{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1021/acs.est.7b01172", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-16", "title": "Nontarget Analysis Reveals a Bacterial Metabolite of Pyrene Implicated in the Genotoxicity of Contaminated Soil after Bioremediation", "description": "Bioremediation is an accepted technology for cleanup of soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but it can increase the genotoxicity of the soil despite removal of the regulated PAHs. Although polar biotransformation products have been implicated as causative genotoxic agents, no specific product has been identified. We pursued a nontarget analytical approach combining effect-directed analysis (EDA) and metabolite profiling to compare extracts of PAH-contaminated soil from a former manufactured-gas plant site before and after treatment in a laboratory-scale aerobic bioreactor. A compound with the composition C15H8O2 and four methylated homologues were shown to accumulate as a result of bioreactor treatment, and the C15H8O2 compound purified from soil extracts was determined to be genotoxic. Its structure was established by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy as a heretofore unidentified \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated lactone derived from dioxygenation of pyrene at an apical ring, 2H-naphtho[2,1,8-def]chromen-2-one (NCO), which was confirmed by synthesis. The concentration of NCO in the bioreactor was 11 \u03bcg g-1 dry soil, corresponding to 13% of the pyrene removed. It also accumulated in aerobically incubated soil from two additional PAH-contaminated sites and was formed from pyrene by two pyrene-degrading bacterial cultures known to be geographically widespread, underscoring its potential environmental significance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Pyrenes", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", "01 natural sciences", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.7b01172"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01172"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.7b01172", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.7b01172", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.7b01172"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0021859699007121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "The Effect Of Method Of Conservation Of Grass And Supplementation On Energy And Nitrogen Utilization By Lambs", "description": "

An experiment was carried out in 1994 to examine energy and nitrogen utilization of lambs offered two contrasting grass-based diets. The two forages, which were from the same parent herbage, were grass silage and grass which was conserved by freezing. They were offered as sole diets or supplemented with either 250 or 500 g concentrates per kg total dry matter intake (DMI) to give a total of six experimental treatments. Seventy-two Dutch Texel \uffc3\uff97 Greyface (Border Leicester \uffc3\uff97 Blackface) lambs, consisting of 36 males which were initially 36 (S.D. 4\uffc2\uffb79) kg liveweight and 36 females which were initially 34 (S.D. 2\uffc2\uffb75) kg liveweight were used. Ensiling significantly increased apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen (P<0\uffc2\uffb7001), but had no significant effect on methane energy loss as a proportion of gross energy intake, metabolizable energy intake (MEI), heat production, energy retained, efficiency of utilization of energy for growth (kg) or nitrogen retention. Supplementation of forage with concentrates resulted in a curvilinear decrease in heat production expressed as a proportion of MEI (P<0\uffc2\uffb705) and a linear increase in energy retention, expressed as an absolute value or as a proportion of MEI (P<0\uffc2\uffb705). Supplementation of forage tended to increase kg when calculated using Agricultural Research Council estimates of maintenance energy requirements, but had no significant effect when alternative estimates of maintenance were used. It is concluded that ensiling had no effect on efficiency of utilization of energy or nitrogen as measured by indirect calorimetry.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. W. J. Steen, D. E. Kirkpatrick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0021859699007121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0021859699007121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0021859699007121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-12", "title": "Response Of N Cycling To Nutrient Inputs In Forest Soils Across A 1000-3000 M Elevation Gradient In The Ecuadorian Andes", "description": "

Large areas in the tropics receive elevated atmospheric nutrient inputs. Presently, little is known on how nitrogen (N) cycling in tropical montane forest soils will respond to such increased nutrient inputs. We assessed how gross rates of mineral N production (N mineralization and nitrification) and microbial N retention (NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization and dissimilatory NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 reduction to NH4+ [DNRA]) change with elevated N and phosphorus (P) inputs in montane forest soils at 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 3000\uffe2\uff80\uff90m elevations in south Ecuador. At each elevation, four replicate plots (20 \uffc3\uff97 20 m each) of control, N (added at 50 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), P (added at 10 kg P\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and combined N + P additions have been established since 2008. We measured gross N cycling rates in 2010 and 2011, using 15N pool dilution techniques with in situ incubation of intact soil cores taken from the top 5 cm of soil. In control plots, gross soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling rates decreased with increase in elevation, and microbial N retention was tightly coupled with mineral N production. At 1000 m and 2000 m, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N and combined N + P additions increased gross mineral N production but decreased NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization and DNRA compared to the control. At 3000 m, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N and combined N + P additions increased gross N mineralization rates and decreased DNRA compared to the control; although NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization in the N and N + P plots were not different from the control, these were lower than their respective mineral N production. At all elevations, decreased microbial N retention was accompanied by decreased microbial biomass C and C:N ratio. P addition did not affect any of the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes. Our results signified that four years of N addition, at a rate expected to occur at these sites, uncoupled the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes, as indicated by decreased microbial N retention. This fast response of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes across elevations implies that greater attention should be paid to the biological implications on montane forests of such uncoupled soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Altitude", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; gross N mineralization; gross nitrification; microbial N immobilization;nitrogen and phosphorus additions; nutrient manipulation experiment; tropical Andes ;tropical montane forests", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecuador", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0295.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/14-0295.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0043174500032902", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-28", "title": "Range Forage Production And Consumption Following Aerial Spraying Of Mixed Brush", "description": "

Production of native grasses following aerial application of 1.12 kg/ha of 2.4.5-T ((2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid), 2,4,5-T + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), or 2,4,5-T + picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) (1:) to a south Texas mixed-brush (Prosopis-Acacia) community was significantly increased by all herbicide treatments the year of application, by the herbicide combinations during the second year, but only by 2,4,5-T + picloram the third year after treatment. Moisture-use efficiency based on kg/ha native grass produced/cm precipitation was greastest where the herbicide combinations were applied. Defoliation of woody plants in years of above-average rainfall resulted in favorable grass production responses regardless of herbicide(s). However, range improvement over the 3-yr of study was dependent on maintenance of herbicide effectiveness, especially control of underbrush which resulted only where 2,4,5-T + picloram were applied. Consumption of native grass was a direct function of availability in response to brush control as augmented by rainfall. Forb production was reduced by all herbicides the year of treatment and by 2,4,5-T + picloram the year following application, but was not reduced by any treatment during the third growing season.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G.P. Durham, J.L. Mutz, C.J. Scifres,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500032902"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0043174500032902", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0043174500032902", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0043174500032902"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s026646740000537x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-10", "title": "Comparative Effects Of Acacia-Albida And Kigelia-Africana Trees On Soil Characteristics In Zambezi Riverine Woodlands", "description": "ABSTRACT

Soil nutrient concentrations under Acacia albida and Kigelia africana trees growing in Zambezi riverine woodlands were compared with soils in the open, beyond tree canopies. Concentrations of N, C, P and K were higher under tree canopies. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were unchanged. Soils were slightly more acid under A. albida trees relative to open soil, but were less acid under K. africana. Soil P concentration was higher under K. africana than under A. albida. Otherwise, the two species had similar effects on soil fertility. Despite previous claims, A. albida is probably no more efficient at increasing soil fertility than other savanna trees.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kevin M. Dunham", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000537x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s026646740000537x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s026646740000537x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s026646740000537x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0266467401001638", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-14", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enhance Growth And Luxury Consumption Of Four Secondary Forest Tree Species In Borneo", "description": "

Four common fallow tree species were tested for a response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Seedlings or cuttings of Melicope glabra (Rutaceae), Macaranga gigantea (Euphorbiaceae), Persea romosa (Laureaceae), Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae) were grown in pots of a 50:50 mix of native soil and sand under 18% full sun for 18 weeks. Every 2 weeks, plants received either added N, added P, added N+P, or no added nutrients (control). Persea, a shade-tolerant species, and Macaranga, a light-demanding pioneer, improved relative growth rate with the addition of both N and P. Neither responded to N or P alone. Peronema and Melicope demonstrated luxury consumption of both N and P but did not show enhanced growth. Two of the four species tested (Persea and Melicope) were more limited by P than N. Macaranga was equally limited by both and Peronema was more limited by N. Along with previous studies, evidence for positive growth response and luxury consumption among light-demanding species suggests that P, rather than N, should limit seedling performance and may ultimately influence tree diversity in young secondary tropical forests.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Deborah Lawrence", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001638"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0266467401001638", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0266467401001638", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0266467401001638"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-13", "title": "Heterodyne detection of phase-conjugate emission in an Ar discharge with a low-power c.w. laser", "description": "We report the observation of nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Ar gas discharges at 867 nm (transition 1s3-2p7) using a low power c.w. laser. The weak phase-conjugate emission has been observed by means of a heterodyne detection technique at 30 MHz. This experimental scheme should be able to yield ultimate shot-noise limited signals, and thus could be used as a sensitive tool for phase-conjugation studies.", "keywords": ["optical phase conjugation", "heterodyne detection", "nearly degenerate four wave mixing", "demodulation", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "[PHYS.HIST] Physics [physics]/Physics archives", "Ar gas discharges", "argon", "867 nm", "low power CW laser", "shot noise limited signals", "0103 physical sciences", "30 MHz", "discharges electric", "weak phase conjugate emission", "optical pumping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20de%20Physique%20Lettres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/jphyslet:0198100420203100"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0043174500063682", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-25", "title": "Forage And Livestock Production Following Oak (Quercus Spp) Control With Tebuthiuron", "description": "

