{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1017/s0014479704001838", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-28", "title": "Propagation And Management Of Gliricidia Sepium Planted Fallows In Sub-Humid Eastern Zambia", "description": "<p>Gliricidia sepium features prominently as a soil replenishment tree in planted coppicing fallows in eastern Zambia. Its usual method of propagation, through nurseryseedlings, is costly and may possibly hinder wider on-farm adoption. We compared fallows propagated by potted and bare root seedlings, direct seeding and stem cuttings, in terms of tree coppice biomass production, soil inorganic N availability and post-fallow maize yields under semi-arid conditions. We hypothesized that cutting fallows initially in May (off-season) would increase subsequent seasonal coppice biomass production as opposed to cutting them in November (at cropping). The tree survival and biomass order after two years was: potted = bare root &gt; direct &gt; cuttings. The post-fallow maize productivity sequence was: fertilized maize = potted = bare root &gt; direct &gt; cuttings = no-tree unfertilized controls, across seasons. However, farmers may prefer directly seeded fallows owing to their cost effectiveness. Soil inorganic N and maize yield were significantly higher in May-cut than in November-cut fallows. Preseason topsoil inorganic N and biomass N input correlated highly with maize yields. This implies that bothparameters may be used to predict post-fallow crop yields.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. Chintu, Elias Kuntashula, T. S. Chirwa, Paramu L. Mafongoya, J. Matibini, D. Phiri,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704001838"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479704001838", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479704001838", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479704001838"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.3c04230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-30", "title": "Inland Waters Increasingly Produce and Emit Nitrous Oxide", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas and currently contributes \u223c10% to global greenhouse warming. Studies have suggested that inland waters are a large and growing global N2O source, but whether, how, where, when, and why inland-water N2O emissions changed in the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we quantify global N2O formation, transport, and emission along the aquatic continuum and their changes using a spatially explicit, mechanistic, coupled biogeochemistry-hydrology model. The global inland-water N2O emission increased from 0.4 to 1.3 Tg N yr-1 during 1900-2010 due to (1) growing N2O inputs mainly from groundwater and (2) increased inland-water N2O production, largely in reservoirs. Inland waters currently contribute 7 (5-10)% to global total N2O emissions. The highest inland-water N2O emissions are typically in and downstream of reservoirs and areas with high population density and intensive agricultural activities in eastern and southern Asia, southeastern North America, and Europe. The expected continuing excessive use of nutrients, dam construction, and development of suboxic conditions in aging reservoirs imply persisting high inland-water N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["inland waters", "Inland waters", "Asia", " Southern", "NO cycling", "Nitrous Oxide", "Integrated process-based modeling", "Greenhouse gas emission", "greenhouse gas emission", "Environmental Chemistry", "14. Life underwater", "closed N2O budget", "integrated process-based modeling", "N2O cycling", " long-term temporal changes", "Nitrous oxide", "long-term temporal changes", "nitrous oxide", "Water", "Agriculture", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "N2O cycling", "6. Clean water", "closed NO budget", "13. Climate action", "spatial distributions", "Spatial distributions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.3c04230", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.3c04230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.3c04230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479705002826", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-30", "title": "Effects Of Manure And Fertilizer On Grain Yield, Soil Carbon And Phosphorus In A 13-Year Field Trial In Semi-Arid Kenya", "description": "<p>Long-term indicators of soil fertility were assessed by measuring grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil Olsen phosphorous for a P-deficient soil. In one set of treatments, goat manure was applied annually for 13 years at 0, 5 and 10 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and intercrops of sorghum/cowpea, millet/green gram and maize/pigeonpea were grown. Yield depended on rainfall and trends with time were not identifiable. Manure caused an upward trend in SOC, but 10 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 manure did not give significantly more SOC than 5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Only 10 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 manure increased Olsen P. Measurements of both SOC and Olsen P are recommended. In another set of treatments, manure was applied for four years; the residual effect lasted another seven to eight years when assessed by yield, SOC and Olsen P. Treatment with mineral fertilizers provided the same rates of N and P as 5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 manure and yields from manure and fertilizer were similar. Fertilizer increased Olsen P but not SOC. Management systems with occasional manure application and intermediate fertilizer applications should be assessed. Inputs and offtakes of C, N and P were measured for three years. Approximately 16, 25 and 11% of C, N and P respectively were stabilized into soil organic matter from 5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 a\uffe2\uff88\uff921 manure. The majority of organic P was fixed as soil inorganic P.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G.P. Warren, F. M. Kihanda, A. N. Micheni,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479705002826"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479705002826", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479705002826", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479705002826"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479706003863", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-25", "title": "Crop Productivity And Land-Use Efficiency Of A Teff/Faba Bean Mixed Cropping System In A Tropical Highland Environment", "description": "<p>Mixed cropping of teff (Eragrostis tef) with faba bean (Vicia faba) was compared with sole cropping in the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons at Holetta Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole teff (25 kg seed ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), sole faba bean (200 kg seed ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 % of the sole seed rate of faba bean mixed with a full teff seed rate. A randomized complete block design replicated four times was used. Treatment effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Increasing the seed rate of faba bean in teff/faba bean mixture increased faba bean seed yield but decreased teff grain yield. Nonetheless, mixed cropping of faba bean with teff increased land use efficiency and gave higher total yields compared to growing either species in sole culture. Teff yield equivalent, land equivalent ratios (LERs) and system productivity index (SPI) of the mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when the seed rate of faba bean in the mixture was increased to 50 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (25 %) or more. The relatively high crowding coefficient values indicated yield advantages from mixed cropping of the two species. The highest values of teff yield equivalent, LER and SPI were obtained when faba bean was mixed at a rate of 62.5 % with the full seed rate of teff. We suggest that, at the current prices of the respective crops, up to 62.5 % of faba bean can be mixed in normal teff to get better total yield and income than sole culture of either species.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706003863"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479706003863", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479706003863", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479706003863"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479708006443", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-20", "title": "The Role Of Cattle Manure In Enhancing On-Farm Productivity, Macro- And Micro-Nutrient Uptake, And Profitability Of Maize In The Guinea Savanna", "description": "SUMMARY<p>An on-farm trial was conducted in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria, over a period of five years, with the objectives of quantifying the effects on maize of applying cattle manure in combination with synthetic fertilizer with regard to soil characteristics, yield, plant nutrition and profitability. Maize grain yield was significantly increased by the annual application of cattle manure, compared to maize receiving an equal amount of N through synthetic fertilizer, but only from the third year of the experiment. The application of manure resulted in higher soil Kjel N, Bray-I P and exchangeable K values, and an increased N utilization efficiency by maize, suggesting that yield-limiting factors other than N deficiencies were of lesser importance than in the treatment receiving sole inorganic fertilizer. Nutrients other than N applied via the manure, particularly P, K and/or B, may have contributed to the higher grain yields in treatments receiving manure. A partial budgeting analysis revealed that, over a 5-year period, investments in the application of manure, in combination with synthetic fertilizer, resulted in higher margins than the application of fertilizer alone. However, analyses of marginal rates of return of changes from low urea N to high urea N or additional manure applications suggested that it was more profitable to invest in additional urea than in organic manure in the first two years of the experiment. The results suggested that manure applications, even when applied at relatively high rates, did not serve as a quick fix to on-farm soil fertility problems, but over a longer period, manure applied in combination with synthetic fertilizers did provide a significant and profitable contribution to enhanced cereal production.</p>", "keywords": ["fertility", "northern nigeria", "2. Zero hunger", "livestock systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "west-africa", "continuous cultivation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "yield", "organic-matter", "management", "nitrogen", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006443"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479708006443", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479708006443", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479708006443"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479709991050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-08", "title": "Comparative Effectiveness Of Urea N, Poultry Manure And Their Combination In Changing Soil Properties And Maize Productivity Under Rainfed Conditions In Northeast Pakistan", "description": "SUMMARY<p>A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of poultry manure, urea N and the integrated use of both in changing soil properties, nutrient uptake, yield and yield attributes of maize grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Treatments include control without any amendment (N0); urea N (UN) = 120 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N120U); UN = 150 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N150U); poultry manure (PM) = 120 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N120PM); PM = 150 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N150PM); UN = 90 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921+ PM = 30 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N90U+30PM); UN = 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921+ PM = 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N60U+60PM); UN = 30 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921+ PM = 90 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(N30U+90PM). N fertilization from different sources and combinations increased dry matter yield from 5206 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the control to 5605\uffe2\uff80\uff935783 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and grain yield increased from 1911 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921to 2065\uffe2\uff80\uff933763 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Application of the highest rate of urea N recorded the highest grain yields of 3763 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, double the control. The proportional increase for N90U+30PMand N60U+60PMwas 85 and 83% while PM alone gave lower yields (41 and 44%) than the respective urea N treatments. Integrated use of urea + PM proved superior to other treatments in enhancing the uptake of N, P and K in plants. Averaged across two years, uptake of N, P and K in N90U+30PMand N60U+60PMwas 88 and 85, 16.5 and 17.5, and 48.5 and 53.5 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively compared to 52.5, 11.5 and 33.5 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the control. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) varied from 29% in PM treatments to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9339% in combined treatments while NUE of 40% was recorded for urea N treatments. Application of PM lowered soil bulk density from 1.19 t m\uffe2\uff88\uff923in the control to 1.10 and 1.05 t m\uffe2\uff88\uff923in N120PMand N150U, enhanced pH from 7.39 to 7.65 and 7.78 and increased soil organic matter (22 and 32%), total N (21 and 26%), available P (44 and 55%) and available K (10 and 15%) compared with the control. Economic analysis suggested the use of 50% recommended mineral N (60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) with PM saves the mineral N fertilizer by almost 50% compared to a system with only mineral N application. In addition, increase in N efficiency, plant nutrition and soil fertility associated with combined treatment would help to minimize the use of high cost synthetic mineral fertilizers and represents an environmentally and agronomically sound management strategy.