Soil organic matter (SOM) stocks contain nearly three times as much carbon (C) as the atmosphere and changes in soil C stocks may have a major impact on future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Over the past two decades, much research has been devoted to examining the influence of warming on SOM decomposition in topsoil. Most SOM, however, is old and stored in subsoil. The fate of subsoil SOM under future warming remains highly uncertain. Here, by combining a long-term field warming experiment and a meta-analysis study, we showed that warming significantly increased SOM decomposition in subsoil. We also showed that a decade of warming promoted decomposition of subsoil SOM with turnover times of decades to millennia in a tall grass prairie and this effect was largely associated with shifts in the functional gene structure of microbial communities. By coupling stable isotope probing with metagenomics, we found that microbial communities in warmed soils possessed a higher relative abundance of key functional genes involved in the degradation of organic materials with varying recalcitrance than those in control soils. These findings suggest warming may considerably alter the stability of the vast pool of old SOM in subsoil, contributing to the long-term positive feedback between the C cycle and climate.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Technology", "0303 health sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Climate Change", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "630", "Carbon", "Climate Action", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Original Article", "Metagenomics", "Environmental Sciences", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8mp28182/qt8mp28182.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.48"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20ISME%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ismej.2017.48", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ismej.2017.48", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ismej.2017.48"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/ncomms2224", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-27", "title": "Warming And Nitrogen Deposition Lessen Microbial Residue Contribution To Soil Carbon Pool", "description": "Microorganisms have a role as gatekeepers for terrestrial carbon fluxes, either causing its release to the atmosphere through their decomposition activities or preventing its release by stabilizing the carbon in a form that cannot be easily decomposed. Although research has focused on microbial sources of greenhouse gas production, somewhat limited attention has been paid to the microbial role in carbon sequestration. However, increasing numbers of reports indicate the importance of incorporating microbial-derived carbon into soil stable carbon pools. Here we investigate microbial residues in a California annual grassland after a continuous 9-year manipulation of three environmental factors (elevated CO(2), warming and nitrogen deposition), singly and in combination. Our results indicate that warming and nitrogen deposition can both alter the fraction of carbon derived from microbes in soils, though for two very different reasons. A reduction in microbial carbon contribution to stable carbon pools may have implications for our predictions of global change impacts on soil stored carbon.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "California", "Carbon", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Amino Acids", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2224"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ncomms2224", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ncomms2224", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ncomms2224"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-022-09515-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-07", "title": "The influence of soil dry-out on the record-breaking hot 2013/2014 summer in Southeast Brazil", "description": "AbstractThe 2013/2014 summer in Southeast Brazil was marked by historical unprecedented compound dry and hot (CDH) conditions with profound socio-economic impacts. The synoptic drivers for this event have already been analyzed, and its occurrence within the context of the increasing trend of CDH conditions in the area evaluated. However, so far, the causes for these record temperatures remain poorly understood. Here, a detailed characterization of the 2013/2014 austral summer season over Southeast Brazil is proposed, emphasizing the role played by land\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions in temperature escalation. We demonstrate that a strong soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff93temperature coupling regime promoted record-breaking temperatures levels exceeding almost 5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C over the previous highest record, and played a key role in triggering an outstanding \uffe2\uff80\uff98mega-heatwave\uffe2\uff80\uff99 that lasted for a period of around 20\uffc2\uffa0days. This pronounced soil desiccation occurred within a current climate change trend defined by drier and hotter conditions in the region. The soil dry-out, coupled with strong radiative processes and low entrainment of cooler air masses through mesoscale sea-breeze circulation processes, led to a water-limited regime and to an enhancement of sensible heat fluxes that, ultimately, resulted in a sharp increase of surface temperatures.
