{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "2078.1/273814", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-18", "title": "Evidence for late winter biogeochemical connectivity in permafrost soils", "description": "Abstract

The permafrost active layer is a key supplier of soil organic carbon and mineral nutrients to Arctic rivers. In the active layer, sites of soil-water exchange are locations for organic carbon and nutrient mobilization. Previously these sites were considered as connected during summer months and isolated during winter months. Whether soil pore waters in active layer soils are connected during shoulder seasons is poorly understood. In this study, exceptionally heavy silicon isotope compositions in soil pore waters show that during late winter, there is no connection between isolated pockets of soil pore water in soils with a shallow active layer. However, lighter silicon isotope compositions in soil pore waters reveal that soils are biogeochemically connected for longer than previously considered in soils with a deeper active layer. We show that an additional 21% of the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffe2\uff80\uff89m soil organic carbon stock is exposed to soil - water exchange. This marks a hot moment during a dormant season, and an engine for organic carbon transport from active layer soils. Our findings mark the starting point to locate earlier pathways for biogeochemical connectivity, which need to be urgently monitored to quantify the seasonal flux of organic carbon released from permafrost soils.

Abstract. Permafrost ecosystems are limited in nutrients for vegetation development and constrain the biological activity to the active layer. Upon Arctic warming, permafrost thaw exposes large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC) to decomposition and minerals to weathering but also releases organic and mineral soil material that may directly influence the soil exchange properties (cation exchange capacity, CEC, and base saturation, BS). The soil exchange properties are key for nutrient base cation supply (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+) for vegetation growth and development. In this study, we investigate the distributions of soil exchange properties within Arctic tundra permafrost soils at Eight Mile Lake (Interior Alaska, USA) because they will dictate the potential reservoir of newly thawed nutrients and thereby influence soil biological activity and vegetation nutrient sources. Our results highlight much lower CEC density in surface horizons (\u223c9400\u2009cmolc\u2009m\u22123) than in the mineral horizons of the active layer (\u223c16\u2009000\u2009cmolc\u2009m\u22123) or in permafrost soil horizons (\u223c12\u2009000\u2009cmolc\u2009m\u22123). Together, with the overall increase in CEC density with depth and the overall increase in BS (percentage of CEC occupied by exchangeable base cations Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+) with depth (from \u223c19\u2009% in organic surface horizons to 62\u2009% in permafrost soil horizons), the total exchangeable base cation density (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ in g\u2009m\u22123) is up to 5\u00a0times higher in the permafrost than in the active layer. More specifically, the exchangeable base cation density in the 20\u2009cm upper part of permafrost about to thaw is \u223c850\u2009g\u2009m\u22123 for Caexch, 45\u2009g\u2009m\u22123 for Kexch, 200\u2009g\u2009m\u22123 for Mgexch, and 150\u2009g\u2009m\u22123 for Naexch. This estimate is needed for future ecosystem prediction models to provide constraints on the size of the reservoir in exchangeable nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) about to thaw. All data described in this paper are stored in Dataverse, the online repository of Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, and are accessible through the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.14428/DVN/FQVMEP (Mauclet et al., 2022b).

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "nutrient", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "arctic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/277749"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/277749", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/277749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/277749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/255171", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Geological archives in the Arctic", "description": "Ice-rich permafrost deposits will be transformed in large puddles of water in the coming decades, but before this happens, scientists want to collect information to better understand our past and predict our future, as explained by Arthur Monhonval", "keywords": ["13. Climate action"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Monhonval, Arthur", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/255171"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/255171", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/255171", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/255171"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/258216", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-02", "title": "Seasonal Changes in Hydrology and Permafrost Degradation Control Mineral Element\u2010Bound DOC Transport From Permafrost Soils to Streams", "description": "Abstract

Mineral elements bind to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in permafrost soils, and this may contribute to the stabilization or the degradation of organic carbon along the soil to river continuum. Permafrost thaw enlarges the pool of soil constituents available for soil to river transfer. The unknown is how changes in hydrology upon permafrost degradation affect the connection between soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived mineral element\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound DOC and headwater streams. Here, we study Al, Fe, Ca, and DOC concentrations in water from a headwater stream at Eight Mile Lake, Alaska, USA (colloidal [0.22 \uffce\uffbcm\uffe2\uff80\uff931 kDa] and truly dissolved [<1\uffc2\uffa0kDa] fractions) and in soil pore waters sampled across a gradient of permafrost degradation at the same location. We target the peak flow to base flow transition to show that there is a narrow window of mineral element\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound DOC colloid transport from soils to streams. We show that during spring thaw and maximum thaw there is an enhanced lateral transfer of mineral element\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound DOC colloids in extensively degraded sites compared to minimally degraded sites. This is explained by a more rapid response of hydrology at peak flow to base flow transition at degraded sites. Our results suggest that ongoing permafrost degradation and the associated response of soils to changing hydrology can be detected by targeting the composition and size of mineral element\uffe2\uff80\uff90DOC associations in soil waters and headwater streams during peak flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90baseflow transitions.

Plant roots exhibit plasticity in their branching patterns to forage efficiently for heterogeneously distributed resources, such as soil water. The xerobranching response represses lateral root formation when roots lose contact with water. Here, we show that xerobranching is regulated by radial movement of the phloem-derived hormone abscisic acid, which disrupts intercellular communication between inner and outer cell layers through plasmodesmata. Closure of these intercellular pores disrupts the inward movement of the hormone signal auxin, blocking lateral root branching. Once root tips regain contact with moisture, the abscisic acid response rapidly attenuates. Our study reveals how roots adapt their branching pattern to heterogeneous soil water conditions by linking changes in hydraulic flux with dynamic hormone redistribution.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "550", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Plasmodesmata", "Arabidopsis", "Water", "Phloem", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/180301/1/Poonam_add3771_Main_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/267255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/267255", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/267255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/267255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/275451", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-02", "title": "Mineral organic carbon interactions in dry versus wet tundra soils", "description": "Mineral organic carbon interactions (aggregation, organo-mineral associations and organo-metallic complexes) enhance the protection of organic carbon (OC) from microbial degradation in soils. The northern circumpolar permafrost region stores between 1,440 and 1,600 Pg OC of which a significant portion is already thawed or about to thaw in coming years. In the light of this tipping point for climate change, any mechanism that can promote OC stabilization and hence mitigate OC mineralization and greenhouse gas emissions is of crucial interest. Here, we study interactions between metals (Fe, Al, Mn and Ca) and OC in the moist acidic tundra ecosystem of Eight Mile Lake, near Healy, AK, USA. We collected thirteen cores (124 soil samples) in late summer 2019 with shallow and deep active layers (45 to 109 cm deep) and varying water table depths. We find that between 6% and 59% of total OC in Eight Mile Lake tundra soils is mineral-associated (mean 20%), in organomineral associations (association between poorly crystalline oxides and OC) and in organo-metallic complexes (associations between Fe, Mn, Al, Ca polyvalent cations and organic acids). We find that total Fe and Mn concentrations can be used as good proxies to assess the reactive pool of these metals able to form associations with OC, i.e., poorly crystalline oxides or metals complexed with OC. We observe that in the active layer, mineral OC interactions are mostly as organo-metallic complexes with Fe cations, with an accumulation at the water table level acting as a soil redox interface. In waterlogged soils with a water table level above surface, no such accumulation of OC-Fe complexes is found due to the absence of a redox interface below soil surface. In the permafrost layer, we find that a combination of complexed metals and poorly crystalline Fe oxides act as reactive phases towards OC. Knowing that upon permafrost thaw tundra soils will become wetter or drier, the assessment of mineral-bound OC in drier or wetter tundra soils is a needed step to better constrain the changes in the proportion of non-protected OC more likely to contribute to C emissions from tundra soils.", "keywords": ["mineral-associated organic carbon", "metal complexation", "Permafrost", "eight mile lake", "Thawing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/275451"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/275451", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/275451", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/275451"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/293939", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-25", "title": "Frazil ice changes winter biogeochemical processes in the Lena River", "description": "The ice-covered period of large Arctic rivers is shortening. To what extent will this affect biogeochemical processing of nutrients? Here we reveal, with silicon isotopes (\u03b430Si), a key winter pathway for nutrients under river ice. During colder winter phases in the Lena River catchment, conditions are met for frazil ice accumulation, which creates microzones. These are conducive to a lengthened reaction time for biogeochemical processes under ice. The heavier \u03b430Si values (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 \u2030) in river water reflect that 39\u2009\u00b1\u200911% of the Lena River discharge went through these microzones. Freezing-driven amorphous silica precipitation concomitant to increased ammonium concentration and changes in dissolved organic carbon aromaticity in Lena River water support microbially mediated processing of nutrients in the microzones. Upon warming, suppressing loci for winter intra-river nitrogen processing is likely to modify the balance between N2O production and consumption, a greenhouse gas with a large global warming potential.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "/704/242 ; Article ; /704/106/125 ; /704/47/4112 ; /704/172/169/209 ; article", "Geology", "GE1-350", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/293939"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/293939", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/293939", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/293939"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/296805", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-06", "title": "Lena River biogeochemistry captured by a 4.5-year high-frequency sampling program", "description": "