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479709991050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479709991050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479709991050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479709991050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479706003814", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-25", "title": "Sustainable Maize Production Using Gliricidia/Maize Intercropping In Southern Malawi", "description": "<p>Maize production in Malawi is limited by high costs and sub-optimal use of chemical fertilizers under continuous cultivation. A long-term gliricidia/maize trial was undertaken on a Ferric Lixisol from 1991/92 to 2001/02. The purpose of the study was to assess the performance of a gliricidia/maize intercropping system as a low-input soil fertility replenishment option in southern Malawi. The experiment was a 2 \uffc3\uff97 3 \uffc3\uff97 3 factorial design with three replications. Treatments included two maize cropping systems (with and without gliricidia trees), and three rates of inorganic N fertilizer (0, 24 and 48 N kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 representing 0, 25 and 50% of the national recommended N rate), and three rates of P fertilizer application (0, 20 and 40 P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 representing 0, 50 and 100% of the recommended rate). No effect of P was detected on yield early in the trial, and this treatment was discontinued. The gliricidia pruning biomass did not decline after 10 years of intensive pruning, with strong correlation between tree biomass production and years after establishment (r = 0.91, p &lt; 0.001). Application of gliricidia prunings increased maize yields by three times compared to the yield of unfertilized sole maize. Maize yield from the unfertilized gliricidia pruning treatment was superior to the yield from sole maize supplemented with a quarter or half the recommended N rate. The study confirmed that a gliricidia/maize intercropping system is a promising soil fertility replenishment option in southern Malawi and elsewhere in southern Africa.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706003814"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479706003814", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479706003814", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479706003814"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479709990469", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-27", "title": "Risk Analysis Of Maize-Legume Crop Combinations With Smallholder Farmers Varying In Resource Endowment In Central Malawi", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Using farmer resource typologies, adaptability analysis and an on-farm mother and baby trial approach, we evaluated the production risks of alternative maize-legume crop combinations for smallholder farmers in Chisepo, central Malawi between 1998 and 2002. Production benefits and risks of four soil fertility and food legumes, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), tephrosia (Tephrosia vogelii) and mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), intercropped or rotated with maize, were compared by 32 farmers in 4 farmer resource groups (RGs) of different wealth status. The calculation of lower confidence limits was used to determine the production risk of the crops. Alternative crop technologies presented different risks to farmers of different wealth status, and the degree of risk affected their choice of soil fertility management strategy. The better-resourced farmers (RG 1) had larger yields with all crop combinations than the poorly resourced farmers (RG 4). Legumes integrated with maize significantly (p&lt; 0.001) raised maize grain yields by between 0.5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 3.4 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, when compared with sole crop unfertilized maize. Fertilized maize was less of a risk for the better-resourced farmers (RG 1 and RG 2), and it yielded well when combined with the legumes. Maize-legume intercrops yielded more and were associated with less risk than the maize-legume rotations. Maize intercropped with pigeonpea was predicted overall to be the least risky technology for all RGs. We conclude that new crop technologies may pose more risk to poorly resourced farmers than to wealthier farmers.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "southern africa", "soil fertility", "highlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "technologies"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kamanga, B., Waddington, S.R., Robertson, M.J., Giller, K.E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479709990469"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479709990469", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479709990469", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479709990469"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479711000895", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-11", "title": "Effect Of Reduced Tillage And Mineral Fertilizer Application On Maize And Soybean Productivity", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Reduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume\uffe2\uff80\uff93cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "yields", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sistemas de cultivo", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineral nutrients", "labranza", "nutrientes minerales", "intercropping", "cultivo intercalado", "rendimiento"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711000895"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479711000895", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479711000895", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479711000895"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479713000318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-17", "title": "Immediate And Residual Effects Of Lime And Phosphorus Fertilizer On Soil Acidity And Maize Production In Western Kenya", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Soil acidity and phosphorus (P) deficiency are some of the major causes of low maize yields in Kenya. This study determined the immediate and residual effects of lime and P fertilizer on soil pH, exchangeable aluminium (Al), available P, maize grain yield, agronomic P use and P fertilizer recovery efficiencies on a western Kenya acid soil. The treatments were: P fertilizer (0, 26 and 52 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921as triple super phosphate) and lime (0, 2, 4 and 6 tons lime ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) applied once at the beginning of the study. A burnt liming material with 92.5% calcium carbonate equivalent was used. Soil samples were analysed prior to and after treatment application. The site had low soil pH\uffe2\uff80\uff93H2O (4.9), available P (2.3 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921), total N (0.17%), high Al (2.0 cmol kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921exchangeable Al and 29% Al saturation). Lime reduced soil pH and exchangeable Al, leading to increased soil available P. Lime at 2, 4 and 6 tons ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921maintained soil pH \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 5.5 for 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. The study observed that the recommended P fertilizer rate (26 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) for maize production in Kenya was inadequate to raise soil available P to the critical level (\uffe2\uff89\uffa510 mg P kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil bicarbonate extractable P) required for healthy maize growth. To maintain soil available P at the critical level where 52 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and combined 52 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921+ 4 tons lime ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921were applied, it would be necessary to reapply the same P fertilizer rate after every one and two cropping seasons, respectively. The 4-year mean grain yield increments were 0.17, 0.34, 0.50, 0.58 and 1.17 tons ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921due to 2, 4, 6 tons lime ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 26 kg P and 52 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Both agronomic P use and P fertilizer recovery efficiencies increased with increasing rates of lime and decreased with increasing rates of P fertilizer. Therefore, combined applications of both lime and P fertilizer are important for enhancing maize production on P-deficient acid soils in western Kenya.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479713000318", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479713000318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479713000318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479713000264", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-23", "title": "Tillage And Planting Methods Effects On Yield, Water Use Efficiency And Profitability Of Soybean\u2013Wheat System On A Loamy Sand Soil", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Continuous rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (RW) cropping with intensive tillage has resulted in land degradation and inefficient use of water in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia. Replacement of rice with less water requiring crops such as soybean in RW system and identification of effective strategies for tillage management could result in sustainable cropping system in IGP. A field experiment was conducted for five years on an annual soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (SW) rotation in the northwest IGP of India to evaluate effect of tillage, raised bed planting and straw mulch on yield, soil properties, water use efficiency (WUE) and profitability. In soybean, straw mulch reduced soil temperature at seeding depth by about 2.5 \uffc2\uffb0C compared with no mulch. Straw mulch also resulted in slightly reduced water use and slightly higher WUE relative to their respective unmulched treatments. During wheat emergence, raised beds resulted in higher soil temperature by 1.6 \uffc2\uffb0C compared with flat treatments. Bulk density and cumulative infiltration were greater in no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. Soil organic carbon in surface layer increased significantly after five years of experimentation. Soybean and wheat yields were similar under different treatments during all the years of experimentation. Soybean and wheat planted on raised beds recorded about 17% and 23% higher WUE, respectively, than in flat layout. The net returns from SW system were greater in no-tillage and permanent raised beds than with conventional tillage. Both no-tillage and permanent raised bed technologies can be adopted for sustainable crop production in SW rotation in northwest IGP. However, more studies are required representing different soil types and climate conditions for making recommendations for other regions of IGP.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. S. Kler, K. S. Saini, Yadvinder Singh, Jagadish Timsina, Hari Ram,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000264"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479713000264", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479713000264", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479713000264"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479713000434", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-05", "title": "Sequential Intercropping Of Common Bean And Mung Bean With Maize In Southern Ethiopia", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Most previous studies focused on intercropping systems involving two-crop associations. However, there is much scope to improve existing cropping systems by devising and evaluating modifications that allow more effective use of the season. To this effect, experiments were conducted to quantify efficiency of sequential intercropping consisting of maize (Zea maysL.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) during 2007 and 2009 cropping seasons, in southern Ethiopia. Treatments included three- and two-crop associations and equivalent sole crops of components. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and area time equivalency ratio (ATER) were used to estimate intercropping advantage. Maize had the highest partialLER, 0.95, whenever mung bean comes first in the sequence. Comparable partialLERs were observed in common bean irrespective of planting times while mung bean had greater partialLERs from simultaneous rather than sequential planting. Maize had the highest competitive ratio (1.56) followed by common bean (0.67) and mung bean (0.53). The three-crop association involving simultaneous planting of maize with mung bean followed by common bean (MZ + MB \uffe2\uff88\uff92 CB) gave the highest mean totalLERof 1.66. This combination also had the highest combined productivity and maximum monetary gain, which is above the minimum acceptable marginal rate of return. It exceeded advantages from intercrops of maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean by 41% and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93mung bean by 23%. Thus, farmers would get greater advantage from practicing sequential intercropping in areas where the season is sufficient to grow long-duration maize.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Walelign Worku", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000434"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479713000434", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479713000434", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479713000434"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479797000148", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "A Study Of The Partitioning Of Applied Nitrogen Between Maize And Beans In Intercropping", "description": "<p>The experiment examined how nitrogen applied to a maize crop was partitioned when the maize was intercropped with beans. Treatments consisted of 2, 4 and 6 rows of beans at within-row spacings of 20 or 10\uffe2\uff80\uff86cm sown between \uffe2\uff80\uff98maize' rows in which maize was either present or absent. Nitrogen was applied at 0, 30, 60, 90 or  120\uffe2\uff80\uff86kg\uffe2\uff80\uff86ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Maize showed a large response to nitrogen and this was little affected by beans. All bean rows in all positions showed some response to nitrogen. The largest response was from the rows closest to the maize, but this response  was similar whether these rows were 20, 40 or 60\uffe2\uff80\uff86cm from the maize. Beans gave a much greater response in the absence of maize, indicating that the main factor determining  the partitioning of the nitrogen between the two crops was the superior competitive ability of the maize. It is suggested that the approach could be suitable for examining nitrogen partitioning in other non-legume/legume situations.