The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)\uffe2\uff80\uff90levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO2increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO2on woody biomass production of three poplar species (Populus albaL. clone 2AS\uffe2\uff80\uff9011,Populus nigraL. clone Jean Pourtet andPopulus\uffc3\uff97euramericanaclone I\uffe2\uff80\uff90214). Trees were growing in a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density coppice plantation during the second rotation (i.e., regrowth after coppice; 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932004; POPFACE/EUROFACE). Six plots were studied, half of which were continuously fumigated with CO2(FACE; free air carbon dioxide enrichment of 550\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm). Half of each plot was fertilized to study the interaction between CO2and nutrient fertilization. At the end of the second rotation, selective above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground harvests were performed to estimate the productivity of this bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy plantation. Fertilization did not affect growth of the poplar trees, which was likely because of the high rates of fertilization during the previous agricultural land use. In contrast, elevated CO2enhanced biomass production by up to 29%, and this stimulation did not differ between above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground parts. The increased initial stump size resulting from elevated CO2during the first rotation (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932001) could not solely explain the observed final biomass increase. The larger leaf area index after canopy closure and the absence of any major photosynthetic acclimation after 6 years of fumigation caused the sustained CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced biomass increase after coppice. These results suggest that, under future CO2concentrations, managed poplar coppice systems may exhibit higher potential for C sequestration and, thus, help mitigate climate change when used as a source of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90neutral energy.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "atmospheric co2", "elevated co2", "n-fertilization", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "growth", "enrichment face", "hybrid poplar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "pinus-taeda", "poplar plantation", "Bio-energy; Biomass distribution; EUROFACE; FACE; Fertilization; Leaf area index; Photosynthesis; Populus; Short rotation coppice; Woody biomass", "13. Climate action", "no3 availability", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "water-stress", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Balance In A Clonal Eucalyptus Plantation In Congo: Effects Of Logging On Carbon Inputs And Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "AbstractSoil CO2 efflux was measured in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut and intact plots in order to quantify the impact of harvest on soil respiration in an intensively managed Eucalyptus plantation, and to evaluate the increase in heterotrophic component of soil respiration because of the decomposition of harvest residues. Soil CO2 effluxes showed a pronounced seasonal trend, which was well related to the pattern of precipitation and soil water content and were always significantly lower in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots than in the intact plots. On an annual basis, soil respiration represented 1.57 and 0.91\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots, respectively. During the first year following harvest, residues have lost 0.79\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Our estimate of heterotrophic respiration was calculated assuming that it was similar to soil respiration in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut area except that the decomposition of residues did not occur, and it was further corrected for differences in soil water content between intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots and for the cessation of leaf and fine root turnover in clear cut. Heterotrophic respiration in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots was estimated at 1.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereas it was only 0.65\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact plots (41% of soil respiration). Assumptions and uncertainties with these calculations are discussed.
", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "F60 - Physiologie et biochimie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "FOREST MANAGEMENT", "01 natural sciences", "EUCALYPTUS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2159", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "CLEAR-CUT", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2847", "abattage d'arbres", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBON BUDGET", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "LITTERFALL", "d\u00e9gradation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8500", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/260550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:27:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-02", "title": "Mineral element recycling in topsoil following permafrost degradation and a vegetation shift in sub-Arctic tundra", "description": "Climate change affects the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions by exposing previously frozen permafrost to thaw, unlocking soil nutrients, changing hydrological processes, and boosting plant growth. As a result, sub-Arctic tundra is subject to a shrub expansion, called \u201cshrubification\u201d, at the expense of sedge species. Depending on the intrinsic foliar properties of these plant species, changes in foliar mineral element fluxes with shrubification in the context of permafrost degradation may influence topsoil mineral element composition. Despite the potential implications of changes in topsoil mineral element concentrations for the fate of organic carbon, this remains poorly quantified. Here, we investigate vegetation foliar and topsoil mineral element composition (Si, K, Ca, P, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, V) across a natural gradient of permafrost degradation at a typical sub-Arctic tundra at Eight Mile Lake (Alaska, USA). Results show that foliar mineral element concentrations are higher (up to 9 times; Si, K, Mo for all species, and for some species Zn) or lower (up to 2 times; Ca, P, Mn, Cu, V for all species, and for some species Zn) in sedge than in shrub species. As a result, a vegetation shift over ~40 years has resulted in lower topsoil concentrations in Si, K, Zn, and Mo (respectively of 52, 24, 20, and 51%) in highly degraded permafrost sites compared to poorly degraded permafrost sites due to lower foliar fluxes of these elements. For other elements (Ca, P, Mn, Cu, and V), the vegetation shift has not induced a marked change in topsoil concentrations at this current stage of permafrost degradation. A modeled amplified shrubification associated with a further permafrost degradation is expected to increase foliar Ca, P, Mn, Cu, and V fluxes, which will likely change these element concentrations in topsoil. These data can serve as a first estimate to assess the influence of other shifts in vegetation in Arctic and sub-Arctic tundra such as sedge expansion under wetter soil