", "keywords": ["HEAT WAVES", "Hot Temperature", "DROUGHTS", "IMPACT", "Science", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "TEMPERATURE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Atmosphere", "MORTALITY", "Q", "R", "PAULO", "15. Life on land", "EVAPORATION", "CLIMATE", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Medicine", "HEATWAVES", "Seasons", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09515-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09515-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-022-09515-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-022-09515-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-022-09515-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.0503198103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-21", "title": "Plant Community Responses To Experimental Warming Across The Tundra Biome", "description": "Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and ecosystems can respond strongly to environmental change, including warming; however, most studies were limited to a single location and were of short duration and based on a variety of experimental designs. In addition, comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of techniques have been used to achieve experimental warming and different measurements have been used to assess responses. We used metaanalysis on plant community measurements from standardized warming experiments at 11 locations across the tundra biome involved in the International Tundra Experiment. The passive warming treatment increased plant-level air temperature by 1-3\uffc2\uffb0C, which is in the range of predicted and observed warming for tundra regions. Responses were rapid and detected in whole plant communities after only two growing seasons. Overall, warming increased height and cover of deciduous shrubs and graminoids, decreased cover of mosses and lichens, and decreased species diversity and evenness. These results predict that warming will cause a decline in biodiversity across a wide variety of tundra, at least in the short term. They also provide rigorous experimental evidence that recently observed increases in shrub cover in many tundra regions are in response to climate warming. These changes have important implications for processes and interactions within tundra ecosystems and between tundra and the atmosphere.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Hot Temperature", "Climate", "Environment", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Climatic changes Environmental aspects", "Effects of global warming on", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "Arctic and alpine ecosystems", "Arctic Regions", "Temperature", "500", "Genetic Variation", "Biodiversity", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "0503 (four-digit-FOR)", "Tundra ecology", "13. Climate action", "Vegetation change", "Plants", " Effects of global warming on", "Software", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/884/1/ITEX_PNAS%20%282006%29%20hi%20res.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.0503198103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.0503198103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.0503198103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpr066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-04", "title": "Root Standing Crop And Chemistry After Six Years Of Soil Warming In A Temperate Forest", "description": "Examining the responses of root standing crop (biomass and necromass) and chemistry to soil warming is crucial for understanding root dynamics and functioning in the face of global climate change. We assessed the standing crop, total nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) compounds in tree roots and soil net N mineralization over the growing season after 6 years of experimental soil warming in a temperate deciduous forest in 2008. Roots were sorted into four different categories: live and dead fine roots (\u22641mm in diameter) and live and dead coarse roots (1-4 mm in diameter). Total root standing crop (live plus dead) in the top 10 cm of soil in the warmed area was 42.5% (378.4 vs. 658.5 g m(-2)) lower than in the control area, while live root standing crop in the warmed area was 62% lower than in the control area. Soil net N mineralization over the growing season increased by 79.4% in the warmed relative to the control area. Soil warming did not significantly change the concentrations of C and C compounds (sugar, starch, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) in the four root categories. However, total N concentration in the live fine roots in the warmed area was 10.5% (13.7 vs. 12.4 mg g(-1)) higher and C:N ratio was 8.6% (38.5 vs. 42.1) lower than in the control area. The increase in N concentration in the live fine roots could be attributed to the increase in soil N availability due to soil warming. Net N mineralization was negatively correlated with both live and dead fine roots in the mineral soil that is home to the majority of roots, suggesting that soil warming increases N mineralization, decreases fine root biomass and thus decreases C allocation belowground.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Climate Change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "Nitrogen Compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpr066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpr066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpr066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-01", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric [Co2] Can Dramatically Increase Wheat Yields In Semi-Arid Environments And Buffer Against Heat Waves", "description": "AbstractWheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 [CO2], which is expected to rise from about 400\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2015 to 550\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by 2050. Changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) are well documented for some environments, but field\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses in dryland Mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. The Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility was established to compare wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under ambient (~370\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2007) and e[CO2] (550\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid environments. Experiments were undertaken at two dryland sites (Horsham and Walpeup) across three years with two cultivars, two sowing times and two irrigation treatments. Mean yield stimulation due to e[CO2] was 24% at Horsham and 53% at Walpeup, with some treatment responses greater than 70%, depending on environment. Under supplemental irrigation, e[CO2] stimulated yields at Horsham by 37% compared to 13% under rainfed conditions, showing that water limited growth and yield response to e[CO2]. Heat wave effects were ameliorated under e[CO2] as shown by reductions of 31% and 54% in screenings and 10% and 12% larger kernels (Horsham and Walpeup). Greatest yield stimulations occurred in the e[CO2] late sowing and heat stressed treatments, when supplied with more water. There were no clear differences in cultivar response due to e[CO2]. Multiple regression showed that yield response to e[CO2] depended on temperatures and water availability before and after anthesis. Thus, timing of temperature and water and the crop's ability to translocate carbohydrates to the grain postanthesis were all important in determining the e[CO2] response. The large responses to e[CO2] under dryland conditions have not been previously reported and underscore the need for field level research to provide mechanistic understanding for adapting crops to a changing climate.