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. Morse, J. Siame, R. W. Willey,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797000148"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479797000148", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479797000148", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479797000148"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479798001069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Interactions Between Nere (Parkia Biglobosa) And Under-Planted Sorghum In A Parkland System In Burkina Faso", "description": "<p>A farmer's intercropping system of white sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and n\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9 (Parkia biglobosa) was studied in Burkina Faso. In quadrats in three differing zones of tree influence, full sun (open field), semi-shade (under the edge of the tree crown) and full shade (under the crown), tree morphology and associated sorghum growth were recorded together with micro-meterological parameters. Mean photosynthetic photon flux density (PFD) was reduced to 51 and 26% of full sun levels, in the semi-shaded and fully shaded quadrats respectively. Soil temperature and moisture were also recorded. In the season studied, the principal effect of the trees on the crop was competition for light. For plants in full shade, total shoot and panicle mass were halved compared with the crop in full sun. However, plants in semi-shade were able to compensate for decreased PFD almost entirely. Measurable compensatory effects were decreased rate of leaf senescence, greater partitioning of resources into leaf production, and larger, thinner leaf laminae. It was concluded that the current farmers' practice of sowing under the crowns of trees produced a worthwhile, if somewhat reduced, crop yield, and that socially, economically and ecologically the sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93n\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9 parkland system was worth retaining.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "H. F. Tomlinson, T. D. Wilson, R.M. Brook,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798001069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479798001069", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479798001069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479798001069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600084045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Effects Of Planting Density And Plant Arrangement Pattern On Growth And Yields Of Maize ( Zea Mays L.) And Soya Bean ( Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) Grown In Mixtures", "description": "Summary<p>The growth and development of maize and soya bean when grown in mixtures in different proportions and arrangements were studied at Samaru (11\uffc2\uffb0 11' N, 38\uffc2\uffb0 E) and Yandev (07\uffc2\uffb0 23' N, 09\uffc2\uffb0 10' E) in the savannah belts of Nigeria. The crops were sown in both pure and mixed stands. The pure-stand densities were 513 plants/m2 for maize and 20\uffc2\uffb715 plants/m2 for soya bean. Mixtures were made in three proportions: additive (100:100), containing 100% of the sole crop population of each crop; semi-additive (67:67), containing 67% of each crop's sole population; and replacement (67:33 and 33:67), containing 67% of one crop's population to the other's 33%. The mixtures were formed either on the same ridge (in-ridge) or on different ridges (alternate ridge).</p><p>Maize grain yield at Samuru was not significantly reduced in mixtures except where its proportion was reduced to 33% of its sole crop density. Seed yields in soya bean were significantly reduced in all mixtures, and when associated with maize density of not greater than 67%, soya bean was capable of 50% of its sole crop yield. At Yandev, late planting coupled with inadequate rainfall in the month following planting depressed seed yields in both crops, the sole crop yields being only 1\uffc2\uffb753 t/ha in maize and 0\uffc2\uffb724 t/ha in soya bean. Also maize appeared to be adversely affected in the mixtures at this location, the yields being significantly reduced in the mixtures irrespective of planting ratios.</p><p>All mixtures, except 100:100 at Yandev, proved beneficial by producing land equivalent ratio (LER) values greater than one, while 67:67 proportions made higher gross returns than any of the sole crops at Samaru. In this experiment moderately high populations of each crop were found to be necessary to obtain beneficial yields from the mixtures. In this regard semi-additive mixtures, with 67% of each crop's pure stand population, appeared most appropriate.</p><p>Incidence of maize streak was significantly lower in alternate ridge mixtures; otherwise the crop in the mixtures seemed to be little affected by pattern of plant arrangement; while soya bean was quite sensitive, its flowering and podding being significantly delayed in in-ridge mixtures at Yandev. The legume yields in this mixture were also slightly, though not significantly, adversely affected. Thus alternate ridge arrangement was more favourable.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Isa A. M. Yunusa", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600084045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600084045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600084045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600084045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1989-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479797003104", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Pigeonpea In Simultaneous Fallow-Cropping Systems In The Subhumid Forest-Savanna Mosaic Zone Of West Africa", "description": "The potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) as a simultaneous fallow component in cropping systems is unique in that, being a shrubby grain legume, it combines food production with ease of establishment, fast growth and high biomass productivity. A study was carried out under on-farm conditions at three different sites in southern Benin, West Africa over two years to evaluate the biomass productivity and recycled nutrients of a local pigeonpea cultivar, managed as annual hedgerows. Pigeonpea was sown between a standard cassava-maize intercrop and compared with two other agroforestry systems and annual intercrops with and without mineral fertilizer. The number of cuts taken at a height of 1 m was doubled from two in 1991-92 to four in the 1992-93 season, leading to an increase in total cut dry matter by a factor of eight (1908 g m -2 ) and cut leaf dry matter by a factor of fourteen (1317 g m -2 ) in 1992-93. There were no trade-offs in subsequent dry grain (9.5 g m -2 ) and firewood yields (96.2 g m -2 ) for cutting hedges earlier and more often during the second year, despite much lower precipitation. In pigeonpea recycled nutrients, N, P, Ca, Mg and K, increased proportionally to cut dry matter yields. Yield increases over two years with pigeonpea were highest among all evaluated cropping systems for maize (+150%) and significant for cassava (+66%). Pigeonpea as a simultaneous fallow component in cassava-maize intercropping, can help to sustain moderate yields of maize and cassava, provided that insects, nematodes and diseases do not lower its high biomass productivity with continued cropping after two years.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. E. Leihner, A. B\u00f6hringer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797003104"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479797003104", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479797003104", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479797003104"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0014479799001039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Influence Of Scattered Nere And Karite Trees On Microclimate, Soil Fertility And Millet Yield In Burkina Faso", "description": "<p>Microclimate and soil fertility were measured under and away from the canopies of small and large scattered trees of n\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9 (Parkia biglobosa) and karit\uffc3\uffa9 (Vitellaria paradoxa) to explain their influence on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). During the rainy season, photosynthetically active radiation under both tree canopies was reduced to 24% of incident radiation but, surprisingly, millet biomass was not significantly different from that in the open. Millet seedlings under the tree canopies experienced only 1\uffe2\uff80\uff939 h week\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of supra-optimal temperatures (&gt;40\uffe2\uff80\uff86\uffc2\uffb0C) compared with 27 h week\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the open. Reduction in windspeed and soil evaporation was observed under the trees but was unlikely to have a significant influence on millet growth since water was not limiting (rainfall\uffe2\uff80\uff88=\uffe2\uff80\uff88920 mm).</p><p>Exchangeable potassium, percentage carbon and pH were significantly higher and \uffce\uffb413C lower in soil under trees than in the open. Nitrogen levels were not significantly higher than in the open except for large n\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9 trees. Carbon derived from C3 plants, calculated from \uffce\uffb413C, was significantly higher in soils under trees than in the open and is recommended as a good indicator of the influence of trees on soils. These results show that the combined beneficial effects of temperature modifications and soil fertility could exceed the negative effect of tree shade.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. K. Ong, K. Jonsson, J. C. W. Odongo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479799001039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0014479799001039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0014479799001039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0014479799001039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600000824", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-30", "title": "The Effect Of Earthworms On Soil Productiveness", "description": "<p>Gilbert White devotes one of his letters to earthworms. \uffe2\uff80\uff9cWorms,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d he says \uffe2\uff80\uff9c seem to be the great promoters of vegetation, which would \uffe2\uff80\uff9c proceed but lamely without them, by boring, perforating, and loosen-\uffe2\uff80\uff9cing the soil, and rendering it pervious to rains and the fibres of plants, \uffe2\uff80\uff9cby drawing straws and stalks of leaves and twigs into it; and, most of \uffe2\uff80\uff9c all, by throwing up such infinite numbers of lumps of earth called \uffe2\uff80\uff9c worm-casts, which, being their excrement, is a fine manure for grain \uffe2\uff80\uff9cand grass\uffe2\uff80\uffa6 the earth without worms would soon become cold, hard-\uffe2\uff80\uff9c bound, and void of fermentation, and consequently sterile.\uffe2\uff80\uff9d Sixty years later, in 1837, Darwin published a paper, in which he showed the important part played by worms in the formation of vegetable mould. Further observations were recorded by Hensen in 1877. Agricultural chemists did not, however, generally make use of any of this work, and it was not till 1881 that the publication of Darwin'sEarthworms and Vegetable Moulddirected so much attention to the subject that the action of earthworms could no longer be disregarded. Several investigations have since been made into the part played by earthworms in promoting fertility, perhaps the best known being those recorded in Wollny'sZersetzung der organischen Stoffe.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Edward John Russell", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600000824"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600000824", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600000824", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600000824"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1910-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600024345", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Preliminary Trials On The Intercropping Of Maize With Different Tropical Legumes In Western Nigeria", "description": "Summary<p>A preliminary investigation on interplanting of maize with nine different tropical legumes in the rain-forest zone of the Western State of Nigeria at Ibadan indicated that Popondo (Phaseolus lunatus) and Mucuna (Mucuna utilis) lowered maize yield, while calopo (Calopogonium tnucunoides) Cowpea (Vigna sinensis) and greengram (Phaseolus aureus) had much less effect on maize and were themselves tolerant to maize shade. These three legumes were interplanted with maize continuously for four growing seasons, during which there was a significant response of maize to fertilizer treatment only in the control (no legume) treatment. Maize interplanted with the legumes gave no response to applications of 50 lb N per acre.</p><p>High yields of maize were maintained during the four growing seasons in both the fertilized control plots and those interplanted with different legumes without fertilizer, whereas the yield of maize in plots with neither legume nor fertilizer was reduced to half of the yield of the first maize crop.</p><p>Starting from the third cropping season, there was a significant interaction between the presence or absence of legume and fertilizer.</p><p>The planting pattern of the maize and legumes (intercropping or growing maize after the legume harvest) did not affect the yield of maize.</p><p>Legumes tended to compete with maize during the late cropping season. This did not affect the maize yield seriously during the investigation, but legume yield was significantly suppressed by maize shade.