conditions.", "keywords": ["topsoil", "[SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "mineral elements", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sub-Arctic tundra", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "vegetation change", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "shrubification", "permafrost degradation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/260550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/260550", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/260550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/260550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-16", "title": "Effects Of Nutrient Additions On Ecosystem Carbon Cycle In A Puerto Rican Tropical Wet Forest", "description": "AbstractWet tropical forests play a critical role in global ecosystem carbon (C) cycle, but C allocation and the response of different C pools to nutrient addition in these forests remain poorly understood. We measured soil organic carbon (SOC), litterfall, root biomass, microbial biomass and soil physical and chemical properties in a wet tropical forest from May 1996 to July 1997 following a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year continuous fertilization. We found that although there was no significant difference in total SOC in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of the soils between the fertilization plots (5.42\uffc2\uffb10.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and the control plots (5.27\uffc2\uffb10.22\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), the proportion of the heavy\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction organic C in the total SOC was significantly higher in the fertilized plots (59%) than in the control plots (46%) (P<0.05). The annual decomposition rate of fertilized leaf litter was 13% higher than that of the control leaf litter. We also found that fertilization significantly increased microbial biomass (fungi+bacteria) with 952\uffc2\uffb148\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil in the fertilized plots and 755\uffc2\uffb137\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil in the control plots. Our results suggest that fertilization in tropical forests may enhance long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C sequestration in the soils of tropical wet forests.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-24", "title": "Estimating The Uncertainty In Annual Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange: Spatial Variation In Turbulent Fluxes And Sampling Errors In Eddy-Covariance Measurements", "description": "AbstractAbove forest canopies, eddy covariance (EC) measurements of mass (CO2, H2O vapor) and energy exchange, assumed to represent ecosystem fluxes, are commonly made at one point in the roughness sublayer (RSL). A spatial variability experiment, in which EC measurements were made from six towers within the RSL in a uniform pine plantation, quantified large and dynamic spatial variation in fluxes. The spatial coefficient of variation (CV) of the scalar fluxes decreased with increasing integration time, stabilizing at a minimum that was independent of further lengthening the averaging period (hereafter a \uffe2\uff80\uff98stable minimum\uffe2\uff80\uff99). For all three fluxes, the stable minimum (CV=9\uffe2\uff80\uff9311%) was reached at averaging times (\uffcf\uff84p) of 6\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83h during daytime, but higher stable minima (CV=46\uffe2\uff80\uff93158%) were reached at longer \uffcf\uff84p (>12\uffe2\uff80\uff83h) during nighttime. To the extent that decreasing CV of EC fluxes reflects reduction in micrometeorological sampling errors, half of the observed variability at \uffcf\uff84p=30\uffe2\uff80\uff83min is attributed to sampling errors. The remaining half (indicated by the stable minimum CV) is attributed to underlying variability in ecosystem structural properties, as determined by leaf area index, and perhaps associated ecosystem activity attributes. We further assessed the spatial variability estimates in the context of uncertainty in annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE). First, we adjusted annual NEE values obtained at our long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observation tower to account for the difference between this tower and the mean of all towers from this experiment; this increased NEE by up to 55\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Second, we combined uncertainty from gap filling and instrument error with uncertainty because of spatial variability, producing an estimate of variability in annual NEE ranging from 79 to 127\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This analysis demonstrated that even in such a uniform pine plantation, in some years spatial variability can contribute \uffe2\uff88\uffbc50% of the uncertainty in annual NEE estimates.
", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-06", "title": "Total Soil C And N Sequestration In A Grassland Following 10 Years Of Free Air Co2 Enrichment", "description": "AbstractSoil C sequestration may mitigate rising levels of atmospheric CO2. However, it has yet to be determined whether net soil C sequestration occurs in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich grasslands exposed to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2. This study examined whether N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized grasslands exposed to elevated CO2 sequestered additional C. For 10 years, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, and the mixture of L. perenne/T. repens grasslands were exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (35 and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa pCO2). The applied CO2 was depleted in \uffce\uffb413C and the grasslands received low (140\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and high (560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) rates of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled fertilizer. Annually collected soil samples from the top 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of the grassland soils allowed us to follow the sequestration of new C in the surface soil layer. For the first time, we were able to collect dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled soil samples to a depth of 75\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm after 10 years of elevated CO2 and determine the total amount of new soil C and N sequestered in the whole soil profile. Elevated CO2, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization rate, and species had no significant effect on total soil C. On average 9.