<p>Studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks mostly focus on topsoils (< 30 cm). However, 30 to 63% of the SOC are stored in the subsoils (30 to 100 cm), and the factors controlling SOC storage in subsoils may be substantially different than in topsoils. The low mean SOC content in subsoils makes its quantification and characterization challenging. Thus, new approaches are required to depict the SOC stocks distribution in full soil profile. Hyperspectral imaging of soil core samples can provide high spatial resolution of the vertical distribution of SOC in a soil profile. The main objective of the ongoing study, within the Horizon 2020 European Project Circular Agronomics, is to apply laboratory hyperspectral imaging with a variety of machine learning approaches for the mapping of OC distribution in undisturbed soil cores. Soil cores were collected down to a depth of one meter in grasslands of 15 organic farms located in the Lungau Valley, in Austria. Some samples were divided into five depths in the field for classical bulk soil measurements (total carbon and nitrogen, texture, pH, EC and bulk density) on disturbed samples. Undisturbed soil cores were sliced vertically for laboratory hyperspectral imaging in the range of Vis-NIR (400-1000 nm). We were able to reveal the hotspots of OC and map the OC distribution in soil profile by applying a variety of machine learning approaches (i.e. partial least square and random forest regression) as a function of spectral responses. A digital elevation model was further exploited to investigate the effects of topographical factors such as elevation, aspect and slope on SOC profile distribution. Landsat 8 data were also used to depict the spatial variability of land insensitive cover/vegetation in study area.</p>
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vis-NIR imaging spectroscopy", " Alpine grassland", " Digital elevation model", " Subsoils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "YASER OSTOVARI, K\u00f6ppend\u00f6rfer, Baptist, Guigue, Julien, Van Groenigen, Jan Willem, Creamer, Rachel, Guggenberger, Thomas, Grassauer, Florian, Hobley, Eleanor, Ferron, Laura, Martens, Henk, K\u00f6gel-Knabner, Ingrid, Vidal, Alix,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5574882"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5574882", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5574882", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5574882"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8-envidat", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2020-08-20T13:49:14Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "Anthropogenic change and soil net N mineralization", "description": "This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based. Paper Citation: Risch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Moser, Barbara, Sch\u00fctz, Martin, Hagedorn, Frank, Firn, Jennifer, Fay, Philip A., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blair, John M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., di Virgilio, Augustina, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Prober, Suzanne M., Seabloom, Eric W., Siebert, Julia, Silveira, Maria L. , Speziale, Karina L., Stevens, Carly J., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties. Global Change Biology Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile. We assessed how the removal of mammalian herbivores (Fence) and fertilization with growth-limiting nutrients (N, P, K, plus nine essential macro- and micronutrients; NPK) individually, and in combination (NPK+Fence), affected potential and realized soil net Nmin across 22 natural and semi-natural grasslands on five continents. Our sites spanned a comprehensive range of climatic and edaphic conditions found across the grassland biome. We focused on grasslands, because they cover 40-50% of the ice-free land surface and provide vital ecosystem functions and services. They are particularly important for forage production and C sequestration. Worldwide, grasslands store approximately 20-30% of the Earth\u2019s terrestrial C, most of it in the soil (Schimel, 1995; White et al., 2000).", "formats": [{"name": "XLS"}], "keywords": ["ammonification", "ch", "climate", "fertilization", "global-change", "grassland", "herbivore", "mineralization", "nitrification", "nitrogen", "nutrient-network", "soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Anita C. Risch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://envidat.ch/#/about", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/anthropogenic-change-and-net-n-mineralization"}, {"href": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/anthropogenic-change-and-net-n-mineralization/resource/13089b78-5a54-47a5-abe2-243a1e32772d"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8-envidat"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8-envidat", "name": "item", "description": "14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8-envidat", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8-envidat"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-09", "title": "Defoliation And Soil Compaction Jointly Drive Large-Herbivore Grazing Effects On Plants And Soil Arthropods On Clay Soil", "description": "In addition to the well-studied impacts of defecation and defoliation, large herbivores also affect plant and arthropod communities through trampling, and the associated soil compaction. Soil compaction can be expected to be particularly important on wet, fine-textured soils. Therefore, we established a full factorial experiment of defoliation (monthly mowing) and soil compaction (using a rammer, annually) on a clay-rich salt marsh at the Dutch coast, aiming to disentangle the importance of these two factors. Additionally, we compared the effects on soil physical properties, plants, and arthropods to those at a nearby cattle-grazed marsh under dry and under waterlogged conditions. Soil physical conditions of the compacted plots were similar to the conditions at cattle-grazed plots, showing decreased soil aeration and increased waterlogging. Soil salinity was doubled by defoliation and quadrupled by combined defoliation and compaction. Cover of the dominant tall grass Elytrigia atherica was decreased by 80% in the defoliated plots, but cover of halophytes only increased under combined defoliation and compaction. Effects on soil micro-arthropods were most severe under waterlogging, showing a fourfold decrease in abundance and a smaller mean body size under compaction. Although the combined treatment of defoliation and trampling indeed proved most similar to the grazed marsh, large discrepancies remained for both plant and soil fauna communities, presumably because of colonization time lags. We conclude that soil compaction and defoliation differently affect plant and arthropod communities in grazed ecosystems, and that the magnitude of their effects depends on herbivore density, productivity, and soil physical properties.", "keywords": ["COLLEMBOLA", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "wadden sea", "GRASSLAND", "growth", "cow", "DIVERSITY", "01 natural sciences", "630", "diversity", "Aranaea", "simulated grazing", "SALT-MARSH", "MOUNTAIN PASTURES", "MANAGEMENT", "Environmental Chemistry", "Acari", "NITROGEN MINERALIZATION", "nitrogen mineralization", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "2. Zero hunger", "macro-detritivores", "mountain pastures", "Ecology", "COW", "national", "collembola", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "Coleoptera", "salt-marsh", "Collembola", "GROWTH", "grassland", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/72900/1/Published_Version.PDF"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Precipitation Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Properties In California Grassland And Shrubland", "description": "Abstract Soil microbial communities and pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in ecosystem responses to precipitation variability and N deposition. In southern California, ecosystem vulnerability to these environmental change drivers may differ for grassland versus shrubland vegetation types. We hypothesized that (1) these vegetation types would differ in their responses to precipitation and N manipulation; (2) reduced precipitation (\u201cdrought treatment\u201d) would have a negative effect on soil microbial abundance and alter microbial community composition, (3) these changes would be associated with reductions in soil C and N pools, (4) N addition would increase microbial abundance as well as soil C and N pools, and (5) combined drought and N deposition would have offsetting effects on soil properties. We tested these hypotheses at the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment in southern California. Across vegetation types, we found that microbial biomass based on phospholipid fatty acids declined with drought and N addition. Microbial composition differed more strongly by vegetation type than with environmental change treatments. Added precipitation had little effect on microbial biomass but reduced labile C and N pools; these reductions were mitigated by N addition. Drought reduced labile forms of soil C and N, whereas N addition increased labile soil C pools and all soil N pools. Negative effects of drought and N addition were additive for microbial biomass, which could inhibit soil C cycling if both of these environmental changes occur together. Drought interacted with N addition to significantly increase the most labile N pool under the drought\u00a0+\u00a0N treatment, which suggests a build-up of available N under these conditions. These results imply that multiple environmental changes may combine non-additively to affect below-ground microorganisms and soil C and N pools, which may have important consequences for ecosystem services such as productivity, biodiversity, and soil quality in Mediterranean climate regimes of North America.", "keywords": ["Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Soil Science", "Microbial communities", "Shrubland", "veterinary and food sciences", "Carbon and nitrogen cycle", "11. Sustainability", "Global change", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1p4898qc/qt1p4898qc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-10", "title": "The Cover Crop Determines The Amf Community Composition In Soil And In Roots Of Maize After A Ten-Year Continuous Crop Rotation", "description": "Intensive agricultural practices are responsible for soil biological degradation. By stimulating indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cover cropping enhances soil health and promotes agroecosystem sustainability. Still, the legacy effects of cover crops (CCs) and the major factors driving the AM fungal community are not well known; neither is the influence of the specific CC. This work describes a field experiment established in Central Spain to test the effect of replacing winter fallow by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or vetch (Vicia sativa L.) during the intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.). We examined the community composition of the AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil associated with the subsequent cash crop after 10\u202fyears of cover cropping, using Illumina technology. The multivariate analysis showed that the AMF communities under the barley treatment differed significantly from those under fallow, whereas no legacy effect of the vetch CC was detected. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, Ca and microbial biomass carbon were identified as major factors shaping soil AMF communities. Specific AMF taxa were found to play a role in plant uptake of P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cd, which may shed light on the functionality of these taxa. In our conditions, the use of barley as a winter CC appears to be an appropriate choice with respect to promotion of AMF populations and biological activity in agricultural soils with intercropping systems. However, more research on CC species and their legacy effect on the microbial community composition and functionality are needed to guide decisions in knowledge-based agriculture.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Diversity", "Cover cropping", "Grass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "Crop Production", "Legume", "Spain", "Long-term experiment", "Mycorrhizae", "Long-term experiments", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illumina technology", "Mediterranean climate", "Soil Microbiology", "Mycobiome"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-19", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Biomass And Enzyme Activities To The Transient Elevation Of Carbon Dioxide In A Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Abstract Although elevation of CO 2 has been reported to impact soil microbial functions, little information is available on the spatial and temporal variation of this effect. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial response in a northern Colorado shortgrass steppe to a 5-year elevation of atmospheric CO 2 as well as the reversibility of the microbial response during a period of several months after shutting off the CO 2 amendment. The experiment was comprised of nine experimental plots: three chambered plots maintained at ambient CO 2 levels of 360\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol \u22121 (ambient treatment), three chambered plots maintained at 720\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol \u22121 CO 2 (elevated treatment) and three unchambered plots of equal ground area used as controls to monitor the chamber effect. Elevated CO 2 induced mainly an increase of enzyme activities (protease, xylanase, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase) in the upper 5\u00a0cm of the soil and did not change microbial biomass in the soil profile. Since rhizodeposition and newly formed roots enlarged the pool of easily available substrates mainly in the upper soil layers, enzyme regulation (production and activity) rather than shifts in microbial abundance was the driving factor for higher enzyme activities in the upper soil. Repeated soil sampling during the third to fifth year of the experiment revealed an enhancement of enzyme activities which varied in the range of 20\u201380%. Discriminant analysis including all microbiological properties revealed that the enzyme pattern in 1999 and 2000 was dominated by the CO 2 and chamber effect, while in 2001 the influence of elevated CO 2 increased and the chamber effect decreased. Although microbial biomass did not show any response to elevated CO 2 during the main experiment, a significant increase of soil microbial N was detected as a post-treatment effect probably due to lower nutrient (nitrogen) competition between microorganisms and plants in this N-limited ecosystem. Whereas most enzyme activities showed a significant post-CO 2 effect in spring 2002 (following the conclusion of CO 2 enrichment the previous autumn, 2001), selective depletion of substrates is speculated to be the cause for non-significant treatment effects of most enzyme activities later in summer and autumn, 2002. Therefore, additional belowground carbon input mainly entered the fast cycling carbon pool and contributed little to long-term carbon storage in the semi-arid grassland.", "keywords": ["Carbon cycling", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Shortgrass steppe", "Microbial biomass", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "Below ground processes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-10", "title": "Can flooding-induced greenhouse gas emissions be mitigated by trait-based plant species choice?", "description": "Intensively managed grasslands are large sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and important regulators of methane (CH4) consumption and production. The predicted increase in flooding frequency and severity due to climate change could increase N2O emissions and shift grasslands from a net CH4 sink to a source. Therefore, effective management strategies are critical for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from flood-prone grasslands. We tested how repeated flooding affected the N2O and CH4 emissions from 11 different plant communities (Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, and Trifolium repens in monoculture, 2- and 4-species mixtures), using intact soil cores from an 18-month old grassland field experiment in a 4-month greenhouse experiment. To elucidate potential underlying mechanisms, we related plant functional traits to cumulative N2O and CH4 emissions. We hypothesized that traits related with fast nitrogen uptake and growth would lower N2O and CH4 emissions in ambient (non-flooded) conditions, and that traits related to tissue toughness would lower N2O and CH4 emissions in flooded conditions. We found that flooding increased cumulative N2O emissions by 97 fold and cumulative CH4 emissions by 1.6 fold on average. Plant community composition mediated the flood-induced increase in N2O emissions. In flooded conditions, increasing abundance of the grass F. arundinacea was related with lower N2O emissions; whereas increases in abundance of the legume T. repens resulted in higher N2O emissions. In non-flooded conditions, N2O emissions were not clearly mediated by plant traits related with nitrogen uptake or biomass production. In flooded conditions, plant communities with high root carbon to nitrogen ratio were related with lower cumulative N2O emissions, and a lower global warming potential (CO2 equivalent of N2O and CH4). We conclude that plant functional traits related to slower decomposition and nitrogen mineralization could play a significant role in mitigating N2O emissions in flooded grasslands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Methane emissions", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "national", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Floods", "12. Responsible consumption", "Nitrous oxide emissions", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "Flooding", "Intensively managed grassland", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Plant functional traits", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Extreme weather event", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138476"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-11-09T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Stock Maps for Belgium: standard deviation (1 km grid)", "description": "The Belgian soil organic carbon (SOC) stock map for topsoils (0-30 cm) was composed of 2 regional SOC stock maps. For the regional maps a different approach was used for agricultural land as compared to forest. The maps are based on digital soil mapping approaches using empirical models calibrated to predict the SOC stock and using covariates that are available at a sufficient resolution at the regional scale. All maps are strongly dependent on the Belgian Soil Map (texture and drainage parameters). The regional maps were compiled at a finer resolution (10m x 10m and 40m x 40m grid cells). Next they were joined (40m x 40m grid cells) and finally scaled up to the required 1 by 1 km grid cells. This was done using the following tools: block statistics (mean), mosaic to new raster (mean), project to raster, block statistics (mean), resample (nearest neighbour) and project raster. Given the different origins of the individual maps, the uncertainty varies between maps. For instance, a map of the 90% confidence interval of the SOC stocks was produced for agricultural soils in Wallonia based on a Monte Carlo Approach taking into account both the measurement and the model uncertainties. For Flemish forest soils, spatial and analytical uncertainties were taken into account using bootstrapping techniques. For Flemish agricultural soils, the uncertainty reported is the model uncertainty on point estimates for each data point, in which the estimated model parameters are simulated 1000 times as being independent normal distributed variables using their model estimation and standard error as distribution parameters. No additional uncertainty is taken into account for the conversion functions that use the stochastic variables \"bulk density\". The SOC stock maps are the first comprehensive map for Belgium integrating grasslands, croplands and forests. There are two versions of the SOC stock maps for Belgium: 1) resolution of 40m x 40m in the coordinate reference system Lambert72 and 2) resolution of 1km x 1km in the coordinate reference system WGS84. The metadata are available and allow assessing the uncertainties of the stock estimates in the different component maps.", "formats": [{"name": "KML"}], "keywords": ["High value dataset", "akker", "be", "bodem", "bos", "databank-ondergrond-vlaanderen", "departement-omgeving", "dov", "grasland", "koolstof", "landbouw", "ondergrond", "totaal-aan-organische-koolstof", "vlaanderen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vlaamse overheid, Departement Omgeving, Vlaams Planbureau voor Omgeving (VPO)", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://org.belgif.be/id/CbeEstablishmentUnit/2143719695", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://metadata.vlaanderen.be/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/8626aca9-9d5e-414d-92e0-351b0d8d7ba2"}, {"href": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/DataCatalogRecord/8626aca9-9d5e-414d-92e0-351b0d8d7ba2"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34", "name": "item", "description": "c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/c7970c8d-3eaa-42e4-8373-dbdf44f28d34"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-12", "title": "Why Does Rainfall Affect The Trend In Soil Carbon After Converting Pastures To Forests? A Possible Explanation Based On Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "Abstract When trees are planted onto former pastures, soil carbon stocks typically either remain constant or decrease, with decreases more common in regions with higher rainfall. We conducted a modelling analysis to assess whether those changes in soil carbon, especially the interaction with rainfall, could be understood through consideration of nitrogen balances. The study was based on simulations with the whole-system ecophysiological model CenW which allowed explicit modelling