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Adeboyejo A. A. Fayemi, Akinola A. Agboola,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600024345"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600024345", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600024345", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600024345"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1971-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/627341", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:27:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-01", "title": "How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Carbon (C) in soils persists on a range of timescales depending on physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact with soil organic matter (SOM) and affect its rate of decomposition. Together these processes determine the age distribution of soil C. Most attempts to measure this age distribution have relied on operationally defined fractions using properties like density, aggregate stability, solubility, or chemical reactivity. Recently, thermal fractionation, which relies on the activation energy needed to combust SOM, has shown promise for separating young from old C by applying increasing heat to decompose SOM. Here, we investigated radiocarbon (14C) and 13C of C released during thermal fractionation to link activation energy to the age distribution of C in bulk soil and components previously separated by density and chemical properties. While physically and chemically isolated fractions had very distinct mean 14C values, they contributed C across the full temperature range during thermal analysis. Thus, each thermal fraction collected during combustion of bulk soil integrates contributions from younger and older C derived from components having different physical and chemical properties but the same activation energy. Bulk soil and all density and chemical fractions released progressively older and more 13C-enriched C with increasing activation energy, indicating that each operationally defined fraction itself was not homogeneous but contained a mix of C with different ages and degrees of microbial processing. Overall, we found that defining the full age distribution of C in bulk soil is best quantified by first separating particulate C prior to thermal fractionation of mineral-associated SOM. For the Podzol analyzed here, thermal fractions confirmed that \u223c\u200995\u2009% of the mineral-associated organic matter (MOM) had a relatively narrow 14C distribution, while 5\u2009% was very low in 14C and likely reflected C from the &lt;\u20092\u2009mm parent shale material in the soil matrix. After first removing particulate C using density or size separation, thermal fractionation can provide a rapid technique to study the age structure of MOM and how it is influenced by different OM\u2013mineral interactions.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "Soil Science", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31636/1/stoner-s-w-et-al-20230830.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/627341"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/627341", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/627341", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/627341"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s001447979935403x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Effect Of Crop Residue Management In A Rice-Wheat Cropping System On Growth And Yield Of Crops And On Soil Fertility", "description": "<p>Crop residue management is posing a serious problem in the rice (Oryza sativa)\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system, which is widely practised in the Indian Subcontinent and China, and covers about 22.5\uffe2\uff80\uff86\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff86106 ha. The problem is serious because there is very little turn-around time between rice harvest and wheat sowing. Three practices, namely, residue removal, residue burning and residue incorporation were compared in two field experiments, one with the rice residues and the other with the wheat residues. Results obtained showed that both rice and wheat residues can be safely incorporated without any detrimental effects on the crops of rice or wheat grown immediately after incorporation. Incorporation of crop residue also improved soil fertility status as judged by organic carbon and available phosphorus and potassium contents. Residue incorporation should be preferred over residue burning, which results in the loss of valuable plant nutrients and is both an environmental and a health hazard.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s001447979935403x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s001447979935403x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s001447979935403x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s001447979935403x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600016075", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Leys And Soil Organic Matter", "description": "<p>1. The increase in soil carbon has been assessed in arable land sown to different leys variously managed.</p><p>2. Under swards cut for herbage conservation, carbon in the top 15 cm. of soil increased by about 0-05 % each year. Although an increase of 0-3 % was found immediately under drills of cocksfoot grown for seed production, there was no increase midway between the drills and, for a given area of land, the carbon increment under such row-crops is probably similar to that under cut swards.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T. E. Williams, C. R. Clement,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600016075"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600016075", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600016075", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600016075"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1964-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600028616", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Interaction Between Maize And Cowpea At Various Frequencies", "description": "Summary<p>Maize and cowpea were grown at various replacement ratios (100/0, 67/33, 50/50, 33/67 and 0/100) in field experiments. The experiments were carried out during the early growing seasons of 1977 and 1978 at Ibadan in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. A maize cultivar (FARZ 17) and three cowpea cultivars (Ife brown, New Era and TVu 4557) were used.</p><p>Maize sown alone gave a greater yield than all mixtures. The yield of New Era cowpea was no less when grown in mixture with maize than when grown alone; indeed when grown in a 50/50 mixture it was significantly greater.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. U. Remison", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600028616"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600028616", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600028616", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600028616"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1980-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600043069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "The Effects Of Direct Drilling, Shallow Cultivation And Ploughing On Some Soil Physical Properties In A Long-Term Experiment On Spring Barley", "description": "Summary<p>Physical measurements were made on the soil of a long-term cultivation experiment comparing direct drilling, tine cultivation and mouldboard ploughing for spring barley to investigate possible reasons for differences in yield. The soil was a typical argillio brown earth, approximately 90 cm of sandy clay loam topsoil and clay loam subsoil overlying magnesian limestone. For the three periods 1971\uffe2\uff80\uff934, 1975\uffe2\uff80\uff937 and 1978\uffe2\uff80\uff9380 the mean grain yields were marginally lower after direct drilling than after shallow cultivation or ploughing. There was an average decline in yield of 1\uffc2\uffb733 t/ha from the first to the last period, the decline being greater for direct drilling than the other two tillage systems. Although the surface horizon (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm) of direct-drilled soil had a higher content of organic matter than the ploughed, this did not increase the stability of the aggregates. Slaking tests had shown the soil to be inherently unstable and likely to suffer from structural problems. After the first 3 years bulk density of direct-drilled soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) increased markedly toca.l\uffc2\uffb75 g/cm8and then remained relatively stable. In the ploughed soil, density increased steadily over the period to an average value of co. 1\uffc2\uffb745 g/cm8. Tine cultivation to 7\uffe2\uff80\uff938 cm reduced cone resistance values in the surface compared with direct-drilled soil but below 15 cm there were no significant differences. Ploughing gave significantly lower values than direct drilling to a depth of 30 cm. Measurements of pore sizes in direct-drilled and ploughed soil were highly variable with few significant differences. Mean air capacity values (1978\uffe2\uff80\uff9380) tended to be lower in direct-drilled than in ploughed topsoil particularly for plots direct drilled after 7 years of deep tine cultivation. A limited number of root measurements in 1978 and 1980 showed that the length of root per unit of ground area was much less after direct drilling than after ploughing. Shallow cultivation, surprisingly, gave most root with a greater proportion of the root system below 20 cm than in the other two treatments. The classification of this soil according to its suitability for direct drilling cereals is discussed.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K. Chaney, M.A. Braim, D. R. Hodgson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600043069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600043069", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600043069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600043069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1985-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600068453", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Analysis Of Maize\u2013Common Bean Intercrops In Semi-Arid Kenya", "description": "Summary<p>Maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were each sown at four plant densities, including zero, in a bivariate factorial design at Kiboko Rangeland Research Station, Kenya during the long and short rains of 1990. The design gave nine intercrops with different proportions of maize and beans, and six sole crops, three of maize and three of beans. Seed yields in both the sole crops were not significantly affected by plant density, so the mean yield was used to calculate the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), which averaged 1\uffc2\uffb709 in the long rains but only 0\uffc2\uffb787 in the short rains. These low values were apparently due to the fact that beans failed to nodulate and fix nitrogen in the study area. The difference in LER between seasons was probably caused by differences in the amount and distribution of rain in relation to crop growth. Maize was more competitive than bean, each maize plant being equivalent to between 0\uffc2\uffb77 and 3\uffc2\uffb74 bean plants depending upon the treatment and the season.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068453"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600068453", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600068453", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600068453"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600037084", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-30", "title": "A Comparison Of The Organic-Matter, Biomass, Adenosine-Triphosphate And Mineralizable Nitrogen Contents Of Ploughed And Direct-Drilled Soils", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Soil samples were taken from four field experiments on the growth of cereals in direct-drilled and in mouldboard-ploughed soil. When sampled, one of the experiments had run for 5 years, one for 6, one for 8 and one for 10 years. Sampling was to just below plough depth and was done on an \uffe2\uff80\uff98equivalent depth\uffe2\uff80\uff99 basis, i.e. the more compact direct-drilled plots were sampled more shallowly than the ploughed plots in such a way that both samples represented the same weight of soil per unit area. No significant differences in total nitrogen or in total organic carbon were observed between cultivation treatments at any of the four sites.</p><p>In three of the four sites, there was no significant difference in microbial biomass carbon, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), or mineralizable nitrogen between directdrilled and ploughed soils. In the fourth, which contained more clay than the others, there was slightly more biomass carbon and ATP in the direct-drilled soil. As microbial biomass carbon (or ATP, which is closely correlated with microbial biomass carbon) responds more rapidly to changes in management than do total carbon and nitrogen, a change in biomass carbon should provide early warning of changes in soil organic matter, long before changes in total carbon and nitrogen become measurable. That no such change was observed, with one partial exception, is evidence that a change from traditional methods of cultivation to direct drilling has little effect on soil organic matter other than altering its distribution in the soil profile.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Powlson, D. S., Jenkinson, D. S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600037084"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600037084", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600037084", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600037084"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1981-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600054976", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Pod And Grain Yields From Intercropping Maize And Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. In Nigeria", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Field experiments were conducted at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, during two cropping seasons, with two cultivars of climbing cow peas (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. subspeciessesquipedalis) cv. FARV-13 and TVU-1209. The work investigated their yields when intercropped with maize, which served as live support.</p><p>The results showed that there were varietal differences in the cow-pea response to method of planting. Under the intercropped systems, highest dry-matter yield was obtained when TVU-1209 was planted on the same hill with maize while similar yields were obtained with FARV-13 planted in alternate hills with maize. TVU-1209 did not increase maize lodging except when planted in alternate hills with maize, but FARV-13 significantly increased maize lodging under all planting methods. Consequently, FARV-13 reduced maize yields more than TVU-1209.</p><p>Neither pod length nor pod weight was affected by the planting. Highest yields from both cow pea and maize combined were realized from TVU-1209 planted between rows of maize. The yield of FARV-13 cow pea intercropped with maize did not show any advantage due to intercropping over sole crop of each.