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg new C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was sequestered, which corresponds to 26.5% of the total C. The mean residence time of the C present in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was calculated at 4.6\uffc2\uffb11.5 and 3.1\uffc2\uffb11.1 years for L. perenne and T. repens soil, respectively. After 10 years, total soil N and C in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was unaffected by CO2 concentration, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization rate and plant species. The total amount of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer sequestered in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was also unaffected by CO2 concentration, but significantly more 15N was sequestered in the L. perenne compared with the T. repens swards: 620 vs. 452\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the high rate and 234 vs. 133\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the low rate of N fertilization. Intermediate values of 15N recovery were found in the mixture. The fertilizer derived N amounted to 2.8% of total N for the low rate and increased to 8.6% for the high rate of N application. On average, 13.9% of the applied 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer was recovered in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth in soil organic matter in the L. perenne sward, whereas 8.8% was recovered under the T. repens swards, indicating that the N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing T. repens system was less effective in sequestering applied N than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing L. perenne system. Prolonged elevated CO2 did not lead to an increase in whole soil profile C and N in these fertilized pastures. The potential use of fertilized and regular cut pastures as a net soil C sink under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2 appears to be limited and will likely not significantly contribute to the mitigation of anthropogenic C emissions.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "plant", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen pools", "carbon-dioxide", "forest soils", "trifolium-repens l", "lolium-perenne", "litter quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "n-15-labeled fertilizer", "organic-matter", "elevated atmospheric co2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01198.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Effects Of Grazing Intensity On Soil Carbon Stocks Following Deforestation Of A Hawaiian Dry Tropical Forest", "description": "AbstractThe effects of forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90pasture conversion on soil carbon (C) stocks depend on a combination of climatic and management factors, but factors that relate to grazing intensity are perhaps the least understood. To understand the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term impact of grazing in converted pastures, methods are needed that accurately measure the impact of grazing on recent plant inputs to soil C in a variety of pasture management and climate settings. Here, we present an analysis from Hawai'i of changes in vegetation structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) along gradients of grazing intensity and elevation in pastures converted from dry tropical forest 100 years ago. We used hyperspectral remote sensing of photosynthetic vegetation, nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV) and exposed substrate to understand the effects of grazing on plant litter cover, thus, estimating recent plant inputs to soils (the NPV component). Forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90pasture conversion caused a shift from C3 to C4 plant physiology, thus the \uffce\uffb413C method was used in soil cores to measure the fraction of SOC accumulated from pasture vegetation sources following land conversion. SOC decreased in pasture by 5\uffe2\uff80\uff939\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, depending upon grazing intensity. SOC derived from C3 (forest) sources was constant across the grazing gradient, indicating that the observed variation in SOC was attributable to changes in C inputs following deforestation. Soil C stocks were also reduced in pastures relative to forest soils. We found that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term grazing lowers SOC following Hawaiian forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90pasture conversion, and that these changes are larger in magnitude that those occurring with elevation (climate). Further we demonstrate a relationship between remotely sensed measurements of surface litter and field SOC measurements, allowing for regional analysis of pasture condition and C storage where limited field data are available.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01198.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01198.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01198.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01198.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-20", "title": "Changes In Aboveground Primary Production And Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Accompanying Woody Plant Encroachment In A Temperate Savanna", "description": "AbstractWhen woody plant abundance increases in grasslands and savannas, a phenomenon widely observed worldwide, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools increase, decrease, or remain the same. We estimated ANPP and C and N pools in aboveground vegetation and surface soils on shallow clay and clay loam soils undergoing encroachment by Prosopis glandulosa in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. Aboveground Prosopis C and N mass increased linearly, and ANPP increased logarithmically, with stand age on clay loam soils; on shallow clays, Prosopis C and N mass and ANPP all increased linearly with stand age. We found no evidence of an asymptote in trajectories of C and N accumulation or ANPP on either soil type even following 68 years of stand development. Production and accumulation rates were lower on shallow clay sites relative to clay loam sites, suggesting strong edaphic control of C and N accumulation associated with woody plant encroachment. Response of herbaceous C mass to Prosopis stand development also differed between soil types. Herbaceous C declined with increasing aboveground Prosopis C on clay loams, but increased with increasing Prosopis C on shallow clays. Total ANPP (Prosopis+herbaceous) of sites with the highest Prosopis basal area were 1.2 \uffc3\uff97 and 4.0 \uffc3\uff97 greater than those with the lowest Prosopis basal area on clay loam and shallow clay soils, respectively. Prosopis ANPP more than offset declines in herbaceous ANPP on clay loams and added to increased herbaceous ANPP on shallow clays. Although aboveground C and N pools increased substantially with Prosopis stand development, we found no corresponding change in surface soil C and N pools (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm). Overall, our findings indicate that Prosopis stand development significantly increases ecosystem C and N storage/cycling, and the magnitude of these impacts varied with stand age, soil type and functional plant traits
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-01", "title": "Challenging Established Narratives On Soil Erosion And Shifting Cultivation In Laos", "description": "AbstractThe official environmental discourse in Laos describes a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cchain of degradation\uffe2\uff80\uff9d stretching from upland shifting cultivation, increased runoff and soil erosion to the siltation of wetlands and reservoirs. This perspective has had wide\uffe2\uff80\uff90ranging impacts on rural development policy which, in the uplands, has long favoured forest conservation over agriculture. Integrating soil erosion and water sediment data with local perceptions of land degradation in an upland village of northern Laos, this study tests the validity of the official environmental discourse. Biophysical measurements made in a small agricultural catchment indicate a significant correlation between the spatial extent of cultivation and soil erosion rates. However, sediment yields recorded at the outlet of the catchment highlight relatively low levels of off\uffe2\uff80\uff90site sediment exportation. Furthermore, farmers' perceptions suggest that local land degradation issues and crop yield declines could be less related to soil erosion than to agricultural land shortage, increased weed competition, and fertility losses resulting from the intensification of shifting cultivation. The study concludes that a better understanding and management of land degradation issues can be achieved by developing more inclusive and scientifically\uffe2\uff80\uff90informed approaches to environmental perceptions and narratives.