of both carbon and nitrogen pools and their fluxes through plants and soil organic matter. We found that in a modelled coniferous forest without excess water input, total system nitrogen stocks remained similar to pre-forestation values because there were few pathways for nitrogen losses, and without biological nitrogen fixation or fertiliser inputs, gains were restricted to small inputs from atmospheric deposition. However, tree biomass and the litter layer accumulated considerable amounts of nitrogen. This accumulation of nitrogen came at the expense of depleting soil nitrogen stocks. With the change from input of grass litter that is low in lignin to forest litter with higher lignin concentration, organic-matter C:N ratios increased so that more carbon could be stored per unit of soil nitrogen which partly negated the effect of reduced nitrogen stocks. The increase in C:N ratios was initially confined to the surface litter layer because of slow transfer of material to the mineral soil. Over a period of decades, soil C:N ratios eventually increased in the soil as well. Simulations with different amounts of precipitation showed that greater amounts of nitrogen were leached from systems where water supply exceeded the plants\u2019 requirements. Reduced nitrogen stocks then caused a subsequent reduction in soil organic carbon stocks. These simulations thus provided a consistent explanation for the observation of greater losses of soil organic carbon in high-rainfall systems after converting pastures to forests. More generally, the simulations showed that explicit modelling of the nitrogen cycle can put important constraints on possible changes in soil-carbon stocks that may occur after land-use change.", "keywords": ["land use change", "Rainfall", "Mitigation", "ecophysiology", "nitrogen cyc Afforestation", "Greenhouse", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "CenW", "Land-use change", "lignin", "Greenhouse effect", "afforestation", "carbon cycle", "Forest", "Reforestation", "Keywords: Carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "atmospheric deposition", "Nitrogen dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "ecological modeling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger M. Gifford, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Lan Bin Guo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61047/5/Kirschbaum_Rainfall_affect_in_soil_carbon.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61047/7/01_Kirschbaum_Why_does_rainfall_affect_the_2008.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52], [11.16, 47.52]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Esterberg Subplot 3 in Esterberg intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas.\nIn SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers.\nA central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change.\nThis dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth.\nTreatment: Esterberg Subplot 3 in Esterberg intensiv\nDevice: Decagon 5TM\nTimescale: Daily average\nDepths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "name": "item", "description": "00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/00682004-c6b9-4c1d-8b40-3afff8bbec69"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83], [11.07, 47.83]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental factors"}, {"id": "water"}, {"id": "Soil analysis"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil amendments"}, {"id": "Soil biology"}, {"id": "Temperature profile"}, {"id": "moisture content"}, {"id": "Temperature"}, {"id": "Soil temperature"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "soil moisture"}, {"id": "temperature"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "farming systems"}, {"id": "Grassland management"}, {"id": "Grassland soils"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "permanent grasslands"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "agricultural practices"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. (e.g. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non-scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \u201cData re-used from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of BonaRes Module A-Project - SUSALPS's research activities.\u201d Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, BonaRes Module A-Project- SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project-SUSALPS and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner/author.)", "updated": "2020-02-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-12-05", "language": "eng", "title": "SUSALPS temperature and volumetric soil water content Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt intensiv", "description": "Grassland is a precious good. Grassland contributes to food security by providing fodder for dairy and beef farming, storing nutrients and increasing biodiversity. These functions that secure the fertility and yields of soil are jeopardized by climate change, especially in monane and alpine areas. In SUSALPS, scientists, authorities and farmers work together to investigate the influence of climate change on i) plant biodiversity, ii) C and N storage, iii) greenhouse gas exchange, iv) socio economic conditions that influence decision making of farmers. A central experimental aspect is the translocation of soil mesocosms from higher elevation to lower elevation (Esterberg site at 1200m, Graswang site at 860m, Fendt at 600m, Bayreuth at 300m). To reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soils, mesocosms from three different subplots approx. 100-300m apart from each other are translocated. Since temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower in lower elevation, the translocated mesocosms experience climate change. This dataset contains daily average soil temperature and volumetric soil water content in 5 and 15 cm depth. Treatment: Graswang Subplot 1 in Fendt intensiv Device: Decagon 5TM Timescale: Daily average Depths: 5 and 15 cm", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["environmental factors", "water", "Soil analysis", "Soil", "soil amendments", "Soil biology", "Temperature profile", "moisture content", "Temperature", "Soil temperature", "soil profile", "soil moisture", "temperature", "farming systems", "Grassland management", "Grassland soils", "grasslands", "permanent grasslands", "agriculture", "agricultural practices", "Climatic change", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "82467", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Kiese, Ralf", "organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ralf.kiese@kit.edu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/217290dd-a23f-4734-96d5-71b878a2fca8", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "name": "item", "description": "07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/07388e86-f38b-469a-9910-6e24af66bbf5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-08-11T00:00:00Z", "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-11", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Reduced Soil Respiration But Increased Its Temperature Sensitivity In A Meadow Grassland On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractUnderstanding anthropogenic influences on soil respiration (Rs) is critical for accurate predictions of soil carbon fluxes, but it is not known how Rs responds to grazing exclusion (GE). Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects of GE on Rs. The exclusion of livestock significantly increased soil moisture and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, but it decreased soil temperature, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and Rs. Regression analysis indicated that the effects of GE on Rs were mainly due to changes in soil temperature, soil moisture, and MBC. Compared with the grazed blocks, GE significantly decreased soil carbon release by 23.6% over the growing season and 21.4% annually, but it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs by 6.5% and 14.2% for the growing season and annually respectively. Therefore, GE may reduce the release of soil carbon from the Tibetan Plateau, but under future climate warming scenarios, the increases in Q10 induced by GE could lead to increased carbon emissions.
", "keywords": ["570", "MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Plant Productivity", "Temperature Sensitivity", "ALPINE GRASSLAND", "630", "Microbial Biomass Carbon", "NORTHERN CHINA", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS", "Grazing Exclusion", "Tibetan Plateau", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Original Research", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "CO2 EFFLUX", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS", "Soil Respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-19", "description": "We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Fossil Fuels", "Switchgrass", "Rotation", "Climate Change", "Crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Soils Carbon Sequestration", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Manufacturing", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Hybrid Poplar", "Poplars", "Cements", "Soil Bulk Density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-26", "title": "Using Shrub Clearing, Draining, And Herbivory To Control Bramble Invasion In Mediterranean Dry Grasslands", "description": "For centuries, the dry grassland of the plain of La Crau (south-eastern France) has been subjected to numerous disturbances resulting in the destruction and the fragmentation of this emblematic rangeland ecosystem of the Mediterranean. Today, this ecosystem is facing a new threat from a proliferating native species, the bramble (Rubus ulmifolius Schott), which preferentially colonizes areas that were formerly cultivated and/or exposed to water infiltration. To identify a strategy for effective control of this colonization, in situ experiments testing disturbance regimes (shrub clearing and/or mixed grazing by sheep and goats) combined with the control of access to water resources (with or without drainage trenches) were undertaken between 2010 and 2013. Only clearing and grazing combined over 3 years led to significant changes in vegetation height and bramble cover as well as modifications in the floristic composition, diversity, similarity, and richness of the plant community. Neither a clearing operation carried out in 2010 alone, nor grazing alone, reduced bramble cover, and neither treatment increased the species richness of the plant community. Similarly, digging drainage trenches had no significant impact either on the plant community or on bramble cover. Our study suggests that only annual mechanical clearing coupled with sheep and goats grazing can significantly reduce bramble cover. This combined restoration treatment needs to be applied for at least 3 consecutive years to induce significant changes and enable this ecosystem to return to the dry grassland succession.", "keywords": ["Population Density", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Sheep", "Mediterranean