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. B. C. Wanki, D. Nangju, M. O. A. Fawusi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600054976"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600054976", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600054976", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600054976"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1982-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859600078667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-30", "title": "A Comparison Of Six Cover Crop Types In Terms Of Nitrogen Uptake And Effect On Response To Nitrogen By A Subsequent Spring Barley Crop", "description": "SUMMARY<p>A field experiment was conducted at nine sites in England (1991\uffe2\uff80\uff9394) to compare six sown species of cover crop and natural regeneration in terms of nitrogen uptake and effect on response to applied N by a subsequent spring barley crop. The success and extent of cover crop establishment varied among sites and was insignificant in two. This may be associated with the relatively late sowing of the cover crops, the earliest site being sown on 27 August and the latest on 19 October. Dry matter (DM) yield of the sown cover crop at time of incorporation was related to sowing date, earlier sowing giving the higher yields. Maximum total DM yield and N uptake by the above-ground portion of cover crops were 1280kgDM/ha and 38 kg N/ha respectively. The extent of N uptake by the cover crops appeared to be related to the success of establishment rather than to the level of soil nitrate-N at the time of their sowing. Effects of cover crop incorporation on the subsequent spring barley were small. There was no evidence for any positive effect of the cover crop on N supply to the barley. In one trial, incorporation of forage rye significantly reduced grain yield of the barley by 0\uffc2\uffb77\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffc2\uffb72 t/ha compared to other cover crop species.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "I. R. Richards, P. A. Wallace, I. D. S. Turner,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600078667"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859600078667", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859600078667", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859600078667"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859601001861", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "The Effect Of Planting Combinations And Weeding On The Growth And Yield Of Component Crops Of Maize/Bean And Maize/Pumpkin Intercrops", "description": "<p>A diagnostic survey carried out in 1997 to obtain baseline information on the farming situation in Transkei area of South Africa, showed that agriculture in this area was characterized by low technological inputs which invariably led to low agricultural outputs. The main farming system of the majority of the farmers (98%) was based on intercropping involving maize, beans and pumpkin combined in an haphazard fashion.</p><p>Based on the above findings, two field experiments were set up in 1998 designed to bring out the best planting combinations for maize/beans and maize/pumpkin intercrops which could be introduced to the farmers. Effect of weeding on the intercrops was also investigated.</p><p>In both intercrops, intercropping adversely affected the plant heights and circumferences of the component crops. Also, the yield of the individual crop in each intercrop was depressed by intercropping compared with its sole yield. In maize/beans intercrop, the yield of maize was depressed by 15% and that of beans by 13%. However in both intercrops, productivity as measured by Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was the highest with maize at 10000 plants/ha combined with beans at 150000 plants/ha (2\uffc2\uffb760) with weeding while the combination with the best LER (1\uffc2\uffb750) in maize/pumpkin intercrop was at 30000 plants/ha of maize combined with pumpkin at 2500 plants/ha, with weeding. However, before any final recommendation is made, the profitability of each combination has to be considered.</p><p>Weeding was found to enhance intercrop yields in maize/bean combination by 35% and by 30% in maize/pumpkin combination.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "T. Tembakazi Silwana, Ephraim Olabode Lucas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001861"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859601001861", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859601001861", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859601001861"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2022je007190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-25", "title": "InSight Pressure Data Recalibration, and Its Application to the Study of Long-Term Pressure Changes on Mars", "description": "Abstract<p>Observations of the South Polar Residual Cap suggest a possible erosion of the cap, leading to an increase of the global mass of the atmosphere. We test this assumption by making the first comparison between Viking 1 and InSight surface pressure data, which were recorded 40\uffc2\uffa0years apart. Such a comparison also allows us to determine changes in the dynamics of the seasonal ice caps between these two periods. To do so, we first had to recalibrate the InSight pressure data because of their unexpected sensitivity to the sensor temperature. Then, we had to design a procedure to compare distant pressure measurements. We propose two surface pressure interpolation methods at the local and global scale to do the comparison. The comparison of Viking and InSight seasonal surface pressure variations does not show changes larger than \uffc2\uffb18\uffc2\uffa0Pa in the CO2 cycle. Such conclusions are supported by an analysis of Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) pressure data. Further comparisons with images of the south seasonal cap taken by the Viking 2 orbiter and MARCI camera do not display significant changes in the dynamics of this cap over a 40\uffc2\uffa0year period. Only a possible larger extension of the North Cap after the global storm of MY 34 is observed, but the physical mechanisms behind this anomaly are not well determined. Finally, the first comparison of MSL and InSight pressure data suggests a pressure deficit at Gale crater during southern summer, possibly resulting from a large presence of dust suspended within the crater.</p>", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Astronomy", "Atmosphere (unit)", "FOS: Mechanical engineering", "Library science", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "CO<SUB>2</SUB> ice", "pressure", "Mars Exploration Program", "Engineering", "Surface pressure", "Storm", "Martian Climate", "Space Suit Design and Ergonomics for EVA", "Martian Atmosphere", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "Climatology", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Martian Surface", "Physics", "Geology", "Impact crater", "Condensed matter physics", "Anomaly (physics)", "World Wide Web", "Algorithm", "Satellite Observations", "Residual", "Physical Sciences", "Exploration and Study of Mars", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Research Article", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Mars", "Aerospace Engineering", "Pressure gradient", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "atmospheric mass", "Meteorology", "Orbiter", "0103 physical sciences", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)", "Formation and Evolution of the Solar System", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Pressure system", "CO 2 ice", "Astronomy and Astrophysics", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Astrobiology", "Computer science", "Physics and Astronomy", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "Environmental Science", "cap sublimation", "Water on Mars", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022JE007190"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022je007190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Planets", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2022je007190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2022je007190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2022je007190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859603003186", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-07", "title": "The Effect Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Soil Physical Condition And The Productivity Of A Rice\u2013Lentil Cropping Sequence In India", "description": "<p>A field experiment lasting 9 years was initiated in 1987 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management involving incorporation of wheat straw (WS) or farmyard manure (FYM) alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer on a fine loamy mixed hyperthermic udic Ustochrept. Soil physical properties and the productivity of a rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93lentil cropping sequence were examined in a dry land farming system.</p><p>At the end of the ninth cropping season, addition of organic materials had increased organic carbon, aggregate stability, moisture retention capacity and infiltration rate of the surface soil while reducing the bulk density. Application of inorganic fertilizer alone decreased the stability of macro aggregates and moisture retention capacity but increased the bulk density values. Treatment effects on moisture retentivity were more pronounced in the higher (0\uffc2\uffb73\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffc2\uffb75 MPa) suction range. During the first six experimental years, sole application of inorganic fertilizers produced 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9317% higher grain yield of rice, compared to sole application of organic sources or combined organic and inorganic sources. Annual applications of wheat straw and farmyard manure gave higher grain yields of rice from the seventh year onwards. Grain yields of lentil were higher with organic sources either alone or combined with inorganic nutrients.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. P. Singh, S. R. Singh, S. Sarkar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603003186"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859603003186", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859603003186", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859603003186"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859605005812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-10", "title": "Estimated N Leaching Losses For Organic And Conventional Farming In Denmark", "description": "<p>The impact of organic, compared with conventional, farming practices on N leaching loss was studied for Danish mixed dairy and arable farms using an N balance approach based on representative data. On mixed dairy farms, a simple N balance method was used to estimate N surplus and N leaching loss. On arable farms, the simple N balance method was unreliable due to changes in the soil N pool. Consequently, the Farm ASSEssment Tool (FASSET) simulation model was used to estimate N surplus, N leaching loss and the changes in the soil N pool.</p><p>The study found a lower N leaching loss from organic than conventional mixed dairy farms, primarily due to lower N inputs. On organic arable farms, the soil N pool increased over time but the N leaching loss was comparable with conventional arable farms. The soil N pool was increased primarily by organic farming practices and incorporation of straw. The highest increase in the soil N pool was seen on soils with a low initial level of organic matter. The N leaching loss was dependent on soil type, the use of catch crops and the level of soil organic matter, whereas incorporation of straw had a minor effect. N leaching was highest on sandy soils with a high level of soil organic matter and no catch crops. The present results stress the importance of using representative data from organic and conventional farming practices in comparative studies of N leaching loss. Lack of representative data has been a major weakness of previous comparisons on N leaching losses on organic and conventional farms.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nutrient turnover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "Farming Systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605005812"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859605005812", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859605005812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859605005812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859608008071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-30", "title": "A Short-Term Comparison Of Organic V. Conventional Agriculture In A Silty Loam Soil Using Two Organic Amendments", "description": "SUMMARY<p>The transition from conventional to organic farming is accompanied by changes in soil chemical properties and processes that could affect soil fertility. The organic system is very complex and the present work carries out a short-term comparison of the effects of organic and conventional agriculture on the chemical properties of a silty loam soil (Xerofluvent) located in the Guadalquivir River Valley, Seville, Spain, through a succession of five crop cycles over a 3-year period. Crop rotation and varieties were compared in a conventional system using inorganic fertilizer and two organic systems using either plant compost or manure. At the end of the study, organic farming management resulted in higher soil organic carbon (OC), N and available P, K, Fe and Zn. The available Mn and especially Cu values did not show significant differences. In general, treatment with manure resulted in more rapid increases in soil nutrient values than did plant compost, which had an effect on several crop cycles later. The present study demonstrated that the use of organic composts results in an increase in OC and the storage of nutrients, which can provide long-term fertility benefits. Nevertheless, at least 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 years of organic management are necessary, depending on compost characteristics, to observe significant differences. Average crop yields were 23% lower in organic crops. Nevertheless, only two crops showed statistically significant differences.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Herencia, Juan F., Ruiz Porras, J. C., Melero S\u00e1nchez, Sebastiana, Garc\u00eda Galav\u00eds, P. A., Maqueda Porras, Celia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859608008071", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859608008071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859608008071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859608008265", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-22", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Manure Application On Grain Yield Under Different Cropping Systems And Ecological Conditions In China", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Rice (Oryza sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and maize (Zea maysL.) are the main crops grown in China. Applying organic manures is an important practice in sustaining soil fertility and agricultural productivity in these cropping systems. The current paper presents the effects of manure application on grain yields in nine long-term experiments that consist of one continuous maize, four wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize and four rice-based cropping systems across a wide range of agro-ecological regions in China. The study shows that regular manure application can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain yield across all the sites. Overall, regular use of manure results in larger increases in SOC in the maize and wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize systems than in the rice-based systems. Application of manure tends to increase the grain yield in the maize and wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize systems during the final years, but increases the grain yield in the rice-based systems during the initial years of the long-term experiments. There is only one site that shows significant improvement in the yield trend in association with the application of manure. The effects of manure on yield trends are probably determined by the initial yield and/or the \uffe2\uff80\uff98organic C effect\uffe2\uff80\uff99 that may cause gradual improvements in SOC and soil physical properties.