", "keywords": ["http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "SOL CULTIVE", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "culture itin\u00e9rante", "\u00e9rosion", "SEDIMENT", "POLITIQUE AGRICOLE", "SYSTEME DE REPRESENTATIONS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12076", "conservation des for\u00eats", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3062", "for\u00eat", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374158672853", "DEGRADATION DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2651", "intensification", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34823", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7168", "2. Zero hunger", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "AGRICULTEUR", "15. Life on land", "VILLAGE", "ruissellement", "6. Clean water", "JACHERE", "BASSIN VERSANT", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7038", "d\u00e9gradation du sol", "13. Climate action", "conservation des sols", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35388", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485", "d\u00e9gradation des terres", "EROSION HYDRIQUE", "impact sur l'environnement", "ROTATION DES CULTURES", "ZONE DE MONTAGNE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-02", "title": "Effects Of Lime And Artificial Acid Rain On The Enchytraeid (Oligochaeta) Fauna In Coniferous Forest", "description": "Effects of lime and artificial rain of varying acidity on the enchytraeid fauna were studied in 4 field experiments in coniferous forest. Artificial rain was applied 5 months per year in quantities of 25 or 50 mm per month and with pH values from about 6 to 2. The \uffe2\uff80\uff9crain\uffe2\uff80\uff9d was produced by mixing groundwater and sulphuric acid. The greatest total abundance of enchytraeids and the greatest population densities of Cognettia sphagnetorum and Mesenchytraeus pelicensis were found in plots supplied \uffe2\uff80\uff9crain\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of pH 6, pH 4 and pH 3. Their abundances were lowered by additional acidification (pH 2.5 and 2) and also by liming. Species like Enchytronia parva and especially Enchytraeus buchholzi and Fredericia parnoniana were mostly stimulated by liming.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gunnar Abrahamsen", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1983-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01194.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-27", "title": "Snow Depth, Soil Freezing, And Fluxes Of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide And Methane In A Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "AbstractSoil\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere fluxes of trace gases (especially nitrous oxide (N2O)) can be significant during winter and at snowmelt. We investigated the effects of decreases in snow cover on soil freezing and trace gas fluxes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA. We manipulated snow depth by shoveling to induce soil freezing, and measured fluxes of N2O, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in field chambers monthly (bi\uffe2\uff80\uff90weekly at snowmelt) in stands dominated by sugar maple or yellow birch. The snow manipulation and measurements were carried out in two winters (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) and measurements continued through 2000. Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 showed a strong seasonal pattern, with low rates in winter, but N2O fluxes did not show strong seasonal variation. The snow manipulation induced soil freezing, increased N2O flux and decreased CH4 uptake in both treatment years, especially during winter. Annual N2O fluxes in sugar maple treatment plots were 207 and 99\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 1998 and 1999 vs. 105 and 42 in reference plots. Tree species had no effect on N2O or CO2 fluxes, but CH4 uptake was higher in plots dominated by yellow birch than in plots dominated by sugar maple. Our results suggest that winter fluxes of N2O are important and that winter climate change that decreases snow cover will increase soil:atmosphere N2O fluxes from northern hardwood forests.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01194.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01194.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01194.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01194.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01199.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-06", "title": "Nitrogen-Regulated Effects Of Free-Air Co2 Enrichment On Methane Emissions From Paddy Rice Fields", "description": "AbstractUsing the free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (FACE) techniques, we carried out a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year mono\uffe2\uff80\uff90factorial experiment in temperate paddy rice fields of Japan (1998\uffe2\uff80\uff932000) and a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year multifactorial experiment in subtropical paddy rice fields in the Yangtze River delta in China (2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932003), to investigate the methane (CH4) emissions in response to an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (200\uffc2\uffb140\uffe2\uff80\uff83mmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 higher than that in the ambient atmosphere). No significant effect of the elevated CO2 upon seasonal accumulative CH4 emissions was observed in the first rice season, but significant stimulatory effects (CH4 increase ranging from 38% to 188%, with a mean of 88%) were observed in the second and third rice seasons in the fields with or without organic matter addition. The stimulatory effects of the elevated CO2 upon seasonal accumulative CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with the addition rates of decomposable organic carbon (P<0.05), but positively with the rates of nitrogen fertilizers applied in either the current rice season (P<0.05) or the whole year (P<0.01). Six mechanisms were proposed to explain collectively the observations. Soil nitrogen availability was identified as an important regulator. The effect of soil nitrogen availability on the observed relation between elevated CO2 and CH4 emission can be explained by (a) modifying the C/N ratio of the plant residues formed in the previous growing season(s); (b) changing the inhibitory effect of high C/N ratio on plant residue decomposition in the current growing season; and (c) altering the stimulatory effects of CO2 enrichment upon plant growth, as well as nitrogen uptake in the current growing season. This study implies that the concurrent enrichment of reactive nitrogen in the global ecosystems may accelerate the increase of atmospheric methane by initiating a stimulatory effect of the ongoing dramatic atmospheric CO2 enrichment upon methane emissions from nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor paddy rice ecosystems and further amplifying the existing stimulatory effect in nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich paddy rice ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01199.