{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-24", "title": "Effect of particle size on the transport of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles through quartz sand under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are contaminants of emerging concern recently found in soil ecosystems. Their presence in terrestrial environments and their migration to aquatic environments may become a risk for the health of ecosystems and, through them, of humans. Understanding the interaction between particle properties and physicochemical and hydrodynamic factors is crucial to evaluate their fate and their potential infiltration towards groundwater. This study investigates the impact of particle size on MNPs transport through sand under unsaturated conditions. Infiltration column experiments with polystyrene MNPs ranging from 120 to 10,000\u00a0nm were conducted and supported by numerical modelling to derive reactive transport parameters. Results show a significant effect of particle size on the transport of MNPs, with higher recovery values observed for smaller particles (120\u00a0nm; 95.11%) compared to larger particles (1000\u00a0nm; 71.44%). No breakthrough was observed for 10,000\u00a0nm particles, indicating a complete retention within the quartz sand matrix. DLVO theory confirmed the dominance of electrostatic repulsive forces between MNPs and sand grains, suggesting an unfavourable environment for MNPs to adhere to quartz sand. Consequently, particle retention in the sand matrix occurs predominantly by physical processes. Equilibrium sorption modelling reveals that larger particles (1000\u00a0nm) tend to be immobilized in small pores throats due to straining, resulting in lower recoveries. When they are not trapped, particles tend to travel faster through preferential flows due to a size exclusion effect, evidenced by shorter arrival times at the column outlet compared to tracers. These findings highlight the influence of particle size on the transport and retention of MNPs in quartz sand under unsaturated conditions and contribute to a better understanding of their transport dynamics and environmental fate.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Q Science (General)", "Quartz", "particle size", "QS Ecology", "nanoplastics", "modelling", "Sand", "Polystyrenes", "Nanoparticles", "Soil Pollutants", "Particle Size", "Plastics", "Groundwater"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rieckhof, Cynthia, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, Virtudes, Holzbecher, Ekkehard, Meffe, Raffaella,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-12", "title": "Effect Of Nutrient Management Planning On Crop Yield, Nitrate Leaching And Sediment Loading In Thomas Brook Watershed", "description": "Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving the program effectiveness for environmental quality protection, and promoting more widespread adoption. Understanding the effect of NMP on both crop yield and key water-quality parameters in agricultural watersheds requires a comprehensive evaluation that takes into consideration important NMP attributes and location-specific farming conditions. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the effects of crop and rotation sequence, tillage type, and nutrient N application rate on crop yield and the associated groundwater [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loss. The SWAT model was applied to the Thomas Brook Watershed, located in the most intensively managed agricultural region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Cropping systems evaluated included seven fertilizer application rates and two tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage and no-till). The analysis reflected cropping systems commonly managed by farmers in the Annapolis Valley region, including grain corn-based and potato-based cropping systems, and a vegetable-horticulture system. ANOVA models were developed and used to assess the effects of crop management choices on crop yield and two water-quality parameters (i.e., [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loading). Results suggest that existing recommended N-fertilizer rate can be reduced by 10-25\u00a0%, for grain crop production, to significantly lower [Formula: see text] leaching (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) while optimizing the crop yield. The analysis identified the nutrient N rates in combination with specific crops and rotation systems that can be used to manage [Formula: see text] leaching while balancing impacts on crop yields within the watershed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Geologic Sediments", "Nitrates", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Policy", "Nova Scotia", "13. Climate action", "Water Quality", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "050e02bbdc40f5a1b1c2a96e104efedf", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:13:53Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Groundwater Monitoring of PFAS in France: Current status and challenges", "description": "Open AccessIn France, two thirds of the water abstracted for drinking water supply comes from groundwater, so monitoring PFAS in this environment is essential to document the spatial distribution and evolutionary dynamics and to anticipate potential impacts on water quality. This article looks at the evolution of PFAS monitoring in groundwater in France and the progress regarding PFAS monitoring challenges adressed in the framework of the H2020 PROMISCES project.", "keywords": ["CIC", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "PFAS", "groundwater", "Fate and transport", "total PFAS analysis"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lions, Julie, Henriot, Abel, Togola, Anne, Lopez, Benjamin, Merly, Corinne,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/050e02bbdc40f5a1b1c2a96e104efedf"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "050e02bbdc40f5a1b1c2a96e104efedf", "name": "item", "description": "050e02bbdc40f5a1b1c2a96e104efedf", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/050e02bbdc40f5a1b1c2a96e104efedf"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-09-24T14:57:55", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "GSI GEMAS European Geochemical Data", "description": "The GEMAS Dataset is based on low density geochemical sampling of agriculture (Ap) and Grassland (Gr) Soils across 34 European countries. Sample density covering an area of 5.6 million km\u00b2 of 1 site each, arable land (0-20\u00a0cm) and land under permanent grass cover (0-10\u00a0cm), per 2\u00a0500\u00a0km\u00b2. The Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and GRAZING Land Soil comprises more than 70 chemical elements and parameters determined on more than 4000 soil samples. The geochemistry of European agriculture and grazing Soils are depicted graphically on maps of the GEMAS geochemical atlas. In 2016 the Geological Survey of Ireland as a European partner contributes to GEMAS and EGDI (European Geological Data Infrastructure) with provision of a GIS Spatial data classification and publication of WMS geochemical web mapping services to support European data interoperability of EGDI web portal. The GIS GEMAS sample classification was constructed in ArcGIS 10.1 and the original GEMAS Dataset is available as ESRI shapefile format.", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI REST"}], "keywords": ["agricultural-soil", "analysis", "arable-land", "arable-land-groundwater", "chemical", "chemistry", "continental-scale", "earth-science", "egdi", "environment", "europe", "european-soil-analysis", "forensic-chemistry", "gemas", "geochemical", "geochemical-analysis", "geochemical-mapping", "geology", "geoscientificinformation", "grazing-land", "groundwater", "heavy-metals", "ie", "ireland", "land", "lithosphere", "mapping", "metal", "micka", "pedosphere", "science", "soil", "soil-nutrient", "toxic-element", "trace-element"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://data.gov.ie/organization/geological-survey-of-ireland", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geus.dk/egdi/?mapname=egdi_new_structure#baslay=baseMapGEUS&optlay=&extent=1237790%2C1796730%2C4849410%2C4619780&%20target=_blank"}, {"href": "https://gemas.eurogeosurveys.org/"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geochemistry/Data/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84.zip"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/server/rest/services/Geochemistry/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84/MapServer"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/server/rest/services/Geochemistry/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84/MapServer?f=pjson"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/server/services/Geochemistry/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4", "name": "item", "description": "0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.14667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-09", "title": "Non\u2010linearity in event runoff generation in a small agricultural catchment", "description": "Abstract