Aerial applications of 20% tebuthiuron JA/-[5-(1,1- dimethylethyl) - 1, 3, 4 - thiadiazol-2 -yl] -N, N' dimethylurea pellets at 2.2 or 4.4 kg/ha in the spring to heavy brush cover in Texas Post Oak Savannah did not increase the amount of grass, compared to that of untreated pastures, until the growing season after application. By the second growing season after tebuthiuron application, however, native grass stands were composed of a higher proportion of perennial species of good-to-excellent grazing value than were stands on adjacent, untreated rangeland. Tebuthiuron at 4.4 kg/ha did not improve botanical composition of grass stands, but increased the amount of grass during the second and third growing season after application compared to those where 2.2 kg/ha were applied. Daily steer gains were increased in one experiment in the fall after application of 2.2 kg/ha of tebuthiuron in the spring, but were unchanged after two growing seasons in another. Days of available grazing were increased, however, by the second or third growing season after treatment with 2.2 kg/ha of the herbicide in both experiments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C.J. Scifres, Jerry W. Stuth, Raymond F. Angell, Donald R. Kirby,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500063682"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0043174500063682", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0043174500063682", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0043174500063682"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1981-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0266467400007409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-10", "title": "Ecosystem Dynamics Of Disturbed And Undisturbed Sites In North Queensland Wet Tropical Rain-Forest .1. Floristic Composition, Climate And Soil Chemistry", "description": "ABSTRACT

This paper introduces studies of nutrient cycling in disturbed and undisturbed rain forest plots in the upper catchment of Birthday Creek, near Paluma, North Queensland. The catchment is underlain by granite and has soils of comparatively low fertility. Differences between unlogged plots and plots disturbed 25 years previously by selective logging are still apparent. Disturbed plots have soils with higher bulk densities and pH, lower CEC, kjeldahl nitrogen and available phosphorus concentrations, and changed species composition. The data suggest that recovery from selective logging is dependent on soil fertility and intensity of disturbance.

", "keywords": ["disturbance", "0106 biological sciences", "Australia", "selective logging", "15. Life on land", "tropical rain forest", "01 natural sciences", "FoR 0601 (Biochemistry and Cell Biology)", "north Queensland", "soil compaction", "soil nutrients", "FoR 0602 (Ecology)", "climate", "floristics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0266467400007409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0266467400007409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0266467400007409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s026646740800549x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-07", "title": "Nitrogen Availability Is Not Affected By Frequent Fire In A South African Savanna", "description": "Abstract:

There is a perception that sustained frequent fires cause nitrogen limitation over the long term (50\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 y) by volatilizing the nitrogen in soil, plant biomass and litter. Here we test this perception in a South African savanna located in the Kruger National Park. At our study site we compare the effects of 50 y of fire exclusion, season (August and February) and frequency (triennial and annual August and triennial February) of burn on nitrogen cycling and availability. We do this using three different methods to determine nitrogen mineralization; in situ incubations, laboratory incubations and ion-exchange resin bags. On each treatment we established two parallel transects 100 m apart with 10 sampling points per treatment along these transects. Daily mineralization rates for in situ incubations were determined monthly from August 2004 to June 2005 at each of the sampling points. Ion-exchange resin bags were buried (5 cm) at the same points and left in the field from August 2004 to August 2005. In February 2005 five randomly located soil samples from each of the four treatments were collected for laboratory incubations using a 7-cm-diameter soil auger. Regardless of method used our results show that there are no significant differences in daily nitrogen mineralization rates after 50 y of different burning treatments from annual burning to fire exclusion. In fact, both in situ and laboratory incubations show that nitrogen availability is higher on the annual burn than the fire exclusion (0.16 \uffce\uffbcg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil d\uffe2\uff88\uff921vs. 0.11 \uffce\uffbcg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil d\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 0.46 \uffce\uffbcg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil d\uffe2\uff88\uff921vs. 0.30 \uffce\uffbcg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil d\uffe2\uff88\uff921respectively). Perceived negative effects of fire on ecosystem functioning has curbed the use of fire as a management tool with fire often actively suppressed in savanna. The results of our study show that fire can be used more vigorously in mesic African savanna to manipulate tree:grass ratios without negatively affecting the nitrogen cycle.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s026646740800549x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s026646740800549x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s026646740800549x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s026646740800549x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/ocl/2013027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-02", "title": "The Importance Of Land Use Change In The Environmental Balance Of Biofuels", "description": "The potential of first generation biofuels to mitigate climate change is still largely debated in the scientific and policy-making arenas. It is currently assessed through life cycle assessment (LCA), a method for accounting for the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a given product from \u201ccradle-to-grave\u201d, which is widely used to aid decision making on environmental issues. Although LCA is standardized, its application to biofuels leads to inconclusive results often fraught by a high variability and uncertainty. This is due to differences in quantifying the environmental impacts of feedstock production, and the difficulties encountered when considering land use changes (LUC) effects. The occurrence of LUC mechanisms is in part the consequence of policies supporting the use of biofuels in the transport sector, which implicitly increases the competition between various possible uses of land worldwide. Here, we review the methodologies recently put forward to include LUC effects in LCAs, and examples from the US, Europe and France. These cross analysis show that LCA needs to be adapted and combined to other tools such as economic modeling in order to provide a more reliable assessment of the biofuels chains.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Oils", " fats", " and waxes", "330", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "lan use change", "biofuels", "12. Responsible consumption", "Sustainability", "life cycle assessment", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "sustainability;life cycle assessment;biofuels;lan use change;uncertainty", "TP670-699", "uncertainty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ben Aoun, Wassim, Gabrielle, Benoit, Gagnepain, Bruno,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2013027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/OCL", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/ocl/2013027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/ocl/2013027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/ocl/2013027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0266467407004439", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-29", "title": "Indicators Of Forest Ecosystem Productivity And Nutrient Status Across Precipitation And Temperature Gradients In Hawaii", "description": "

Precipitation and temperature are known to have important effects on forest productivity, but these effects may be strongly mediated through their influence on soil and leaf nutrients. We measured indicators of forest productivity and soil and leaf nutrients across independent gradients of precipitation and elevation/temperature in lower montane Hawaiian forests dominated by a single overstorey species, Acacia koa, situated on 1500\uffe2\uff80\uff933000-y-old soils that were mixtures of volcanic ash and basalt. Stand basal area was highest at the wettest site, 2000 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP), and leaf N and P were lowest at the driest site, 1000 mm MAP. Soil N availability and leaf N concentration declined across an 850-m elevation gradient, but this was not correlated with stand basal area or soil organic matter content. Across all stands, basal area was negatively correlated with the exchangeable soil P fraction. As well, the soil C:N ratio was negatively correlated with both soil P availability and the size of the primary mineral P fraction. Soil P availability and weathering appear to be important determinants of soil organic matter quantity and quality. Overall, precipitation is the major driving force for forest productivity, but P weathering and availability play important roles in limiting productivity in wetter sites and in controlling soil organic matter dynamics in these N-fixing forests.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004439"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0266467407004439", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0266467407004439", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0266467407004439"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0373463321000217", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Examining drivers\u2019 socio-demographic variables and perceptions towards sanction mechanisms on speeding behaviour on highways: targeting appropriate prevention", "description": "Abstract