Abstract. The Siberian Arctic is warming rapidly, causing permafrost to thaw and altering the biogeochemistry of aquatic environments, with cascading effects on the coastal and shelf ecosystems of the Arctic Ocean. The Lena River, one of the largest Arctic rivers, drains a catchment dominated by permafrost. Baseline discharge biogeochemistry data are necessary to understand present and future changes in land-to-ocean fluxes. Here, we present a high-frequency 4.5-year-long dataset from a sampling program of the Lena River's biogeochemistry, spanning April\u00a02018 to August\u00a02022. The dataset comprises 587 sampling events and measurements of various parameters, including water temperature, electrical conductivity, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, dissolved organic carbon concentration and 14C, colored and fluorescent dissolved organic matter, dissolved inorganic and total nutrients, and dissolved elemental and ion concentrations. Sampling consistency and continuity and data quality were ensured through simple sampling protocols, real-time communication, and collaboration with local and international partners. The data are available as a collection of datasets separated by parameter groups and periods at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913197 (Juhls et al., 2020b). To our knowledge, this dataset provides an unprecedented temporal resolution of an Arctic river's biogeochemistry. This makes it a unique baseline on which future environmental changes, including changes in river hydrology, at temporal scales from precipitation event to seasonal to interannual can be detected.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_on_land; name=SDG 15 - Life on Land", "GE1-350", "Geology", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/296805"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/296805", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/296805", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/296805"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "208fa919-0a82-4e0f-a7a3-90847f4df60a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "nl", "title": "Canal systems to aerial view", "description": "This map shows the trench systems drawn on the basis of the aerial photographs.", "formats": [{"name": "KML"}], "keywords": ["be", "bodem", "bodemmechanica", "databank-ondergrond-vlaanderen", "departement-mobiliteit-en-openbare-werken", "dov", "geologie", "geulenstelsels-naar-luchtfoto", "ondergrond", "vlaanderen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Departement Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken (MOW) - Afdeling Geotechniek", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://org.belgif.be/id/CbeEstablishmentUnit/2143719695", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://metadata.vlaanderen.be/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/dc9b6670-d2f2-46f8-acb8-21d891bc56bb"}, {"href": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/DataCatalogRecord/dc9b6670-d2f2-46f8-acb8-21d891bc56bb"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/208fa919-0a82-4e0f-a7a3-90847f4df60a"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "208fa919-0a82-4e0f-a7a3-90847f4df60a", "name": "item", "description": "208fa919-0a82-4e0f-a7a3-90847f4df60a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/208fa919-0a82-4e0f-a7a3-90847f4df60a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0000-CD53-C", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2017-11-13", "title": "Global Carbon Budget 2017", "description": "

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere \u2013 the 'global carbon budget' \u2013 is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of our imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as \u00b11\u03c3. For the last decade available (2007\u20132016), EFF was 9.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, ELUC 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, GATM 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, SOCEAN 2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, and SLAND 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, GATM was 6.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, SOCEAN was 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121 and SLAND was 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121, with a small BIM of \u22120.3\u2009GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007\u20132016), reflecting in part the higher fossil emissions and smaller SLAND for that year consistent with El Ni\u00f1o conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0\u2009% (range of 0.8\u2009% to 3.0\u2009%) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of Gross Domestic Product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. For 2017, initial data indicate an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of around 5.3\u2009GtC (2.5\u2009ppm), attributed to a combination of increasing emissions and receding El Ni\u00f1o conditions. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 et al., 2016; 2015b; 2015a; 2014; 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0000-CD53-C"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0000-CD53-C", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0000-CD53-C", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0000-CD53-C"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20aecd9d-9fd8-4eb2-8abe-1844d21a5074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-11-20T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Indicative focus areas foundation problems ATOM", "description": "Map with indicative focus areas foundation problems. This map shows the number of dwellings built before 1970 in regions with less load-bearing soil.", "formats": [{"name": "INSPIRE DOWNLOAD SERVICE"}], "keywords": ["bodem", "bouw", "fundering", "kcaf", "nl"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://service.pdok.nl/rvo/indgebfunderingsproblematiek/atom/v1_0/index.xml"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/20aecd9d-9fd8-4eb2-8abe-1844d21a5074"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20aecd9d-9fd8-4eb2-8abe-1844d21a5074", "name": "item", "description": "20aecd9d-9fd8-4eb2-8abe-1844d21a5074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20aecd9d-9fd8-4eb2-8abe-1844d21a5074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "20f6245e-40bc-4ade-aff3-a87d3e4fcc26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -56.0], [-180.0, 84.0], [180.0, 84.0], [180.0, -56.0], [-180.0, -56.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Global"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:38", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "SoilGrids250m 2017-03 - Clay content (0-2 micro meter) mass fraction", "description": "Clay content (0-2 micro meter) mass fraction in % at 7 standard depths predicted using the global compilation of soil ground observations. Accuracy assessement of the maps is availble in Hengl et at. (2017) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169748. Data provided as GeoTIFFs with internal compression (co='COMPRESS=DEFLATE'). Measurement units: w%.", "formats": [{"name": "GTiff"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["clay", "digital soil mapping", "Soil science", "Global"], "contacts": [{"name": "Bas Kempen", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Soil mapping specialist", "roles": ["Principal investigator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bas.kempen@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Tom Hengl", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Former staff", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "None"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "distancevalue": "250", "distanceuom": "m"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl1_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 0 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl2_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 5 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl3_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 15 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl4_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 30 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl5_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 60 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl6_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 100 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/former/2017-03-10/data/CLYPPT_M_sl7_250m_ll.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth 200 cm", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169748", "name": "Scientific paper", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://www.isric.org/explore/soilgrids/faq-soilgrids-2017", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/sg250m/18.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20f6245e-40bc-4ade-aff3-a87d3e4fcc26", "name": "item", "description": "20f6245e-40bc-4ade-aff3-a87d3e4fcc26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20f6245e-40bc-4ade-aff3-a87d3e4fcc26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1950-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0000-F094-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-27", "title": "GOLUM-CNP v1.0: a data-driven modeling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in major terrestrial biomes", "description": "