Understanding the role of soil moisture and other controls in runoff generation is important for predicting runoff across scales. This paper aims to identify the degree of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of the relationship between event peak runoff and potential controls for different runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. The study is set in the 66\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria, where discharge was measured at the catchment outlet and for 11 sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90catchments or hillslopes with different runoff generation mechanisms. Peak runoff of 73 events was related to three potential controls: event precipitation, soil moisture and groundwater levels. The results suggest that the hillslopes dominated by ephemeral overland flow exhibit the most non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear runoff generation behaviour for its controls; runoff is only generated above a threshold of 95% of the maximum soil moisture. Runoff generation through tile drains and in wetlands is more linear. The largest winter and spring events at the catchment outlet are caused by runoff from hillslopes with shallow flow paths (ephemeral overland flow and tile drainage mechanisms), while the largest summer events are caused by other hillslopes, those with deeper flow paths or with saturation areas throughout the year. Therefore, the response of the entire catchment is a mix of the various mechanisms, and the groundwater contribution makes the response more linear. The implications for hydrological modelling are discussed.Ongoing and amplified climate change in the Arctic is leading to glacier retreat and to the exposure of an ever\uffe2\uff80\uff90larger portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glaciated permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated landscapes. Warming will also cause more precipitation to fall as rain, further enhancing the thaw of previously frozen ground. Yet, the impact of those perturbations on the geochemistry of Arctic rivers remains a subject of debate. Here, we determined the geochemical composition of waters from various contrasting non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial permafrost catchments and investigated their impact on a glacially dominated river, the Zackenberg River (Northeast Greenland), during late summer (August 2019). We also studied the effect of rainfall on the geochemistry of the Zackenberg River, its non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries, and a nearby independent non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial headwater stream Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse. We analyzed water properties, quantified and characterized dissolved organic matter (DOM) using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy and radiocarbon isotopes, and set this alongside analyses of the major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K), dissolved silicon (Si), and germanium/silicon ratios (Ge/Si). The glacier\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed Zackenberg River contained low concentrations of major cations, dissolved Si and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a Ge/Si ratio typical of bulk rock. Glacial DOM was enriched in protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90like fluorescent DOM and displayed relatively depleted radiocarbon values (i.e., old DOM). Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial streams (i.e., tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse) had higher concentrations of major cations and DOC and DOM enriched in aromatic compounds. They showed a wide range of values for radiocarbon, Si and Ge/Si ratios associated with variable contributions of surface runoff relative to deep active layer leaching. Before the rain event, Zackenberg tributaries did not contribute notably to the solute export of the Zackenberg River, and supra\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost ground waters governed the supply of solutes in Zackenberg tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream. After the rain event, surface runoff modified the composition of Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries strongly increased their contribution to the Zackenberg River solute export. Our results show that summer rainfall events provide an additional source of DOM and Si\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich waters from permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90underlain catchments to the discharge of glacially dominated rivers. This suggests that the magnitude and composition of solute exports from Arctic rivers are modulated by permafrost thaw and summer rain events. This event\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven solute supply will likely impact the carbon cycle in rivers, estuaries, and oceans and should be included into future predictions of carbon balance in these vulnerable Arctic systems.99% at pH\u202f7). The calculated maximum As adsorption capacities on GRSO4 were 160\u202fmg\u202fg-1 (pH\u202f8-9) for As(III) and 105\u202fmg\u202fg-1 (pH\u202f7) for As(V). The presence of other common groundwater ions such as Mg2+ and PO43- reduces the efficiency of As removal, especially at high ionic strengths. Long-term batch adsorption experiments (up to 90\u202fdays) revealed that As-interacted GRSO4 remained stable, with no mineral transformation or release of adsorbed As species. Overall, our work shows that GRSO4 is one of the most effective As adsorbents among iron (oxyhydr)oxide phases.", "keywords": ["660", "13. Climate action", "Arsenic", " Adsorption", " Green rust", " Groundwater treatment", " Iron (oxyhydr)oxide", " Layered double hydroxide", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176720", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-07", "title": "Environmental and socio-economic evaluation of a groundwater bioremediation technology using social Cost-Benefit Analysis: Application to an in-situ metal(loid) precipitation case study", "description": "Bioremediation can be an alternative or complementary approach to conventional soil and water treatment technologies. Determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of bioremediation is important but rarely addressed. This work presents a comprehensive sustainability assessment for a specific groundwater bioremediation case study based on In-situ Metal(loid) Precipitation (ISMP) by conducting a social Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) using two different approaches: environmental Life Cycle Costing (eLCC) and Impact Pathway Approach (IPA). Externalities are calculated in two ways: i) using Environmental Prices (EP) to monetize Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results and metal(loid)s removed at field scale, and ii) following the IPA steps to determine the social costs avoided by removing arsenic contamination at full scale. The results show that, in the baseline scenario, the project is not socio-economically viable in both cases as the Net Present Value (NPV) is -129,512.61 \u20ac and\u00a0-\u00a0415,185,140 \u20ac respectively. Sensitivity and scenario analyses are performed to identify the key parameters and actions needed to reach a positive NPV. For instance, increasing the amount of water treated per year to 90 m3 and assuming a 20\u00a0% increase in operation costs and a 60\u00a0% increase in construction costs can make the project socio-economically viable at the field scale, while a reduction in the social discount rate from a 4\u00a0% to a 2\u00a0% can lead to a positive NPV at the full scale. The approaches proposed in this work may be useful for practitioners and policymakers when evaluating the environmental and socio-economic impacts of bioremediation technologies at different scales and regions, as well as human health impacts caused by contaminants at the current legal limits.", "keywords": ["Bioqu\u00edmica", "570", "550", "Environmental Life Cycle Costing", "Cost-Benefit Analysis", "Life Cycle Assessment", "Biochemistry", "Biorremediaci\u00f3n", "Water Purification", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Metals", "mpact Pathway Approach", "Social Cost-Benefit Analysis", "Groundwater", "Bioremediation", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Jes\u00fas, P\u00e9rez-de-Mora, Alfredo, Santiago-Herrera, Mario, Belloncle, Benjamine, de Wilde, Herwig, Martel-Mart\u00edn, Sonia, Blanco-Alc\u00e1ntara, David, Barros, Roc\u00edo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176720"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176720", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176720", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176720"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-16", "title": "Electro-bioremediation of nitrate and arsenite polluted groundwater.", "description": "The coexistence of different pollutants in groundwater is a common threat. Sustainable and resilient technologies are required for their treatment. The present study aims to evaluate microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) for treating groundwater contaminated with nitrate (NO3-) while containing arsenic (in form of arsenite (As(III)) as a co-contaminant. The treatment was based on the combination of nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas and arsenite oxidation to arsenate (exhibiting less toxicity, solubility, and mobility), which can be removed more easily in further post-treatment. We operated a bioelectrochemical reactor at continuous-flow mode with synthetic contaminated groundwater (33 mg N-NO3- L-1 and 5 mg As(III) L-1) identifying the key operational conditions. Different hydraulic retention times (HRT) were evaluated, reaching a maximum nitrate reduction rate of 519 g N-NO3- m3Net Cathodic Compartment d-1 at HRT of 2.3 h with a cathodic coulombic efficiency of around 100 %. Simultaneously, arsenic oxidation was complete at all HRT tested down to 1.6 h reaching an oxidation rate of up to 90 g As(III) m-3Net Reactor Volume d -1. Electrochemical and microbiological characterization of single granules suggested that arsenite at 5 mg L-1 did not have an inhibitory effect on a denitrifying biocathode mainly represented by Sideroxydans sp. Although the coexistence of abiotic and biotic arsenic oxidation pathways was shown to be likely, microbial arsenite oxidation linked to denitrification by Achromobacter sp. was the most probable pathway. This research paves the ground towards a real application for treating groundwater with widespread pollutants.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Arsenites", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Bioremediaci\u00f3", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "12. Responsible consumption", "Bioelectrochemistry", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies -- Contaminaci\u00f3", "Denitrification", "Groundwater -- Pollution", "Desnitrificaci\u00f3", "Groundwater", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Bioremediation", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Bioelectroqu\u00edmica", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021ms002730", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-17", "title": "Characterising the response of vegetation cover to water limitation in Africa using geostationary satellites", "description": "Abstract

Hydrological interactions between vegetation, soil, and topography are complex, and heterogeneous in semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid landscapes. This along with data scarcity poses challenges for large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale modeling of vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90water interactions. Here, we exploit metrics derived from daily Meteosat data over Africa at ca. 5\uffc2\uffa0km spatial resolution for ecohydrological analysis. Their spatial patterns are based on Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) time series and emphasize limiting conditions of the seasonal wet to dry transition: the minimum and maximum FVC of temporal record, the FVC decay rate and the FVC integral over the decay period. We investigate the relevance of these metrics for large scale ecohydrological studies by assessing their co\uffe2\uff80\uff90variation with soil moisture, and with topographic, soil, and vegetation factors. Consistent with our initial hypothesis, FVC minimum and maximum increase with soil moisture, while the FVC integral and decay rate peak at intermediate soil moisture. We find evidence for the relevance of topographic moisture variations in arid regions, which, counter\uffe2\uff80\uff90intuitively, is detectable in the maximum but not in the minimum FVC. We find no clear evidence for wide\uffe2\uff80\uff90spread occurrence of the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cinverse texture effect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d on FVC. The FVC integral over the decay period correlates with independent data sets of plant water storage capacity or rooting depth while correlations increase with aridity. In arid regions, the FVC decay rate decreases with canopy height and tree cover fraction as expected for ecosystems with a more conservative water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use strategy. Thus, our observation\uffe2\uff80\uff90based products have large potential for better understanding complex vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90water interactions from regional to continental scales.