Investigating the underlying predictors of speeding behaviour deserves the full attention of research. This study aims to examine the effects of demographic variables on the perceived deterrent mechanisms and to predict speeding behaviour to target appropriate prevention programmes. In this study, 212 randomly selected drivers having a valid car driving licence participated in an online survey. The results revealed that demographic variables influenced drivers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 perceptions towards social and legal sanctions as well as material loss. The model revealed that two sanction-related constructs, that is, legal sanction (b = \uffe2\uff88\uff920\uffe2\uff8b\uff85227, P = 0\uffe2\uff8b\uff85007) and material loss (b = \uffe2\uff88\uff920\uffe2\uff8b\uff85218, P = 0\uffe2\uff8b\uff85005), as well as lax perception towards traffic accident (b = \uffe2\uff88\uff920\uffe2\uff8b\uff85176, P = 0\uffe2\uff8b\uff85025), were the significant predictors of speeding behaviour. These findings suggested that prevention programmes should prioritise young and single drivers. The most effective targeted prevention programmes are highlighted accordingly based on the study results.Andean grasslands (p\uffc3\uffa1ramos) are highly valued for their role in regional water supply as well as for their biodiversity and large soil carbon stocks. Several Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes promote either afforestation or alteration of traditional burning regimes under the assumption that these land management strategies will maximize p\uffc3\uffa1ramo ecosystem services, including carbon storage. However, knowledge of the effects of incentivized land uses is limited. In an evaluation of how afforestation and elimination of burning affect carbon storage at a site in southern Ecuador, we found the highest above-ground biomass carbon levels at afforested sites (99.3\uffe2\uff80\uff93122.0 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), while grassland sites reached 23.9 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921after 45 years of burn exclusion. Soil carbon storage from 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm was high across all sites (172.8\uffe2\uff80\uff93201.9 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), but was significantly lower with afforestation than with burn exclusion. These findings suggest that, although afforestation is generally favoured when carbon is the primary ecosystem service of interest, grasslands with infrequent burning have important potential as a land management strategy when both above-ground biomass and soil carbon are considered. These results are relevant to the development and adaptation of PES programmes focused on carbon as well as those focused on multiple ecosystem services.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Life on Land", "carbon", "conservation", "Andes", "paramo", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "grassland", "payment for ecosystem services", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5n93t3t5/qt5n93t3t5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000199"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0376892916000199", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0376892916000199", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0376892916000199"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0889189300008432", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-30", "title": "Integrative Biological Indicators For Detecting Change In Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract

To promote agricultural sustainability, there is a growing interest in developing soil quality indicators that can be used as early indicators of changes in management practices by growers, agricultural professionals, and researchers. A study was conducted on four commercial growers' fields and two research stations in western Oregon with treatments that had been started from 1 to 7 years prior to initiating the investigation. The primary comparison at each site was a winter cover crop and winter fallow in rotation with summer vegetable crops. The effects of these treatments on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), mineralizable N, soil enzyme activity (arylsulfatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase), and cotton strip decomposition were analyzed to monitor changes in soil quality over a 2-year period. The cotton strip method was tested because of its simplicity (buried in soil for short periods and then assessed for tensile strength or weight loss) and potential as a soil biological indicator. Results showed that cover cropping significantly affected MBCand soil enzyme activity. Mineralizable N and CO2respiration (laboratory incubation) did not respond to winter cover crop treatment. Cotton strip decomposition was relatively insensitive to field treatments. Because MBCand \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase activity responded quickly to field management treatment and were less variable than the other measurements, they showed the most potential as soil quality indicators. Total C (organic matter index) and extractable nutrients were not significantly affected by cover cropping (even after 7 years), indicating selected biological properties are superior to these chemical properties for detecting effects of soil management.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel M. McGrath, J. M. Sandeno, E.L. Ndiaye, Richard P. Dick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008432"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Alternative%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0889189300008432", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0889189300008432", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0889189300008432"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1005747123463", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "We examined the effects of growth carbon dioxide (CO2)concentration and soil nutrient availability on nitrogen (N)transformations and N trace gas fluxes in California grasslandmicrocosms during early-season wet-up, a time when rates of Ntransformation and N trace gas flux are high. After plant senescenceand summer drought, we simulated the first fall rains and examined Ncycling. Growth at elevated CO2 increased root productionand root carbon:nitrogen ratio. Under nutrient enrichment, elevatedCO2 increased microbial N immobilization during wet-up,leading to a 43% reduction in gross nitrification anda 55% reduction in NO emission from soil. ElevatedCO2 increased microbial N immobilization at ambientnutrients, but did not alter nitrification or NO emission. ElevatedCO2 did not alter soil emission of N2O ateither nutrient level. Addition of NPK fertilizer (1:1:1) stimulatedN mineralization and nitrification, leading to increased N2Oand NO emission from soil. The results of our study support a mechanisticmodel in which elevated CO2 alters soil N cycling and NOemission: increased root production and increased C:N ratio in elevatedCO2 stimulate N immobilization, thereby decreasingnitrification and associated NO emission when nutrients are abundant.This model is consistent with our basic understanding of how C availabilityinfluences soil N cycling and thus may apply to many terrestrial ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005747123463"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1005747123463", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1005747123463", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1005747123463"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0376892910000184", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-26", "title": "Soil Carbon May Be Maintained Under Grazing In A St Lawrence Estuary Tidal Marsh", "description": "SUMMARY

Production of belowground organic matter is critical to sustainability of salt marshes. It plays a role in vertical soil accretion, a process essential for salt marshes to maintain their relative elevation and persist as sea levels rise. This paper examines belowground production and soil carbon of a high-latitude saltmarsh in the St Lawrence Estuary (Qu\uffc3\uffa9bec, Canada), which had been subjected to six years of sheep grazing. In the seventh year, without sheep, organic matter production in grazed and ungrazed sections was assessed by examining harvests of plant litter, end-of-season standing crop, and the roots and rhizomes present in in-growth cores. Excepting salinity, porewater chemistry varied little. The grazed marsh had higher soil carbon density and belowground production, yet lower aboveground biomass. Grazing reduces plant litter and increases solar exposure, soil temperature (at this latitude, soil remained frozen until April) and evapotranspiration, thus raising soil salinity and nitrogen demand, the latter a driver of root production. Grazing may not be detrimental to soil carbon storage. Permitting certain types of grazing on restored salt marshes previously drained for agriculture would provide economic incentive to restore tidal flooding, because the natural carbon sink provided in the recovered marsh would make these lands eligible for carbon payments.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000184"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0376892910000184", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0376892910000184", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0376892910000184"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0889189300004884", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-30", "title": "Comparison Of Alternative Farming Systems. Iii. Soil Aggregate Stability", "description": "Abstract

Quantitative studies are needed to separate the real and supposed benefits of alternative farming practices. Our objective was to learn how conventional and alternative practices on adjacent farms in central Iowa affected the water stability of soil aggregates. We collected samples of Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) from adjacent 16 ha fields in fall 1990 and spring 1991. Aggregate stability was determined by wet-sieving and by measuring turbidity of soil-water suspensions. The combined effects of alternative practices resulted in greater water stability of soil aggregates, higher soil organic matter content, and lower bulk density compared with conventional practices. The components of the alternative system that were mainly responsible for these differences were: rotations that included oat and hay crops; ridge-tillage; and additions of 45 Mg/ha of a mixture of animal manure and municipal sludge during the first 3 years of each 5 year rotation. The more favorable soil physical conditions, shown by increased water stability of soil aggregates, presumably will improve soil water regimes and reduce long-term soil erosion losses from the alternatively managed fields.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J.L. Jordahl, Douglas L. Karlen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004884"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Alternative%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0889189300004884", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0889189300004884", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0889189300004884"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41586-024-07607-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-06-26", "title": "Zinc mediates control of nitrogen fixation via transcription factor filamentation", "description": "Abstract

Plants adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions by adjusting their metabolism and gene expression to maintain fitness1. In legumes, nitrogen homeostasis is maintained by balancing nitrogen acquired from soil resources with nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria in root nodules2\uffe2\uff80\uff938. Here we show that zinc, an essential plant micronutrient, acts as an intracellular second messenger that connects environmental changes to transcription factor control of metabolic activity in root nodules. We identify a transcriptional regulator, FIXATION UNDER NITRATE (FUN), which acts as a sensor, with zinc controlling the transition between an inactive filamentous megastructure and an active transcriptional regulator. Lower zinc concentrations in the nodule, which we show occur in response to higher levels of soil nitrate, dissociates the filament and activates FUN. FUN then directly targets multiple pathways to initiate breakdown of the nodule. The zinc-dependent filamentation mechanism thus establishes a concentration readout to adapt nodule function to the environmental nitrogen conditions. In a wider perspective, these results have implications for understanding the roles of metal ions in integration of environmental signals with plant development and optimizing delivery of fixed nitrogen in legume crops.According to the OT error-driven ranking model of language acquisition, the learner performs a sequence of slight re-rankings triggered by mistakes on the incoming stream of data, until it converges to a ranking that makes no more mistakes. Two classical examples are Tesar & Smolensky's (1998) Error-Driven Constraint Demotion (EDCD) and Boersma's (1998) Gradual Learning Algorithm (GLA). Yet EDCD only performs constraint demotion, and is thus shown to predict a ranking dynamics which is too simple from a modelling perspective. The GLA performs constraint promotion too, but has been shown not to converge. This paper develops a complete theory of convergence of error-driven ranking algorithms that perform both constraint demotion and promotion. In particular, it shows that convergent constraint promotion can be achieved (with an error-bound that compares well to that of EDCD) through a proper calibration of the amount by which constraints are promoted.A study was carried out to examine the effects of ensiling and pattern of silage fermentation on nitrogen and energy utilization, rumen fermentation and rumen degradation characteristics of forage by lactating dairy cows. Six nonfistulated dairy cows and three rumen fistulated dairy cows were offered fresh grass (G) or grass silage produced from the same sward which had undergone either an extensive (E) or restricted (R) fermentation. Animals offered extensively fermented silage had liigher urinary nitrogen (N) outputs (expressed as a proportion of N intake) than those offered fresh grass (P < 0\uffc2\uffb705). Corresponding values for animals offered restricted fermented silage were intermediate between those offered grass and extensively fermented silage. Animals offered fresh grass and restricted fermented silage also had higher methane energy losses (P < 0\uffc2\uffb705), than those offered extensively fermented silage. The ensiling of grass had little effect on metabolizable energy (ME) intake or on the efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation (k1). Animals offered extensively fermented silage had higher proportions of propionate and lower proportions of acetate than those offered fresh grass or restricted fermented silage (P < 0\uffc2\uffb7001). Ensiling resulted in an increase in the soluble (a) fraction and a reduction in the potentially degradable (b) fraction of N.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Cushnahan, C. S. Mayne, E. F. Unsworth,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800013229"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1357729800013229", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1357729800013229", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1357729800013229"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170509990068", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-29", "title": "Use Of An Integrative Soil Health Test For Evaluation Of Soil Management Impacts", "description": "Abstract