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01199.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01199.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01199.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01212.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-20", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Properties And Microbial Communities In Relation To Growth Of Pinus Radiata And Nothofagus Fusca Trees After 6 Years At Ambient And Elevated Atmospheric Co2", "description": "AbstractIncreasing atmospheric CO2 concentration can influence the growth and chemical composition of many plant species, and thereby affect soil organic matter pools and nutrient fluxes. Here, we examine the effects of ambient (initially 362\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and elevated (654\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) CO2 in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers on the growth after 6 years of two temperate evergreen forest species: an exotic, Pinus radiata D. Don, and a native, Nothofagus fusca (Hook. F.) Oerst. (red beech). We also examine associated effects on selected carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) properties in litter and mineral soil, and on microbial properties in rhizosphere and hyphosphere soil. The soil was a weakly developed sand that had a low initial C concentration of about 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at both 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 and 100\uffe2\uff80\uff93300\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm depths; in the N. fusca system, it was initially overlaid with about 50\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm of forest floor litter (predominantly FH material) taken from a Nothofagus forest. A slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90release fertilizer was added during the early stages of plant growth; subsequent foliage analyses indicated that N was not limiting. After 6 years, stem diameters, foliage N concentrations and C/N ratios of both species were indistinguishable (P>0.10) in the two CO2 treatments. Although total C contents in mineral soil at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm depth had increased significantly (P<0.001) after 6 years growth of P. radiata, averaging 80\uffc2\uffb10.20\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, they were not significantly influenced by elevated CO2. However, CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C production in litter, and CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C production, microbial C, and microbial C/N ratios in mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm depth) under P. radiata were significantly higher under elevated than ambient CO2. CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C production, microbial C, and numbers of bacteria (but not fungi) were also significantly higher under elevated CO2 in hyphosphere soil, but not in rhizosphere soil. Under N. fusca, some incorporation of the overlaid litter into the mineral soil had probably occurred; except for CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C production and microbial C in hyphosphere soil, none of the biochemical properties or microbial counts increased significantly under elevated CO2. Net mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90N production, and generally the potential utilization of different substrates by microbial communities, were not significantly influenced by elevated CO2 under either tree species. Physiological profiles of the microbial communities did, however, differ significantly between rhizosphere and hyphosphere samples and between samples under P. radiata and N. fusca. Overall, results support the concept that a major effect on soil properties after prolonged exposure of trees to elevated CO2 is an increase in the amounts, and mineralization rate, of labile organic components.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David Whitehead, Susan J. Grayston, Des J. Ross,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01212.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01212.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01212.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01212.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-26", "title": "Interactions between plant growth and soil nutrient cycling under elevated CO2: a meta-analysis", "description": "Abstractfree air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) and open top chamber (OTC) studies are valuable tools for evaluating the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analytic techniques, we summarized the results of 117 studies on plant biomass production, soil organic matter dynamics and biological N2 fixation in FACE and OTC experiments. The objective of the analysis was to determine whether elevated CO2 alters nutrient cycling between plants and soil and if so, what the implications are for soil carbon (C) sequestration. Elevated CO2 stimulated gross N immobilization by 22%, whereas gross and net N mineralization rates remained unaffected. In addition, the soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio and microbial N contents increased under elevated CO2 by 3.8% and 5.8%, respectively. Microbial C contents and soil respiration increased by 7.1% and 17.7%, respectively. Despite the stimulation of microbial activity, soil C input still caused soil C contents to increase by 1.2%\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Namely, elevated CO2 stimulated overall above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant biomass by 21.5% and 28.3%, respectively, thereby outweighing the increase in CO2 respiration. In addition, when comparing experiments under both low and high N availability, soil C contents (+2.2%\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant growth (+20.1% and+33.7%) only increased under elevated CO2 in experiments receiving the high N treatments. Under low N availability, above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant growth increased by only 8.8% and 14.6%, and soil C contents did not increase. Nitrogen fixation was stimulated by elevated CO2 only when additional nutrients were supplied. These results suggest that the main driver of soil C sequestration is soil C input through plant growth, which is strongly controlled by nutrient availability. In unfertilized ecosystems, microbial N immobilization enhances acclimation of plant growth to elevated CO2 in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term. Therefore, increased soil C input and soil C sequestration under elevated CO2 can only be sustained in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term when additional nutrients are supplied.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "enrichment", "microbial biomass", "atmospheric carbon-dioxide", "nitrogen-fixation", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "forest", "tallgrass prairie", "13. Climate action", "responses", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic-matter", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01263.