", "keywords": ["Physical geography", "GROUNDWATER-DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS", "water limitation", "GC1-1581", "geostationary", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "ecohydrology", "ROOTING DEPTH", "ACTIVE-ROLE", "WOODY COVER", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "fractional vegetation cover", "HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "GB3-5030", "MODEL", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "PRECIPITATION", "Africa", "PATTERNS", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021MS002730"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ms002730"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Modeling%20Earth%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2021ms002730", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2021ms002730", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2021ms002730"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021ms002812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-06", "title": "Unsaturated Transport Modeling: Random\u2010Walk Particle\u2010Tracking as a Numerical\u2010Dispersion Free and Efficient Alternative to Eulerian Methods", "description": "Abstract

Lagrangian methods, such as the random\uffe2\uff80\uff90walk particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90tracking (RWPT), are often qualified as a potentially valuable alternative to error\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone Eulerian methods for simulating solute transport in unsaturated porous media. Yet, the RWPT method has not yet been validated against \uffe2\uff80\uff90 and compared to \uffe2\uff80\uff90 currently used Eulerian solutions for simulating solute transport under a range of typical unsaturated conditions. This paper presents a new implementation of the RWPT approach for advective \uffe2\uff80\uff90 dispersive transport problems under variably saturated conditions. We first show that, as previously demonstrated for a heterogeneous dispersion tensor, using an interpolation scheme in the RWPT algorithm performs well for problems with abrupt changes in the water content. The new model is then compared against a simple 1D uniform transport problem, for which an analytical solution exist, and against a variety of 1D and 3D numerical solutions using the different Eulerian schemes implemented in Hydrus software suite. Results show that, while the Eulerian solutions significantly suffer from numerical dispersion in case of a coarse spatial discretization of the simulation domain, the new Lagrangian model provides accurate solutions for all problems. Furthermore, RWPT reproduces accurately solute transport for typical unsaturated flow conditions (infiltration, evaporation). Moreover, the Lagrangian model appears to be orders of magnitude faster than its Eulerian alternative to solve a 3D heterogeneous problem. Thus, RWPT should be seen as an attractive, stable and efficient alternative for simulating solute transport in the vadose zone, especially in case of complex and large problems.Undisturbed peatlands are effective carbon sinks and provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, anthropogenic disturbances, especially land drainage, strongly alter peat soil properties and jeopardize the benefits of peatlands. The effects of disturbances should therefore be assessed and predicted. To support accurate modeling, this study determined the physical and hydraulic properties of intact and disturbed peat samples collected from 59 sites (in total 3,073 samples) in Finland and Norway. The bulk density (BD), porosity, and specific yield (Sy) values obtained indicated that the top layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) at agricultural and peat extraction sites was most affected by land use change. The BD in the top layer at agricultural, peat extraction, and forestry sites was 441%, 140%, and 92% higher, respectively, than that of intact peatlands. Porosity decreased with increased BD, but not linearly. Agricultural and peat extraction sites had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity, Sy, and porosity, and the highest BD of the land use options studied. The van Genuchten\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mualem (vGM) soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity (K) models proved to be applicable for the peat soils tested, providing values of SWRC, K, and vGM\uffe2\uff80\uff90parameters (\uffce\uffb1 and n) for peat layers (top, middle and bottom) under different land uses. A decrease in peat soil water content of \uffe2\uff89\uffa510% reduced the unsaturated K values by two orders of magnitude. This unique data set can be used to improve hydrological modeling in peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated catchments and for fuller integration of peat soils into large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale hydrological models.Lagrangian methods, such as the random\uffe2\uff80\uff90walk particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90tracking (RWPT), are often qualified as a potentially valuable alternative to error\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone Eulerian methods for simulating solute transport in unsaturated porous media. Yet, the RWPT method has not yet been validated against \uffe2\uff80\uff90 and compared to \uffe2\uff80\uff90 currently used Eulerian solutions for simulating solute transport under a range of typical unsaturated conditions. This paper presents a new implementation of the RWPT approach for advective \uffe2\uff80\uff90 dispersive transport problems under variably saturated conditions. We first show that, as previously demonstrated for a heterogeneous dispersion tensor, using an interpolation scheme in the RWPT algorithm performs well for problems with abrupt changes in the water content. The new model is then compared against a simple 1D uniform transport problem, for which an analytical solution exist, and against a variety of 1D and 3D numerical solutions using the different Eulerian schemes implemented in Hydrus software suite. Results show that, while the Eulerian solutions significantly suffer from numerical dispersion in case of a coarse spatial discretization of the simulation domain, the new Lagrangian model provides accurate solutions for all problems. Furthermore, RWPT reproduces accurately solute transport for typical unsaturated flow conditions (infiltration, evaporation). Moreover, the Lagrangian model appears to be orders of magnitude faster than its Eulerian alternative to solve a 3D heterogeneous problem. Thus, RWPT should be seen as an attractive, stable and efficient alternative for simulating solute transport in the vadose zone, especially in case of complex and large problems.Branching river networks are prominent features of the Earth's surface, but the mechanisms that create branching river networks patterns remain elusive. Recent studies have suggested that climate, tectonics, and lithology may control both longitudinal profiles of channel incision and the planform geometry of stream networks. Here we show, by analyzing almost 1 million river junctions and over 4.2 million groundwater wells across the contiguous United States, that stream network branching angles vary systematically with the degree to which streams lose water to, or gain water from, nearby groundwater aquifers. Streams whose surfaces lie above nearby groundwater levels, and thus are likely to be losing flow to underlying aquifers, tend to have narrower branching angles than streams that lie below nearby groundwater levels, and thus are likely to gain flow from groundwater. This systematic relationship persists across several stream orders, and across a wide range in channel gradients.Branching river networks are prominent features of the Earth's surface, but the mechanisms that create branching river networks patterns remain elusive. Recent studies have suggested that climate, tectonics, and lithology may control both longitudinal profiles of channel incision and the planform geometry of stream networks. Here we show, by analyzing almost 1 million river junctions and over 4.2 million groundwater wells across the contiguous United States, that stream network branching angles vary systematically with the degree to which streams lose water to, or gain water from, nearby groundwater aquifers. Streams whose surfaces lie above nearby groundwater levels, and thus are likely to be losing flow to underlying aquifers, tend to have narrower branching angles than streams that lie below nearby groundwater levels, and thus are likely to gain flow from groundwater. This systematic relationship persists across several stream orders, and across a wide range in channel gradients.The scale of groundwater upwelling on Mars, as well as its relation to sedimentary systems, remains an ongoing debate. Several deep craters (basins) in the northern equatorial regions show compelling signs that large amounts of water once existed on Mars at a planet\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide scale. The presence of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90formed features, including fluvial Gilbert and sapping deltas fed by sapping valleys, constitute strong evidence of groundwater upwelling resulting in long term standing bodies of water inside the basins. Terrestrial field evidence shows that sapping valleys can occur in basalt bedrock and not only in unconsolidated sediments. A hypothesis that considers the elevation differences between the observed morphologies and the assumed basal groundwater level is presented and described as the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cdike\uffe2\uff80\uff90confined water\uffe2\uff80\uff9d model, already present on Earth and introduced for the first time in the Martian geological literature. Only the deepest basins considered in this study, those with bases deeper than \uffe2\uff88\uff924000\uffc2\uffa0m in elevation below the Mars datum, intercepted the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated zone and exhibit evidence of groundwater fluctuations. The discovery of these groundwater discharge sites on a planet\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide scale strongly suggests a link between the putative Martian ocean and various configurations of sedimentary deposits that were formed as a result of groundwater fluctuations during the Hesperian period. This newly recognized evidence of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90formed features significantly increases the chance that biosignatures could be buried in the sediment. These deep basins (groundwater\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed lakes) will be of interest to future exploration missions as they might provide evidence of geological conditions suitable for life.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0103 physical sciences", "Gilbert Delta; Mars; groundwater; lakes; sapping valley; sedimentology.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ricerca.unich.it/bitstream/11564/702001/1/Salese_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Planets-print.pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005802"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018je005802"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Planets", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2018je005802", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2018je005802", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2018je005802"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-26", "title": "Iron-Mediated Soil Carbon Response To Water-Table Decline In An Alpine Wetland", "description": "Abstract