", "keywords": ["heat wave", "Yield", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Hot Temperature", "Victoria", "Rain", "070302 Agronomy", "dryland", "551", "Dryland", "Heat wave", "Biomass", "Triticum", "free air CO2 enrichment", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated CO2", "Atmosphere", "Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "wheat; yield", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", ": Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment", "13. Climate action", "Free air CO2 enrichment", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13263"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13263"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Tropical land carbon cycle responses to 2015/16 El Ni\u00f1o as recorded by atmospheric greenhouse gas and remote sensing data", "description": "The outstanding tropical land climate characteristic over the past decades is rapid warming, with no significant large-scale precipitation trends. This warming is expected to continue but the effects on tropical vegetation are unknown. El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o-related heat peaks may provide a test bed for a future hotter world. Here we analyse tropical land carbon cycle responses to the 2015/16 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o heat and drought anomalies using an atmospheric transport inversion. Based on the global atmospheric CO 2 and fossil fuel emission records, we find no obvious signs of anomalously large carbon release compared with earlier El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o events, suggesting resilience of tropical vegetation. We find roughly equal net carbon release anomalies from Amazonia and tropical Africa, approximately 0.5 PgC each, and smaller carbon release anomalies from tropical East Asia and southern Africa. Atmospheric CO anomalies reveal substantial fire carbon release from tropical East Asia peaking in October 2015 while fires contribute only a minor amount to the Amazonian carbon flux anomaly. Anomalously large Amazonian carbon flux release is consistent with downregulation of primary productivity during peak negative near-surface water anomaly (October 2015 to March 2016) as diagnosed by solar-induced fluorescence. Finally, we find an unexpected anomalous positive flux to the atmosphere from tropical Africa early in 2016, coincident with substantial CO release.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The impact of the 2015/2016 El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications\uffe2\uff80\uff99.
", "keywords": ["Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics", "FLUX", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "550", "551", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Greenhouse Gases", "03 medical and health sciences", "[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL", "carbon cycle", "INVERSION", "Biology", "TEMPERATURE", "11 Medical and Health Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "tropical forests", "El Nino-Southern Oscillation", "Evolutionary Biology", "Tropical Climate", "Science & Technology", "Atmosphere", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "EQUATORIAL PACIFIC", "Articles", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "13. Climate action", "PRECIPITATION", "Remote Sensing Technology", "INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "CO2", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "SENSITIVITY", "environment", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/135234/8/Tropical%20land%20carbon%20cycle%20responses%20to%202015/16%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20as%20recorded%20by%20atmospheric%20greenhouse%20gas%20and%20remote%20sensing%20data.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2017.0302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2017.0302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-29", "title": "Investigating The Long-Term Legacy Of Drought And Warming On The Soil Microbial Community Across Five European Shrubland Ecosystems", "description": "AbstractWe investigated how the legacy of warming and summer drought affected microbial communities in five different replicated long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>10\uffc2\uffa0years) field experiments across Europe (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90FP7 INCREASE infrastructure). To focus explicitly on legacy effects (i.e., indirect rather than direct effects of the environmental factors), we measured microbial variables under the same moisture and temperature in a brief screening, and following a pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90incubation at stable conditions. Specifically, we investigated the size and composition of the soil microbial community (PLFA) alongside measurements of bacterial (leucine incorporation) and fungal (acetate in ergosterol incorporation) growth rates, previously shown to be highly responsive to changes in environmental factors, and microbial respiration. We found no legacy effects on the microbial community size, composition, growth rates, or basal respiration rates at the effect sizes used in our experimental setup (0.