Abstract. Global terrestrial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles are coupled to the global carbon (C) cycle for net primary production (NPP), plant C allocation, and decomposition of soil organic matter, but N and P have distinct pathways of inputs and losses. Current C-nutrient models exhibit large uncertainties in their estimates of pool sizes, fluxes, and turnover rates of nutrients, due to a lack of consistent global data for evaluating the models. In this study, we present a new model\u2013data fusion framework called the Global Observation-based Land-ecosystems Utilization Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus (GOLUM-CNP) that combines the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) data-constrained C-cycle analysis with spatially explicit data-driven estimates of N and P inputs and losses and with observed stoichiometric ratios. We calculated the steady-state N- and P-pool sizes and fluxes globally for large biomes. Our study showed that new N inputs from biological fixation and deposition supplied >20\u2009% of total plant uptake in most forest ecosystems but accounted for smaller fractions in boreal forests and grasslands. New P inputs from atmospheric deposition and rock weathering supplied a much smaller fraction of total plant uptake than new N inputs, indicating the importance of internal P recycling within ecosystems to support plant growth. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to plant nutrient uptake, were diagnosed from our model results and compared between biomes. Tropical forests had the lowest N-use efficiency and the highest P-use efficiency of the forest biomes. An analysis of sensitivity and uncertainty indicated that the NPP-allocation fractions to leaves, roots, and wood contributed the most to the uncertainties in the estimates of nutrient-use efficiencies. Correcting for biases in NPP-allocation fractions produced more plausible gradients of N- and P-use efficiencies from tropical to boreal ecosystems and highlighted the critical role of accurate measurements of C allocation for understanding the N and P cycles.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Deposition (geology)", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Biome", "Taiga", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Primary production", "Nutrient Cycling", "Life Sciences", "Phosphorus", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "Nitrogen Cycle", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "environment", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "New production", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "Paleontology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Phytoplankton", "Sediment", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/3903/2018/gmd-11-3903-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0000-F094-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0000-F094-9", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0000-F094-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0000-F094-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-12", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Persistence as a Stochastic Process: Age and Transit Time Distributions of Carbon in Soils", "description": "

The question of why some types of organic matter are more persistent while others decompose quickly in soils has motivated a large amount of research in recent years. Persistence is commonly characterized as turnover or mean residence time of soil organic matter (SOM). However, turnover and residence times are ambiguous measures of persistence, because they could represent the concept of either age or transit time. To disambiguate these concepts and propose a metric to assess SOM persistence, we calculated age and transit time distributions for a wide range of soil organic carbon models. Furthermore, we show how age and transit time distributions can be obtained from a stochastic approach that takes a deterministic model of mass transfers among different pools and creates an equivalent stochastic model at the level of atoms. Using this approach we show the following: (1) Age distributions have relatively old mean values and long tails in relation to transit time distributions, suggesting that carbon stored in soils is on average much older than carbon in the release flux. (2) The difference between mean ages and mean transit times is large, with estimates of soil organic carbon persistence on the order of centuries or millennia when assessed using ages and on the order of decades when using transit or turnover times. (3) The age distribution is an appropriate metric to characterize persistence of SOM. An important implication of our analysis is that random chance is a factor that helps to explain why some organic matter persists for millennia in soil.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aging", "time scales", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "soil models", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Geochemistry", "Climate change impacts and adaptation", "13. Climate action", "Geoinformatics", "Earth Sciences", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "model diagnostics", "Research Articles", "biogeochemical cycling", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005950"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2sh647x7/qt2sh647x7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0004-8E59-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-23", "title": "Usable Pasts Forum: Critically Engaging Food Security", "description": "In this inaugural Usable Pasts Forum, we make the case
that archaeology has a critical role to play in reframing
approaches to food security in the African continent.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0601 history and archaeology", "06 humanities and the arts"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0004-8E59-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/African%20Archaeological%20Review", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0004-8E59-9", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0004-8E59-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0004-8E59-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0000-F096-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-27", "title": "GOLUM-CNP v1.0: a data-driven modeling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in major terrestrial biomes", "description": "

Abstract. Global terrestrial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles are coupled to the global carbon (C) cycle for net primary production (NPP), plant C allocation, and decomposition of soil organic matter, but N and P have distinct pathways of inputs and losses. Current C-nutrient models exhibit large uncertainties in their estimates of pool sizes, fluxes, and turnover rates of nutrients, due to a lack of consistent global data for evaluating the models. In this study, we present a new model\u2013data fusion framework called the Global Observation-based Land-ecosystems Utilization Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus (GOLUM-CNP) that combines the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) data-constrained C-cycle analysis with spatially explicit data-driven estimates of N and P inputs and losses and with observed stoichiometric ratios. We calculated the steady-state N- and P-pool sizes and fluxes globally for large biomes. Our study showed that new N inputs from biological fixation and deposition supplied >20\u2009% of total plant uptake in most forest ecosystems but accounted for smaller fractions in boreal forests and grasslands. New P inputs from atmospheric deposition and rock weathering supplied a much smaller fraction of total plant uptake than new N inputs, indicating the importance of internal P recycling within ecosystems to support plant growth. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to plant nutrient uptake, were diagnosed from our model results and compared between biomes. Tropical forests had the lowest N-use efficiency and the highest P-use efficiency of the forest biomes. An analysis of sensitivity and uncertainty indicated that the NPP-allocation fractions to leaves, roots, and wood contributed the most to the uncertainties in the estimates of nutrient-use efficiencies. Correcting for biases in NPP-allocation fractions produced more plausible gradients of N- and P-use efficiencies from tropical to boreal ecosystems and highlighted the critical role of accurate measurements of C allocation for understanding the N and P cycles.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Deposition (geology)", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Biome", "Taiga", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Primary production", "Nutrient Cycling", "Life Sciences", "Phosphorus", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "Nitrogen Cycle", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "environment", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "New production", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "Paleontology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Phytoplankton", "Sediment", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/3903/2018/gmd-11-3903-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0000-F096-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0000-F096-7", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0000-F096-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0000-F096-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0003-8627-A", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-26", "title": "Isolation of Individual Saturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived From Groundwater Phospholipids by Preparative High\u2010Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Compound\u2010Specific Radiocarbon Analyses", "description": "Abstract

Determining the biogeochemical pathways utilized by microbes living in groundwater is essential for understanding the subsurface C cycle and the fate of organic compounds, including pollutants. The radiocarbon signature (\uffce\uff9414C) of fatty acid methyl esters derived from microbial phospholipids (PLFA) provides useful information for differentiating microbial C sources and infering microbial metabolism. However, in subsurface environments, those analyses remain challenging. Here we present a method combining large volume groundwater filtration (up to 10,000\uffc2\uffa0L) and PLFA purification for subsequent compound\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific radiocarbon analyses. The analytical method involves conventional chemical extraction of PLFA followed by purification of individual compounds by semipreparative high\uffe2\uff80\uff90performance liquid chromatography. Different saturated PLFA in amounts of up to 10\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcg each can be simultaneously separated on a C18 high\uffe2\uff80\uff90load column using a mixture of MeOH/water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Our procedure introduced dead\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cext contaminations of 0.57\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29 and 0.35\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.18\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcg for the high\uffe2\uff80\uff90performance liquid chromatography and combustion/graphitization steps of the sample preparation, respectively. However, tests on different high\uffe2\uff80\uff90performance liquid chromatography C18 columns revealed a large difference in dead Cext associated with column bleed. Modern Cext in the amount of 0.40\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.20\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcg was introduced by the combustion/graphitization step of the sample preparation, but other steps did not add modern Cext. The entire method recovered \uffe2\uff88\uffbc50% of the purified compounds on average, but this did not affect their 14C content. This method will allow routine analysis of the \uffce\uff9414C of PLFA isolated from groundwaters or other sample types, revealing the relationships between microbial and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C, sedimentary or dissolved C sources.

Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90reserves in the wood.

We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (\uffce\uff9414C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars.

During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while \uffce\uff9414C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5\uffc2\uffa0yr from samples collected 27\uffc2\uffa0d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and \uffce\uff9414C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool.

These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change.

Abstract. A widely overlooked source of carbon (C) in the soil environment is organic carbon (OC) of geogenic origin, e.g. graphite, occurring mostly in metamorphic rocks. Appropriate methods are not available to quantify graphite and to differentiate it from other organic and inorganic C sources in soils. This methodological shortcoming also complicates studies on OC in soils formed on graphite-containing bedrock because of the unknown contribution of a very different soil OC source. In this study, we examined Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the smart combustion method for their ability to identify and quantify graphitic C in soils. For this purpose, several artificial soil samples with graphite, CaCO3 and plant litter as the usual C components were created. A graphitic standard was mixed with pure quartz and a natural soil for calibration and validation of the methods over a graphitic C range of 0.1\u2009% to 4\u2009%. Furthermore, rock and soil material from a graphite-bearing schist and a schist without natural graphite were used for method validation. FTIR. As specific signal intensities of distinct graphite absorption bands were missing, calibration could only be performed on general effects of graphite contents on the energy transmitted through the samples. The use of samples from different mineral origins yielded significant matrix effects and hampered the prediction of geogenic graphite contents in soils. TGA. Thermogravimetric analysis, based on changes in mass loss due to differences in thermal stabilities, is suggested as a useful method for graphite identification, although (calcium) carbonate and graphitic C have a similar thermal stability. However, the quantitative estimation of the graphite contents was challenging as dehydroxylation (mass loss) of a wide range of soil minerals occurs in a similar temperature range. Smart combustion. The method is based on measuring the release of C during a combustion program, quantified by a non-dispersive infrared detector (NDIR) as part of a commercial elemental analyser, whereby carbonates and graphitic C could be separated by switching between oxic and anoxic conditions during thermal decomposition. Samples were heated to 400\u2009\u2218C under oxygen-rich conditions, after which further heating was done under anoxic conditions till 900\u2009\u2218C. The residual oxidizable carbon (ROC), hypothesized to be graphitic C, was measured by switching back to oxygenic conditions at 900\u2009\u2218C. Test samples showed promising results for quantifying graphitic C in soils. For the purpose of quantifying graphitic C content in soil samples, smart combustion was the most promising method of those which have been examined in this study. However, caution should be taken with carbonate-rich soils as increasing amounts of carbonate resulted in an underestimation of graphitic C content.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://soil.copernicus.org/articles/5/383/2019/soil-5-383-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0005-6624-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SOIL", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0005-6624-0", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0005-6624-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0005-6624-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0005-7E8F-E", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-11", "title": "Contribution of Peatland Permafrost to Dissolved Organic Matter along a Thaw Gradient in North Siberia", "description": "Permafrost peatlands are important carbon stocks currently experiencing rapid evolution after permafrost thaw. Following thaw, dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a potentially important pathway for the release of permafrost carbon. This study investigates the origin and composition of DOM across sites at different stages of thaw in a discontinuous permafrost area of North Siberia. We determine the optical properties, molecular composition, and stable isotopic (\u03b413C) and radiocarbon (14C) contents of DOM. Early stages of thaw are characterized by high DOC concentrations, high aromaticity, contribution of vegetation-derived DOM, and a high contribution of permafrost carbon. In contrast, in later stages, the microbial contribution to DOM increases, and only modern carbon is detected. This work links DOM composition with its radiocarbon content in permafrost peatlands. It shows that DOM originating from previously frozen permafrost peatlands is highly aromatic and previously processed. It highlights the variability of post-thaw carbon dynamics in boreal and arctic ecosystems.", "keywords": ["570", "550", "Arctic Regions", "Permafrost", "15. Life on land", "GEOF", "01 natural sciences", "Panoply", "Carbon", "Siberia", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.9b03735"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0005-7E8F-E"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0005-7E8F-E", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0005-7E8F-E", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0005-7E8F-E"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0005-C54E-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Mathematical Reconstruction of Land Carbon Models From Their Numerical Output: Computing Soil Radiocarbon From 12C Dynamics", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Radiocarbon (&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C) is a powerful tracer of the global carbon cycle that is commonly used to assess carbon cycling rates in various Earth system reservoirs and as a benchmark to assess model performance. Therefore, it has been recommended that Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 report predicted radiocarbon values for relevant carbon pools. However, a detailed representation of radiocarbon dynamics may be an impractical burden on model developers. Here, we present an alternative approach to compute radiocarbon values from the numerical output of an ESM that does not explicitly represent these dynamics. The approach requires computed &lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C stocks and fluxes among all carbon pools for a particular simulation of the model. From this output, a time&amp;#8208;dependent linear compartmental system is computed with its respective state&amp;#8208;transition matrix. Using transient atmospheric &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C values as inputs, the state&amp;#8208;transition matrix is then applied to compute radiocarbon values for each pool, the average value for the entire system, and component fluxes. We demonstrate the approach with ELMv1&amp;#8208;ECA, the land component of an ESM model that explicitly represents &lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C, and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C in 7 soil pools and 10 vertical layers. Results from our proposed method are highly accurate (relative error &lt;0.01%) compared with the ELMv1&amp;#8208;ECA &lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C predictions, demonstrating the potential to use this approach in CMIP6 and other model simulations that do not explicitly represent &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["Physical geography", "Earth system models", "GC1-1581", "dynamical systems", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "compartmental systems", "01 natural sciences", "GB3-5030", "13. Climate action", "radiocarbon", "model diagnostics", "carbon cycle models", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0005-C54E-6"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0005-C54E-6", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0005-C54E-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0005-C54E-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0006-B42D-D", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-25", "title": "Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: The Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures", "description": "

Abstract. The magnitude of carbon (C) loss to the atmosphere via microbial decomposition is a function of the amount of C stored in soils, the quality of the organic matter, and physical, chemical and biological factors that comprise the environment for decomposition. The decomposability of C is commonly assessed by laboratory soil incubation studies that measure greenhouse gases mineralized from soils under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb) version 1.0, a compilation of time series data from incubations, structured into a new, publicly available database of C flux (carbon dioxide, CO2, or methane, CH4). In addition to open access, the SIDb project also provides a platform for the development of tools for reading and analysis of incubation data as well as documentation for future use and development. In addition to introducing SIDb, we provide reporting guidance for database entry and the required variables that incubation studies need at minimum to be included in SIDb. A key application of this synthesis effort is to better characterize soil C processes in Earth system models, which will in turn reduce our uncertainty in predicting the response of soil C decomposition to a changing climate. We demonstrate a framework to fit curves to a number of incubation studies from diverse ecosystems, depths, and organic matter content using a built-in model development module that integrates SIDb with the existing SoilR package to estimate soil C pools from time series data. The database will help bridge the gap between site-level measurements, which are commonly used in incubation studies, and global remote-sensed data or data products derived from models aimed at assessing global-scale rates of decomposition and C turnover. The SIDb, version 1.0, is archived and publicly available at DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470459 (Sierra et al., 2019) and the database is managed under a version-controlled system and centrally stored in GitHub (https://github.com/SoilBGC-Datashare/sidb).