The tremendous reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetlands is being threatened by water-table decline (WTD) globally. However, the SOC response to WTD remains highly uncertain. Here we examine the under-investigated role of iron (Fe) in mediating soil enzyme activity and lignin stabilization in a mesocosm WTD experiment in an alpine wetland. In contrast to the classic \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 theory, phenol oxidative activity is mainly controlled by ferrous iron [Fe(II)] and declines with WTD, leading to an accumulation of dissolvable aromatics and a reduced activity of hydrolytic enzyme. Furthermore, using dithionite to remove Fe oxides, we observe a significant increase of Fe-protected lignin phenols in the air-exposed soils. Fe oxidation hence acts as an \uffe2\uff80\uff98iron gate\uffe2\uff80\uff99 against the \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in regulating wetland SOC dynamics under oxygen exposure. This newly recognized mechanism may be key to predicting wetland soil carbon storage with intensified WTD in a changing climate.

", "keywords": ["Composite material", "Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Protection", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Groundwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Ecology", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "Geology", "Mesocosm", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Materials science", "6. Clean water", "Water table", "Chemistry", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Wetland", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ferrous"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep08280", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-06", "title": "Convergence Of Soil Nitrogen Isotopes Across Global Climate Gradients", "description": "Abstract

Quantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the 15N:14N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in 15N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8\uffc2\uffb0C, soil \uffce\uffb415N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil \uffce\uffb415N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss.

", "keywords": ["N-15 Natural-Abundance", "550", "Ecosystem ecology", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "Organic chemistry", "Suelo", "Nitrogen cycle", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "cycle de l'azote", "CARBON", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Isotopes", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Soil water", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE", "Climate change", "croisement de donn\u00e9es", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "SDG 15 \u2013 Leben an Land", "Global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Climatic Factors", "Tropical Forests", "Ecology", "Geography", "Nitr\u00f3geno", "Nutrient Cycling", "FRACTIONATION", "Litter Decomposition", "ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY", "Life Sciences", "ecosystem ecology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Is\u00f3topos", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Organic-Matter", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Chemistry", "PRECIPITATION", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Physical Sciences", "106022 Microbiology", "carbone du sol", "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation", "Ecosystem Functioning", "570", "STABLE ISOTOPE", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Stable isotope analysis", "Nitrogen", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil Science", "stable isotope analysis;ecosystem ecology", "Article", "Environmental science", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "sol min\u00e9ral", "INORGANIC NITROGEN", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "stable isotope analysis", "Carbono", "Environmental Chemistry", "Factores Clim\u00e1ticos", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "climat", "AVAILABILITY", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Inorganic", "NITROGEN", "MODEL", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "PATTERNS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://scholars.unh.edu/context/faculty_pubs/article/1042/viewcontent/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://edoc.unibas.ch/37215/1/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep08280", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep08280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/en18161", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-14", "title": "Leaching of microplastics by preferential flow in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) burrows", "description": "Environmental context

Microplastics found in soil pose several potential environmental risks. This study shows that microplastics on the soil surface can be ingested by earthworms and transported to the lower soil layers. In this way, microplastics may enter the food chain and find their way into groundwater systems, especially in cases where the water table is shallow.

Abstract

In the current study, we examine how the activities of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) affect microplastic (MP) distribution and concentration in soil, with a focus on low density polyethylene (LDPE). We also want to determine if MPs can be flushed out with water. We used a laboratory sandy soil column (polyvinyl chloride tube) experimental set-up and tested five different treatments: (1) treatment with just soil (control) to check if the saturated conductivity (Ksat) could be impacted by MP, (2) treatment with MP, (3) treatment with MP and litter, (4) treatment with earthworms and litter as a second control for treatment 5 and (5) treatment with MPs, earthworms and litter. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates. For the treatments with MP, the concentration of MP added at the start of the experiment was 7 % by weight (3.97 g, polyethylene, 50 % 1 mm\uffe2\uff80\uff93250 \uffc2\uffb5m, 30 % 250 \uffc2\uffb5m\uffe2\uff80\uff93150 \uffc2\uffb5m and 20 % <150 \uffc2\uffb5m) based on 52.78 g of dry litter from Populus nigra. In the treatments using earthworms, two adult earthworms, with an initial average weight of (7.14 \uffc2\uffb1 0.26) g, were placed in each column. Results showed that LDPE particles could be introduced into the soil by the earthworms. MP particles were detected in each soil sample and within different soil layers for the earthworm treatments. Earthworms showed a tendency to transport the smaller MP particles and that the amount of MPs in size class <250 \uffc2\uffb5m increased in soil samples with increasing soil depth in comparison to the other size classes. After leaching, MPs were only detected in the leachate from the treatments with the earthworms, and the MP had similar size distributions as the soil samples in the 40\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 cm layer of the treatment with MP, earthworms and litter. The results of this study clearly show that biogenic activities can mobilise MP transport from the surface into the soil and even be leached into drainage. It is highly likely that biogenic activities constitute a potential pathway for MPs to be transported into soil and groundwater.

", "keywords": ["litter", "groundwater", "floating method", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "soil column", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/EN/pdf/EN18161"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/en18161"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/en18161", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/en18161", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/en18161"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16394", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-17", "title": "Lowering water table reduces carbon sink strength and carbon stocks in northern peatlands", "description": "Abstract

Peatlands at high latitudes have accumulated >400\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCH4) using site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT <20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm on average (seasonal max up to 45\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8934\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921; including 6\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff897\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff93CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and decreased CH4 emission by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff894\uffe2\uff80\uff89g CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, thus accumulating less C over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4, which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89360\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost peatlands lost >2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years when WT is lowered by 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario. River bank filtration (RBF) is a system that enriches groundwater resources by induced infiltration of river water to an aquifer. Problematic during operation of RBF systems is the deterioration of infiltration effectiveness caused by river bed clogging. This situation was observed in the Krajkowo well field which supplies fresh water to the city of Pozna\uffc5\uff84 (Poland) during and after the long hydrological drought between the years 1989 and 1992. The present note discusses results of specific hydrogeological research which included drilling of a net of boreholes to a depth of 10 m below river bottom (for sediment sampling as well as for hydrogeological measurements), analyses of grain size distribution and relative density studies. The results obtained have allowed the recognition of the origin of the clogging processes, as well as the documentation of the clogged parts of the river bottom designated for unclogging activities.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "cone of depression", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "dynamic water level changes", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "groundwater resources", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1515/logos-2017-0021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3537993/v2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-01", "title": "Metal(loid) tolerance, accumulation, and phytoremediation potential of wetland macrophytes for multi-metal(loid)s polluted water.", "description": "Abstract

Natural based solutions, notably constructed/artificial wetland treatment systems, rely heavily on identification and use of macrophytes with the ability to tolerate multiple contaminants and grow for an extended period to reduce contamination. The potential to tolerate and remediate metal(loid) contaminated groundwater from an industrial site located in Flanders (Belgium) was assessed for 10 wetland macrophytes (including Carex riparia, Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Lythrum salicaria, Menta aquatica, Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia). The experiment was conducted under static conditions, where plants were exposed to polluted acidic (pH~4)water, having high level of metal(loid)s for 15 days. Plant biomass, morphology, and metal uptake by roots and shoots were analysed every 5 days for all species. T. angustifolia and S. holoschoenus produced ~3 and ~1.1 times more dried biomass than the controls, respectively. For S. holoschoenus, P. australis, and T. angustifolia, no apparent morphological stress symptoms were observed, and plant heights were similar between control and plants exposed to polluted groundwater. Higher concentrations of all metal(loid)s were detected in the roots indicating a potential for phytostabilization of metal(loid)s below the water column. For J. effusus and T. angustifolia, Cd, Ni, and Zn accumulation was observed higher in the shoots. S. holoschoenus, P. australis, and T. angustifolia are proposed for restoration and phytostabilization strategies in natural and/or constructed wetland and aquatic ecosystems affected by metal(loid) inputs.