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, about 30% precipitation reduction). Our findings support previous reports from single short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecosystem studies thereby providing a clear evidence base to allow long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale generalizations to be made. The implication of our study is that warming and summer drought will not result in legacy effects on the microbial community and their processes within the effect sizes here studied. While legacy effects on microbial processes during perturbation cycles, such as drying\uffe2\uff80\uff93rewetting, and on tolerance to drought and warming remain to be studied, our results suggest that any effects on overall ecosystem processes will be rather limited. Thus, the legacies of warming and drought should not be prioritized factors to consider when modeling contemporary rates of biogeochemical processes in soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "Hot Temperature", "Bacteria", "soil C cycle", "Climate Change", "global climate change", "warming adaptation", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "6. Clean water", "ecosystem service", "Droughts", "Europe", "Leucine", "13. Climate action", "temperature acclimation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Acetic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-27", "title": "Canopy Warming Caused Photosynthetic Acclimation And Reduced Seed Yield In Maize Grown At Ambient And Elevated [Co2]", "description": "AbstractRising atmosphericCO2concentration ([CO2]) and attendant increases in growing season temperature are expected to be the most important global change factors impacting production agriculture. Although maize is the most highly produced crop worldwide, few studies have evaluated the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and temperature on its photosynthetic physiology, agronomic traits or biomass, and seed yield under open field conditions. This study investigates the effects of rising [CO2] and warmer temperature, independently and in combination, on maize grown in the field throughout a full growing season. Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90airCO2enrichment (FACE) technology was used to target atmospheric [CO2] to 200\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921above ambient [CO2] and infrared heaters to target a plant canopy increase of 3.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, with actual season mean heating of ~2.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, mimicking conditions predicted by the second half of this century. Photosynthetic gas\uffe2\uff80\uff90exchange parameters, leaf nitrogen and carbon content, leaf water potential components, and developmental measurements were collected throughout the season, and biomass and yield were measured at the end of the growing season. As predicted for a C4plant, elevated [CO2] did not stimulate photosynthesis, biomass, or yield. Canopy warming caused a large shift in aboveground allocation by stimulating season\uffe2\uff80\uff90long vegetative biomass and decreasing reproductive biomass accumulation at bothCO2concentrations, resulting in decreased harvest index. Warming caused a reduction in photosynthesis due to down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of photosynthetic biochemical parameters and the decrease in the electron transport rate. The reduction in seed yield with warming was driven by reduced photosynthetic capacity and by a shift in aboveground carbon allocation away from reproduction. This field study portends that future warming will reduce yield in maize, and this will not be mitigated by higher atmospheric [CO2] unless appropriate adaptation traits can be introduced into future cultivars.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "Hot Temperature", "13. Climate action", "Acclimatization", "Seeds", "Illinois", "Carbon Dioxide", "Photosynthesis", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-05", "title": "Physiological And Biochemical Responses Ofquercus Pubescensto Air Warming And Drought On Acidic And Calcareous Soils", "description": "AbstractThe drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant Quercus pubescens, a tree species growing on both acidic and calcareous soils in the sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean region, was exposed to soil drought (\uffe2\uff88\uff9260% to \uffe2\uff88\uff9280% soil water content) and air warming (+1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C daytime temperature), singly and in combination. The experiment was conducted on two natural forest soils with similar texture but different pH (acidic and calcareous soils). The physiological (photosynthesis) and biochemical (antioxidant system) responses of Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens were investigated. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens had a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) content than on calcareous soil, confirming that this species is better adapted to the latter soil type. A down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of ascorbate\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutathione cycle enzymes suggests that ROS were used as signalling molecules. Air warming stimulated stomatal opening, while soil drought induced stomatal closure in the late afternoon and reduced Rubisco carboxylation efficiency. Photosynthetic performance in the combined treatment was higher than under single drought stress and similar to control and air warming. Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens biochemical responses depended on soil pH. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens trees exposed to air warming used ROS as signalling molecules. On calcareous soil, these trees were able to balance both soil drought and air warming stress, avoiding ROS toxic effects by increasing antioxidant enzyme activitiy and maintaining a high enzymatic antioxidant defence. When combined, drought and air warming induced either more severe (higher oxidative pressure and impairment of the light\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvesting complex) or different responses (decline of the thermal energy dissipation capacity) relative to the single stressors. Overall, however, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens preserved the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus and controlled the antioxidant system response, thus confirming its drought and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerance and therefore its potential to adapt to the ongoing climate change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "Climate", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Down-Regulation", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "Quercus", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak", "Stress", " Physiological", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak.", "Air", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Oxidative Stress", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-30", "title": "Water Regime And Growth Of Young Oak Stands Subjected To Air-Warming And Drought On Two Different Forest Soils In A Model Ecosystem Experiment", "description": "AbstractGlobal climate change is expected to increase annual temperatures and decrease summer precipitation in Central Europe. Little is known of how forests respond to the interaction of these climate factors and if their responses depend on soil conditions. In a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year lysimeter experiment, we investigated the growth response of young mixed oak stands, on either acidic or calcareous soil, to soil water regime, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments corresponding to an intermediate climate change scenario. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments were applied separately as well as in combination. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming treatment had no effect on soil water availability, evapotranspiration or stand biomass. Decreased evapotranspiration from the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed stands led to significantly higher air and soil temperatures, which were attributed to impaired transpirational cooling. Water limitation significantly reduced the stand foliage, shoot and root biomass as droughts were severe, as shown in low leaf water potentials. Additional air warming did not enhance the drought effects on evapotranspiration and biomass, although more negative leaf water potentials were observed. After re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering, evapotranspiration increased within a few days to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought levels. Stands not subjected to the drought treatment produced significantly less biomass on the calcareous soil than on the acidic soil, probably due to P or Mn limitation. There was no difference in biomass and water regime between the two soils under drought conditions, indicating that nutrient availability was governed by water availability under these conditions. The results demonstrate that young oak stands can cope with severe drought and therefore can be considered for future forestry.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Root: shoot ratio", "Soil temperature", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Manganese", "Evapotranspiration", "Air", "Water use efficiency", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Plant Transpiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Structures", "Soil-plant interactions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-22", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics In Oak Model Ecosystems Subjected To Air Warming And Drought On Two Different Soils", "description": "AbstractBeing tolerant to heat and drought, oaks are promising candidates for future forestry in view of climate change inCentralEurope. Air warming is expected to increase, and drought decrease soilNavailability and thusNsupply to trees. Here, we conducted a model ecosystem experiment, in which mixed stands of young oaks (Quercus robur,Q.\uffc2\uffa0petraeaandQ.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens) were grown on two different soils and subjected to four climate treatments during three growing seasons: air warming by 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, drought periods (average precipitation reduction of 43\uffe2\uff80\uff9360%), a combination of these two treatments, and a control. In contrast to our hypotheses, neither air warming nor drought significantly affectedNavailability, whereas total amounts, vertical distribution and availability of soilNshowed substantial differences between the two soils. While air warming had no effect on tree growth andNaccumulation, the drought treatment reduced tree growth and increased, or tended to increase,Naccumulation in the reduced biomass, indicating that growth was not limited byN. Furthermore,15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelling revealed that this accumulation was associated with an increased uptake of nitrate. On the basis of our results, climate change effects onNdynamics are expected to be less important in oak stands than reduced soil water availability.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Rain", "Quercus petraea", "Nitrate", "Global Warming", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "Stress", " Physiological", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Nitrates", "Air", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "15N tracer", "Recovery rate", "Quercus pubescens", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Quercus robur", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-02", "title": "Thermal Adaptation Of Soil Microbial Respiration To Elevated Temperature", "description": "AbstractIn the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term heterotrophic soil respiration is strongly and positively related to temperature. In the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, its response to temperature is uncertain. One reason for this is because in field experiments increases in respiration due to warming are relatively short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived. The explanations proposed for this ephemeral response include depletion of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling, soil carbon pools and thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. Using a >\uffe2\uff80\uff8315\uffe2\uff80\uff83year soil warming experiment in a mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude forest, we show that the apparent \uffe2\uff80\uff98acclimation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 of soil respiration at the ecosystem scale results from combined effects of reductions in soil carbon pools and microbial biomass, and thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. Mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates were lower when seasonal temperatures were higher, suggesting that rate reductions under experimental warming likely occurred through temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the microbial community. Our results imply that stimulatory effects of global temperature rise on soil respiration rates may be lower than currently predicted.