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Minggang Xu, F. Zhang, H. Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008265"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859608008265", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859608008265", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859608008265"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859611000050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-28", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics And Crop Yield For Different Crop Rotations In A Degraded Ferruginous Tropical Soil In A Semi-Arid Region: A Simulation Approach", "description": "SUMMARY<p>In recent years, simulation models have been used as a complementary tool for research and for quantifying soil carbon sequestration under widely varying conditions. This has improved the understanding and prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and crop yield responses to soil and climate conditions and crop management scenarios. The goal of the present study was to estimate the changes in SOC for different cropping systems in West Africa using a simulation model. A crop rotation experiment conducted in Farak\uffc3\uffb4-Ba, Burkina Faso was used to evaluate the performance of the cropping system model (CSM) of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) for simulating yield of different crops. Eight crop rotations that included cotton, sorghum, peanut, maize and fallow, and three different management scenarios, one without N (control), one with chemical fertilizer (N) and one with manure applications, were studied. The CSM was able to simulate the yield trends of various crops, with inconsistencies for a few years. The simulated SOC increased slightly across the years for the sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation with manure application. However, SOC decreased for all other rotations except for the continuous fallow (native grassland), in which the SOC remained stable. The model simulated SOC for the continuous fallow system with a high degree of accuracy normalized root mean square error (RMSE)=0\uffc2\uffb7001, while for the other crop rotations the simulated SOC values were generally within the standard deviation (s.d.) range of the observed data. The crop rotations that included a supplemental N-fertilizer or manure application showed an increase in the average simulated aboveground biomass for all crops. The incorporation of this biomass into the soil after harvest reduced the loss of SOC. In the present study, the observed SOC data were used for characterization of production systems with different SOC dynamics. Following careful evaluation of the CSM with observed soil organic matter (SOM) data similar to the study presented here, there are many opportunities for the application of the CSM for carbon sequestration and resource management in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "crop rotation", "yields", "Crops and Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859611000050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859611000050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859611000050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2024GB008367", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-05", "title": "Insect Herbivory Releases More Nutrients in Warmer and Drier Forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate, forest successional stage, and soil substrate age can alter herbivore communities and their effects on biogeochemical cycling, but the size and spatial variability of these effects are poorly quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we established a globally distributed network of 50 broadleaved old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth forests across six continents, encompassing well\uffe2\uff80\uff90constrained local\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale gradients in mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), succession, and soil substrate age. We used this network to investigate how these variables impact insect foliar herbivory and the associated carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica fluxes in forest ecosystems. Over 1 to 2\uffc2\uffa0years, we measured stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar biomass production, leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level herbivory, and foliar element concentrations. At the global scale, insect herbivores liberated higher amounts of elements from the canopies of warmer and drier sites than those of cooler and wetter sites with patterns for phosphorus being most pronounced. MAT exerted a stronger influence over insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes than MAP. Foliar biomass production and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level herbivory responses to MAT and MAP were mainly responsible for the observed changes in insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes; we also observed minor effects of foliar phosphorus concentration on phosphorus fluxes. Local\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale trends were mixed and successional stage or soil substrate age did not appear to influence insect herbivore\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated element fluxes. These results demonstrate that climate effects on plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90herbivore interactions are stronger at large than small scales, at which herbivory rates and nutrient fluxes appear to be more strongly affected by a diversity of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate factors.</p", "keywords": ["Skogsvetenskap", "Forest Science", "primary forest", "folivory", "silicon", "elevation gradient", "nutrient cycling", "chronosequence", "Climate Science", "Klimatvetenskap"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bernice C. Hwang, Christian P. Giardina, M. Noelia Barrios\u2010Garcia, Haoyu Diao, Virginia Gisela Duboscq\u2010Carra, Andreas Hemp, Claudia Hemp, Mylthon Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Castillo, Paulina Lobos\u2010Catal\u00e1n, Levan Mumladze, Ana C. Palma, Ion Catalin Petritan, Mariano A. Rodriguez\u2010Cabal, Tommi Andersson, Kainana S. Francisco, Shelley A. Gage, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Seana K. Walsh, Daniel B. Metcalfe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008367"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2024GB008367", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2024GB008367", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2024GB008367"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0890037x00028311", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-11", "title": "Vegetation Management In The Cross Timbers: Response Of Woody Species To Herbicides And Burning", "description": "<p>Brush control and woody plant community structure in the Cross Timbers of Oklahoma resulting from treatments with herbicides and fire were compared. Tebuthiuron and triclopyr were applied alone and in combination with burning at 2.2 kg ai ha-1in March and June of 1983, respectively. The burned pastures were burned with strip headfires in late spring of 1985, 1986, and 1987. Both herbicides were effective on the dominant overstory brush species, blackjack oak and post oak, and this resulted in good reduction of canopy cover of brush initially. However, effects of triclopyr were short-lived because of ineffectiveness on many of the other hardwood species (American elm, gum bumelia, hackberry, roughleaf dogwood, and buckbrush). Crown reduction and tree kill of these hardwood species was usually better with tebuthiuron than with triclopyr. Neither herbicide was effective on eastern redcedar. Better brush control, associated with tebuthiuron, resulted in better fine fuel release and by 1988, burning was having a significant effect on woody plants in the tebuthiuron-treated plots.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. F. Stritzke, F. Ted McCollum, David M. Engle,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028311"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0890037x00028311", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0890037x00028311", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0890037x00028311"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859604004459", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-10", "title": "Effect Of Tillage On Growth, Yield And Nutrient Uptake In Wheat After Rice In The Indo-Gangetic Plains Of India", "description": "A 3-year field study was conducted during 1998/99\u20132000/01 on the effect of tillage on crop growth, yield and nutrient use in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown after different methods of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeding. Treatments comprised three methods of rice seeding, viz. direct seeding (unpuddled), manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting by self-propelled rice transplanter as main plots and three tillage levels in wheat (conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), zero tillage (ZT)) as subplots. Results indicated that tillage significantly decreased soil bulk density (1\u00b759 Mg/m3) over the zero tillage system (1\u00b769 Mg/m3). Greater root density in terms of root dry weight (7\u00b750 Mg/20 cm row length) was recorded in CT and the lowest root dry weight (5\u00b780 Mg/20 cm row length) was obtained in ZT during 2000/01. Significantly higher dry matter accumulation (254 g/m row) and leaf area index of wheat (3\u00b704) were consistently recorded under direct seeding of rice, which was statistically different from the other methods of seeding adopted in the preceding rice crop. CT resulted in significantly higher dry matter (253 g/m row) and leaf area index of wheat (3\u00b702) than RT and ZT respectively, during 2000/01. The highest mean yield of wheat (6\u00b702 Mg/ha) was obtained in direct seeding of rice, followed by mechanical and manual transplanting. Among different tillage levels, CT recorded the highest mean yield of wheat (5\u00b790 Mg/ha) followed by RT (5\u00b782 Mg/ha) and ZT (5\u00b740 Mg/ha). The yield reduction was in the order of 11\u00b728 and 6\u00b731% under ZT and RT, respectively. Soil chemical analysis showed that available soil N, P and K contents were affected significantly due to seeding method and tillage after each cycle of rice\u2013wheat sequence. Significantly greater available soil N, P and K were recorded under direct seeding of rice followed by manual and mechanical transplanting. CT recorded significantly lower values of available soil N and higher values of soil P and K whereas ZT recorded higher values of available soil N and lower values of available soil P and K during the 3 years of study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K. K. Singh, K. S. Gangwar, S. K. Sharma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859604004459"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859604004459", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859604004459", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859604004459"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859606006216", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-21", "title": "Effectiveness Of Vegetative Filter Strips In Attenuating Nutrient And Sediment Runoff From Irrigated Pastures", "description": "<p>Increasing concern about non-point source pollutants released from grazing livestock, a worldwide problem, motivated the present study on the effects of vegetative filter strips (VFS) for controlling pollutants (nutrients, micro-organisms and sediment loading) from grazed, irrigated pastures. Flood-irrigated pastures are an important source of forage for livestock during summer months in California, USA when the surrounding rangelands are dry and dormant. Significant amounts of runoff can be generated from these pastures during irrigation events.</p><p>Nine plots on an irrigated pasture were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: Control (no VFS), Treatment VFS-1 (8\uffc2\uffb73\uffc3\uff977 m, 0\uffc2\uffb70058 ha VFS) and Treatment VFS-2 (17\uffc2\uffb71\uffc3\uff977 m, 0\uffc2\uffb7012 ha VFS). In 2000, two grazing events (in April and June/July) occurred during the irrigation season prior to the experiment; further, the experimental plots were grazed between irrigations 2 and 3. Attenuation of runoff loads by VFS treatment was measured during four irrigation events (between 1 August and 3 October 2000) for total suspended solids (TSS), ortho-phosphate (Ortho-P), inorganic phosphate (Inorg-P), total phosphate (Total-P), organic phosphate (Org-P), polyphosphate (Poly-P), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH3, NO3 and presumptive faecal coliforms (FC).</p><p>On average, approximately 0\uffc2\uffb743 of the applied water left the plots as runoff. Treatment effects approached significance for TSS and TKN and were significant (P&lt;0\uffc2\uffb705) for Poly-P and NH3. Irrigation number effects were significant for all but TSS, NO3 and FC. The effects of VFS treatments were not consistent. Treatment VFS-2, although representing the largest buffer strip, did not always produce the lowest pollutant loads in runoff. Slope, relatively high runoff volumes and some channelled flow were probably responsible for the limited effectiveness of VFS in the present study. These results suggest that effectiveness of VFS for reducing sediment and nutrient transport from irrigated pastures may be questionable.