", "keywords": ["580", "570", "Constructed wetlands", "15. Life on land", "Biorremediaci\u00f3n", "6. Clean water", "Macrophytes", "Agua-Contaminaci\u00f3n", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Heavy metals", "Water-Pollution", "Belgium", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Metals", " Heavy", "Phytostabilization", "Groundwater", "Bioremediation", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3537993/v2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3537993/v2", "name": "item", "description": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3537993/v2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3537993/v2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.25678/00035v", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: Non\u2010Gaussian parameter inference for hydrogeological models using Stein Variational Gradient Descent", "description": "This package includes the data and Python files for the publication 'Non\u2010Gaussian parameter inference for hydrogeological models using Stein Variational Gradient Descent'.", "keywords": ["SVGD", "modelling", "aquifer", "hydrogeology", "river", "groundwater", "Bayesian inference", "Stein Variational Gradient Descent", "ensemble-based", "modeling", "Bayesian statistics", "non-Gaussian", "Jacobian"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ramgraber, M., Weatherl, R., Blumensaat, F., Schirmer, M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.25678/00035v"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.25678/00035v", "name": "item", "description": "10.25678/00035v", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.25678/00035v"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wh.2019.300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-19", "title": "Factors influencing the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis: a ten-year systematic review and meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between naturally fluoridated groundwater and dental fluorosis has received large attention from researchers around the world. Despite recognition that several factors influence this relationship, there is a lack of systematic studies analyzing the heterogeneity of these results. To fill such a gap, this study performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand which factors influence this relationship and how. Selected studies were sampled between 2007 and 2017 from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords and Boolean operators. Results of the systematic review show that dental fluorosis affects individuals of all ages, with the highest prevalence below 11, while the impact of other factors (gender, environmental conditions, diet and dental caries) was inconclusive. Meta-regression analysis, based on information collected through systematic review, indicates that both fluoride in drinking water and temperature influence dental fluorosis significantly and that these studies might be affected by publication bias. Findings show that fluoride negatively affects people's health in less developed countries. The conclusions discuss policy tools and technological innovations that could reduce fluoride levels below that of the World Health Organization (WHO) (&lt;1.5 mg/L).

", "keywords": ["fluoride", "Fluorosis", " Dental", "Drinking Water", "Dental Caries", "contaminated drinking water", " dental fluorosis", " fluoride", " meta-analysis", " systematic review", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "meta-analysis", "Fluorides", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "systematic review", "Prevalence", "Humans", "dental fluorosis", "Groundwater", "contaminated drinking water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86403/1/Akuno_Nocella_Milai_Gutierrez_2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.uniss.it/bitstream/11388/228273/1/dental%20fluorosis.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.uniss.it/bitstream/11388/228273/5/jwh0170845.pdf"}, {"href": "http://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/17/6/845/637413/jwh0170845.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Water%20and%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2166/wh.2019.300", "name": "item", "description": "10.2166/wh.2019.300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2166/wh.2019.300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14789120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:22:06Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Deliverable D2.4 - Guidance document on fate, transport and exposure for PMT's in the environment", "description": "Executive Summary Models are used in exposure assessment for a number of reasons. They can help map the temporal and spatial variability of exposure, exposure pathways and exposure routes, and support risk assessment for water bodies where monitoring is lacking. They can be used to identify sources and pathways responsible for current exposures and to assess the impact of potential future developments of persistent, mobile, and toxic chemicals (PMT) exposures in surface water and groundwater. Such scenario assessment may include changes in PMT use, effects of pollution control measures, accidental spills or climate change. The scope of this document, produced as part of the H2020 PROMISCES project, is to provide guidance for applications of models with a specific focus on model trains for the assessment of exposure to PMTs as part of the predictive risk assessment related to surface and groundwater. This document explains the basic concepts of specific models and how best to use them in modeltrains in the framework of a tiered approach. The intention is to inform users and interested stakeholders about what needs to be considered when using different methods, what is the best use of specific models, what are the best combinations in model trains and what are their current limitations. The guidance document presents (i) \u201cscreening level\u201d models for the assessment of regional exposure of groundwater from soil pollution and for the assessment of general exposure of air, soil and water at local, regional or global scales, (ii) spatial and temporal explicit approaches for the identification of pollution plumes in the soil-groundwater continuum and (iii) model train applications for the catchment \u2013 river \u2013 river bank filtration \u2013 drinking water continuum. Exposure of surface water and groundwater to PMT depends on the use patterns and the environmental fate of the chemicals. Emission, fate and transport models incorporate driving factors into documented algorithms. The extent to which a substance persists in surface water can, for instance, be calculated with the \u201cSimpleBox - Aquatic Persistence Dashboard\u201d, based on its physical-chemical characteristics. The presented approach for deriving generic risk limits for soils shows that, depending on regional variations in geo(hydro)logical conditions, the high mobility of some PFAS could lead to strict requirements for materials applied on soil. For the soil-groundwater continuum, a novel model train is presented which accounts for the main physical and chemical processes controlling the fate and transport of PFAS. For sorption and degradation reactions, several formalisms can be used, allowing one to select the most appropriate according to the PFAS molecular properties and the characteristics of the simulateddomain. The results issued from these modelling applications indicate the key role of correctly identifying the main physical, chemical and biological processes controlling fate and transport of PFAS in the studied domain to build a robust conceptual model. To increase the robustness of the model, a thorough model calibration must be performed, preferably using time seriesmeasurements of the PFAS concentration in the pore solution at different locations of the contaminated site. The results confirm the key role of the unsaturated zone in the transfer and long-term migration of PFAS. Nonlinearity and nonideality of sorption reactions were expected for a broad range of PFAS, suggesting using more complex numerical formalism than linear isotherms. Considering the key role of capillary fringe displacement on PFAS transport in the unsaturated zone, themodel train seems to be very efficient in performing PFAS simulations, as it can explicitly describe water flow and solute transport at the interface between the unsaturated and saturated zones, avoiding the main pitfall encountered in other numerical approaches. The combination of stand-alone models in model trains expands the scope that can be covered in the context of a catchment \u2013 river \u2013 riverbank filtration \u2013 drinking water continuum for exposure assessment of surface waters and bank filtered drinking water. Model trains can combine individual models either in a complementary way or in a sequence. A complementary combination may either compare models of different complexity to find out which level of complexity (and associated effort) is needed to answer which questions, or may compare different models with their different strengths and weaknesses in parallel to assess uncertainties and/or use models for scenario evaluation according to their specific capabilities. A sequential combination facilitates a broader application in terms of content and at different spatial resolutions. Clearly defined interfaces are essential for a successful implementation. Examples of model trains for selected PFAS are presented for the catchment-river interaction in the urban context of the Berlin case and for the whole catchment \u2013 river \u2013 riverbank filtration \u2013 drinking water continuum on the scale of the Upper Danube Basin. The Berlin case demonstrates the application of the sequential model train by combining a city emission model with a city surface water fate and transport model to assess the resulting exposure to PFAS in the city surface waters. The Danube case demonstrates the application of a sequential model train for exposure assessment of bank filtered drinking water by combining large-scale catchment-scale emission models with different types of bank filtration fate and transport models for specific locations in the catchment. In addition, it also demonstrates complementary application by comparing emission models with different strengths and weaknesses for the assessment of multiple scenarios on the catchment scale and different levels of complexity for the fate and transport modelling of bank filtration. The model train has been successfully applied for 10 different PFAS-substances including the assessment of a large range of scenarios. Current limitations for exposure assessment of PFAS at river basin scale require improvement in scientific understanding as well as additional efforts in administrative data collection and inventory development. Current results of the exposure assessment show the very high relevance of legacy pollution from use of fire-fighting foams or from old municipal landfills. On the administrative level, there is a strong need for improved identification and harmonized inventorying of contaminated sites at national and international (EU) level. The lack of robust, openly available information on production, import-export and therefore use volumes of PFAS at national and EU level is strongly hampering exposure assessment. A major effort is urgently needed to provide this information, as it is decisive for a sound environmental exposure assessment, not only for surface water and groundwater. In regard to scientific advances, there is a need for more and better understanding of the extent of local groundwater pollution, particularly due to the application of fire-fighting foams or to the presence of municipal landfills. Further improvement of the scientific knowledge about the fate of PFAS in the environment, including their partitioning between different phases (air,water, solids) and the transformation of the so called \u201cprecursors\u201d into stable \u201cend-products\u201d like PFOA, PFOS and short-chain substances is needed to enlarge the number of PFAS that can be included into the exposure assessment. A reproducible and standardised analytical parameter for \u201ctotal PFAS\u201d or even \u201ctotal toxicity of PFAS\u201d would be needed to address all relevant PFAS in a combined way as it is a focus of Workpackage 1 of the H2020 PROMISCES project (Togola et al. 2024; Behnisch et al. 2024).", "keywords": ["Groundwater/chemistry", "Groundwater pollution", "emission modelling", "Surface water management", "Groundwater quality", "Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS)", "environmental transport modelling", "Surface water", "environmental fate modelling", "Groundwater endangering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zessner, Matthias, Baldwin, Dwight, del Val Alonso, Laura, Derx, Julia, Devau, Nicolas, Janssen, Gijs, Jou Claus, S\u00f2nia, Kittlaus, Steffen, Knoche, Franziska, Liu, Meiqi, Markus, Arjen, Valstar, Johan, Meesters, Joris, Meijers, Erwin, Obeid, Ali A.A., Oudega, Thomas James, Pathak, Devanshi, Sprenger, Christoph, van Gils, Jos, Wicke, Daniel, Wintersen, Arjen, Zhiteneva, Veronika, Groot, Hans,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14789120"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14789120", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14789120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14789120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/3237027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-07", "title": "Nutrient Supply In Undrained And Drained Calthion Meadows", "description": "