Region", "Drainage", " Sanitary", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Animals", "France", "Herbivory", "Rubus", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-28", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Content And Composition As Influenced By Soil Management In A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Agro-Silvo-Pastoral System", "description": "Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different long term soil managements on soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality in a semi-arid Mediterranean dehesa-like agro-forestry system (North-East of Sardinia, Italy). Seven soil managements were compared: cork oak forest, pasture under oak trees, open pasture, hay crop under oak trees, open hay crop, grass-covered vineyard and tilled vineyard. Analyses include chemical and spectroscopic (FT-IR) characterization of the humic substances (fulvic acids, humic acids and humin) of the A horizons. Lower amounts of total organic C and humic substances were found in the more disturbed soils such as those of the tilled vineyard, while the other soil managements showed a rather similar pattern for many indices of SOM quality (e.g., HA-C/FA-C, fulvic H/C and humic and fulvic C/N ratios) and for spectroscopic characteristics. These results indicated that the impact of soil management on the humic composition was relatively low for these sub-acid (pH ranging from 5.1 to 6.4) sandy soils under Mediterranean type of climate. The relatively small differences between the forest and the grassland land uses also suggested that the periodical light tillage applied to the grassland did not strongly affect SOM accumulation in the topsoil of this land use. In the oak forest soils, a sharp decrease (\u201377%) of the organic C from the thin A1 to the A2 horizon was observed, which could constrain the resilience of these soils towards disturbance factors, while the grasslands soils, where the organic C sequestration occurred in a thick horizon, may be more resilient. The compared soil managements revealed to be quite conservative, demonstrating that the traditional agro-silvo-pastoral management practices are effective in maintaining relatively good soil quality traits under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Humic substances; Cork oak forest; Wooded grassland; Vineyard; FTIR spectroscopy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s003740050613", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Changes In Soil Microbial Biomass, Metabolic Quotient, And Organic Matter Turnover Under Hieracium (H-Pilosella L.)", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hieracium invasion", "Organic C and N turnover", "Microbial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "High country", "Tussock grassland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050613"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050613", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050613", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050613"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-23", "title": "Aboveground Productivity And Root-Shoot Allocation Differ Between Native And Introduced Grass Species", "description": "Plant species in grasslands are often separated into groups (C(4) and C(3) grasses, and forbs) with presumed links to ecosystem functioning. Each of these in turn can be separated into native and introduced (i.e., exotic) species. Although numerous studies have compared plant traits between the traditional groups of grasses and forbs, fewer have compared native versus introduced species. Introduced grass species, which were often introduced to prevent erosion or to improve grazing opportunities, have become common or even dominant species in grasslands. By virtue of their abundances, introduced species may alter ecosystems if they differ from natives in growth and allocation patterns. Introduced grasses were probably selected nonrandomly from the source population for forage (aboveground) productivity. Based on this expectation, aboveground production is predicted to be greater and root mass fraction to be smaller in introduced than native species. We compared root and shoot distribution and tissue quality between introduced and native C(4) grass species in the Blackland Prairie region of Central Texas, USA, and then compared differences to the more well-studied divergence between C(4) grasses and forbs. Comparisons were made in experimental monocultures planted with equal-sized transplants on a common soil type and at the same density. Aboveground productivity and C:N ratios were higher, on average, in native grasses than in native forbs, as expected. Native and introduced grasses had comparable amounts of shallow root biomass and tissue C:N ratios. However, aboveground productivity and total N were lower and deep root biomass and root mass fraction were greater in native than introduced grasses. These differences in average biomass distribution and N could be important to ecosystems in cases where native and introduced grasses have been exchanged. Our results indicate that native-introduced status may be important when interpreting species effects on grassland processes like productivity and plant N accumulation.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Invasive species", "Nitrogen", "Exotic species", "Root biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Texas", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Introduced species", "Grasslands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Agricultural Science", "Tallgrass prairie", "Ecosystem", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-1904-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-25", "title": "Rapid Top-Down Regulation Of Plant C:N:P Stoichiometry By Grasshoppers In An Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Understanding how food web interactions alter the processing of limiting nutrient elements is an important goal of ecosystem ecology. An experiment manipulating densities of the grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus was performed to assess top-down effects of grasshoppers on C:N:P stoichiometry of plants and soil in a grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia (China). With increased grasshopper feeding, plant biomass declined fourfold, litter abundance increased 30%, and the plant community became dominated by non-host plant taxa. Plant stoichiometric response depended on whether or not the plant was a grasshopper host food species: C:N and C:P ratios increased with increasing grasshopper density (GD) for host plants but decreased in non-host plants. These data suggest either a direct transfer of grasshopper-recycled nutrients from host to non-host plants or a release of non-host plants from nutrient competition with heavily grazed host plants. Litterfall C:N and C:P decreased across moderate levels of grasshopper density but no effects on C:N:P stoichiometry in the surface soil were observed, possibly due to the short experimental period. Our observations of divergent C:N:P stoichiometric response among plant species highlight the important role of grasshopper herbivory in regulating plant community structure and nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["Male", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Grasshoppers", "Mongolia", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Animals", "Female", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1904-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-1904-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-1904-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-1904-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Full Accounting Of The Greenhouse Gas (Co2, N2o, Ch4) Budget Of Nine European Grassland Sites", "description": "The full greenhouse gas balance of nine contrasted grassland sites covering a major climatic gradient over Europe was measured during two complete years. The sites include awide range ofmanagement regimes (rotational grazing, continuous grazing andmowing), the three main types of managed grasslands across Europe (sown, intensive permanent and semi-natural grassland) and contrasted nitrogen fertilizer supplies. At all sites, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was assessed using the eddy covariance technique.N2Oemissions weremonitored using various techniques (GC-cuvette systems, automated chambers and tunable diode laser) and CH4 emissions resulting from enteric fermentation of the grazing cattle were measured in situ at four sites using the SF6 tracer method. Hence, when expressed in CO2-C equivalents, emissions of N2O and CH4 resulted in a 19% offset of the NEE sink activity. An attributedGHG balance has been calculated by subtracting fromthe NBP: (i)N2OandCH4 emissions occurring within the grassland plot and (ii) off-site emissions ofCO2 andCH4 as a result of the digestion and enteric fermentation by cattle of the cut herbage.The net exchanges by the grassland ecosystems of CO2 and of GHG were highly correlated with the difference in carbon used by grazing versus cutting, indicating that cut grasslands have a greater on-site sink activity than grazed grasslands. However, the net biome productivity was significantly correlated to the total C used by grazing and cutting, indicating that, on average, net carbon storage declines with herbage utilisation for herbivores", "keywords": ["Livestock", "330", "net ecosystem exchange", "NITROUS OXIDE", "native tallgrass prairie", "GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE", "Nitrogen cycle", "Carbon sequestration;", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxide", "primary productivity", "METHANE", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "NITROGEN CYCLE", "nitrogen cycle", "soil carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "land management", "LIVESTOCK", "sequestration", "livestock grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "nitrous-oxide emissions", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Nitrous oxide;", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "environment", "Methane", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-04", "title": "Sheep Grazing Decreases Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Pools In The Patagonian Steppe: Combination Of Direct And Indirect Effects", "description": "We explored the net effects of grazing on soil C and N pools in a Patagonian shrub\u2013grass steppe (temperate South America). Net effects result from the combination of direct impacts of grazing on biogeochemical characteristics of microsites with indirect effects on relative cover of vegetated and unvegetated microsites. Within five independent areas, we sampled surface soils in sites subjected to three grazing intensities: (1) ungrazed sites inside grazing exclosures, (2) moderately grazed sites adjacent to them, and (3) intensely grazed sites within the same paddock. Grazing significantly reduced soil C and N pools, although this pattern was clearest in intensely grazed sites. This net effect was due to the combination of a direct reduction of soil N content in bare soil patches, and indirect effects mediated by the increase of the cover of bare soil microsites, with lower C and N content than either grass or shrub microsites. This increase in bare soil cover was accompanied by a reduction in cover of preferred grass species and standing dead material. Finally, stable isotope signatures varied significantly among grazed and ungrazed sites, with \u03b415N and \u03b413C significantly depleted in intensely grazed sites, suggesting reduced mineralization with increased grazing intensity. In the Patagonian steppe, grazing appears to exert a negative effect on soil C and N cycles; sound management practices must incorporate the importance of species shifts within life form, and the critical role of standing dead material in maintaining soil C and N stocks and biogeochemical processes.