Understanding the response of soil quality indicators to changes in management practices is essential for sustainable land management. Soil quality indicators were measured for 2 years under established experiments with varying management histories and durations at four locations in New York State. The Willsboro (clay loam) and Aurora (silt loam) experiments were established in 1992, comparing no-till (NT) to plow-till (PT) management under corn (Zea maysL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine maxL.) rotation. The Chazy (silt loam) trial was established in 1973 as a factorial experiment comparing NT versus PT and the crop harvesting method (corn silage versus corn grain). The Geneva (silt loam) experiment was established in 2003 with vegetable rotations with and without intervening soil building crops, each under three tillage methods (NT, PT and zone-till (ZT)) and three cover cropping systems (none, rye and vetch). Physical indicators measured were wet aggregate stability (WAS), available water capacity (AWC) and surface hardness (SH) and subsurface hardness (SSH). Soil biological indicators included organic matter (OM), active carbon (AC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) and root disease potential (RDP). Chemical indicators included pH, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn. Results from the Willsboro and Aurora sites showed significant tillage effects for several indicators including WAS, AWC, OM, AC, pH, P, K, Mg, Fe and Mn. Generally, the NT treatment had better indicator values than the PT treatments. At the Chazy site, WAS, AWC, OM, AC, pH, K and Mg showed significant differences for tillage and/or harvest method, also with NT showing better indicator values compared to PT and corn grain better than corn silage. Aggregate stability was on average 2.5 times higher in NT compared to PT treatments at Willsboro, Aurora and Chazy sites. OM was also 1.2, 1.1 and 1.5 times higher in NT compared to PT treatments at Willsboro, Aurora and Chazy sites, respectively. At the Geneva site WAS, SH, AC, PMN, pH, P, K and Zn showed significant tillage effects. The cover crop effect was only significant for SH and PMN measurements. Indicators that gave consistent performance across locations included WAS, OM and AC, while PMN and RDP were site and management dependent. The composite soil health index (CSHI) significantly differentiated between contrasting management practices. The CSHI for the Willsboro site was 71% for NT and 59% for PT, while at the Aurora site it was 61% for NT and 48% for PT after 15 years of tillage treatments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509990068"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170509990068", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170509990068", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170509990068"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s174217051100041x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-19", "title": "Organic Zero-Till In The Northern Us Great Plains Region: Opportunities And Obstacles", "description": "Abstract

The use of killed cover crop mulch for weed suppression, soil erosion prevention and many other soil and crop benefits has been demonstrated in organic no-till or zero-till farming systems in eastern US regions and in Canada. Implements have been developed to make this system possible by terminating cover crops mechanically with little, if any, soil disturbance. Ongoing research in the US northern Great Plains is being conducted to identify cover crop species and termination methods for use in organic zero-till (OZ) systems that are adapted to the crop rotations and climate of this semi-arid region. Current termination strategies must be improved so that cover crop species are killed consistently and early enough in the growing season so that subsequent cash crops can be grown and harvested successfully. Delaying termination until advanced growth stages improves killing efficacy of cover crops and may provide weed-suppressive mulch for the remainder of the growing season, allowing no-till spring seeding of cash crops during the next growing season. Excessive water use by cover crops, inability of legume cover crops to supply adequate amounts of N for subsequent cash crops and failure of cover crops to suppress perennial weeds are additional obstacles that must be overcome before the use of killed cover crop mulch can be promoted as a weed control alternative to tillage in the US northern Great Plains. Use of vegetative mulch produced by killed cover crops will not be a panacea for the weed control challenges faced by organic growers, but rather one tool along with crop rotation, novel grazing strategies, the judicious use of high-residue cultivation equipment, such as the blade plow, and the use of approved herbicides with systemic activity in some instances, to provide organic farmers with new opportunities to incorporate OZ practices into their cropping systems. Emerging crop rotation designs for organic no-till systems may provide for more efficient use of nutrient and water resources, opportunities for livestock grazing before, during or after cash crop phases and improved integrated weed management strategies on organic farms.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s174217051100041x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s174217051100041x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s174217051100041x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s174217051100041x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1431927617000319", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-21", "title": "The Application of Contrast Media for In Vivo Feature Enhancement in X-Ray Computed Tomography of Soil-Grown Plant Roots", "description": "Abstract

The use of in vivo X-ray microcomputed tomography (\uffce\uffbcCT) to study plant root systems has become routine, but is often hampered by poor contrast between roots, soil, soil water, and soil organic matter. In clinical radiology, imaging of poorly contrasting regions is frequently aided by the use of radio-opaque contrast media. In this study, we present evidence for the utility of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in the study of plant root systems using \uffce\uffbcCT. Different dilutions of an ionic and nonionic ICM (Gastrografin 370 and Niopam 300) were perfused into the aerial vasculature of juvenile pea plants via a leaf flap (Pisum sativum). The root systems were imaged via \uffce\uffbcCT, and a variety of image-processing approaches used to quantify and compare the magnitude of the contrast enhancement between different regions. Though the treatment did not appear to significantly aid extraction of full root system architectures from the surrounding soil, it did allow the xylem and phloem units of seminal roots and the vascular morphology within rhizobial nodules to be clearly visualized. The nonionic, low-osmolality contrast agent Niopam appeared to be well tolerated by the plant, whereas Gastrografin showed evidence of toxicity. In summary, the use of iodine-based contrast media allows usually poorly contrasting root structures to be visualized nondestructively using X-ray \uffce\uffbcCT. In particular, the vascular structures of roots and rhizobial nodules can be clearly visualized in situ.Organic agriculture aims to build soil quality and provide long-term benefits to people and the environment; however, organic practices may reduce crop yields. This long-term study near Mead, NE was conducted to determine differences in soil fertility and crop yields among conventional and organic cropping systems between 1996 and 2007. The conventional system (CR) consisted of corn (Zea maysL.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean, whereas the diversified conventional system (DIR) consisted of corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93winter wheat (wheat,Triticum aestivumL.). The animal manure-based organic system (OAM) consisted of soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat, while the forage-based organic system (OFG) consisted of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93alfalfa\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat. Averaged across sampling years, soil organic matter content (OMC), P, pH, Ca, K, Mg and Zn in the top 15 cm of soil were greatest in the OAM system. However, by 2008 OMC was not different between the two organic systems despite almost two times greater carbon inputs in the OAM system. Corn, sorghum and soybean average annual yields were greatest in either of the two conventional systems (7.65, 6.36 and 2.60 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively), whereas wheat yields were greatest in the OAM system (3.07 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Relative to the mean of the conventional systems, corn yields were reduced by 13 and 33% in the OAM and OFG systems, respectively. Similarly, sorghum yields in the OAM and OFG systems were reduced by 16 and 27%, respectively. Soybean yields were 20% greater in the conventional systems compared with the OAM system. However, wheat yields were 10% greater in the OAM system compared with the conventional DIR system and 23% greater than yield in the OFG system. Alfalfa in the OFG system yielded an average of 7.41 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921annually. Competitive yields of organic wheat and alfalfa along with the soil fertility benefits associated with animal manure and perennial forage suggest that aspects of the two organic systems be combined to maximize the productivity and sustainability of organic cropping systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic matter content", "Organic farming", "Animal manure", "Soil phosphorus", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Plant Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Horticulture", "15. Life on land", "Perennial forage", "Nutrient budgets", "630", "6. Clean water", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Long-term crop rotations", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wortman, Samuel E., Galusha, Tomie D., Mason, Stephen C., Francis, Charles A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s174217051300029x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-19", "title": "Agroecosystem Resilience And Farmers' Perceptions Of Climate Change Impacts On Cocoa Farms In Alto Beni, Bolivia", "description": "Abstract