Abstract. Plant species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich Calthion meadows on mesotrophic fen peat soil extensively cut for hay are among the endangered semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90natural vegetation types in northwestern Europe. They are often badly affected by lowering the groundwater table (drainage) and fertilization.

In a comparative study of an undrained site with a Calthion meadow and an adjacent drained site, availability of N, P and K was biologically assessed under field conditions (for two years) as well as in a greenhouse (for 18 weeks) by measuring shoot responsiveness. Also, experimental wetting of intact turf samples taken from both sites was applied in order to study the interaction between nutrient supply and anaerobic soil conditions. It was concluded that the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground phytomass yield in the undrained site was restricted by a major shortage of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90supply and a moderate shortage of K\uffe2\uff80\uff90supply by the fen peat soil. The above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground phytomass yield of the drained site was only reduced by a strongly limited supply of K by the soil. The extent of K\uffe2\uff80\uff90deficiency was larger for the drained site. No P\uffe2\uff80\uff90deficiency was observed in any of the drained or undrained sites. Rewetting turf samples, taken from the drained site, did not change above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground phytomass yields, suggesting that nutrient supplies were not affected by rewetting. Leaching has likely resulted in a strong reduction of K\uffe2\uff80\uff90supply in the drained site. It is assumed that a shortage in K\uffe2\uff80\uff90supply from the peat soil may have become an important environmental constraint for characteristic plant species of Calthion meadows. This may hamper the development of this meadow type on drained peat soils after rewetting by groundwater discharge.

", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "NRS", "restoration", "GRASSLAND", "LIMITATION", "GROUNDWATER", "fen peat", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "SOIL", "VEGETATION PATTERNS", "ADLIB-ART-1990", "fertilization", "ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "FERTILIZER APPLICATION", "plant species richness", "macronutrient deficiency", "COMMUNITIES", "drainage", "management", "SEDIMENTS", "FENS"], "contacts": [{"organization": "JA Inberg, D. M. Pegtel, I.C. van Duren, BA Aerts,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3237027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/3237027", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/3237027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/3237027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2478/logos-2018-0025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-28", "title": "A comparison of the efficiency of riverbank filtration treatments in different types of wells", "description": "Abstract

In the paper, a comparison of the efficiency of riverbank treatments is outlined for the Krajkowo well field, where different methods of water abstraction are used. The water is extracted from 29 vertical wells that are located at a distance of 60\uffe2\uff80\uff9380 m from the channel of the River Warta and from a horizontal well with radial drains located 5 m below the bottom of the river. The results of a two-year water-quality investigation indicate that the water quality in both types of abstraction system is influenced by the quality of river water. The water quality observed in the horizontal well is closely similar to that of the river water, with similar concentrations of sulphates, nitrates and micropollutants, but a reduction in bacteriological contamination and plankton is clearly seen. The reduction in contaminants is mainly the result of physical processes, such as mechanical entrapment of suspended material and colloids as well as bacteria and plankton. In the vertical wells, the influence of contamination from river water is also visible, but the reduction in contamination is more significant, especially in cases of bacteria, plankton, micropollutants and nitrates, and is determined by both physical and chemical processes, such as sorption, dissolution, red-ox processes and denitrification. The present research shows that river water treatment is more effective in the case of vertical wells. The most favourable distance of a well from the channel of the river, from the perspective of water quality, is 150\uffe2\uff80\uff93200 m, which corresponds to a residence time of about six months.