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/1511/2020/essd-12-1511-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://scholars.unh.edu/context/faculty_pubs/article/2717/viewcontent/73.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0006-B42D-D"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0006-B42D-D", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0006-B42D-D", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0006-B42D-D"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0007-B312-A", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-17", "title": "The Role of Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT in Mesophilic Biogas Reactor Systems as Deduced from Multiomics Analyses", "description": "

Members of the genera Proteiniphilum and Petrimonas were speculated to represent indicators reflecting process instability within anaerobic digestion (AD) microbiomes. Therefore, Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT was isolated from a biogas reactor sample and sequenced on the PacBio RSII and Illumina MiSeq sequencers. Phylogenetic classification positioned the strain ING2-E5AT in close proximity to Fermentimonas and Proteiniphilum species (family Dysgonomonadaceae). ING2-E5AT encodes a number of genes for glycosyl-hydrolyses (GH) which are organized in Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PUL) comprising tandem susCD-like genes for a TonB-dependent outer-membrane transporter and a cell surface glycan-binding protein. Different GHs encoded in PUL are involved in pectin degradation, reflecting a pronounced specialization of the ING2-E5AT PUL systems regarding the decomposition of this polysaccharide. Genes encoding enzymes participating in amino acids fermentation were also identified. Fragment recruitments with the ING2-E5AT genome as a template and publicly available metagenomes of AD microbiomes revealed that Petrimonas species are present in 146 out of 257 datasets supporting their importance in AD microbiomes. Metatranscriptome analyses of AD microbiomes uncovered active sugar and amino acid fermentation pathways for Petrimonas species. Likewise, screening of metaproteome datasets demonstrated expression of the Petrimonas PUL-specific component SusC providing further evidence that PUL play a central role for the lifestyle of Petrimonas species.

", "keywords": ["Bioconversion", "anaerobic digestion", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "bioconversion", "Biomethanation", "QH301-705.5", "570 Biologie", "polysaccharide utilization loci", "metabolic pathway reconstruction", "16. Peace & justice", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "660.6", "biomethanation", "03 medical and health sciences", "Metabolic pathway reconstruction", "Polysaccharide utilization loci", "Anaerobic digestion", "carbohydrate-active enzymes", "Carbohydrate-active enzymes", "ddc:570", "Biology (General)"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2024/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2024/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0007-B312-A"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0007-B312-A", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0007-B312-A", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0007-B312-A"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0008-CBD4-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-01", "title": "The Reservoir Age Effect Varies With the Mobilization of Pre-Aged Organic Carbon in a High-Altitude Central Asian Catchment", "description": "

Lake sediments provide excellent archives to study past environmental and hydrological changes at high temporal resolution. However, their utility is often restricted by chronological uncertainties due to the \uffe2\uff80\uff9creservoir age effect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (RAE), a phenomenon that results in anomalously old radiocarbon ages of total organic carbon (TOC) samples that is mainly attributed to the contribution of pre-aged carbon from aquatic organisms. Although the RAE is a well-known problem especially in high altitude lakes, detailed studies analyzing the temporal variations in the contribution of terrestrial and aquatic organic carbon (OC) on the RAE are scarce. This is partially due to the complexity of isolating individual compounds for subsequent compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA). We developed a rapid method for isolating individual short-chain (C16and C18) and long-chain (&gt;C24) saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our method introduces only minor contaminations (0.50 \uffc2\uffb1 0.22\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5g dead carbon on average) and requires only few injections (\uffe2\uff89\uffa410), therefore offering clear advantages over traditional preparative gas chromatography (prep-GC). Here we show that radiocarbon values (\uffce\uff9414C) of long-chain FAs, which originate from terrestrial higher plant waxes, reflect carbon from a substantially pre-aged OC reservoir, whereas the \uffce\uff9414C of short-chain FAs that originate from aquatic sources were generally less pre-aged.14C ages obtained from the long-chain FAs are in closer agreement with14C ages of the corresponding bulk TOC fraction, indicating a high control of pre-aged terrestrial OC input from the catchment on TOC-derived14C ages. Variations in the age offset between terrestrial and aquatic biomarkers are related to changes in bulk sediment log(Ti/K) that reflect variations in detrital input from the catchment. Our results indicate that the chronological offset between terrestrial and aquatic OC in this high-altitude catchment is mainly driven by temporal variations in the mobilization of pre-aged OC from the catchment. In conclusion, to obtain accurate and process-specific lake sediment chronologies, attention must be given to the temporal dynamics of the RAE. Variations in the apparent ages of aquatic and terrestrial contributions to the sediment and their mass balance can substantially alter the reservoir age effect.Peatlands at high latitudes have accumulated >400\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCH4) using site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT <20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm on average (seasonal max up to 45\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8934\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921; including 6\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff897\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff93CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and decreased CH4 emission by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff894\uffe2\uff80\uff89g CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, thus accumulating less C over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4, which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89360\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost peatlands lost >2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years when WT is lowered by 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario.

Epsilon-near-zero and epsilon near-pole materials enable reflective systems supporting a class of symmetry-protected and accidental embedded eigenstates (EEs) characterized by a diverging phase resonance. Here we show that pairs of topologically protected scattering singularities necessarily emerge from EEs when a non-Hermitian parameter is introduced, lifting the degeneracy between oppositely charged singularities. The underlying topological charges are characterized by an integer winding number and appear as phase vortices of the complex reflection coefficient. By creating and annihilating them, we show that these singularities obey charge conservation, and provide versatile control of amplitude, phase, and polarization in reflection, with potential applications for polarization control and sensing.

", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Physics - Applied Physics", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "01 natural sciences", "Physics - Optics", "Optics (physics.optics)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2102.06958"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Photonics%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2102.06958", "name": "item", "description": "2102.06958", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2102.06958"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0006-8251-B", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-05", "title": "An international laboratory comparison of dissolved organic matter composition by high resolution mass spectrometry: Are we getting the same answer?", "description": "Abstract

High\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a vital tool for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. The upward trend in HRMS analysis of DOM presents challenges in data comparison and interpretation among laboratories operating instruments with differing performance and user operating conditions. It is therefore essential that the community establishes metric ranges and compositional trends for data comparison with reference samples so that data can be robustly compared among research groups. To this end, four identically prepared DOM samples were each measured by 16 laboratories, using 17 commercially purchased instruments, using positive\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion and negative\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analyses. The instruments identified ~1000 common ions in both negative\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and positive\uffe2\uff80\uff90ion modes over a wide range of m/z values and chemical space, as determined by van Krevelen diagrams. Calculated metrics of abundance\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted average indices (H/C, O/C, aromaticity, and m/z) of the commonly detected ions showed that hydrogen saturation and aromaticity were consistent for each reference sample across the instruments, while average mass and oxygenation were more affected by differences in instrument type and settings. In this paper we present 32 metric values for future benchmarking. The metric values were obtained for the four different parameters from four samples in two ionization modes and can be used in future work to evaluate the performance of HRMS instruments.

There are almost 9500 biogas plants in Germany, which are predominantly operated with energy crops and residues from livestock husbandry over the last two decades. In the future, biogas plants must be enabled to use a much broader range of input materials in a flexible and demand-oriented manner. Hence, the microbial communities will be exposed to frequently varying process conditions, while an overall stable process must be ensured. To accompany this transition, there is the need to better understand how biogas microbiomes respond to management measures and how these responses affect the process efficiency. Therefore, 67 microbiomes originating from 49 agricultural, full-scale biogas plants were taxonomically investigated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. These microbiomes were separated into three distinct clusters and one group of outliers, which are characterized by a specific distribution of 253 indicative taxa and their relative abundances. These indicative taxa seem to be adapted to specific process conditions which result from a different biogas plant operation. Based on these results, it seems to be possible to deduce/assess the general process condition of a biogas digester based solely on the microbiome structure, in particular on the distribution of specific indicative taxa, and without knowing the corresponding operational and chemical process parameters. Perspectively, this could allow the development of detection systems and advanced process models considering the microbial diversity.