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "ARGENTINA", "SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS", "STABLE ISOTOPES", "DESERTIFICATION", "\u039413C", "SHRUB-GRASS STEPPE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BIOGEOCHEMISTRY", "Δ13C", "01 natural sciences", "LIFE FORMS", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "\u03b415N"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9252-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-22", "title": "Effects Of Warming, Summer Drought, And Co2 Enrichment On Aboveground Biomass Production, Flowering Phenology, And Community Structure In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Future climate scenarios predict simultaneous changes in environmental conditions, but the impacts of multiple climate change drivers on ecosystem structure and function remain unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the responses of an upland grassland ecosystem to the 2080 climate scenario predicted for the study area (3.5A degrees C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer precipitation, atmospheric CO2 levels of 600 ppm) over three growing seasons. We also assessed whether patterns of grassland response to a combination of climate change treatments could be forecast by ecosystem responses to single climate change drivers. Effects of climate change on aboveground production showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation; April biomass increased in response to both warming and the simultaneous application of warming, summer drought, and CO2 enrichment, whereas October biomass responses were either non-significant or negative depending on the year. Negative impacts of summer drought on production were only observed in combination with a below-average rainfall regime, and showed lagged effects on spring biomass. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on aboveground biomass during this study. Both warming and the 2080 climate change scenario were associated with a significant advance in flowering time for the dominant grass species studied. However, flowering phenology showed no significant response to either summer drought or elevated CO2. Species diversity and equitability showed no response to climate change treatments throughout this study. Overall, our data suggest that single-factor warming experiments may provide valuable information for projections of future ecosystem changes in cool temperate grasslands.", "keywords": ["free air CO2 enrichment", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "interannual variation", "vegetation dynamics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland productivity", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-29", "title": "Biotic And Abiotic Changes In Ecosystem Structure Over A Shrub-Encroachment Gradient In The Southwestern Usa", "description": "In this study, we investigate changes in ecosystem structure that occur over a gradient of land-degradation in the southwestern USA, where shrubs are encroaching into native grassland. We evaluate a conceptual model which posits that the development of biotic and abiotic structural connectivity is due to ecogeomorphic feedbacks. Three hypotheses are evaluated: 1. Over the shrub-encroachment gradient, the difference in soil properties under each surface-cover type will change non-linearly, becoming increasingly different; 2. There will be a reduction in vegetation cover and an increase in vegetation-patch size that is concurrent with an increase in the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties over the shrub-encroachment gradient; and 3. Over the shrub-encroachment gradient, the range at which soil properties are autocorrelated will progressively exceed the range at which vegetation is autocorrelated. Field-based monitoring of vegetation and soil properties was carried out over a shrub-encroachment gradient at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico, USA. Results of this study show that vegetation cover decreases over the shrub-encroachment gradient, but vegetation-patch size increases, with a concurrent increase in the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. Typically, there are significant differences in soil properties between non-vegetated and vegetated surfaces, but for grass and shrub patches, there are only significant differences for the biotic soil properties. Results suggest that it is the development of larger, well-connected, non-vegetated patches that is most important in driving the overall behavior of shrub-dominated sites. Results of this study support the hypothesis that feedbacks of functional connectivity reinforce the development of structural connectivity, which increases the resilience of the shrub-dominated state, and thus makes it harder for grasses to re-establish and reverse the vegetation change.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "Ecohydrology", "Function - Land degradation.", "Structure", "910", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Spatial autocorrelation", "Shrubland", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Turnbull, Laura, Brazier, Richard E., Wainwright, John, Bol, Roland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Climate Change Drivers On Nitrous Oxide Fluxes In An Upland Temperate Grassland", "description": "Despite increasing interest in the patterns of trace gas emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, little is known about the impacts of climate change on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the three main drivers of climate change (warming, summer drought, and elevated CO2 concentrations) on N2O fluxes from an extensively managed, upland grassland. Over a 2-year period, we monitored N2O fluxes in an in situ ecosystem manipulation experiment simulating the climate predicted for the study area in 2080 (3.5\u00b0C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer rainfall and atmospheric CO2 levels of 600\u00a0ppm). N2O fluxes showed significant seasonal and interannual variation irrespective of climate treatment, and were higher in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring. Overall, N2O emissions showed a positive correlation with soil temperature and rainfall. Elevated temperature had a positive impact on mean annual N2O fluxes but effects were only significant in 2007. Contrary to expectations, neither combined summer drought and warming nor the simultaneous application of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, summer drought and warming had any significant effect on annual N2O fluxes. However, the maximum N2O flux rates observed during the study occurred when elevated CO2 was combined with warming and drought, suggesting the potential for important, short-term N2O\u2013N losses in enriched CO2 environments. Taken together, our results suggest that the N2O responses of temperate, extensively managed grasslands to future climate change scenarios may be primarily driven by temperature effects.", "keywords": ["ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "550", "warming", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "N2O EMISSIONS", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "FERTILIZATION", "SOIL-MICROORGANISMS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "WATER-CONTENT", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide emission", "elevated CO(2)", "LAND-USE", "interannual variation", "grasslands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS PRODUCTION", "FILLED PORE-SPACE", "DIFFERENTLY MANAGED GRASSLANDS", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9405-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-015-9868-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-03", "title": "Soil Microbes Compete Strongly With Plants For Soil Inorganic And Amino Acid Nitrogen In A Semiarid Grassland Exposed To Elevated Co2 And Warming", "description": "Free amino acids (FAAs) in soil are an important N source for plants, and abundances are predicted to shift under altered atmospheric conditions such as elevated CO2. Composition, plant uptake capacity, and plant and microbial use of FAAs relative to inorganic N forms were investigated in a temperate semiarid grassland exposed to experimental warming and free-air CO2 enrichment. FAA uptake by two dominant grassland plants, Bouteloua gracilis and Artemesia frigida, was determined in hydroponic culture. B. gracilis and microbial N preferences were then investigated in experimental field plots using isotopically labeled FAA and inorganic N sources. Alanine and phenylalanine concentrations were the highest in the field, and B. gracilis and A. frigida rapidly consumed these FAAs in hydroponic experiments. However, B. gracilis assimilated little isotopically labeled alanine, ammonium and nitrate in the field. Rather, soil microbes immobilized the majority of all three N forms. Elevated CO2 and warming did not affect plant or microbial uptake. FAAs are not direct sources of N for B. gracilis, and soil microbes outcompete this grass for organic and inorganic N when N is at peak demand within temperate semiarid grasslands.", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "amino acids", "570", "15N", "grasslands", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "soil microbiology", "nitrogen", "630", "6. Clean water", "nitrogen uptake", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "13C", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9868-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-015-9868-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-015-9868-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-015-9868-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-15", "title": "Managing Invasions At The Cost Of Native Habitat? An Experimental Test Of The Impact Of Fire On The Invasion Of Chromolaena Odorata In A South African Savanna", "description": "Successfully managing invasive plants in natural systems is extremely difficult. Recently however, progress has been made with an approach focused on changing ecosystem processes through the disturbance regime. We performed a large-scale (3 ha) full-factorial field experiment in densely invaded woodland in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, a savanna reserve in South Africa, to study the effect of fire on the control of the pan-tropical invasive exotic shrub Chromolaena odorata in combination with the conventional method, i.e. manual clearing and herbicide application. We show how fire interacted with the conventional clearing of C. odorata and induced an intense canopy fire that caused a shift from woodland to grassland. After 2.5 years of monitoring, grasses were still dominant and re-invasion minimal. It is important to note that fire without prior clearing did not have the same effect and was not successful in reducing densities of C. odorata. An integrated control practice targeting the species with mechanical and chemical methods, while simultaneously targeting its habitat through fire, effectively controlled dense C. odorata thickets during the course of the experiment. However, this approach transformed regular surface fires into high-intensity canopy fires that are rare in savannas. We discuss how this altered fire regime may threaten native habitats, including fire-sensitive forest patches and riverine woodlands within the savanna mozaic. This is an important dilemma for managers that should not be overlooked and asks for long-term data on the impact of control programs on the native vegetation.