", "keywords": ["riverbank filtration", "QE1-996.5", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "horizontal well", "02 engineering and technology", "14. Life underwater", "groundwater and surface water contamination", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3rski, J\u00f3zef, Dragon, Krzysztof, Kru\u0107, Roksana,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/logos-2018-0025"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2478/logos-2018-0025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2478/logos-2018-0025", "name": "item", "description": "10.2478/logos-2018-0025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2478/logos-2018-0025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.25338/B8061X", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:07Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Multiple Benefits from Agricultural and Natural Land Covers in the Central Valley, CA", "description": "unspecifiedMethods for Rapid Evidence Assessment and Benefit/Tradeoff analysis We performed a rapid review of the literature from the last 10 years focusing on benefits from agricultural and natural land covers in the Central Valley. We focused our search on 10 priority agricultural land covers, selected according to harvested acreage as reported by the California County Agricultural Commissioners\u2019 2018 Crop Report [30], and 3 priority natural (i.e., not for production purposes) land covers based on land area in the Central Valley [98]. See Appendix II for a detailed overview of the search strategy employed, the inclusion criteria, and the data collected from each study in the review. The resulting library of research included reports from peer-review studies as well as publicly available federal or state surveys/censuses and expert source surveys. In total, we reviewed 107 studies that included approximately 10 agricultural land covers and 3 natural land covers, recording over 77 different metrics for benefits and tradeoffs provisioned by those land covers.\u00a0From the 107 studies we obtained 512 unique observations across land covers and benefit metrics.\u00a0 To complement the metrics reported in the peer-reviewed literature, we included metrics with quality data available in public repositories such as federal and state censuses, technical reports, and databases. These metrics were chosen because they provided information to supplement a benefit category with few examples in recent published literature or because they described metrics that are more suitable for survey formats than for the experimental interventions in the studies reviewed above. These additional datasets included: Crop production value ($USD ha-1)\u00a0 Pesticide use by land cover type (kg applied ha-1)\u00a0 Consumptive water use (m3 ha-1)\u00a0 Employment (workers ha-1) and average weekly wages earned ($USD worker-1 ha-1) in the agricultural sector\u00a0 Avian conservation score The Avian Conservation Score was developed through a survey of domain experts. In an iterative process, the expert sources reached a consensus on scores for each landcover type according to their relative value for nesting, foraging, or roosting different avian taxa during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Avian taxa considered were those for which the Central Valley Joint Venture has established conservation objectives, including grassland, oak savannah, and riparian landbirds, waterfowl, shorebirds, and other waterbirds (Central Valley Joint Venture 2020). Each land cover type was given a final score on a 0-1 scale representing its relative total value across taxa and seasons.\u00a0 Although our search strategy reflected a priori selection of focal benefit categories and metrics, benefit categories were subsequently adjusted to reflect the actual availability of information on each benefit category and associated metrics. Of the metrics described in the gap analysis above, we chose a subset of metrics with the best representation across land cover types and recategorized them into a suite of benefit categories: 1) Environmental health or quality, which included air pollution and pesticide use metrics; 2) Economy, which included agricultural (crop and forage) production value and livelihood value metrics; 3) Climate, which included greenhouse gas emission and carbon storage/sequestration metrics; 4) Water, which included water quality/pollution and water use metrics, and 5) Wildlife, which included the Avian Conservation Score. These categories were subsequently used to calculate a Multiple Benefits Index across land covers (within metrics) and within specific land covers (across metrics). The Multiple Benefits Index was calculated by normalizing all of the above metrics to a similar scale to enable comparison of multiple benefits and tradeoffs across land cover types. To compare benefit metrics within each landcover, reported values were converted to the same unit of measure and then transformed to a 0-1 scale by setting the highest reported value across all land covers to 1 and then calculating the remaining values according to the following formula: where MBI represents the Multiple Benefits Index, or normalized value of X, and Xi represents a single value in the vector of values for X. Metrics were then categorized post hoc as either \u201cbenefits\u201d or \u201ctradeoffs\u201d depending on their perceived value to the above sectors or interests. Benefits were those metrics that related to provisioning of a desirable service such as pollutant removal, while tradeoffs were metrics that related to provisioning of an undesirable service such as greenhouse gas emissions. Metrics considered tradeoffs were assigned a negative value by multiplying the Multiple Benefits Index by -1. The results of within-land cover benefit/tradeoff analyses were presented in the individual land cover profiles in Section III, while the results of cross-land cover benefit/tradeoff analysis are presented below. To compare land covers across all metrics, we calculated the mean Multiple Benefits Index score for all metrics within a land cover type and then ranked landcovers from highest to lowest mean score. See Appendix III for the rationale behind the selected metrics, along with unit conversions and assumptions made for each metric included in the benefit-tradeoff analysis. Finally, the benefit/tradeoff analysis was placed into the context of a changing environment through the development of a Climate Change Vulnerability Index, similarly to the climate change vulnerability index developed for birds in the Central Valley.\u00a0As with the avian conservation score, we developed a survey for a panel of expert sources. The expert panel scored landcovers according to their estimated vulnerability to climate change based on a combination of sensitivity (intrinsic, physiological factors that contribute to climate change vulnerability) and exposure (extrinsic, environmental factors that contribute to climate change vulnerability) factors. Sensitivity scores and exposure scores were summed separately within each land cover and then multiplied together to derive the overall vulnerability index (sum of sensitivity*sum of exposure).\u00a0 Because it does not represent a specific benefit or tradeoff, but rather a property of individual land covers, the CCVI was not included in the benefit/tradeoff analysis. Instead, it was used as a standalone metric to contextualize benefits and tradeoffs expected from land covers under climate change and the resulting uncertainty surrounding management scenarios. Methods for spatial hotspot/coldspot analysis of ecosystem benefits/tradeoffs Ecosystem Service Metrics and Source Data Land cover data were obtained from the USDA NASS Cropscape Data Layer (CDL2019), and recategorized according to the specifications of this project (Table 1). Riparian zones were determined as a 25 meter buffer around National Hydrological Dataset (NHD) flowlines for natural rivers and bodies of water, limited to non-developed and non-agricultural land cover categories. Air and Water Quality metric obtained from the California Healthy Places Index (HPI) geospatial dataset, Pollution and H2O Contamination indices respectively. Habitat quality metric obtained from Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) dataset. Soil organic carbon content and percent clay particles were aggregated from the NRCS SSURGO soil data viewer. Parameter values were aggregated from individual soil horizon by volume up to soil map unit component, and aggregated from map unit component by percent total extent to map units. Theoretical maximum carbon storage was calculated based on percent clay as per Hoyle et al (2011) by the following equation:
SOC%=0.5482\u00d7 ln(clay%)+1.3073 Soil potential carbon accumulation was calculated by subtracting existing soil carbon stock (SSURGO) from the theoretical maximum calculated as above, and applying a weighting factor based on land cover expected biomass productivity and soil disturbance frequency (Table 1). Rangeland and forest biomass productivity metrics were obtained from SSURGO soil data viewer by map unit component, and aggregated to map unit by percent total extent. Perennial crop biomass productivity data, previously used in orchard life cycle assessment modeling (Marvinney et al 2015, Kendall et al 2015) was obtained from a cooperating agri-services firm operating out of the San Joaquin Valley region, for 14 different tree crops. These data were joined to the CDL2019 perennial crops with average value assigned to any tree crop for which no biomass data was available. Groundwater recharge potential data was obtained from the UC Davis SAGBI dataset. Groundwater depth data was obtained from the Department of Water Resources (DWR) open test well data as the average of measurements from 2015-201 Crop productivity data (5-year mean yield in tons per acre) was obtained from the County Crop Commission (CCC) reports via USDA NASS, and joined to CDL2019 land cover units as well as recategorized land cover units as the mean yield value of any constituent crop types. The CDL 2019 original unit-based productivity analysis is thus the more accurate representation, as less aggregation of yield values was required.
\u00a0 Transformation and Aggregation of Ecosystem Service Metrics Linear transformation was used to convert the range of values in each metric dataset to a scale of 0-1, with 0 being \u2018worst\u2019 and 1 \u2018best\u2019 in terms of ecosystem services provided. Combined metrics were generated by averaging the transformed values in the relevant metrics, and applying a linear transformation to re-scale the values to 0-1. Metrics were aggregated to a 5km hex grid covering the Central Valley by area-weighted averaging. Ecosystem service \u2018hot\u2019 and \u2018cold\u2019 spots were generated by extracting hexes with values below 0.2 and above 0.8 for the combination of all examined metrics.

\u00a0 Hoyle F.C., Baldock J.A., Murphy D.V. (2011) Soil Organic Carbon \u2013 Role in Rainfed Farming Systems. In: Tow P., Cooper I., Partridge I., Birch C. (eds) Rainfed Farming Systems. Springer, Dordrecht

Marvinney EM, Kendall AM, Brodt SB (2015) Life Cycle\u2013based Assessment of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Almond Production, Part II: Scenario and Sensitivity Analysis. J Ind Ecol 19(6)

Kendall AM, Marvinney EM, Zhu W, Brodt SB (2015) Life Cycle\u2013based Assessment of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Almond Production, Part I: Analytical Framework and Baseline Results. J Ind Ecol (19) 6
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon stocks", "groundwater depletion", "environmental quality", "1. No poverty", "annual grasslands", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "Orchards", "riparian areas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peterson, Caitlin, Marvinney, Elias, Dybala, Kristen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.25338/B8061X"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.25338/B8061X", "name": "item", "description": "10.25338/B8061X", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.25338/B8061X"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.25678/000161", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:10Z", "type": "Software", "title": "Data for: Data Assimilation and Online Parameter Optimization in Groundwater Modeling using Nested Particle Filters", "keywords": ["modelling", "particle filter", "hydrogeology", "groundwater", "data assimilation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ramgraber, Max, Albert, Carlo, Schirmer, Mario,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.25678/000161"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.25678/000161", "name": "item", "description": "10.25678/000161", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.25678/000161"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ijgi11040257", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-18", "title": "Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones Using GIS and Fuzzy AHP Techniques\u2014A Case Study of the Titel Municipality (Northern Serbia)", "description": "

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources for reliable and sustainable water supplies in the world. To understand the use of water resources, the fundamental characteristics of groundwater need to be analyzed, but in many cases, in situ data measurements are not available or are incomplete. In this study, we used GIS and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) techniques for delineation of the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in the Titel Municipality (northern Serbia) based on quantitative assessment scores by experts (hydrologists, hydrogeologists, environmental and geoscientists, and agriculture experts). Six thematic layers, such as geology, geomorphology, slope, soil, land use/land cover, and drainage density were prepared and integrated into GIS software for generating the final map. The area falls into five classes: very good (25.68%), good (12.10%), moderate (15.18%), poor (41.34%), and very poor (5.70%). The GWPZ map will serve to improve the management of these natural resources to ensure future water protection and development of the agricultural sector, and the implemented method can be used in other similar natural conditions.