Cocoa-based small-scale agriculture is the most important source of income for most farming families in the region of Alto Beni in the sub-humid foothills of the Andes. Cocoa is grown in cultivation systems of varying ecological complexity. The plantations are highly susceptible to climate change impacts. Local cocoa producers mention heat waves, droughts, floods and plant diseases as the main impacts affecting plants and working conditions, and they associate these impacts with global climate change. From a sustainable regional development point of view, cocoa farms need to become more resilient in order to cope with the climate change related effects that are putting cocoa-based livelihoods at risk. This study assesses agroecosystem resilience under three different cocoa cultivation systems (successional agroforestry, simple agroforestry and common practice monocultures). In a first step, farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 perceptions of climate change impacts were assessed and eight indicators of agroecological resilience were derived in a transdisciplinary process (focus groups and workshop) based on farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and scientists\uffe2\uff80\uff99 knowledge. These indicators (soil organic matter, depth of Ah horizon, soil bulk density, tree species diversity, crop varieties diversity, ant species diversity, cocoa yields and infestation of cocoa trees with Moniliophthora perniciosa) were then surveyed on 15 cocoa farms and compared for the three different cultivation systems. Parts of the socio-economic aspects of resilience were covered by evaluating the role of cocoa cooperatives and organic certification in transitioning to more resilient cocoa farms (interviews with 15 cocoa farmers combined with five expert interviews). Agroecosystem resilience was higher under the two agroforestry systems than under common practice monoculture, especially under successional agroforestry. Both agroforestry systems achieved higher cocoa yields than common practice monoculture due to agroforestry farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 enhanced knowledge regarding cocoa cultivation. Knowledge sharing was promoted by local organizations facilitating organic certification. These organizations were thus found to enhance the social process of farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 integration into cooperatives and their reorientation toward organic principles and diversified agroforestry.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bolivia", "13. Climate action", "Environmental aspects", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop husbandry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "330 Economics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/49818/1/download.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s174217051300029x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s174217051300029x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s174217051300029x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s174217051300029x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170516000466", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-10", "title": "Cover Crop-Based Reduced Tillage System Influences Carabidae (Coleoptera) Activity, Diversity And Trophic Group During Transition To Organic Production", "description": "Abstract

Organic grain growers rely on cultural practices and biological control to regulate pests, and the implementation and timing of cultural practices can affect many characteristics of the cropping system as a habitat for natural enemies of arthropod pests. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in particular are important insect and weed-seed predators, and are sensitive to crop rotations, tillage and environmental complexity. In a reduced tillage system in transition to organic management, we evaluated the effect of cover crop species and termination date, crop rotation and high residue cultivation on ground and tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) activity-density, community composition and size and trophic groups. The 3-year experiment included a sequence of corn (Zea maysL.), soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). A mixture of hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) and triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack) preceded corn, and cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) preceded soybean, and each crop sequence was present in each year (full-entry). We compared three cover crop termination (and cash crop planting) dates by terminating the overwintered cover crops with a roller-crimper, and immediately or soon after, we no-till planted corn and soybean through the mat created by the rolled cover crops. In the corn and soybean phases of the rotation, we also compared inter-row cultivation as a pest management strategy to a control treatment (no inter-row cultivation in corn, and an alternative row-spacing in soybean). Wheat was planted on a single date in each year into tilled soil. Carabids were sampled using pitfall traps 2 weeks after termination of the two cover crop treatments, and in mid-June in wheat. Carabid activity-density and species richness increased across the experimental site during the 3-year transition, and community evenness across the experimental site increased by the third year. Crop species influenced carabid community composition, and by the third year, the carabid community was comparable between wheat and hairy vetch-triticale cover crop. The late cover crop termination date was positively associated with higher activity-densities of large carabids in rolled hairy vetch-triticale and rolled cereal rye; carnivorous beetles in rolled hairy vetch-triticale; and granivorous beetles in rolled cereal rye. Inter-row cultivation occurring in corn and soybean resulted in a significantly higher proportion of small beetles in the wheat phase of the rotation, with a significantly higher proportion of large beetles in wheat treatments, which had not received inter-row cultivation in corn and soybean. Results have strong implications for management during the transition to organic, including the importance of plant residue, reduced tillage and timing of cover crop termination dates for augmenting carabid populations.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000466"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170516000466", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170516000466", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170516000466"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1751731108001791", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-15", "title": "Effect Of The Tropical Tannin-Rich Shrub Legumes Calliandra Calothyrsus And Flemingia Macrophylla On Methane Emission And Nitrogen And Energy Balance In Growing Lambs", "description": "Open AccessISSN:1751-7311", "keywords": ["Brachiaria; methane; ruminants; tannins; Vigna", "ruminants", "tannins", "methane", "Vigna", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Brachiaria", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SF1-1100", "Animal culture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Wettstein, H.-R, Mayer, A. C., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731108001791"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1751731108001791", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1751731108001791", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1751731108001791"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s2040470017000541", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-01", "title": "Water and nutrient management: the Austria case study of the FATIMA H2020 project", "description": "The project \u201cFArming Tools for external nutrient Inputs and water Management\u201d (FATIMA, H2020-SFS2) is developing satellite-based methodologies and information to support effective and efficient water and nitrogen input recommendations in agricultural production. This paper focuses on nitrogen recommendation for winter cereals in Austria and presents preliminary findings from the 2015/16 crop growing season. The Nitrogen Nutrition Index was applied using an empirical relationship to derive dry mass from Leaf Area Index (LAI) and %N\u2090 from a chlorophyll index. Results showed a very high correlation between LAI and above ground dry mass (R\u00b2=0.95) but a lower correlation between the chlorophyll index and %N\u2090 (R\u00b2=0.24). Despite various indices tested, the relationship to estimate %N\u2090 remains weak. Additional field data and research are needed to further study this aspect.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vuolo, F., Essl, L., Zappa, L., Sand\u00e9n, T., Spiegel, H.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017000541"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Advances%20in%20Animal%20Biosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s2040470017000541", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s2040470017000541", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s2040470017000541"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11906168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:31:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-02", "title": "High resolution descriptors for UAV mapping in biodiversity conservation \u2013 A case study of sandy steppe habitat renewal", "description": "

Due to the large-scale disappearance of grasslands there is an urgent need for revitalization. It calls for consistent and accessible monitoring and mapping plans, and an integrated management approach. However, revitalization efforts often focus solely on the vegetation component, and skip the link to other animal species that perform vital functions as ecosystem engineers and umbrella species. In this study, we combine an in-situ standard phytocoenological survey with an UAV-based technology in the effort to improve the monitoring and mapping of the sandy steppe habitat of the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus; EGS), undergoing revitalization in the northern Serbia. It is a model organism of an animal species that enables identifying habitat quality and quantity indicators to understand the broader implications of the ecosystem revitalization efforts on the wildlife populations. The proposed approach tested whether the commercially available RGB sensor and a relatively high flight height of the UAV have discriminative capacity to aid site managers by mapping identified steppe development stages (specific plant assemblages, reflecting different habitat types). Thus, a novel set of high-resolution image descriptors that are capable of discriminating plant mixtures corresponding to Fallow land, Forest steppe and shrubs, Young steppe I and II, was proposed. Despite high resolution imaging, the method solves a challenging problem of UAV vegetation mapping in the case of limited spectral and spatial information in the image (by using only RGB camera and multitemporal approach). Although the lack of visual information that would allow identification of individual plant parts and shapes prevented the use of usual object-based image analysis, proposed pixel-based descriptors and feature selection were able to provide the extent of the targeted areas and their compositional carriers. Presented holistic approach enables implementation of effective management strategies that support the entire ecological community.This study evaluated the most significant physical, chemical and biological soil properties from a group of organic olive farms located in a typical olive-growing area of Andalusia, Spain, after 5 or more years since the shift from conventional to organic farming, and compared soils with those in nearby undisturbed (U) natural areas. Two soil management systems implemented in these organic olive farms to control weeds, tillage (T), characterized by non-inverting-shallow tillage in spring, and mechanical mowing (M), were compared and evaluated against the U areas. Organic olive orchards showed similar productivity (average fruit yield of 3130\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as the conventional, rain-fed olive groves in the same area, with no significant differences due to soil management systems. Soil properties in the olive orchards (i.e. texture, pH, organic carbon (C), organic nitrogen (N), C:N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable potassium) were in the suitable range for olive farming in both soil managements, although organic C and N, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water-holding capacity (AWC) of the soil were lower than in the U areas. A principal component analysis (PCA) for soil properties in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) distinguished the T from M olive orchards and U areas, and determined organic C and N as the most significant soil properties to characterize them. Average values of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for the surface layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) were 18.6, 59.3 and 67.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, for T and M soil management systems and U areas, respectively. This indicates that the sustainability of organic olive orchards could be significantly improved by shifting to M soil management to decrease soil erosion and depletion of SOC.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000361"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170512000361", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170512000361", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170512000361"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170515000113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-20", "title": "Winter Legume Cover-Crop Root Decomposition And N Release Dynamics Under Disking And Roller-Crimping Termination Approaches", "description": "Abstract