", "keywords": ["580", "anaerobic digestion", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "NMDS", "0303 health sciences", "QH301-705.5", "biogas microbiome", "Pearson correlations", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "6. Clean water", "660.6", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "indicative taxa", "taxonomic profiling", "Biology (General)", "16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1457/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1457/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0008-DFA2-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0008-DFA2-6", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0008-DFA2-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0008-DFA2-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0009-5A8B-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-28", "title": "Impacts of Drying and Rewetting on the Radiocarbon Signature of Respired CO2 and Implications for Incubating Archived Soils", "description": "Abstract

The radiocarbon signature of respired CO2 (\uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2) measured in laboratory soil incubations integrates contributions from soil carbon pools with a wide range of ages, making it a powerful model constraint. Incubating archived soils enriched by \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbomb\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffe2\uff80\uff9d from mid\uffe2\uff80\uff9020th century nuclear weapons testing would be even more powerful as it would enable us to trace this pulse over time. However, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and subsequent rewetting of archived soils, as well as storage duration, may alter the relative contribution to respiration from soil carbon pools with different cycling rates. We designed three experiments to assess air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting effects on \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 with constant storage duration (Experiment 1), without storage (Experiment 2), and with variable storage duration (Experiment 3). We found that air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting led to small but significant (\uffce\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.05) shifts in \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 relative to undried controls in all experiments, with grassland soils responding more strongly than forest soils. Storage duration (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9314\uffc2\uffa0y) did not have a substantial effect. Mean differences (95% CIs) for experiments 1, 2, and 3 were: 23.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb16.6), 19.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb110.3), and 29.3\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb129.1) for grassland soils, versus \uffe2\uff88\uff9211.6\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb14.1), 12.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb18.5), and \uffe2\uff88\uff9224.2\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (\uffc2\uffb113.2) for forest soils. Our results indicate that air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting soils mobilizes a slightly older pool of carbon that would otherwise be inaccessible to microbes, an effect that persists throughout the incubation. However, as the bias in \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 from air\uffe2\uff80\uff90drying and rewetting is small, measuring \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 in incubations of archived soils appears to be a promising technique for constraining soil carbon models.Little is known about the sources and age of C respired by tree roots. Previous research in stems identified two functional pools of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90structural carbohydrates (NSC): an \uffe2\uff80\uff9cactive\uffe2\uff80\uff9d pool supplied directly from canopy photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilates supporting metabolism and a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cstored\uffe2\uff80\uff9d pool used when fresh C supplies are limited. We compared the C isotope composition of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble NSC and respired CO2for aspen roots (Populus tremulahybrids) cut off from fresh C supply after stem\uffe2\uff80\uff90girdling or prolonged incubation of excised roots. We used bomb radiocarbon to estimate the time elapsed since C fixation for respired CO2, water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble NSC and structural \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose. While freshly excised roots (mostly <2.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm in diameter) respired CO2fixed <1\uffc2\uffa0year previously, the age increased to 1.6\uffe2\uff80\uff932.9\uffc2\uffa0year within a week after root excision. Freshly excised roots from trees girdled ~3\uffc2\uffa0months ago had respiration rates and NSC stocks similar to un\uffe2\uff80\uff90girdled trees but respired older C (~1.2\uffc2\uffa0year). We estimate that over 3\uffc2\uffa0months NSC in girdled roots must be replaced 5\uffe2\uff80\uff937 times by reserves remobilized from root\uffe2\uff80\uff90external sources. Using a mixing model and observed correlations between \uffce\uff9414C of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble C and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose, we estimate ~30% of C is \uffe2\uff80\uff9cactive\uffe2\uff80\uff9d (~5\uffc2\uffa0mg C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921).Understanding the controls on the amount and persistence of soil organic carbon (C) is essential for predicting its sensitivity to global change. The response may depend on whether C is unprotected, isolated within aggregates, or protected from decomposition by mineral associations. Here, we present a global synthesis of the relative influence of environmental factors on soil organic C partitioning among pools, abundance in each pool (mg C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0soil), and persistence (as approximated by radiocarbon abundance) in relatively unprotected particulate and protected mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound pools. We show that C within particulate and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated pools consistently differed from one another in degree of persistence and relationship to environmental factors. Soil depth was the best predictor of C abundance and persistence, though it accounted for more variance in persistence. Persistence of all C pools decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) throughout the soil profile, whereas persistence increased with increasing wetness index (MAP/PET) in subsurface soils (30\uffe2\uff80\uff93176\uffc2\uffa0cm). The relationship of C abundance (mg C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0soil) to climate varied among pools and with depth. Mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated C in surface soils (<30\uffc2\uffa0cm) increased more strongly with increasing wetness index than the free particulate C, but both pools showed attenuated responses to the wetness index at depth. Overall, these relationships suggest a strong influence of climate on soil C properties, and a potential loss of soil C from protected pools in areas with decreasing wetness. Relative persistence and abundance of C pools varied significantly among land cover types and soil parent material lithologies. This variability in each pool's relationship to environmental factors suggests that not all soil organic C is equally vulnerable to global change. Therefore, projections of future soil organic C based on patterns and responses of bulk soil organic C may be misleading.The terrestrial subsurface contains nearly all of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s freshwater reserves and harbours the majority of our planet\uffe2\uff80\uff99s total prokaryotic biomass. Although genetic surveys suggest these organisms rely on in situ carbon fixation, rather than the photosynthetically derived organic carbon transported from surface environments, direct measurements of carbon fixation in the subsurface are absent. Using an ultra-low level14C-labelling technique, we estimate in situ carbon fixation rates in a carbonate aquifer. We find these rates are similar to those measured in oligotrophic marine surface waters and up to six-fold greater than those observed in the lower euphotic zone. Our empirical carbon fixation rates agree with nitrification rate data. Metagenomic analyses reveal abundant putative chemolithoautotrophic members of an uncharacterized order of Nitrospiria that may be behind the carbon fixation. On the basis of our determined carbon fixation rates, we conservatively extrapolate global primary production in carbonate groundwaters (10% of global reserves) to be 0.11\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg carbon per year. These rates fall within the range found for oligotrophic marine surface waters, indicating a substantial contribution of in situ primary production to subsurface ecosystem processes. We further suggest that, just as phototrophs are for marine biogeochemical cycling, such subsurface carbon fixation is potentially foundational to subsurface trophic webs.

The French\u2013Italian Concordia Research Station, situated on the Antarctic Polar Plateau at an elevation of 3233 m above sea level, offers a unique opportunity to study the presence and variation of microbes introduced by abiotic or biotic vectors and, consequently, appraise the amplitude of human impact in such a pristine environment. This research built upon a previous work, which explored microbial diversity in the surface snow surrounding the Concordia Research Station. While that study successfully characterized the bacterial assemblage, detecting fungal diversity was hampered by the low DNA content. To address this knowledge gap, in the present study, we optimized the sampling by increasing ice/snow collected to leverage the final DNA yield. The V4 variable region of the 16S rDNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1) rDNA was used to evaluate bacterial and fungal diversity. From the sequencing, we obtained 3,352,661 and 4,433,595 reads clustered in 930 and 3182 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for fungi and bacteria, respectively. Amplicon sequencing revealed a predominance of Basidiomycota (49%) and Ascomycota (42%) in the fungal component; Bacteroidota (65.8%) is the main representative among the bacterial phyla. Basidiomycetes are almost exclusively represented by yeast-like fungi. Our findings provide the first comprehensive overview of both fungal and bacterial diversity in the Antarctic Polar Plateau\u2019s surface snow/ice near Concordia Station and to identify seasonality as the main driver of microbial diversity; we also detected the most sensitive microorganisms to these factors, which could serve as indicators of human impact in this pristine environment and aid in planetary protection for future exploration missions.