", "keywords": ["ALIEN PLANTS", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "BURN AGRICULTURE", "Ecology", "Conservation", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "ECOLOGY", "01 natural sciences", "Integrative management", "Tree-grass dynamics", "Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park", "BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS", "EUPATORIUM-ODORATUM", "NATURE RESERVES", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Biological invasions", "NATIONAL-PARK", "ENVIRONMENTS FOLLOWING SLASH", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "TROPICAL SAVANNAS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Invasions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-05", "title": "Carbon Storage In Livestock Systems With And Without Live Fences Of Gliricidia Sepium In The Humid Tropics Of Mexico", "description": "Open AccessAgroforestry systems (AFS) play a major role in the sequestration of carbon (C). The objectives of this study were to quantify the organic C stocks in the above- and below-ground tree biomass and in the soil in a cattle-farming system with live fences (CFSLF) of Gliricidia sepium and to compare the levels with those of a cattle-farming system based on a grass monoculture (CFSGM). The methodology included a forest inventory in nine randomly assigned plots and the destructive sampling of G. sepium 32 trees, measuring for each tree the diameter at breast height (DBH), stem height, total tree height, branch weight, leaf weight and coarse root weight. In addition, we measured grass biomass, collected litterfall and collected soil samples at depths of 0\u201310, 10\u201320 and 20\u201330\u00a0cm in the plots. A logarithmic model was developed to quantify the above- and below-ground tree biomass. The soil organic matter was determined by the dry combustion method. The total carbon stored in the CFSLF was 119.82\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121, with the G. sepium trees contributing 5.7\u00a0% of the total C (6.48\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). The CFSGM stored 113.34\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121. The grass biomass stored 15.32\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the CFSGM and 15.68\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the CFSLF, and the litterfall in the CFSLF stored 0.205\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Despite the modest contribution of G. sepium trees to the C storage, the total carbon accumulated in the CFSLF and CFSGM was similar.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Prediction equation", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Woody forage", "Grass monoculture", "Silvopastoral systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-007-9071-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-08", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Storage In Mountain Grasslands Of The Pyrenees: Effects Of Climate And Topography", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Topography", "13. Climate action", "Climate", "Pyrenees", "Soil organic carbon storage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mountain grasslands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9071-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-007-9071-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-007-9071-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-007-9071-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-015-0159-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-17", "title": "Mediation Of Soil C Decomposition By Arbuscular Mycorrizhal Fungi In Grass Rhizospheres Under Elevated Co2", "description": "Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) function has mostly been studied from the plant perspective, but there is a shortage of empirical assessments of their ecosystem level impacts on soil carbon (C). Our understanding of the role of AMF on C processing belowground has been restricted mostly to fresh plant residues, not stabilized soil organic matter. The mechanisms by which elevated CO2 (eCO2) alter soil C remain an open question but AMF likely play a role via C and nutrients, which could in turn, be plant species dependent. We assessed AMF as mediators of C processing in the rhizosphere of two grasses under eCO2. We exposed a C4 and a C3 grass to a combination of ambient and eCO2 with and without modification of the AMF communities and using stable isotopes quantified the respiration of native soil C (as rhizosphere priming), its contribution to dissolved and microbial C and the final remaining C pool. The AMF treatment impacted soil C respiration under the C3-plant and only under eCO2. eCO2 suppressed decomposition (negative priming) but this effect disappeared when the AMF community was reduced. In contrast to studies of fresh plant residues suggesting that AMF can enhance C loss, our observations indicate that AMF may promote C storage in the soil organic matter pool. Results support that AMF can mediate the effect of eCO2 on soil C in the rhizosphere of some plant species, a potential mechanism explaining variation in impacts of eCO2 on soil C storage and C balances across species and ecosystems.", "keywords": ["vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "grasses", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rhizosphere", "biodegradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0159-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-015-0159-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-015-0159-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-015-0159-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-01", "title": "Relationship Between Plant Biodiversity And Heavy Metal Bioavailability In Grasslands Overlying An Abandoned Mine", "description": "Abandoned metal mines in the Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid, Spain, are often located in areas of high ecological value. This is true of an abandoned barium mine situated in the heart of a bird sanctuary. Today the area sustains grasslands, interspersed with oakwood formations of Quercus ilex and heywood scrub (Retama sphaerocarpa L.), used by cattle, sheep and wild animals. Our study was designed to establish a relationship between the plant biodiversity of these grasslands and the bioavailability of heavy metals in the topsoil layer of this abandoned mine. We conducted soil chemical analyses and performed a greenhouse evaluation of the effects of different soil heavy metal concentrations on biodiversity. The greenhouse bioassays were run for 6 months using soil samples obtained from the mine polluted with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) and from a control pasture. Soil heavy metal and Na concentrations, along with the pH, had intense negative effects on plant biodiversity, as determined through changes in the Shannon index and species richness. Numbers of grasses, legumes, and composites were reduced, whilst other species (including ruderals) were affected to a lesser extent. Zinc had the greatest effect on biodiversity, followed by Cd and Cu. When we compared the sensitivity of the biodiversity indicators to the different metal content variables, pseudototal metal concentrations determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were the most sensitive, followed by available and soluble metal contents. Worse correlations between biodiversity variables and metal variables were shown by pseudototal contents obtained by plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Our results highlight the importance of using as many different indicators as possible to reliably assess the response shown by plants to heavy metal soil pollution.", "keywords": ["Polluted soils", "2. Zero hunger", "Sodium", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Ba", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Cd", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Grasslands", "Metals", " Heavy", "Zn", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Alfa diversity", "Shannon index", "Pb", "Cu", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hern\u00e1ndez, Ana Jes\u00fas, Pastor Pi\u00f1eiro, Jes\u00fas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Geochemistry%20and%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-11", "description": "Sandy grassland restoration is a vital process including re-structure of soils, restoration of vegetation, and soil functioning in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil fungal community is a complex and critical component of soil functioning and ecological balance due to its roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling following sandy grassland restoration. In this study, soil fungal community and its relationship with environmental factors were examined along a habitat gradient of sandy grassland restoration: mobile dunes (MD), semi-fixed dunes (SFD), fixed dunes (FD), and grassland (G). It was found that species abundance, richness, and diversity of fungal community increased along with the sandy grassland restoration. The sequences analysis suggested that most of the fungal species (68.4 %) belonged to the phylum of Ascomycota. The three predominant fungal species were Pleospora herbarum, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, and Deconica Montana, accounting for more than one fourth of all the 38 species. Geranomyces variabilis was the subdominant species in MD, Pseudogymnoascus destructans and Mortierella alpine were the subdominant species in SFD, and P. destructans and Fungi incertae sedis were the dominant species in FD and G. The result from redundancy analysis (RDA) and stepwise regression analysis indicated that the vegetation characteristics and soil properties explain a significant proportion of the variation in the fungal community, and aboveground biomass and C:N ratio are the key factors to determine soil fungal community composition during sandy grassland restoration. It was suggested that the restoration of sandy grassland combined with vegetation and soil properties improved the soil fungal diversity. Also, the dominant species was found to be alternative following the restoration of sandy grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Soil", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Desert Climate", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-017-5947-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-14", "description": "Understanding the responses of vegetation characteristics and soil properties to grazing disturbance is useful for grassland ecosystem restoration and management in semiarid areas. Here, we examined the effects of long-term grazing on vegetation characteristics, soil properties, and their relationships across four grassland types (meadow, Stipa steppe, scattered tree grassland, and sandy grassland) in the Horqin grassland, northern China. Our results showed that grazing greatly decreased vegetation cover, aboveground plant biomass, and root biomass in all four grassland types. Plant cover and aboveground biomass of perennials were decreased by grazing in all four grasslands, whereas grazing increased the cover and biomass of shrubs in Stipa steppe and of annuals in scattered tree grassland. Grazing decreased soil carbon and nitrogen content in Stipa steppe and scattered tree grassland, whereas soil bulk density showed the opposite trend. Long-term grazing significantly decreased soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in annual-dominated sandy grassland. Soil moisture in fenced and grazed grasslands decreased in the following order of meadow, Stipa steppe, scattered tree grassland, and sandy grassland. Correlation analyses showed that aboveground plant biomass was significantly positively associated with the soil carbon and nitrogen content in grazed and fenced grasslands. Species richness was significantly positively correlated with soil bulk density, moisture, EC, and pH in fenced grasslands, but no relationship was detected in grazed grasslands. These results suggest that the soil carbon and nitrogen content significantly maintains ecosystem function in both fenced and grazed grasslands. However, grazing may eliminate the association of species richness with soil properties in semiarid grasslands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5947-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-017-5947-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-017-5947-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-017-5947-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-17", "description": "As the main form of land use and human disturbance of grassland, livestock grazing has great influences on the soil resources and plant communities. This study observed the variation of soil properties and community characteristics of four treatments of different grazing intensity (no grazing, UG; light grazing, LG; moderate grazing, MG; and heavy grazing, HG) in an alpine meadow of Sichuan Province on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that grazing increased the pH, soil bulk density (BD), and contents of total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), and the BD increased while the others decreased with the grazing intensity. At the community level, with the increase of the grazing intensity, the vegetation coverage (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.61, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), mean height of community (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), aboveground biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.54, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), litter biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.84, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and percentage of aboveground biomass of palatable grasses to total biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.74, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) significantly decreased, while the belowground biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.72, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.65, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) increased. The species richness was the greatest at LG and the total biomass at UG. With grazing, the dominant species of the plant community shifted from palatable grasses (Gramineae and Cyperaceae) to unpalatable grasses (Compositae and Ranunculaceae). Based on the results, LG may be the optimal grassland management mode to be used in the long time in the alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Livestock", "Nitrogen", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Herbivory"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-10", "title": "Response Of Bulk Chemical Composition, Lignin And Carbohydrate Signature To Grassland Conversion In A Ley-Arable Cropping System", "description": "Grassland conversion is a common practice in ley-arable cropping systems. The effects of such a disturbance on soil organic matter status and its consequences for biogeochemical cycles in terms of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated changes occurring in soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, bulk chemical composition and in lignin as well as carbohydrate signature during 2 years after grassland conversion into arable land. Our results showed a rapid SOM decrease in the first few months after the conversion. The bulk chemical composition as seen by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was similar under grassland and arable land, whereas different landuse had an impact on the contribution of plant litter compounds to SOM. SOM of arable soil had higher lignin contents and lower contents of non-cellulosic neutral carbohydrates than grassland soil. After grassland conversion, the most prominent change was an increase of the SOM\u2019s content of non-cellulosic carbohydrate above the contents recorded for grassland or arable land. Principal component analysis indicated that SOM chemical characteristics of converted grassland even after 2 years are similar to those of initial grassland. We conclude that the chemical composition of SOM is less susceptible to rapid change and that re-installation of grassland within some years will safeguard the initial SOM status in ley-arable rotations.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "GRASSLAND", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "RETOURNEMENT DE PRAIRIE", "15. Life on land", "GRASSLAND CONVERSION", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "ORGANIC CARBON", "BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE", "CHEMISTRY", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rumpel, Corn\u00e9lia, Chabbi, Abad,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10980-024-02037-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-12", "title": "Combining local monitoring data and scientific models to prioritize conservation for European ground squirrel and safeguard grassland habitats", "description": "Context: Promoting grassland habitat networks within agricultural landscapes is essential for supporting biodiversity. However, the characteristics of these networks are often poorly documented, making it difficult to prioritize conservation strategies and effectively protect grassland-dependent species. Objectives: We set to identify conservation priorities for (semi)natural grasslands by assessing habitat network characteristics based on a combination of monitoring data and scientific model output for European Ground Squirrel (EGS), a keystone grassland specialist, in agricultural settings of northern Serbia. Methods: We used the spatially explicit model, LARCH, to determine the current habitat networks and available monitoring data on presence/absence and habitat suitability together with Circuitscape to better understand the characteristics of those networks. The combination of modeling results and monitoring data was used to prioritize conservation measures for each network to support a stable and viable EGS metapopulation. Results: We identified 15 habitat networks. Our analysis showed that two of these need no interventions, but most of them need a mix of improving habitat quality and connections within and between the networks to support local populations and the metapopulation overall. Conclusions: Results revealed areas in which spatial adaptation measures (e.g., grassland restoration and corridor development) should be deployed to accommodate the long-term survival of EGS. It might be considered to stop conservation efforts in some abandoned networks as the network characteristics are too poor, and resources should be used to improve habitat networks that are still occupied. Our findings may guide the conservation of (semi)natural grasslands and future sustainable land-use planning in intensively farmed landscapes.", "keywords": ["European ground squirrel", "Connectivity", "Habitat monitoring data", "Grasslands", "Presence/absence data", "Conservation", "Presence/ absence data", "Habitat networks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10980-024-02037-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-02037-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Landscape%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10980-024-02037-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10980-024-02037-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10980-024-02037-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-2267-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-31", "title": "Liming And Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Phosphatase Activities, Microbial Biomass And Mycorrhizal Colonisation In Upland Grassland", "description": "We have studied the effects of factorial combinations of lime and N additions on soil microbial biomass, respiration rates and phosphatase activity of an upland grassland. We also used an Agrostis capillaris seedling bioassay to assess the effect of the treatments on the activity of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and root surface phosphatase enzymes and the concentrations of N and P in the bioassay plant shoots. In the F and H horizons, soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) decreased in response to the liming, while addition of lime and N together reduced basal respiration rates. In the Ah horizon, Cmic was unaffected by the treatments but basal respiration rates decreased in the plots receiving nitrogen. Soil phosphatase activity decreased only in the Ah horizon in plots receiving lime, either in combination with N or alone. The mass of root fwt. colonized by AM fungi increased in response to the treatments in the order nitrogenSemi\uffe2\uff80\uff90natural grasslands are an important habitat for endangered plant and animal species. In grasslands, low\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity livestock grazing is frequently applied as a tool for nature conservation. We aim to investigate how different livestock species in various densities influence the state and flower production of a single plant species by selective defoliation and/or trampling. We hypothesized that (1) moderate stocking densities would cause more damage than low, and that (2) horses would cause more damage than cattle due to their higher activity. The experiment took place in a salt marsh in the Netherlands where grazing treatments with horses and cattle in two stocking densities were installed. Damage to individual Aster tripolium plants and number of flower heads were recorded at the end of the grazing season in late September. We found (1) more damage and fewer flower heads in moderate stocking densities compared to low densities. However, a reduction of flower heads by higher stocking densities was less clear with cattle. No clear difference (2) between livestock species was found, due to opposite trends in moderate and low densities. At low stocking densities, cattle caused more damage by selective defoliation. At moderate densities, horses caused more damage, because of their higher mobility, which led to damage by trampling. We conclude that the response of Aster to grazing is strongly affected by behavioral differences between livestock species. Grazing experiments and management schemes for semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90natural grasslands should therefore not only consider stocking densities, but also livestock species to reach desired conservation goals.