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Physiological", "adaptation", "carbon cycling", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "climate warming", "thermal biology", "Soil", "Biomass", "Adaptation", "Soil Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology", "Ecology", "temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "Climate Action", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Ecological Applications", "Regression Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Seasons", "microbial community", "Acclimation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1kz5j4pn/qt1kz5j4pn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-26", "title": "Land-atmospheric feedbacks during droughts and heatwaves: state of the science and current challenges", "description": "AbstractDroughts and heatwaves cause agricultural loss, forest mortality, and drinking water scarcity, especially when they occur simultaneously as combined events. Their predicted increase in recurrence and intensity poses serious threats to future food security. Still today, the knowledge of how droughts and heatwaves start and evolve remains limited, and so does our understanding of how climate change may affect them. Droughts and heatwaves have been suggested to intensify and propagate via land\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere feedbacks. However, a global capacity to observe these processes is still lacking, and climate and forecast models are immature when it comes to representing the influences of land on temperature and rainfall. Key open questions remain in our goal to uncover the real importance of these feedbacks: What is the impact of the extreme meteorological conditions on ecosystem evaporation? How do these anomalies regulate the atmospheric boundary layer state (event self\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensification) and contribute to the inflow of heat and moisture to other regions (event self\uffe2\uff80\uff90propagation)? Can this knowledge on the role of land feedbacks, when available, be exploited to develop geo\uffe2\uff80\uff90engineering mitigation strategies that prevent these events from aggravating during their early stages? The goal of our perspective is not to present a convincing answer to these questions, but to assess the scientific progress to date, while highlighting new and innovative avenues to keep advancing our understanding in the future.
", "keywords": ["Hot Temperature", "Climate Change", "drought", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "heatwave", "SURFACE EVAPORATION", "CLIMATE EXTREMES", "Humans", "drought; heatwave; land feedback; land\u2013atmospheric interactions", "land feedback", "land\u2013atmospheric interactions", "SAHEL CLIMATE", "Ecosystem", "HEAT-WAVE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "SUMMER", "WATER-VAPOR", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "land-atmospheric interactions", "GRASSLAND ENERGY-EXCHANGE", "Perspectives"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20the%20New%20York%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0076447", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-26", "title": "The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Response To Warming And Grazing Differs Between Soil And Roots On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with most plant species in terrestrial ecosystems, and are affected by environmental variations. To reveal the impact of disturbance on an AM fungal community under future global warming, we examined the abundance and community composition of AM fungi in both soil and mixed roots in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Warming and grazing had no significant effect on AM root colonization, spore density and extraradical hyphal density. A total of 65 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AM fungi were identified from soil and roots using molecular techniques. AM fungal OTU richness was higher in soil (54 OTUs) than in roots (34 OTUs), and some AM fungi that differed between soil and roots, showed significantly biased occurrence to warming or grazing. Warming and grazing did not significantly affect AM fungal OTU richness in soil, but warming with grazing significantly increased AM fungal OTU richness in roots compared to the grazing-only treatment. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the AM fungal community composition was significantly different between soil and roots, and was significantly affected by grazing in roots, whereas in soil it was significantly affected by warming and plant species richness. The results suggest that the AM fungal community responds differently to warming and grazing in soil compared with roots. This study provides insights into the role of AM fungi under global environmental change scenarios in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Science", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Population Dynamics", "Global Warming", "Plant Roots", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "01 natural sciences", "Species Specificity", "Mycorrhizae", "Herbivory", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Base Sequence", "Models", " Genetic", "Altitude", "Q", "R", "Bayes Theorem", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Spores", " Fungal", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076447"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0076447", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0076447", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0076447"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/05-0685", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-06", "title": "Experimental