", "keywords": ["amplicon sequencing", "QH301-705.5", "Settore BIO/01", "15. Life on land", "Article", "extraterrestrial analogue", "Antarctic Polar Plateau", "life detection", "13. Climate action", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/579", "fungi", "Biology (General)", "bacteria", "extremophiles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://art.torvergata.it/bitstream/2108/338723/1/2023_Seasonality%20Is%20the%20Main%20Determinant%20of%20Microbial%20Diversity%20Associated%20to%20Snow%3aIce%20around%20Concordia%20Station%20on%20the%20Antarctic%20Polar%20Plateau.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2108/338723"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2108/338723", "name": "item", "description": "2108/338723", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2108/338723"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000A-C229-D", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-19", "title": "Drought Legacy in Sub\u2010Seasonal Vegetation State and Sensitivity to Climate Over the Northern Hemisphere", "description": "Abstract

Droughts affect ecosystems at multiple time scales, but their sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90seasonal legacy effects on vegetation activity remain unclear. Combining the satellite\uffe2\uff80\uff90based enhanced vegetation index MODIS EVI with a novel location\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific definition of the growing season, we quantify drought impacts on sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90seasonal vegetation activity and the subsequent recovery in the Northern Hemisphere. Drought legacy effects are quantified as changes in post\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought greenness and sensitivity to climate. We find that greenness losses under severe drought are partially compensated by a \uffe2\uff88\uffbc+5% greening within 2\uffe2\uff80\uff936 growing\uffe2\uff80\uff90season months following the droughts, both in woody and herbaceous vegetation but at different timings. In addition, post\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought sensitivity of herbaceous vegetation to hydrological conditions increases noticeably at high latitudes compared with the local normal conditions, regardless of the choice of drought time scales. In general, the legacy effects on sensitivity are larger in herbaceous vegetation than in woody vegetation.Permafrost thaw will release additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere resulting in a positive feedback to climate change. However, the mineralization dynamics of organic matter (OM) stored in permafrost-affected soils remain unclear. We used physical soil fractionation, radiocarbon measurements, incubation experiments, and a dynamic decomposition model to identify distinct vertical pattern in OM decomposability. The observed differences reflect the type of OM input to the subsoil, either by cryoturbation or otherwise, e.g. by advective water-borne transport of dissolved OM. In non-cryoturbated subsoil horizons, most OM is stabilized at mineral surfaces or by occlusion in aggregates. In contrast, pockets of OM-rich cryoturbated soil contain sufficient free particulate OM for microbial decomposition. After thaw, OM turnover is as fast as in the upper active layer. Since cryoturbated soils store ca. 450 Pg carbon, identifying differences in decomposability according to such translocation processes has large implications for the future global carbon cycle and climate, and directs further process model development. Most well-characterized cases of adaptation involve single genetic loci. Theory suggests that multilocus adaptive walks should be common, but these are challenging to identify in natural populations. Here, we combine trait mapping with population genetic modeling to show that a two-step process rewired nutrient homeostasis in a population of Arabidopsis as it colonized the base of an active stratovolcano characterized by extremely low soil manganese (Mn). First, a variant that disrupted the primary iron (Fe) uptake transporter gene ( IRT1 ) swept quickly to fixation in a hard selective sweep, increasing Mn but limiting Fe in the leaves. Second, multiple independent tandem duplications occurred at NRAMP1 and together rose to near fixation in the island population, compensating the loss of IRT1 by improving Fe homeostasis. This study provides a clear case of a multilocus adaptive walk and reveals how genetic variants reshaped a phenotype and spread over space and time. Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.Although agricultural colluvial soils are important storage for soil organic carbon (SOC), the mechanisms underlying colluvial (cumulative soils) SOC stability have received little attention so far. In this study, we aim to understand to what extent the main controls on colluvial SOC stability differ from those observed in non\uffe2\uff80\uff90colluvial soils. Paired soil profiles (non\uffe2\uff80\uff90colluvial versus colluvial) were collected from five sites which differ in climate, soil geochemical background and cultivation history. Topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) and subsoil (30\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) were analysed for SOC fractions, mineral composition, potential soil respiration and radiocarbon content. Our analysis showed that for non\uffe2\uff80\uff90colluvial soils, climate, cultivation history and weathering degree have significant effects on potential soil respiration. In contrast, for colluvial soils, the most influential factor for potential soil respiration was the rate of accretion and this was independent of climatic and geochemical context. Furthermore, accretion rates indirectly affected potential soil respiration by interacting with the degree of weathering of deposited soil. This changed the mineral matrix of colluvial soil settings and thereby may enhance soil mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90related SOC stabilisation mechanisms. Together, these results suggest that the dominant controls on SOC stability in colluvial soils differ from those in non\uffe2\uff80\uff90colluvial soils, and the soil accretion rate is the most important control on colluvial SOC stability in agricultural systems.

Highlights

The dominant controls on SOC stability in colluvial and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90colluvial soils were compared.

Climate and mineral weathering predominantly control SOC stability in non\uffe2\uff80\uff90colluvial soils.

In contrast, the accretion rate is the key factor controlling colluvial SOC stability.

Accretion rate drives the role of mineral weathering in colluvial SOC stability.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13311"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000B-342F-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000B-342F-7", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000B-342F-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000B-342F-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000B-3E93-A", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-22", "title": "Energy status-promoted growth and development of Arabidopsis require copper deficiency response transcriptional regulator SPL7", "description": "Abstract

Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.

Abstract. Climate and parent material both affect soil C persistence, yet the relative importance of climatic versus mineralogical controls on soil C dynamics remains unclear. To test this, we collected soil samples in 2001, 2009, and 2019 along a combined gradient of parent material (andesite, basalt, granite) and climate (mean annual temperature (MAT): 6.5 \u00b0C \u201ccold\u201d, 8.6 \u00b0C \u201ccool\u201d, 12.0 \u00b0C \u201cwarm\u201d). We measured the radiocarbon of heterotrophically respired CO2 (\u220614Crespired) and bulk soil C (\u220614Cbulk) as proxies for transient and persistent soil C, and characterized mineral assemblages using selective dissolution. Using linear regression, we observed that MAT was not a significant predictor of either \u220614Cbulk or \u220614Crespired, yet climate was highly significant as a categorical variable. Climate explained more variance in \u220614Cbulk and \u220614Crespired over 0\u20130.1 m, but parent material explained more from 0.1\u20130.3 m. Cool site soil C was more persistent (lower \u220614Cbulk) than cold or warm climate sites, and also more persistent on andesitic soils, followed by basaltic and then granitic soils. Poorly crystalline metal oxides (PCMs) (but not crystalline metal oxides) were significantly (p < 0.1) correlated with \u220614Cbulk, \u220614Crespired, and \u220614Crespired - \u220614Cbulk, indicating their importance for soil C cycling on both short and long timescales. The change in \u220614Crespired observed over the study period was linearly related to MAT for the granite soils with the lowest PCM content, but not in the andesitic and basaltic soils with higher PCM content. This link between PCM abundance and the decoupling of MAT and soil C cycling rates suggests PCMs may attenuate the temperature sensitivity of decomposition.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000B-779C-0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000B-779C-0", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000B-779C-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000B-779C-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000D-41C9-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-08", "title": "Drought intensity alters productivity, carbon allocation and plant nitrogen uptake in fast versus slow grassland communities", "description": "Abstract

Grasslands face more frequent and extreme droughts; yet, their responses to increasing drought intensity are poorly understood. Increasing drought intensity likely triggers abrupt shifts (thresholds) in grassland ecosystem functioning which can implicate recovery trajectories.

