastics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/30502712"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "30502712", "name": "item", "description": "30502712", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/30502712"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "36417923", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-24", "title": "Mechanistic modeling indicates rapid glyphosate dissipation and sorption\u2010driven persistence of its metabolite AMPA in soil", "description": "AbstractResidual concentrations of glyphosate and its main transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are often observed in soils. The factors controlling their biodegradation are currently not well understood. We analyzed sorption\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited biodegradation of glyphosate and AMPA in soil with a set of microcosm experiments. A mechanistic model that accounts for equilibrium and kinetic sorption facilitated interpretation of the experimental results. Both compounds showed a biphasic dissipation with an initial fast (up to Days 7\uffe2\uff80\uff9310) and subsequent slower transformation rate, pointing to sorption\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited degradation. Glyphosate transformation was well described by considering only equilibrium sorption. Model simulations suggested that only 0.02\uffe2\uff80\uff930.13% of total glyphosate was present in the soil solution and thus bioavailable. Glyphosate transformation was rapid in solution (time required for 50 % dissipation of the total initially added chemical [DT50]\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.9\uffc2\uffa0min), and, despite strong equilibrium sorption, total glyphosate in soil dissipated quickly (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02.4\uffc2\uffa0d). Aminomethylphosphonic acid dissipation kinetics could only be described when considering both equilibrium and kinetic sorption. In comparison to glyphosate, the model simulations showed that a higher proportion of total AMPA was dissolved and directly bioavailable (0.27\uffe2\uff80\uff933.32%), but biodegradation of dissolved AMPA was slower (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa01.9\uffc2\uffa0h). The model\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data interpretation suggests that kinetic sorption strongly reduces AMPA bioavailability, leading to increased AMPA persistence in soil (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa012\uffc2\uffa0d). Thus, strong sorption combined with rapid degradation points to low risks of glyphosate leaching by vertical transport through soil in the absence of preferential flow. Ecotoxicological effects on soil microorganisms might be reduced. In contrast, AMPA persists, rendering these risks more likely.