Several approaches can be used to terminate legume cover crops in the spring prior to planting summer crops, but the effect that these methods have on decomposition and nitrogen (N) release dynamics of legume cover-crop roots is poorly understood. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify decomposition and N release of roots from pea (Pisum sativum), clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth); (ii) determine if roots decompose and release N faster when cover crops are terminated by disking compared with roller-crimping; and (iii) determine if roots decompose and release N faster under higher soil inorganic N levels. Two field experiments were conducted in Goldsboro and Kinston, North Carolina in the summer of 2012. Cover crops at these sites were terminated in spring by disking or roller-crimping and planted to unirrigated corn. Air-dried roots placed in litterbags were buried in their corresponding cover-crop plots and in plots where cover crops had not been grown that had either synthetic N fertilizer added at burial or had no fertilizer addition. Root litterbags were collected over 16 weeks at both sites. Cover-crop plots terminated by disking had up to 117 and 49% higher soil inorganic N than roller-crimped plots in Goldsboro and Kinston, respectively. However, roots did not appear to contribute significantly to these increases, as measured root decomposition and N release was not affected by termination approach at either site. Roots decomposed rapidly at both sites, losing up to 65% of their original biomass within 4 weeks after burial. Root N release was also rapid at both sites, with vetch generally releasing N fastest and clover slowest. It was estimated that cover-crop roots supplied 47\uffe2\uff80\uff9362 and 19\uffe2\uff80\uff9333 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during the corn cycle in Goldsboro and Kinston, respectively. Our results indicate that under the warm, humid summer conditions of the Southeastern USA, legume cover-crop roots decompose and release N rapidly.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170515000113", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170515000113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170515000113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170517000795", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-29", "title": "Weeds, Nitrogen And Yield: Measuring The Effectiveness Of An Organic Cover Cropped Vegetable No-Till System", "description": "Abstract

Organic vegetable growers rely heavily on mechanical methods such as tillage and other forms of labor-intensive soil cultivation for weed management despite the negative effects to soil health associated with intensive soil disturbance. The use of cover crops and no-till (NT) vegetable production represents an alternative approach to weed control that can enhance rather than degrade soil health; however, there are challenges inherent with this practice and previous results in vegetable production have been mixed. Field experiments were conducted over 2 yr at the Clemson Student Organic Farm to examine the effects of tillage [NT versus conventional tillage (CT)] on weed development and management in organic tomato and summer squash production under different nitrogen (N) fertility regimes, and to assess soil N dynamics in both systems. Squash yields were similar between tillage treatments in both years. NT tomato yields were 43% greater than CT yields in 2014, whereas CT tomato yields were 46% greater than NT yields in 2015. Squash and tomato yields per unit of management labor (time) were significantly greater in NT compared with CT treatments for both years. There were no statistical differences in squash and tomato yields between N fertilization treatments in either year. Pre- and post-season soil N results were mixed. Pre-season soil N levels were significantly higher in NT tomato plots in 2014 but similar between tillage treatments in tomato plots in 2015 and in squash plots both years. Post-season soil N levels in tomato plots were similar between tillage treatments both years. Post-season soil N levels were significantly higher in NT squash plots in 2014 and in CT squash plots in 2015. Roller-crimped NT mulches provided adequate early-season weed suppression in both years and saved considerable weed management and seedbed preparation labor. Overall, the results demonstrated that organic NT is a viable method for reduced tillage summer vegetable production in the southeastern Piedmont region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William C. Bridges, Dara Park, Robin W. Kloot, Geoff Zehnder, David Robb,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000795"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170517000795", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170517000795", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170517000795"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1752756200019505", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-06", "title": "The Effect Of Absence Of Protozoa On Methane Emissions By Lambs", "description": "

Livestock are one of the largest single sources of methane emission, equivalent to 15-20 % of total anthropogenic methane. Selective suppression of the rumen protozoa has been suggested to be promising approach to reduce methane release (Moss et al., 2000) as up to 25 % of the methanogens in the rumen are associated with protozoa (Newbold et al., 1995). However, contradictory results have been reported between in vitro and in vivo data and short and long term defaunation experiments (Ranilla et al., 2003). This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the absence of protozoa in the rumen on enteric methane production by lambs.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D.R. Yanez-Ruiz, K.J. Hart, A. Belanche, A.I. Martin-Garcia, C.J. Newbold,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019505"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20British%20Society%20of%20Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1752756200019505", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1752756200019505", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1752756200019505"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009838401699", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:22Z", "created": "2011-05-18", "title": "Mechanisms Of Crop Management Impact On Methane Emissions From Rice Fields In Los Banos, Philippines", "description": "This article comprises 4 yr of field experiments on methane (CH4) emissions from rice fields conducted at Los Banos, Philippines. The experimental layout allowed automated measurements of CH4 emissions as affected by water regime, soil amendments (mineral and organic), and cultivars. In addition to emission records over 24 h, ebullition and dissolved CH4 in soil solution were recorded in weekly intervals. Emission rates varied in a very wide range from 5 to 634 kg CH4 ha-1, depending on season and crop management. In the 1994 and 1996 experiments, field drying at midtillering reduced CH4 emissions by 15-80% as compared with continuous flooding, without a significant effect on grain yield. The net impact of midtillering drainage was diminished when (i) rainfall was strong during the drainage period and (ii) emissions were suppressed by very low levels of organic substrate in the soil. Five cultivars were tested in the 1995 dry and wet season. The cultivar IR72 gave higher CH4 emissions than the other cultivars including the new plant type (IR65597) with an enhanced yield potential. Incorporation of rice straw into the soil resulted in an early peak of CH4 emission rates. About 66% of the total seasonal emission from rice straw-treated plots was emitted during the vegetative stage. Methane fluxes generated from the application of straw were 34 times higher than those generated with the use of urea. Application of green manure (Sesbania rostrata) gave only threefold increase in emission as compared with urea-treated plots. Application of ammonium sulfate significantly reduced seasonal emission as compared with urea application. Correlation between emissions and combined dissolved CH4 concentrations (from 0 to 20 cm) gave a significant R2 of 0.95 (urea + rice straw), and 0.93 (urea + Sesbania) whereas correlation with dissolved CH4 in the inorganically fertilized soils was inconsistent. A highly significant correlation (R-1 =0.93) existed between emission and ebullition from plots treated with rice straw. These findings may stimulate further development of diagnostic tools for easy and reliable determination of CH4 emission potentials under different crop management practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. Bueno, N. N. Nocon, R. S. Lantin, L. V. Buendia, A.M. Javellana, A. Umali, L. A. Lubigan, Heinz-Ulrich Neue, Reiner Wassmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009838401699"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009838401699", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009838401699", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009838401699"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/wsc.2017.33", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-01", "title": "Weed Abundance And Community Composition Following A Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment", "description": "

Weed management is a major constraint in organic cropping systems. In 2004, the Cornell Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment was established in central New York state using a split-plot randomized complete block design with two crop rotation entry points (split-plot factor). Four organic vegetable cropping systems that varied in cropping intensity and tillage (main plot factor) were compared: (1) intensive, (2) intermediate, (3) bio-extensive, and (4) ridge tillage. The basic crop rotation was cabbage, lettuce, potato, and winter squash, with additional short-season crops in the intensive system and with cover crops and fallow substituted for cabbage and potato in the bio-extensive system. In 2014, two uniformity trials were conducted in which oat and then a mixture of sorghum-sudangrass plus Japanese millet were grown uniformly over the entire experiment. Prior to sowing oat, soil samples were collected from each plot and an emergence bioassay was conducted to assess the soil weed seedbank. Crop biomass, weed density, and weed biomass were sampled in the uniformity crops. Soil weed seedbank density was three to four times greater in the intensive, intermediate, and ridge-tillage systems than in the bio-extensive system. The bio-extensive system also had lower weed density and weed biomass in the oat uniformity trial compared with the other three systems. Oat biomass did not differ between the cropping systems. Weed density and biomass in oat were also affected by the crop rotation entry point. Cropping system legacy effects on weed abundance and community composition were greater in the oat than in the sorghum-sudangrass plus Japanese millet uniformity trial. Our results illustrate the effects of different organic vegetable production practices on weed community structure and highlight the value of tilled fallow periods, cover crops, and prevention of weed seed rain for reducing weed populations.