Here, we determined how drought intensity affects plant productivity, and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We exposed model grassland plant communities with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (a fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90 vs a slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy plant community), to a gradient of drought intensity. The drought gradient ranged from well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered to severely water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited conditions. We identified thresholds of plant community productivity (above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass) at peak drought and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89months after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, and measured net ecosystem exchange and ecosystem respiration of C\uffc2\uffa0throughout the drought and recovery phases. At peak drought and 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89week after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, we traced recently acquired C from plants to the soil and into microbial biomass and fatty acids using 13C pulse labelling, and measured plant and soil N.

At peak drought, slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy plant communities were more drought resistant than fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy communities, as the threshold in plant productivity occurred at a higher drought intensity for the slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community. Shortly after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, microbial uptake of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilated C increased with increasing past drought intensity, coinciding with an increase in soil N availability and leaf N. Threshold responses to drought intensity at peak drought translated into non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear recovery responses, with greater compensatory growth in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community. At peak drought, increasing drought intensity reduced C uptake and increased relative C partitioning to leaves and microbial biomass. Upon re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, plant community strategy mediated drought intensity effects on plant and soil C and N dynamics and plant recovery trajectories. The fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community recovered quickly, with higher leaf N than the slow community, while the slow community increased C allocation to microbial biomass.

Synthesis. Our findings highlight that C and N dynamics in the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil system display non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear responses to increasing drought intensity both during and after drought, which has implications for plant community recovery trajectories.

The current focus on renewable energy in global policy highlights the importance of methane production from biomass through anaerobic digestion (AD). To improve biomass digestion while ensuring overall process stability, microbiome-based management strategies become more important. In this study, metagenomes and metaproteomes were used for metagenomically assembled genome (MAG)-centric analyses to investigate a full-scale biogas plant consisting of three differentially operated digesters. Microbial communities were analyzed regarding their taxonomic composition, functional potential, as well as functions expressed on the proteome level. Different abundances of genes and enzymes related to the biogas process could be mostly attributed to different process parameters. Individual MAGs exhibiting different abundances in the digesters were studied in detail, and their roles in the hydrolysis, acidogenesis and acetogenesis steps of anaerobic digestion could be assigned. Methanoculleus thermohydrogenotrophicum was an active hydrogenotrophic methanogen in all three digesters, whereas Methanothermobacter wolfeii was more prevalent at higher process temperatures. Further analysis focused on MAGs, which were abundant in all digesters, indicating their potential to ensure biogas process stability. The most prevalent MAG belonged to the class Limnochordia; this MAG was ubiquitous in all three digesters and exhibited activity in numerous pathways related to different steps of AD.

", "keywords": ["anaerobic digestion", "biogas process chain", "metagenome analyses", "13. Climate action", "QH301-705.5", "metagenomic binning", "biogas microbiome", "metaproteome analyses", "15. Life on land", "Biology (General)", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "660.6"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2412/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000D-E197-A"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microorganisms", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000D-E197-A", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000D-E197-A", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000D-E197-A"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000C-C254-A", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-06", "title": "Dynamic In Situ Monitoring of the Salt Counter-ion Effect on Surfactant Effectiveness Using Reconfigurable Janus Emulsions", "description": "A straightforward method for visualization and quantification of surfactant effectiveness within different electrolyte environments based on using reconfigurable Janus emulsions as novel optical probes is reported. More specifically, we investigated the effect of different types and concentrations of salt counter-ions on the surfactant surface excess of commercial ionic and non-ionic surfactants, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Tween 80 via in situ monitoring the morphological reconfigurations of biphasic Janus emulsions comprising hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. We find that significant variations in interfacial tensions of SDS-stabilized interfaces (up to 15 mN\u00b7m-1) can be evoked by titrating mono-, di-, and trivalent cationic counter-ions, which is coherent with the lyotropic (Hofmeister) series. In contrast, the salt counter-ion effect on the surfactant effectiveness was less pronounced for the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 (\u223c3 mN\u00b7m-1). Our results reveal a facile in situ method for monitoring the central role of electrolyte type and concentration on surfactant effectiveness and, more broadly, illustrate that Janus emulsions serve as powerful optical probes to dynamically study the properties of surfactants at liquid interfaces. We demonstrate the utility of our findings for an electro-induced morphological reconfiguration of Janus droplet morphologies by dynamically tuning Cu2+ concentration in solution using an electrode setup. The latter provides a unique platform for liquid-phase, real-time, and continuous tuning of Janus droplet morphologies, e.g., for their application in sensing and dynamic optical device platforms.", "keywords": ["02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000C-C254-A"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Langmuir", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000C-C254-A", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000C-C254-A", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000C-C254-A"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000D-659B-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-20", "title": "Assessment of isoprene and near surface ozone sensitivities to water stress over the Euro-Mediterranean region", "description": "

Abstract. Plants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in response to changes in environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, radiation, soil moisture). In the large family of BVOCs, isoprene is by far the largest emitted compounds and plays an important role in ozone chemistry, thus affecting both climate and air quality. In turn, climate change may alter isoprene emissions by increasing the occurrence and intensity of severe water stresses that alter plant functioning. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) provides different parameterizations to account for the impact of water stress on isoprene emissions, which essentially reduces emissions in response to the effect of soil moisture deficit on plant productivity. By applying the regional climate-chemistry model RegCM4chem coupled to the Community Land Model CLM4.5 and MEGAN2.1, we thus performed sensitivity simulations to assess the effects of water stress on isoprene emissions and near-surface ozone levels over the Euro-Mediterranean region and across the drier/wetter summers over the period 1992\u20132016 using two different parametrizations of the impact of water stress implemented in the MEGAN model. Over the Euro-Mediterranean region and across the simulated summers, water stress reduces isoprene emissions on average by nearly 6 %. However, during the warmest and driest selected summers (e.g., 2003, 2010, 2015) and over large isoprene-source area (e.g., the Balkans), decreases in isoprene emissions range from \u221220 to \u221260 % and co-occur with negative anomalies in precipitation, soil moisture and plant productivity. Sustained decreases in isoprene emissions also occur after prolonged or repeated dry anomalies, as observed for the summers of 2010 and 2012. Although the decrease in isoprene emissions due to water stress may be important, it only reduce near-surface ozone levels by few percents due to a dominant NOx-limited regime over southern Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Overall, over the selected analysis region, compared to the old MEGAN parameterization, the new one leads to localized and 25\u201350 % smaller decreases in isoprene emissions, and 3\u20138 % smaller reduction in near-surface ozone levels.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000D-659B-3"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000D-659B-3", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000D-659B-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000D-659B-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000E-0EA2-C", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-09", "title": "Carbon dynamics in long-term starving poplar trees\u2014the importance of older carbohydrates and a shift to lipids during survival", "description": "Abstract

Carbon (C) assimilation can be severely impaired during periods of environmental stress, like drought or defoliation, making trees heavily dependent on the use of C reserve pools for survival; yet, the dynamics of reserve use during periods of reduced C supply are still poorly understood. We used stem girdling in mature poplar trees (Populus tremula L. hybrids), a lipid-storing species, to permanently interrupt the phloem C transport and induced C shortage in the isolated stem section below the girdle and monitored metabolic activity during three campaigns in the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2021. We measured respiratory fluxes (CO2 and O2), non-structural carbon concentration, the respiratory substrate (based on isotopic analysis and CO2/O2 ratio) and the age of the respiratory substrate (based on radiocarbon analysis). Our study shows that poplar trees can survive long periods of reduced C supply from the canopy by switching in metabolism from recent carbohydrates to older storage pools with a potential mixture of respiratory substrates, including lipids. This mechanism of stress resilience can explain why tree decline may take many years before death occurs.