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-25", "title": "Fifteen Years Of Climate Change Manipulations Alter Soil Microbial Communities In A Subarctic Heath Ecosystem", "description": "AbstractSoil microbial biomass in arctic heaths has been shown to be largely unaffected by treatments simulating climate change with temperature, nutrient and light manipulations. Here, we demonstrate that more than 10 years is needed for development of significant responses, and that changes in microbial biomass are accompanied with strong alterations in microbial community composition. In contrast to slight or nonsignificant responses after 5, 6 and 10 treatment years, 15 years of inorganic NPK fertilizer addition to a subarctic heath had strong effects on the microbial community and, as observed for the first time, warming and shading also led to significant responses, often in opposite direction to the fertilization responses. The effects were clearer in the top 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil than at the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. Fertilization increased microbial biomass C and more than doubled microbial biomass P compared to the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized plots. However, it only increased microbial biomass N at the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. Fertilization increased fungal biomass and the relative abundance of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers of gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria. Warming and shading decreased the relative abundance of fungal PLFAs, and shading also altered the composition of the bacterial community. The long time lag in responses may be associated with indirect effects of the gradual changes in the plant biomass and community composition. The contrasting responses to warming and fertilization treatments show that results from fertilizer addition may not be similar to the effects of increased nutrient mineralization and availability following climatic warming.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01263.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01263.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01263.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01263.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01307.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-15", "title": "Precipitation Pulses And Soil Co2flux In A Sonoran Desert Ecosystem", "description": "AbstractPrecipitation is a major driver of biological processes in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Soil biogeochemical processes in these water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited systems are closely linked to episodic rainfall events, and the relationship between microbial activity and the amount and timing of rainfall has implications for the whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90system carbon (C) balance. Here, the influences of storm size and time between events on pulses of soil respiration were explored in an upper Sonoran Desert ecosystem. Immediately following experimental rewetting in the field, CO2 efflux increased up to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold, but generally returned to background levels within 48\uffe2\uff80\uff83h. CO2 production integrated over 48\uffe2\uff80\uff83h ranged from 2.5 to 19.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and was greater beneath shrubs than in interplant spaces. When water was applied on sequential days, postwetting losses of CO2 were only half a large as initial fluxes, and the size of the second pulse increased with time between consecutive events. Soil respiration was more closely linked to the organic matter content of surface soils than to rainfall amount. Beneath shrubs, rates increased nonlinearly with storm size, reaching an asymptote at approximately 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm simulated storms. This nonlinear relationship stems from (1) resource limitation of microbial activity that is manifest at small time scales, and (2) greatly reduced process rates in deeper soil strata. Thus, beyond some threshold in storm size, increasing the duration or depth of soil moisture has little consequence for short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term losses of CO2. In addition, laboratory rewetting across a broad range in soil water content suggest that microbial activity and CO2 efflux following rainfall may be further modified by the routing and redistribution of water along hillslopes. Finally, analysis of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term precipitation data suggests that half the monsoon storms in this system are sufficient to induce soil heterotrophic activity and C losses, but are not large enough to elicit autotrophic activity and C accrual by desert shrubs.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ryan A. Sponseller", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01307.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01307.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01307.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01307.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-14", "title": "Invasive Grass Reduces Aboveground Carbon Stocks In Shrublands Of The Western Us", "description": "AbstractUnderstanding the terrestrial carbon budget, in particular the strength of the terrestrial carbon sink, is important in the context of global climate change. Considerable attention has been given to woody encroachment in the western US and the role it might play as a carbon sink; however, in many parts of the western US the reverse process is also occurring. The conversion of woody shrublands to annual grasslands involves the invasion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) which in turn leads to increased frequency and extent of fires. We compared carbon storage in adjacent plots of invasive grassland and native shrubland. We scaled\uffe2\uff80\uff90up the impact of this ecosystem shift using regional maps of the current invasion and of the risk of future invasion. The expansion of cheatgrass within the Great Basin has released an estimated 8\uffc2\uffb13\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C to the atmosphere, and will likely release another 50\uffc2\uffb120\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C in the coming decades. This ecosystem conversion has changed portions of the western US from a carbon sink to a source, making previous estimates of a western carbon sink almost certainly spurious. The growing importance of invasive species in driving land cover changes may substantially change future estimates of US terrestrial carbon storage.