", "keywords": ["seedbank", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "emergence bioassay", "uniformity trial", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "bio-extensive", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "tillage", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "cover crops", "legacy effects"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.33"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/wsc.2017.33", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/wsc.2017.33", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/wsc.2017.33"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/wsc.2018.4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Assessment Of Management Options On Striga Infestation And Maize Grain Yield In Kenya", "description": "Abstract

The parasitic purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica(Del.) Benth.] is a serious constraint to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in poor soils. VariousStrigaspp. control measures have been developed, but these have not been assessed in an integrated system. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of promising technologies forS. hermonthicamanagement in western Kenya. We evaluated three maize genotypes either intercropped with peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], or silverleaf desmodium [Desmodium uncinatum(Jacq.) DC] or as a sole crop at two locations under artificialS. hermonthicainfestation and at three locations under naturalS. hermonthicainfestation between 2011 and 2013. Combined ANOVA showed significant (P<0.05) cropping system and cropping system by environment interactions for most traits measured. Grain yield was highest for maize grown in soybean rotation (3,672 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) under artificial infestation and inD. uncinatumand peanut cropping systems (3,203 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 3,193 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) under natural infestation. Grain yield was highest for theStrigaspp.-resistant hybrid under both methods of infestation. A lower number of emergedS. hermonthicaplants per square meter were recorded at 10 and 12 wk after planting on maize grown underD. uncinatumin the artificialS. hermonthicainfestation. A combination of herbicide-resistant maize varieties intercropped with legumes was a more effective method forS. hermonthicacontrol than individual-component technologies. Herbicide-resistant andStrigaspp.-resistant maize integrated with legumes would help reduce theStrigaspp. seedbank in the soil. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt an integrated approach to controlStrigaspp. for better maize yields.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "striga infestation", "legumes", "Infestation", "Plant Science", "Striga", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes", "peanuts", "Biology", "Sowing", "Sorghum", "Taxonomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop Diversity", "Life Sciences", "cropping systems", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Strigolactone Signaling in Plant Interactions", "15. Life on land", "yield", "Agronomy", "soybeans", "Striga hermonthica", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "varieities", "intercropping", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/wsc.2018.4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/wsc.2018.4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/wsc.2018.4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04345", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-22", "title": "Rapid Single Particle Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe-Mass Spectrometry for Multimodal Analysis of Microplastics", "description": "Despite mass spectrometry (MS) being proven powerful for the characterization of synthetic polymers, its potential for the analysis of single particle microplastics (MPs) is yet to be fully disclosed. To date, MPs are regarded as ubiquitous contaminants, but the limited availability of techniques that enable full characterizations of MPs results in a lack of systematic data regarding their occurrence. In this study, an atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP) coupled to a compact quadrupole MS is proposed for the chemical analysis of single particle microplastics, while maintaining full compatibility with complementary staining and image analysis approaches. A two-stage ASAP probe temperature program was optimized for the removal of additives and surface contaminants followed by the actual polymer characterization. The method showed specific mass spectra for a wide range of single particle MPs, including polyolefins, polyaromatics, polyacrylates, (bio)polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, and polyacrylonitriles. The single particle size detection limits for polystyrene MPs were found to be 30 and 5 \u03bcm in full scan and selected ion recording mode, respectively. Moreover, results are presented of a multimodal microplastic analysis approach in which filtered particles are first characterized by staining and fluorescence microscopy, followed by simple probe picking of individual particles for subsequent analysis by ASAP-MS. The method provides a full characterization of MP contamination, including particle number, particle size, particle shape, and chemical identity. The applicability of the developed multimodal method was successfully demonstrated by the analysis of MPs in bioplastic bottled water.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Life Science", "Plastics", "01 natural sciences", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Mass Spectrometry", "Environmental Monitoring", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04345"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04345"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04345", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04345", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04345"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-25", "title": "EchoGrid: High-Throughput Acoustic Trapping for Enrichment of Environmental Microplastics", "description": "The health hazards of micro- and nanoplastic contaminants in drinking water has recently emerged as an area of concern to policy makers and industry. Plastic contaminants range in size from micro- (5 mm to 1 \u03bcm) to nanoplastics (<1 \u03bcm). Microfluidics provides many tools for particle manipulation at the microscale, particularly in diagnostics and biomedicine, but has in general a limited capacity to process large volumes. Drinking water and environmental samples with low-level contamination of microplastics require processing of deciliter to liter sample volumes to achieve statistically relevant particle counts. Here, we introduce the EchoGrid, an acoustofluidics device for high throughput continuous flow particle enrichment into a robust array of particle clusters. The EchoGrid takes advantage of highly efficient particle capture through the integration of a micropatterned transducer for surface displacement-based acoustic trapping in a glass and polymer microchannel. Silica seed particles were used as anchor particles to improve capture performance at low particle concentrations and high flow rates. The device was able to maintain the silica grids at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. In terms of enrichment, the device is able to double the final pellet's microplastic concentration every 78 s for 23 \u03bcm particles and every 51 s for 10 \u03bcm particles at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. In conclusion, we demonstrate the usefulness of the EchoGrid by capturing microplastics in challenging conditions, such as large sample volumes with low microparticle concentrations, without sacrificing the potential of integration with downstream analysis for environmental monitoring.", "keywords": ["Nanoteknik", "Environmental Biotechnology", "Naturvetenskap", "Nano Technology", "Milj\u00f6bioteknik", "Natural Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "Furanolysis with Menthofuran: A New Depolymerization Method for Analyzing Condensed Tannins", "description": "An improved analytical depolymerization method for characterizing condensed tannins was developed with menthofuran (3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran) as the nucleophilic trapping reagent. Herein, menthofuran was compared with routinely used nucleophiles, phloroglucinol and 2-mercaptoethanol. At 30 \u00b0C and in the presence of 0.1 M HCl, menthofuran displayed the outstanding ability to enable the fast and full depolymerization of procyanidin B2 using only a 1:1 molar ratio of both reactants. Under the same conditions, phloroglucinol and 2-mercaptoethanol led to a reaction equilibrium with significantly lower conversion yields. Application to commercial tannin extracts showed that a menthofuran-to-extract weight ratio of 1 gave the same yields of procyanidin constitutive units as 10-fold higher molecular equivalent phloroglucinol and 100-fold 2-mercaptoethanol. Finally, guidelines for implementing the menthofuran depolymerization method are proposed to assess the tannin content and composition of extracts as well as of plant materials without prior extraction.", "keywords": ["[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry", "m\u00e9thode analytique", "Ing\u00e9nierie des aliments", "Menthofuran", "Analytical method", "01 natural sciences", "Catechin", "Chemistry Techniques", " Analytical", "Polymerization", "[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry", "Food engineering", "Biflavonoids", "Condensed tannins", "Proanthocyanidins", "tanin", "Plant Extracts", "UHPLC-DAD-MS", "540", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "furane", "Furylated flavonoids", "Monoterpenes", "flavono\u00efde", "Furan derivatives", "d\u00e9polym\u00e9risation", "Tannins", "Depolymerization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497"}, {"href": "https://hal.science/hal-02295527/file/Billerach_postprint_2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Understanding the Upgrading of Sewage Sludge-Derived Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude via Advanced Characterization", "description": "Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can thermochemically transform sewage sludge into a biocrude with high energy content, high chemical complexity, and high O and N content. The development of an efficient upgrading process for such complex feedstocks necessitates detailed knowledge of the molecular composition and the specific heteroatom-containing compounds to understand and optimize the hydrotreating reactions. In this study, we present the upgrading of sewage sludge-derived HTL biocrude via a two-stage hydrotreatment process and perform advanced chemical characterization of the feedstock, intermediate, and final upgraded products with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). We show that hydrotreatment significantly improves the quality of the oil, primarily succeeding in cracking the heavy molecules and removing the sulfur- and oxygen-containing components. FTICR-MS analysis shows that the HTL biocrude has a high concentration of fatty acid amides that readily lose their oxygen and nitrogen during hydrotreating and are converted into saturated hydrocarbons, whereas the aromatic OxNy compounds are converted into N1 and N2 classes, which are more resistant to hydrotreating. We also demonstrate that the upgraded HTL oil can be successfully blended with intermediate refinery streams, such as vacuum gas oil (VGO), for further co-processing to in-spec fuels in conventional processes. This provides an alternative route to introduce renewable carbon in existing fossil-based refineries.", "keywords": ["02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20%26amp%3B%20Fuels", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01051", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-14", "title": "Effects of Microplastic Fibers and Drought on Plant Communities", "description": "Microplastics in soils can affect plant performance, as shown in studies using individual plants. However, we currently have no information about potential effects on plant community productivity and structure. In a plant community consisting of seven plant species that co-occur in temperate grassland ecosystems, we thus investigated the effect of microplastics (i.e., microfibers) and drought, a factor with which microfibers might interact, on plant productivity and community structure. Our results showed that at the community level, shoot and root mass decreased with drought but increased with microfibers, an effect likely linked to reduced soil bulk density, improved aeration, and better penetration of roots in the soil. Additionally, we observed that microfibers affected plant community structure. Species such as Calamagrostis, invasive in Europe, and the allelophatic Hieracium, became more dominant with microfibers, while species that potentially have the ability to facilitate the establishment of other plant species (e.g., Holcus), decreased in biomass. As microfibers affect plant species dominance, the examination of cascade effects on ecosystem functions should be a high priority for future research.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Microplastics", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Europe", "Soil", "Biomass", "Plastics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c01051"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c01051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c04641", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-14", "title": "Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach", "description": "ABSTRACT