Warming, Not Grazing, Decreases Rangeland Quality On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "We investigated experimental warming and simulated grazing (clipping) effects on rangeland quality, as indicated by vegetation production and nutritive quality, in winter-grazed meadows and summer-grazed shrublands on the Tibetan Plateau, a rangeland system experiencing climatic and pastoral land use changes. Warming decreased total aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 40 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) at the meadow habitats and decreased palatable ANPP (total ANPP minus non-palatable forb ANPP) by 10 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) at both habitats. The decreased production of the medicinal forb Gentiana straminea and the increased production of the non-palatable forb Stellera chamaejasme with warming also reduced rangeland quality. At the shrubland habitats, warming resulted in less digestible shrubs, whose foliage contains 25% digestible dry matter (DDM), replacing more digestible graminoids, whose foliage contains 60% DDM. This shift from graminoids to shrubs not only results in lower-quality forage, but could also have important consequences for future domestic herd composition. Although warming extended the growing season in non-clipped plots, the reduced rangeland quality due to decreased vegetative production and nutritive quality will likely overwhelm the improved rangeland quality associated with an extended growing season. Grazing maintained or improved rangeland quality by increasing total ANPP by 20-40 g x m(-2) x yr(-1) with no effect on palatable ANPP. Grazing effects on forage nutritive quality, as measured by foliar nitrogen and carbon content and by shifts in plant group ANPP, resulted in improved forage quality. Grazing extended the growing season at both habitats, and it advanced the growing season at the meadows. Synergistic interactions between warming and grazing were present, such that grazing mediated the warming-induced declines in vegetation production and nutritive quality. Moreover, combined treatment effects were nonadditive, suggesting that we cannot predict the combined effect of global changes and human activities from single-factor studies. Our findings suggest that the rangelands on the Tibetan Plateau, and the pastoralists who depend on them, may be vulnerable to future climate changes. Grazing can mitigate the negative warming effects on rangeland quality. For example, grazing management may be an important tool to keep warming-induced shrub expansion in check. Moreover, flexible and opportunistic grazing management will be required in a warmer future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hot Temperature", "Time Factors", "Population Dynamics", "Agriculture", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Tibet", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Animals", " Domestic", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Julia A. Klein, John Harte, Xinquan Zhao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0685"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/05-0685", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/05-0685", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/05-0685"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/14-0088.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-18", "title": "Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Microbial Functions And Enzymes Are Stronger Than Warming In A Grassland Experiment", "description": "Anthropogenic changes in biodiversity and atmospheric temperature significantly influence ecosystem processes. However, little is known about potential interactive effects of plant diversity and warming on essential ecosystem properties, such as soil microbial functions and element cycling. We studied the effects of orthogonal manipulations of plant diversity (one, four, and 16 species) and warming (ambient, +1.5\uffc2\uffb0C, and +3\uffc2\uffb0C) on soil microbial biomass, respiration, growth after nutrient additions, and activities of extracellular enzymes in 2011 and 2012 in the BAC (biodiversity and climate) perennial grassland experiment site at Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Focal enzymes are involved in essential biogeochemical processes of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Soil microbial biomass and some enzyme activities involved in the C and N cycle increased significantly with increasing plant diversity in both years. In addition, 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixtures buffered warming induced reductions in topsoil water content. We found no interactive effects of plant diversity and warming on soil microbial biomass and growth rates. However, the activity of several enzymes (1,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, 1,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosaminidase, phosphatase, peroxidase) depended on interactions between plant diversity and warming with elevated activities of enzymes involved in the C, N, and P cycles at both high plant diversity and high warming levels. Increasing plant diversity consistently decreased microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific enzyme activities and altered soil microbial growth responses to nutrient additions, indicating that plant diversity changed nutrient limitations and/or microbial community composition. In contrast to our expectations, higher plant diversity only buffered temperature effects on soil water content, but not on microbial functions. Temperature effects on some soil enzymes were greatest at high plant diversity. In total, our results suggest that the fundamental temperature ranges of soil microbial communities may be sufficiently broad to buffer their functioning against changes in temperature and that plant diversity may be a dominant control of soil microbial processes in a changing world.