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Deanne Meyer, W. Pittroff, E. E. Tooman, V. Hay,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006216"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859606006216", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859606006216", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859606006216"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859608008204", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-19", "title": "Soil Biochemical Response After 23 Years Of Direct Drilling Under A Dryland Agriculture System In Southwest Spain", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Soil enzyme activities are widely utilized as rapid and sensitive indicators in discriminating among soil management effects. The objective of the present study was to compare the influence of conservation tillage, i.e. direct drilling (DD) (residue cover is left on the soil surface)v. conventional tillage (CT), on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a crop rotation (cereals\uffe2\uff80\uff93sunflower\uffe2\uff80\uff93legumes) under dryland production in a semi-arid Mediterranean Vertisol after 23 years. A randomized experimental design was established. Soil biological status was evaluated by measuring of enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and protease). Total organic carbon (TOC) contents were greater in soils managed by DD than those found by CT. Except for protease activity, enzymatic activity values were approximately 2-fold higher in soils under DD than in soils under CT. The \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase values showed a high correlation (fromr=0\uffc2\uffb7481 tor=0\uffc2\uffb7886,P\uffe2\uffa9\uffbd0\uffc2\uffb701) with TOC contents and they were correlated with each other (fromr=0\uffc2\uffb7664 tor=0\uffc2\uffb7923,P\uffe2\uffa9\uffbd0\uffc2\uffb701). The coefficient of variation of biochemical properties was higher than those of chemical properties in both treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two principal components explained 58% and 20% of the total variability. The first principal component was influenced mostly by \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase, dehydrogenase and TOC, whereas the second was influenced by pH. The first component effectively differentiated managed soil under both agriculture practices. In general, long-term soil conservation management by DD in a dryland farming system improved the quality of this Vertisol by enhancing its organic matter content and biochemical activity.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008204"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859608008204", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859608008204", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859608008204"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859609990463", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-20", "title": "Effects Of No-Tillage Management On Soil Biochemical Characteristics In Northern China", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Field experiments (15 years) were carried out to study the effects of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) management practices on the soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, soil enzymatic activities and winter wheat yield on a cinnamon soil in Shanxi, on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Compared to CT, NT increased soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 mm layer by 25, 18 and 7%, respectively. Microbial biomass C and N contents under NT were 41 and 57% greater than under CT on the same layer. In general, higher enzymatic activities were found in the more superficial layers of soil under NT than under CT in the same layer. Winter wheat yield wasc. 20% higher under NT than under CT. These findings have implications for understanding how conservation tillage practices improve soil quality and sustainability in the rainfed dryland farming areas of northern China.</p>", "keywords": ["Agricultural land management", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, EK, Zhao, BQ, Mei, XR, So, HB, Li, J, Li, XY,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859609990463"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859609990463", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859609990463", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859609990463"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859698006182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Effects Of Cowpea, Crotalaria And Sorghum Crops And Phosphorus Fertilizers On Maize Productivity In Semi-Arid West Africa", "description": "<p>Cowpea and sorghum grain crops, fertilized with 26 kg of phosphorus  (P) per ha from either a  P-soluble (SP) or a slightly P-soluble fertilizer (Kodjari, a natural rock  phosphate (RP) indigenous to  Burkina Faso), and cowpea and crotalaria (Crotalaria retusa) green  manure crops, either unfertilized  or fertilized with 26 kg P/ha from RP; were studied for their effects  as preceding crop treatments for  maize. The experiment was conducted in semi-arid West Africa (SAWA) at  Farako-B\uffc3\uffa2 in Burkina  Faso in 1983\uffe2\uff80\uff9386. Nitrogen (N) and soluble P fertilized and unfertilized  subtreatments, applied to  maize the following year, allowed the effects of the preceding crop treatments  in improving soil  fertility and the direct effects of P and N fertilizers applied to the  maize crop to be assessed. Maize  productivity was increased both by P fertilization and by soil improvements  following cowpea and  crotalaria; N fertilization in excess of 60 kg N/ha was not beneficial.  Cowpea grain crop treatments,  especially when fertilized with a P-soluble source, maximized maize yields,  whereas cowpea and  crotalaria green manure treatments were either similar to the cowpea grain  treatment fertilized with  RP or were intermediate between the latter and the sorghum treatment fertilized  with SP. Sorghum,  regardless of the source of P-fertilizer used, appeared not to be a suitable  preceding crop for maize  in SAWA.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "N. Muleba", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698006182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859698006182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859698006182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859698006182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859612000299", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-12", "title": "Methane Reduction And Energy Partitioning In Goats Fed Two Concentrations Of Tannin From Mimosa Spp.", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Dietary manipulation is one promising approach to reducing methane (CH4) emissions from forage-fed ruminants. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding two concentrations of tannins from Mimosa spp. on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and energy partitioning in goats. Adult male goats were used in three trials where three diets with increasing concentrations of tannins (control, low-tannin and high-tannin) were fed in a switch-over design. The control diet consisted of 0\uffc2\uffb765 timothy hay, 0\uffc2\uffb720 crushed maize and 0\uffc2\uffb715 soybean meal; low- and high-tannin diets contained 0\uffc2\uffb7975 and 0\uffc2\uffb7950 of the control diet, respectively, mixed with 0\uffc2\uffb7025 and 0\uffc2\uffb7050 of a commercial compound containing tannins with mean crude protein (CP) of 147 g/kg dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) 19 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Total contents (DM basis) of tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) in the control, low- and high-tannin diets were 0, 2\uffc2\uffb78 and 5\uffc2\uffb76 g/kg DM, respectively. The tannin source contained 37 and 76 g/kg DM of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, respectively (DM basis). The DM (664 g/d) and GE intakes (19\uffc2\uffb70 MJ/d) were similar among diet groups. Digestibilities of all dietary components in the high-tannin diet were lower (P\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00\uffc2\uffb705) than low-tannin and control diets. The faecal energy (MJ/d) output was lowest in the control diet (3\uffc2\uffb749) and increased (P\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00\uffc2\uffb705) in tannin-fed goats (3\uffc2\uffb780; 4\uffc2\uffb787) resulting in a corresponding decrease in digestible energy (DE). Methane emission, expressed both on absolute and per unit of feed intake basis, decreased (P\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa00\uffc2\uffb705) with increasing concentration of tannins in the diet. For example, CH4 energy excretion was 0\uffc2\uffb798, 0\uffc2\uffb787 and 0\uffc2\uffb776 MJ/d for goats on control, low- and high-tannin diets, respectively, whereas their corresponding values for CH4 conversion ratio were 0\uffc2\uffb7079, 0\uffc2\uffb7069 and 0\uffc2\uffb7060 of GE intake. These results suggest that natural tannins, even at a low concentration (2\uffc2\uffb78 g/kg DM of the diet), reduce CH4 emissions, and tree leaves containing appreciable amounts of tannins may potentially be exploited as natural feed additives in ruminants.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000299"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859612000299", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859612000299", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859612000299"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s002185961500132x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-11", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under 10-Year Conservation Tillage On A Black Soil In Northeast China", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Biased assessment of tillage impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration are often associated with a lack of information on the initial level of SOC stocks. The present study reported the changes in SOC concentrations and stocks following 10-year different tillage practices relative to the initial SOC levels. The tillage trial included no tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and mouldboard plough (MP) on a Black soil (Hapludolls) in Northeast China. Results showed that tillage, soil depth and time significantly affected SOC concentration and SOC stock. Tillage and crop residue retention had great impacts on the SOC concentrations in the top 0\uffc2\uffb71 m layer. Compared with MP and NT, RT resulted in higher SOC concentration and SOC stock in the plough layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff930\uffc2\uffb72 m), which became more obvious with time. The soil under NT and RT had higher stratification ratios (SR) of SOC (SR, the ratio of SOC concentration in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930\uffc2\uffb705 m to that in 0\uffc2\uffb71\uffe2\uff80\uff930\uffc2\uffb72 m) than under MP. Significant positive and nearly identical linear relationships between the SR of SOC and the duration of tillage practices occurred for both NT and RT soils; the increased SR in NT resulted from both SOC increase in surface and SOC decrease in subsurface soils, but in RT, the increased SR was only from a substantial SOC increase in surface soil. Accordingly, the present study highlights that RT was more helpful than NT in carbon sequestration for the studied Black soil in Northeast China.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. X. Jia, X. P. Zhang, S. C. Wei, Y. Zhang, N. B. Mclaughlin, A. Z. Liang, S. X. Zhang, X. M. Yang, X. W. Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s002185961500132x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s002185961500132x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s002185961500132x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s002185961500132x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859618000084", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-28", "title": "Forecasting potential evapotranspiration by combining numerical weather predictions and visible and near-infrared satellite images: an application in southern Italy", "description": "Abstract<p>Irrigation according to reliable estimates of crop water requirements (CWR) is one of the key strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of irrigated agriculture. In southern Mediterranean regions, during the irrigation season, CWR is almost totally controlled by the potential evapotranspiration of the irrigated crop. An innovative system for forecasting crop potential evapotranspiration (ETp) has been implemented recently in the Campania region (southern Italy). The system produces ETp forecasts with a lead time of up to 5 days, by coupling the visible and near-infrared crop imagery with numerical weather prediction outputs of a limited area model. The forecasts are delivered to farmers with a simple and intuitive web app interface, which makes daily real-time ETp maps accessible from desktop computers, tablets and smartphones. Forecast performances were evaluated for maize fields of two farms in two irrigation seasons (2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015). The mean absolute bias of the forecasted ETp was &lt;0.3 mm/day and the RMSE was &lt;0.6 mm/day, both for lead times up to 5 days.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth observation", "Crop water requirements", "0207 environmental engineering", "forecasting", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "numerical weather predictions", "13. Climate action", "potential evapotranspiration", "11. Sustainability", "Genetics", "Animal Science and Zoology", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Crop water requirements; Earth observation; forecasting; numerical weather predictions; potential evapotranspiration; Animal Science and Zoology; Agronomy and Crop Science; Genetics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000084"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859618000084", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859618000084", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859618000084"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0266467405002464", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-27", "title": "Nutrient Cycling And Plant-Soil Feedbacks Along A Precipitation Gradient In Lowland Panama", "description": "<p>This study addresses patterns of nutrient dynamics on a precipitation gradient (1800\uffe2\uff80\uff933500 mm y\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in lowland tropical forest with heterogeneous soil parent material, high plant species diversity and large changes in species composition. Mean foliar concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium decreased with increasing precipitation, whereas foliar carbon:nitrogen increased with increasing precipitation. Mean foliar nitrogen:phosphorus varied from 16.