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Salt marsh", "AVAILABILITY", "WADDEN SEA", "VEGETATION CHANGE", "EUROPAEA L", "15. Life on land", "Horse", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Grazing", "REPRODUCTION", "Semi-natural grassland", "SALT-MARSH", "RESOURCE", "Cattle", "TOLERANCE", "HERBIVORY", "PERENNIAL HERB"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-25", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage By Switchgrass Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for bioenergy production require data on soil organic carbon (SOC) change and harvested C yields to accurately estimate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date, nearly all information on SOC change under switchgrass has been based on modeled assumptions or small plot research, both of which do not take into account spatial variability within or across sites for an agro-ecoregion. To address this need, we measured change in SOC and harvested C yield for switchgrass fields on ten farms in the central and northern Great Plains, USA (930 km latitudinal range). Change in SOC was determined by collecting multiple soil samples in transects across the fields prior to planting switchgrass and again 5 years later after switchgrass had been grown and managed as a bioenergy crop. Harvested aboveground C averaged 2.5\u00b1 0.7 Mg C ha \u22121 over the 5 year study. Across sites, SOC increased significantly at 0-30 cm (P=0.03) and 0-120 cm (P=0.07), with accrual rates of 1.1 and 2.9 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 (4.0 and 10.6 Mg CO2 ha \u22121 year \u22121 ), respectively. Change in SOC across sites varied considerably, however, ranging from \u22120.6 to 4.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 for the 0-30 cm depth. Such variation in SOC change must be taken into consideration in LCAs. Net GHG emissions from bioenergy crops vary in space and time. Such variation, coupled with an increased reliance on agriculture for energy production, underscores the need for long-term environmental monitor- ing sites in major agro-ecoregions.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Greenhouse gas balance", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Plant Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Perennial biofeedstocks", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "630", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebig, Mark A., Schmer, Marty R., Vogel, Kenneth P., Mitchell, Robert B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration By Switchgrass And No-Till Maize Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Net benefits of bioenergy crops, including maize and perennial grasses such as switchgrass, are a function of several factors including the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered by these crops. Life cycle assessments (LCA) for bioenergy crops have been conducted using models in which SOC information is usually from the top 30 to 40 cm. Information on the effects of crop management practices on SOC has been limited so LCA models have largely not included any management practice effects. In the first 9 years of a long-term C sequestration study in eastern Nebraska, USA, switchgrass and maize with best management practi- ces had average annual increases in SOC per hectare that exceed 2 Mg Cyear \ufffd1 (7.3 Mg CO2year \ufffd1 ) for the 0 to 150 soil depth. For both switchgrass and maize, over 50 % of the increase in SOC was below the 30 cm depth. SOC seques- tration by switchgrass was twofold to fourfold greater than that used in models to date which also assumed no SOC sequestration by maize. The results indicate that N fertilizer rates and harvest management regimes can affect the mag- nitude of SOC sequestration. The use of uniform soil C effects for bioenergy crops from sampling depths of 30 to 40 cm across agro-ecoregions for large scale LCA is questionable.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Switchgrass . Maize", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "soil carbon . Soil organic carbon . Bioenergy . Sustainability . Carbon sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "630", "Maize", "Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "soil carbon", "Agricultural Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil organic", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Follett, Ronald F., Vogel, Kenneth P., Varvel, Gary E., Mitchell, Robert B., Kimble, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-23", "title": "Effects Of Past And Current Disturbance On Carbon Cycling In Grassland Mesocosms", "description": "Abstract In species rich grasslands, management factors may affect carbon storage both directly (e.g. defoliation) and indirectly, by altering plant community structure. We set up a mesocosm experiment to separate these direct and indirect effects. Monoliths were sampled from two plots of a semi-natural, species-rich pasture at Theix (France), which had been subjected to contrasted disturbance levels, high versus low grazing, for 14 years. These monoliths were placed in transparent enclosures in natural light and temperature conditions. At the start of the experiment, half of the monoliths in each disturbance treatment were shifted to the opposite disturbance regime. Above and below ground CO2 fluxes were then measured continuously over 2 years. The net below ground carbon storage was positively correlated (P", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "SOL D'HERBAGES", "GRAZING", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SOIL ORGANIC CARBON", "01 natural sciences", "GREENGRASS", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "RESPIRATION", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-30", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Affects Soil And Plant Communities, But Has No Impact On Soil Carbon Storage In An Upland Grassland", "description": "We evaluated the impact of 7 years of grazing exclusion on vegetation and belowground properties related to soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in grazed, upland grassland in northern England. For this, we compared a landscape-level, moorland restoration project (grazing exclusion) with adjacent continuously grazed acidic grasslands to test whether changes in vegetation composition after restoration impacted on soil properties including soil C storage. Grazing exclusion significantly increased the proportion of dwarf-shrubs at the expense of graminoids. Despite high seasonal variability, this change in vegetation was associated with increased plant litter mass, soil moisture content and the ratio of dissolved organic to inorganic N, and reductions in rates of ammonium mineralisation, soil microbial activity, and microbial biomass N. Our observations suggest that grazing-exclusion as a restoration tool for upland habitats results in a slowing down of rates of C and N cycling. However, as yet, this has had no detectable impact on total C and N stocks in surface soil. Whereas increases in soil C and N stocks might be expected in the longer term, our results suggest that a certain level of grazing is compatible with the provision of ecosystem services such as soil C storage under traditional upland farming practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Uplands", "Calluna vulgaris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Yorkshire Dales", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Grass-dominated ecosystems", "Soil properties", "Grazing management", "Moorland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-29", "title": "Effects Of Grass-Clover Management And Cover Crops On Nitrogen Cycling And Nitrous Oxide Emissions In A Stockless Organic Crop Rotation", "description": "Nitrogen (N) supply in stockless organic farming may be improved through use of grass-clover for anaerobic digestion, producing biogas and digested manure for use as fertilizer in the crop rotation. We studied the effects of grass-clover management on N cycling, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and cash-crop yields in an organic arable crop rotation on a sandy loam soil in a cool temperate climate. The four-course crop rotation included spring barley (with undersown grass-clover), grass-clover, potato and winter wheat (with undersown cover crop). Two fertilization treatments were compared: \u201c\u2212M\u201d where plant material from grass-clover cuts was left in the field to decompose and no fertilizer or manure was applied to any crop in the rotation; and \u201c+M\u201d where plant material from grass-clover cuts was harvested and equivalent amounts of N in digested manure used for fertilization of cash crops in the rotation (spring barley, potato and winter wheat); actual digestion of grass-clover cuttings was not possible, instead digested pig manure was used as substitute for digested grass-clover. Nitrous oxide fluxes were monitored between April 2008 and May 2009. In general, application of digested manure had little or no effect on N2O emissions. Periods of high N2O emissions coincided with cover crop and grass-clover residue turnover, with little added effect of digested manure application. Annual N2O emissions did not vary between fertilization treatments, but the +M treatment had cash crop dry matter yields that were 14% higher than in the \u2212M treatment, and cash crop N yields were increased by 40%. The results show that reallocation of nutrients from grass-clover to cash crops following anaerobic digestion can help solve problems with low N availability. However, issues remain regarding N2O from cover crops and grass-clover in spring.", "keywords": ["anaerobic digestion", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "organic farming", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "grass-clover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GRAS&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GRAS&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GRAS&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GRAS&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 389, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:23:52.993181Z"}