", "keywords": ["aboveground-belowground interactions", "Hot Temperature", "warming", "Climate Change", "biodiversity-ecosystem functioning", "global warming", "soil microbial ecology", "Soil", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Biomass", "global change", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "grasslands", "extracellular enzymes", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "plant diversity", "Enzymes", "grassland ecosystem", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0088.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/14-0088.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/14-0088.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/14-0088.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Methane Emissions Of Rice Increased By Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Temperature", "description": "ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) effluxes by paddy\uffe2\uff80\uff90culture rice (Oryza sativa L.) contribute about 16% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Since radiative forcing of CH4 at current atmospheric concentrations is 21 times greater on a per mole basis than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), it is imperative that the impact of global change on rice CH4 emissions be evaluated. Rice (cv. IR72) was planted in sunlit, closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90circulation, controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90environment chambers in which CH4 efflux densities were measured daily. The CO2 concentration was maintained at either 330 or 660 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Air temperatures were controlled to daily maxima and minima of 32/23, 35/26, and 38/29\uffc2\uffb0C at each CO2 treatment. Emissions of CH4 each day were determined during a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90h period after venting and resealing the chambers at 0800 h. Diurnal CH4 effluxes on 77, 98, and 119 d after planting (DAP) were obtained similarly at 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90h intervals. Emissions over four\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant hills and over flooded bare soil were measured at 53, 63, and 100 DAP. Emissions were negligible before 40 DAP. Thereafter, emissions were observed first in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatments and reached a sustained maximum efflux density of about 7 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (0.17 g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) near the end of the growing season. Total seasonal CH4 emission was fourfold greater for high\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatments than for the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatment, probably due to more root sloughing or exudates, since about sixfold more acetate was found in the soil at 71 DAP. Both rising CO2 and increasing temperatures could lead to a positive feedback on global warming by increasing the emissions of CH4 from rice.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Hot Temperature", "Atmosphere", "Air", "Temperature", "Oryza", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Environment", " Controlled", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Humans", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leon Hartwell Allen, Wilfredo Col\u00f3n-Guasp, Stephen A. Covell, Kenneth J. Boote, Deyun Pan, Stephan L. Albrecht, Jeffrey T. Baker,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1978"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.1978"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2011.0207", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-05", "title": "Biochar Pyrolyzed At Two Temperatures Affects Escherichia Coli Transport Through A Sandy Soil", "description": "The incorporation of biochar into soils has been proposed as a means to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. An added environmental benefit is that biochar has also been shown to increase soil retention of nutrients, heavy metals, and pesticides. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether biochar amendments affect the transport of Escherichia coli through a water-saturated soil. We looked at the transport of three E. coli isolates through 10-cm columns packed with a fine sandy soil amended with 2 or 10% (w/w) poultry litter biochar pyrolyzed at 350 or 700\u00b0C. For all three isolates, mixing the high-temperature biochar at a rate of 2% into the soil had no impact on transport behavior. When added at a rate of 10%, a reduction of five orders of magnitude in the amount of E. coli transported through the soil was observed for two of the isolates, and a 60% reduction was observed for the third isolate. Mixing the low-temperature biochar into the soil resulted in enhanced transport through the soil for two of the isolates, whereas no significant differences in transport behavior were observed between the low-temperature and high-temperature biochar amendments for one isolate. Our results show that the addition of biochar can affect the retention and transport behavior of E. coli and that biochar application rate, biochar pyrolysis temperature, and bacterial surface characteristics were important factors determining the transport of E. coli through our test soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hot Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Escherichia coli", "Water Movements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Adsorption", "Water Microbiology", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sergio M. Abit, Carl H. Bolster,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0207"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2011.0207", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2011.0207", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2011.0207"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Hot+Temperature&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Hot+Temperature&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Hot+Temperature&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Hot+Temperature&offset=25", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 25, "numberReturned": 25, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-31T03:10:52.487838Z"}