With an increasing interest in the effects of microplastic in the soil environment, there is a need to thoroughly evaluate potential adverse effects of these particles as a function of their characteristics (size, shape, and composition). In addition, extractable chemical additives from microplastic have been identified as an important toxicity pathway in the aquatic environment. However, we currently know little about effects of such additives in the soil environment. In this study on nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), we adopted an ecotoxicological approach to assess the potential effects of thirteen different microplastics with different characteristics and extractable additives. We found that toxic effects appear to increase in the order of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film < polypropylene (PP) fragments < high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fragments \uffe2\uff89\uff88 polystyrene (PS) fragments < polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments \uffe2\uff89\uff88 polyacrylicnitrile (PAN) fibers. Acute toxicity was mainly attributed to the extractable additives: when the additives were extracted, the toxic effects of each microplastic disappeared in the acute soil toxicity test. The harmful effects of LDPE film and PAN fibers increased when the microplastics were maintained in soil for a long-term period with frequent wet-dry cycles. We here provide clear evidence that microplastic toxicity in the soil is highly related to particle characteristics and extractable additives. Our results suggest that future experiments consider extractable additives as a key explanatory variable.

Abstract art/Table of conten", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nematoda", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "Animals", "15. Life on land", "Ecotoxicology", "Plastics", "01 natural sciences", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c04641"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04641"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c04641", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c04641", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c04641"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acsami.9b03062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-06", "title": "Core\u2013Shell NaHoF 4 @TiO 2 NPs: A Labeling Method to Trace Engineered Nanomaterials of Ubiquitous Elements in the Environment", "description": "Understanding the fate and behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) in the natural environment is important to assess their potential risk. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) allows for the detection of NPs at extremely low concentrations, but the high natural background of the constituents of many of the most widely utilized nanoscale materials makes accurate quantification of engineered particles challenging. Chemical doping, with a less naturally abundant element, is one approach to address this; however, certain materials with high natural abundance, such as TiO2 NPs, are notoriously difficult to label and differentiate from natural NPs. Using the low abundance rare earth element Ho as a marker, Ho-bearing core -TiO2 shell (NaHoF4@TiO2) NPs were designed to enable the quantification of engineered TiO2 NPs in real environmental samples. The NaHoF4@TiO2 NPs were synthesized on a large scale (gram), at relatively low temperatures, using a sacrificial Al(OH)3 template that confines the hydrolysis of TiF4 within the space surrounding the NaHoF4 NPs. The resulting NPs consist of a 60 nm NaHoF4 core and a 5 nm anatase TiO2 shell, as determined by TEM, STEM-EDX mapping, and spICP-MS. The NPs exhibit excellent detectability by spICP-MS at extremely low concentrations (down to 1 \u00d7 10-3 ng/L) even in complex natural environments with high Ti background.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "General Materials Science", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsami.9b03062"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ACS%20Applied%20Materials%20%26amp%3B%20Interfaces", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acsami.9b03062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acsami.9b03062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acsami.9b03062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01565", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-15", "title": "Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Gene Levels in Soil after Irrigation with Treated Wastewater: A Comparison between Heterogeneous Photocatalysis and Chlorination", "description": "Wastewater (WW) reuse is expected to be increasingly indispensable in future water management to mitigate water scarcity. However, this increases the risk of antibiotic resistance (AR) dissemination via irrigation. Herein, a conventional (chlorination) and an advanced oxidation process (heterogeneous photocatalysis (HPC)) were used to disinfect urban WW to the same target of Escherichia coli <10 CFU/100 mL and used to irrigate lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) set up in four groups, each receiving one of four water types, secondary WW (positive control), fresh water (negative control), chlorinated WW, and HPC WW. Four genes were monitored in water and soil, 16S rRNA as an indicator of total bacterial load, intI1 as a gene commonly associated with anthropogenic activity and AR, and two AR genes blaOXA-10 and qnrS. Irrigation with secondary WW resulted in higher dry soil levels of intI1 (from 1.4 \u00d7 104 copies/g before irrigation to 3.3 \u00d7 105 copies/g after). HPC-treated wastewater showed higher copy numbers of intI1 in the irrigated soil than chlorination, but the opposite was true for blaOXA-10. The results indicate that the current treatment is insufficient to prevent dissemination of AR markers and that HPC does not offer a clear advantage over chlorination.", "keywords": ["Agricultural Irrigation", "Halogenation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "02 engineering and technology", "Wastewater", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "antibiotic resistance; wastewater reuse; photocatalysis; wastewater irrigation", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unisa.it/bitstream/11386/4749040/1/es-2020-01565f.R1_Proof_hi.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c01565"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01565"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01565", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c01565", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c01565"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c05203", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-08", "title": "Mercury Reduction by Nanoparticulate Vivianite", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0013-936X", "keywords": ["abiotic Hg II reduction", "Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified", "Physiology", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Hg 0", "Hg II", "PO", "01 natural sciences", "Phosphates", "Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified", "Ferrous Compounds", "Hg II reducers", "Molecular Biology", "ferrous iron phosphate mineral vivi.", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Pharmacology", "Fe II content", "Ecology", "Nanoparticulate Vivianite Mercury", "Cell Biology", "Mercury", "6. Clean water", "Fe II 3", "13. Climate action", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c05203"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05203"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c05203", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c05203", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c05203"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c07781", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-18", "title": "The Global Plastic Toxicity Debt", "keywords": ["570", "Toxicity", "Additives", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "02 engineering and technology", "Plastics", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental pollution", "Impurities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c07781"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07781"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c07781", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c07781", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c07781"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.1c00612", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-28", "title": "Hidden Resistome: Enrichment Reveals the Presence of Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Treated Wastewater-Irrigated Soils", "description": "Treated-wastewater (TW) irrigation transfers antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) to soil, but persistence of these bacteria is generally low due to resilience of the soil microbiome. Nonetheless, wastewater-derived bacteria and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may persist below detection levels and potentially proliferate under copiotrophic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we exposed soils from microcosm, lysimeter, and field experiments to short-term enrichment in copiotroph-stimulating media. In microcosms, enrichment stimulated growth of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli up to 2 weeks after falling below detection limits. Lysimeter and orchard soils irrigated in-tandem with either freshwater or TW were subjected to culture-based, qPCR and shotgun metagenomic analyses prior, and subsequent, to enrichment. Although native TW- and freshwater-irrigated soil microbiomes and resistomes were similar to each other, enrichment resulted in higher abundances of cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and in substantial differences in the composition of microbial communities and ARGs. Enrichment stimulated ARG-harboring Bacillaceae in the freshwater-irrigated soils, whereas in TWW-irrigated soils, ARG-harboring \u03b3-proteobacterial families Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were more profuse. We demonstrate that TW-derived ARB and associated ARGs can persist at below detection levels in irrigated soils and believe that similar short-term enrichment strategies can be applied for environmental antimicrobial risk assessment in the future.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Wastewater", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Humans", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c00612"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00612"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.1c00612", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.1c00612", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.1c00612"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41396-022-01277-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Novel form of collective movement by soil bacteria", "description": "Abstract

Although migrations are essential for soil microorganisms to exploit scarce and heterogeneously distributed resources, bacterial mobility in soil remains poorly studied due to experimental limitations. In this study, time-lapse images collected using live microscopy techniques captured collective and coordinated groups of B. subtilis cells exhibiting \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccrowd movement\uffe2\uff80\uff9d. Groups of B. subtilis cells moved through transparent soil (nafion polymer with particle size resembling sand) toward plant roots and re-arranged dynamically around root tips in the form of elongating and retracting \uffe2\uff80\uff9cflocks\uffe2\uff80\uff9d resembling collective behaviour usually associated with higher organisms (e.g., bird flocks or fish schools). Genetic analysis reveals B. subtilis flocks are likely driven by the diffusion of extracellular signalling molecules (e.g., chemotaxis, quorum sensing) and may be impacted by the physical obstacles and hydrodynamics encountered in the soil like environment. Our findings advance understanding of bacterial migration through soil matrices and expand known behaviours for coordinated bacterial movement.