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-19", "title": "[Co2]- And Density-Dependent Competition Between Grassland Species", "description": "AbstractThe predicted ongoing increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is considered to be one of the main threats to biodiversity due to potential changes in biotic interactions. We tested whether effects of intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and interspecific planting density of the calcareous grassland perennialsBromus erectusandCarex flaccachange in response to elevated [CO2] (600\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) by using factorial combinations of seven densities (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 tillers per 8 \uffc3\uff97 8\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm2cell) of both species in plots with and without CO2enrichment. Although aboveground biomass ofC. flaccawas increased by 54% under elevated [CO2], the combined aboveground biomass of the whole stand was not significantly increased.C. flaccatended to produce more tillers under elevated [CO2] whileB. erectusproduced less tillers. The positive effect of [CO2] on the number of tillers ofC. flaccawas strongest at high intraspecific densities. On the other hand, the negative effect of [CO2] on the number of tillers ofB. erectuswas not present at intermediate intraspecific planting densities. Seed production ofC. flaccawas more than doubled under elevated [CO2], while seed production ofB. erectuswas not affected. Moreover, the mass per seed ofC. flaccawas increased by elevated [CO2] at intermediate interspecific planting densities while the mass per seed ofB. erectuswas decreased by elevated [CO2] at high interspecific planting densities. Our results show that the responses ofC. flaccaandB. erectusto elevated [CO2] depend in a complex way on initial planting densities of both species. In other words, competition between these two model species is both [CO2]\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and density dependent. On average, however, the effects of [CO2] on the individual species indicate that the composition of calcareous grasslands is likely to change under elevated [CO2] in favor ofC. flacca.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-15", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Anthropogenic Perturbations On Dynamics And Speciation Of Organic Carbon In Tropical Forest And Subtropical Grassland Ecosystems", "description": "AbstractAnthropogenic perturbations have profoundly modified the Earth's biogeochemical cycles, the most prominent of these changes being manifested by global carbon (C) cycling. We investigated long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover changes from native tropical forest (Kenya) and subtropical grassland (South Africa) ecosystems to agriculture on the dynamics and structural composition of soil organic C (SOC) using elemental analysis and integrated13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), near\uffe2\uff80\uff90edge X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based Fourier transform infrared\uffe2\uff80\uff90attenuated total reflectance (Sr\uffe2\uff80\uff90FTIR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ATR) spectroscopy. Anthropogenic interventions led to the depletion of 76%, 86% and 67% of the total SOC; and 77%, 85% and 66% of the N concentrations from the surface soils of Nandi, Kakamega and the South African sites, respectively, over a period of up to 100 years. Significant proportions of the total SOC (46\uffe2\uff80\uff9373%) and N (37\uffe2\uff80\uff9373%) losses occurred during the first 4 years of conversion indicating that these forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and grassland\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived soils contain large amounts of labile soil organic matter (SOM), potentially vulnerable to degradation upon human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover changes. Anthropogenic perturbations altered not only the C sink capacity of these soils, but also the functional group composition and dynamics of SOC with time, rendering structural composition of the resultant organic matter in the agricultural soils to be considerably different from the SOM under natural forest and grassland ecosystems. These molecular level compositional changes were manifested: (i) by the continued degradation of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl and acetal\uffe2\uff80\uff90C structures found in carbohydrate and holocellulose biomolecules, some labile aliphatic\uffe2\uff80\uff90C functionalities, (ii) by side\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain oxidation of phenylpropane units of lignin and (iii) by the continued aromatization and aliphatization of the humic fractions possibly through selective accumulation of recalcitrant H and C substituted aryl\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and aliphatic\uffe2\uff80\uff90C components such as (poly)\uffe2\uff80\uff90methylene units, respectively. These changes appeared as early as the fourth year after transition, and their intensity increased with duration of cultivation until a new quasi\uffe2\uff80\uff90equilibrium of SOC was approached at about 20 years after conversion. However, subtle but persistent changes in molecular structures of the resultant SOM continued long after (up to 100 years) a steady state for SOC was approached. These molecular level changes in the inherent structural composition of SOC may exert considerable influence on biogeochemical cycling of C and bioavailability of essential nutrients present in association with SOM, and may significantly affect the sustainability of agriculture as well as potentials of the soils to sequester C in these tropical and subtropical highland agroecosystems.
", "keywords": ["ddc:620", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Engineering & allied operations", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620", "620"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01308.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-08", "title": "Elevated Co2 Increases Microbial Carbon Substrate Use And Nitrogen Cycling In Mojave Desert Soils", "description": "AbstractIdentifying soil microbial responses to anthropogenically driven environmental changes is critically important as concerns intensify over the potential degradation of ecosystem function. We assessed the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in Mojave Desert soils using extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level physiological profiles (CLPPs), and gross N transformation rates. Soils were collected from unvegetated interspaces between plants and under the dominant shrub (Larrea tridentata) during the 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005 growing season, an above\uffe2\uff80\uff90average rainfall year. Because most measured variables responded strongly to soil water availability, all significant effects of soil water content were used as covariates to remove potential confounding effects of water availability on microbial responses to experimental treatment effects of cover type, CO2, and sampling date. Microbial C and N activities were lower in interspace soils compared with soils under Larrea, and responses to date and CO2 treatments were cover specific. Over the growing season, EEAs involved in cellulose (cellobiohydrolase) and orthophosphate (alkaline phosphatase) degradation decreased under ambient CO2, but increased under elevated CO2. Microbial C use and substrate use diversity in CLPPs decreased over time, and elevated CO2 positively affected both. Elevated CO2 also altered microbial C use patterns, suggesting changes in the quantity and/or quality of soil C inputs. In contrast, microbial biomass N was higher in interspace soils than soils under Larrea, and was lower in soils exposed to elevated CO2. Gross rates of NH4+ transformations increased over the growing season, and late\uffe2\uff80\uff90season NH4+ fluxes were negatively affected by elevated CO2. Gross NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 fluxes decreased over time, with early season interspace soils positively affected by elevated CO2. General increases in microbial activities under elevated CO2 are likely attributable to greater microbial biomass in interspace soils, and to increased microbial turnover rates and/or metabolic levels rather than pool size in soils under Larrea. Because soil water content and plant cover type dominates microbial C and N responses to CO2, the ability of desert landscapes to mitigate or intensify the impacts of global change will ultimately depend on how changes in precipitation and increasing atmospheric CO2 shift the spatial distribution of Mojave Desert plant communities.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Virginia L. Jin, Virginia L. Jin, R. D. Evans,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01308.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01308.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01308.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01308.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Plant Species Richness, Elevated Co2, And Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition And Function", "description": "AbstractWe determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO2 and ambient N, or ambient CO2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO2. In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.