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9323.8 suggesting that plant productivity at these sites is limited by phosphorus. Total soil nitrogen increased as a function of foliar litter lignin:nitrogen, whereas net nitrogen mineralization rates decreased with increasing lignin:N indicating that as litter quality decreases, more soil nitrogen is held in soil organic matter and the mineralization of that nitrogen is slower. Extractable phosphorus in soil was negatively correlated with foliar litter lignin:phosphorus, illustrating effects of litter quality on soil phosphorus availability. Overall, the results suggest that variation in plant community composition along this precipitation gradient is tightly coupled with soil nutrient cycling. Much of our understanding of effects of precipitation on nutrient cycling in tropical forest is based on precipitation gradients across montane forest in Hawaii, where species composition and soil parent material are constant. Our results suggest that variation in parent material or species composition may confound predictions developed in model island systems.</p><p>Resumen: Este estudio trata sobre los patrones de din\uffc3\uffa1mica de nutrientes en un gradiente de precipitaci\uffc3\uffb3n (1800\uffe2\uff80\uff933500 mm y\uffe2\uff88\uff921) en un bosque tropical de tierras bajas con material parental heterog\uffc3\uffa9neo, alta diversidad de especies de plantas, y un gran cambio en la composici\uffc3\uffb3n de especies. Las concentraciones promedio de f\uffc3\uffb3sforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio disminuyen con un aumento en la precipitaci\uffc3\uffb3n, mientras que la proporci\uffc3\uffb3n carbono:nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno aumenta con un aumento en la precipitaci\uffc3\uffb3n. La proporci\uffc3\uffb3n promedio de nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno foliar:f\uffc3\uffb3sforo var\uffc3\uffada de 16.4 a 23.8, lo cual sugiere que estos sitios tienen limitaciones de f\uffc3\uffb3sforo. El nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno total del suelo aumenta como una funci\uffc3\uffb3n de la proporci\uffc3\uffb3n de lignina foliar de la hojarasca:nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno, mientras que la tasa de mineralizaci\uffc3\uffb3n del nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno neto disminuye con un aumento de la proporci\uffc3\uffb3n de lignina:nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno, lo cual indica que mientras la calidad de la hojarasca disminuye, m\uffc3\uffa1s nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno del suelo es retenido en la materia org\uffc3\uffa1nica y la mineralizaci\uffc3\uffb3n de ese nitr\uffc3\uffb3geno es m\uffc3\uffa1s lenta. El f\uffc3\uffb3sforo extra\uffc3\uffadble est\uffc3\uffa1 correlacionado negativamente con la proporci\uffc3\uffb3n de lignina foliar de la hojarasca:f\uffc3\uffb3sforo, lo cual ilustra el efecto de la calidad de hojarasca en la disponibilidad de f\uffc3\uffb3sforo del suelo. En resumen, estos resultados sugieren que la variaci\uffc3\uffb3n en la composici\uffc3\uffb3n de plantas de una comunidad a lo largo de este gradiente de precipitaci\uffc3\uffb3n tiene un efecto considerable en la retroalimentaci\uffc3\uffb3n de los ciclos nutricionales del suelo. Gran parte de nuestros conocimientos sobre el efecto de los gradientes de lluvia en ciclos nutricionales del suelo han sido basados en estudios de gradientes de precipitaci\uffc3\uffb3n de bosques de monta\uffc3\uffb1a en Hawaii, en donde tanto la composici\uffc3\uffb3n de especies y el material parental del suelo son constantes. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la variaci\uffc3\uffb3n del material parental del suelo y la composici\uffc3\uffb3n de especies pueden confundir las predicciones desarrolladas en sistemas modelos de islas.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002464"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0266467405002464", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0266467405002464", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0266467405002464"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1357729800009966", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-02", "title": "Energy And Nitrogen Balance Of Lactating Dairy Cows Given Mixtures Of Urea-Treated Whole-Crop Wheat And Grass Silage", "description": "Abstract<p>Energy and nitrogen balances were carried out with four multi-porous Holstein/Friesian cows offered four diets in a Latin-square experiment to evaluate urea-treated whole-crop wheat as a partial grass silage replacement for lactating dairy cows. Grass silage (GS) was produced from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward. Spring wheat (cv. Axona) was harvested at 603 g dry matter (DM) per kg and preserved with 20 (WCW-20) or 40 (WCW-40)kg urea per t DM. The diets were 6 kg DM of a dairy concentrate daily with one of four forage treatments offered ad libitum. The forage treatments were GS alone, a 2:1 DM ratio of GS with WCW-40 (2:1 40), or a 1:2 DM ratio of GS with WCW-20 (1:2 20) or WCW-40 (1:2 40). Each period lasted 4 weeks with energy and nitrogen balances being carried out in respiration chambers over 6 days in the last week. Replacement of GS by diets containing WCW resulted in significant increases in DM intake (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701). Changes in milk yield and composition were small and non-significant but yields of milk fat and protein were higher on WCW diets than on GS diets (P&lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705). With increasing proportions of WCW in the diet there were significant linear falls in apparent digestibility of DM (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb7001), organic matter (F &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb7001), neutral-detergent fibre (F &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701), acid-detergent fibre (F &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701), starch (F &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb7001) and nitrogen (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701). Gross energy intakes (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701) and faecal (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb7001), methane (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) and milk (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) energy outputs were higher with the WCW diets than with GS but urine energy and heat losses were unaffected. In consequence there were no significant differences among the diets in digestible or metabolizable energy (ME) intakes. However dietary ME concentrations (MJ ME per kg corrected DM) fell with increasing WCW inclusion from 11\uffc2\uffb754 on GS to a mean of 9\uffc2\uffb796 on the 1:2 diets (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb7001). It was calculated that the ME concentration of the WCW was only 8\uffc2\uffb71 MJ/kg corrected DM at maintenance intake, considerably lower than values used conventionally. There were no significant diet effects on the partition of ME or on the partial efficiency of ME utilization for milk production (k1). The increasing inclusion of WCW increased N losses in urine (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) and faeces (F &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701) with no net effect on N digested or retained though there was a small increase in milk N output (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701). It is concluded that low digestibility is the major cause of the small milk response to the partial substitution of urea-treated WCW for grass silage with no evidence of a reduction in the efficiency of utilization of ME.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David E. Beever, David J. Humphries, J. D. Sutton, R. H. Phipps, S. B. Cammell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009966"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1357729800009966", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1357729800009966", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1357729800009966"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859615000027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-24", "title": "Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide And Ammonia From A Sandy Soil Following Surface Application And Incorporation Of Cauliflower Leaf Residues", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Vegetable production systems are often characterized by excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization and the incorporation of large amounts of post-harvest crop residues. This makes them particularly prone to ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Yet, urgently needed management strategies that can reduce these harmful emissions are missing, because underlying processes are not fully understood. The present study therefore focuses on the effects of residue placement on NH3 and N2O emissions. For this, cauliflower leaf residues (286 kg N/ha) were either applied as surface mulch (mulch) or mixed with the topsoil (mix) and in situ NH3 and N2O emissions were investigated. The experiment took place on a sandy soil in Northeastern Germany during summer 2012. Residue application created a high peak in N2O emissions during the first 2 weeks, irrespective of residue placement. There was no significant difference in the emission sums over the experimental period (65 days) between the mix (5\uffc2\uffb78 \uffc2\uffb1 0\uffc2\uffb768 kg N2O-N/ha) and the mulch (9\uffc2\uffb77 \uffc2\uffb1 1\uffc2\uffb753 kg N2O-N/ha) treatment. This was also the case for NH3 emissions, which exhibited a lower initial peak followed by a prolonged decline. Measured emission sums were 4\uffc2\uffb71 \uffc2\uffb1 0\uffc2\uffb733 (mix) and 5\uffc2\uffb71 \uffc2\uffb1 0\uffc2\uffb773 (mulch) kg NH3-N/ha. It was concluded that substantial NH3 and N2O emissions can occur after high input of available organic carbon and N even in a coarse-textured soil with low water-holding capacity. Other than expected, surface-application does not enhance NH3 emissions at the expense of N2O emissions compared with residue mixing into the soil, at least under the conditions of the present study.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Climate Change and Agriculture Research Papers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859615000027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859615000027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859615000027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859617000193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-27", "title": "Maize\u2013Common Bean Intercropping To Optimize Maize-Based Crop Production", "description": "SUMMARY<p>Maize (Zea maysL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) intercropping is a recent practice in north-western Ethiopia and there is limited information on its productivity. A field experiment was conducted at South Achefer and Mecha in north-western Ethiopia during the 2012 and 2013 crop growing seasons to determine combinations of intercrop planting arrangement (IPA) with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates for optimizing maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean intercrop productivity and profitability. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of two IPA (single row of common bean between maize rows and paired rows of common bean between paired rows of maize), two N rates (92 and 128 kg N/ha) and two P rates (20 and 40 kg P/ha). A sole crop maize with recommended fertilizer rate of 128/40 kg N/P/ha was used as a control treatment. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that land equivalent ratio was more than unity, and the intercrop system was 20% more productive relative to the sole crop. Maize equivalent yields were highest for most of the intercrop treatments relative to mono-crop maize with yield advantage of 14% from single row IPA with 128/20 kg N/P/ha. Single row IPA with 128/20 kg N/P/ha and paired row IPA with 92/20 kg N/P/ha increased financial returns by 16 and 8% relative to sole crop maize, respectively. Smallholder maize-based cropping of north-western Ethiopia could be nutritionally, agronomically and financially improved through maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93common bean intercropping of single row IPA with appropriate nutrient management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "genetics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "crops", "maize", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alemayehu, A., Tamado, T., Nigussie, D., Yigzaw, D., Kinde, T., Wortmann, Charles S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859617000193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859617000193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859617000193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859698005711", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Effects Of Preceding Maize (Zea Mays) And Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) In Sole Cropping And Intercropping On Growth, Yield And Nitrogen Requirement Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus)", "description": "<p>Field experiments were conducted on Alfisols in Nigeria between  1991 and 1993 to determine the  residual effect of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)  on the growth, pod yield and N  response of a succeeding okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) crop. Cowpea  and maize were grown alone  with 30 and 60 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively, or intercropped with  60 kg/ha as a basal dressing.  The preceding crops had a significant effect on soil nutrient changes,  okra growth and yield, and N  response of okra. Cowpea increased the N, P and K status of the soil in  both sole and mixed stands,  compared with sole maize. Leaf area, pod weight and marketable pod yield  of okra after sole cowpea  or the maize/cowpea intercrop were all significantly higher than after  sole maize. Although the  application of nitrogen to succeeding okra promoted growth and increased  pod yield, this was not  accompanied by an increase in the pod yield of okra after sole cowpea or  the maize/cowpea treatment  beyond 45 kg N/ha. The beneficial effects of the preceding maize/cowpea  intercrop on soil fertility,  okra pod yield and amounts of N required for okra were partly due to the  higher rate of basal  nutrients applied as compared to the effects following sole cowpea.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. O. Olasantan", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005711"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859698005711", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859698005711", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859698005711"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=6400&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=6400&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=6350", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=6450", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 29764, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:10:44.759323Z"}