", "keywords": ["Geography (General)", "13. Climate action", "water management", "groundwater; geographic information systems (GIS); water management; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)", "groundwater", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "geographic information systems (GIS)", "G1-922", "02 engineering and technology", "fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/257/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/257/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040257"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ISPRS%20International%20Journal%20of%20Geo-Information", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ijgi11040257", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ijgi11040257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ijgi11040257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs9111155", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-10", "title": "Disaggregation of SMOS Soil Moisture to 100 m Resolution Using MODIS Optical/Thermal and Sentinel-1 Radar Data: Evaluation over a Bare Soil Site in Morocco", "description": "

The 40 km resolution SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) soil moisture, previously disaggregated at a 1 km resolution using the DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) method based on MODIS optical/thermal data, is further disaggregated to 100 m resolution using Sentinel-1 backscattering coefficient (\uffcf\uff83\uffc2\uffb0). For this purpose, three distinct radar-based disaggregation methods are tested by linking the spatio-temporal variability of \uffcf\uff83\uffc2\uffb0 and soil moisture data at the 1 km and 100 m resolution. The three methods are: (1) the weight method, which estimates soil moisture at 100 m resolution at a certain time as a function of \uffcf\uff83\uffc2\uffb0 ratio (100 m to 1 km resolution) and the 1 km DISPATCH products of the same time; (2) the regression method which estimates soil moisture as a function of \uffcf\uff83\uffc2\uffb0 where the regression parameters (e.g., intercept and slope) vary in space and time; and (3) the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) method, which estimates 100 m resolution soil moisture from the cumulative probability of 100 m resolution backscatter and the maximum to minimum 1 km resolution (DISPATCH) soil moisture difference. In each case, disaggregation results are evaluated against in situ measurements collected between 1 January 2016 and 11 October 2016 over a bare soil site in central Morocco. The determination coefficient (R2) between 1 km resolution DISPATCH and localized in situ soil moisture is 0.31. The regression and CDF methods have marginal effect on improving the DISPATCH accuracy at the station scale with a R2 between remotely sensed and in situ soil moisture of 0.29 and 0.34, respectively. By contrast, the weight method significantly improves the correlation between remotely sensed and in situ soil moisture with a R2 of 0.52. Likewise, the soil moisture estimates show low root mean square difference with in situ measurements (RMSD= 0.032 m3 m\uffe2\uff88\uff923).

", "keywords": ["soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite (SMOS)", "Atmospheric Science", "Artificial intelligence", "Environmental Engineering", "550", "Science", "Soil Moisture", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Aerospace Engineering", "FOS: Mechanical engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Engineering", "Meteorology", "DISPATCH", "Image resolution", "Arctic Permafrost Dynamics and Climate Change", "14. Life underwater", "Moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Water content", "Radar", "Geography", "soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite (SMOS); DISPATCH; radar; Sentinel-1; disaggregation; soil moisture", "Soilmoisture and ocean salinity satellite (SMOS)", "Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry", "Q", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "Geology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Remote sensing", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Surface Deformation Monitoring", "Computer science", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "Groundwater Extraction", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "disaggregation", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Sentinel-1", "soil moisture", "radar"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/1155/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111155"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs9111155", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs9111155", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs9111155"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.n3s2m", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-10-02", "title": "Data from: Urban trees reduce nutrient leaching to groundwater", "description": "unspecifiedMany urban waterways suffer from excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) feeding algal blooms, which cause lower water clarity and oxygen levels, bad odor and taste, and the loss of desirable species. Nutrient movement from land to water is likely to be influenced by urban vegetation, but there are few empirical studies addressing this. In this study, we examined whether or not urban trees can reduce nutrient leaching to groundwater, an important nutrient export pathway that has received less attention than stormwater. We characterized leaching beneath thirty-three trees of fourteen species, and seven open turfgrass areas, across three city parks in Saint Paul, Minnesota. We installed lysimeters at 60 cm depth to collect soil water approximately biweekly from July 2011 through October 2013, except during winter and drought periods, measured dissolved organic carbon (C), N, and P in soil water, and modeled water fluxes using the BROOK90 hydrologic model. We also measured soil nutrient pools (bulk C and N, KCl-extractable inorganic N, Brays-P), tree tissue nutrient concentrations (C, N, and P of green leaves, leaf litter, and roots), and canopy size parameters (leaf biomass, leaf area index) to explore correlations with nutrient leaching. Trees had similar or lower N leaching than turfgrass in 2012 but higher N leaching in 2013; trees reduced P leaching compared with turfgrass in both 2012 and 2013, with lower leaching under deciduous than evergreen trees. Scaling up our measurements to an urban subwatershed of the Mississippi River (~17,400 ha, containing roughly 1.5 million trees), we estimated that trees reduced P leaching to groundwater by 533 kg in 2012 (0.031 kg/ha or 3.1 kg/km2) and 1201 kg in 2013 (0.069 kg/ha or 6.9 kg/km2). Removing these same amounts of P using stormwater infrastructure would cost $2.2 million and $5.0 million per year (2012 and 2013 removal amounts, respectively).", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "nutrient pollution", "plant traits", "11. Sustainability", "Anthropocene", "groundwater", "nutrient leaching", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "urban trees", "Urban ecosystems", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nidzgorski, Daniel A., Hobbie, Sarah E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n3s2m"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.n3s2m", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.n3s2m", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.n3s2m"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w10111599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-07", "title": "Capillary Nanofiltration under Anoxic Conditions as Post-Treatment after Bank Filtration", "description": "

Bank filtration schemes for the production of drinking water are increasingly affected by constituents such as sulphate and organic micropollutants (OMP) in the source water. Within the European project AquaNES, the combination of bank filtration followed by capillary nanofiltration (capNF) is being demonstrated as a potential solution for these challenges at pilot scale. As the bank filtration process reliably reduces total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biopolymers, algae and particles, membrane fouling is reduced resulting in long term operational stability of capNF systems. Iron and manganese fouling could be reduced with the possibility of anoxic operation of capNF. With the newly developed membrane module HF-TNF a good retention of sulphate (67\uffe2\uff80\uff9371%), selected micropollutants (e.g., EDTA: 84\uffe2\uff80\uff9392%) and hardness (41\uffe2\uff80\uff9355%) was achieved together with further removal of DOC (82\uffe2\uff80\uff9387%). Fouling and scaling could be handled with a good cleaning concept with acid and caustic. With the combination of bank filtration and capNF a possibility for treatment of anoxic well water without further pre-treatment was demonstrated and retention of selected current water pollutants was shown.

", "keywords": ["organic micropollutants", "bank filtrate", "suboxic", "13. Climate action", "anoxic", "groundwater", "02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "sulphate", "6. Clean water", "decentralized capillary nanofiltration"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1599/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111599"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w10111599", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w10111599", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w10111599"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-07T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GROUNDWATER&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GROUNDWATER&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GROUNDWATER&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=GROUNDWATER&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 148, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T00:04:58.618168Z"}