", "keywords": ["Extracellular Enzymes", "Complementary Resource Use", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland Ecosystem", "Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA)", "Global Change", "14. Life underwater", "complimentary resource use", "global change", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant Diversity", "microbial biomass", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "grasslands", "Soil Fungi", "extracellular enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Biomass", "Soil C Cycling", "plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE (Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01333.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-23", "title": "Source Components And Interannual Variability Of Soil Co2efflux Under Experimental Warming And Clipping In A Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "AbstractPartitioning soil CO2 efflux into autotrophic (RA) and heterotrophic (RH) components is crucial for understanding their differential responses to climate change. We conducted a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment (2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932005) to investigate effects of warming 2\uffc2\uffb0C and yearly clipping on soil CO2 efflux and its components (i.e. RA and RH) in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Interannual variability of these fluxes was also examined. Deep collars (70\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) were inserted into soil to measure RH. RA was quantified as the difference between soil CO2 efflux and RH. Warming treatment significantly stimulated soil CO2 efflux and its components (i.e. RA and RH) in most years. In contrast, yearly clipping significantly reduced soil CO2 efflux only in the last 2 years, although it decreased RH in every year of the study. Temperature sensitivity (i.e. apparent Q10 values) of soil CO2 efflux was slightly lower under warming (P>0.05) and reduced considerably by clipping (P<0.05) compared with that in the control. On average over the 4 years, RH accounted for approximately 65% of soil CO2 efflux with a range from 58% to 73% in the four treatments. Over seasons, the contribution of RH to soil CO2 efflux reached a maximum in winter (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc90%) and a minimum in summer (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc35%). Annual soil CO2 efflux did not vary substantially among years as precipitation did. The interannual variability of soil CO2 efflux may be mainly caused by precipitation distribution and summer severe drought. Our results suggest that the effects of warming and yearly clipping on soil CO2 efflux and its components did not result in significant changes in RH or RA contribution, and rainfall timing may be more important in determining interannual variability of soil CO2 efflux than the amount of annual precipitation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01333.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01333.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01333.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01333.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01346.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-25", "title": "Effects Of Nutrient Addition On Vegetation And Carbon Cycling In An Ombrotrophic Bog", "description": "AbstractWe measured net ecosystem CO2exchange (NEE), plant biomass and growth, species composition, peat microclimate, and litter decomposition in a fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue Bog, Ottawa, Ontario. The bog is located in the zone with the highest atmospheric nitrogen deposition for Canada, estimated at 0.8\uffe2\uff80\uff931.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921(wet deposition as NH4and NO3). To establish the effect of nutrient addition on this ecosystem, we fertilized the bog with six treatments involving the application of 1.6\uffe2\uff80\uff936\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921(as NH4NO3), with and without P and K, in triplicate 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m \uffc3\uff97 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m plots. The initial 5\uffe2\uff80\uff936 years have shown a loss of firstSphagnum, thenPolytrichummosses, and an increase in vascular plant biomass and leaf area index. Analyses of NEE, measuredin situwith climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled chambers, indicate that contrary to expectations, the treatments with the highest levels of nutrient addition showed lower rates of maximum NEE and gross photosynthesis, but little change in ecosystem respiration after 5 years. Although shrub biomass and leaf area increased in the high nutrient plots, loss of moss photosynthesis owing to nutrient toxicity, increased vascular plant shading and greater litter accumulation contributed to the lower levels of CO2uptake. Our study highlights the importance of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments as we did not observe lower NEE until the fifth year of the experiment. However, this may be a transient response as the treatment plots continue to change. Higher levels of nutrients may cause changes in plant composition and productivity and decrease the ability of peatlands to sequester CO2from the atmosphere.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leszek A. B\u0142\u0119dzki, Jill L. Bubier, Tim R. Moore,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01346.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01346.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01346.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01346.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "description": "AbstractAfforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01368.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-26", "title": "Postfire Carbon Pools And Fluxes In Semiarid Ponderosa Pine In Central Oregon", "description": "AbstractForest fire dramatically affects the carbon storage and underlying mechanisms that control the carbon balance of recovering ecosystems. In western North America where fire extent has increased in recent years, we measured carbon pools and fluxes in moderately and severely burned forest stands 2 years after a fire to determine the controls on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and make comparisons with unburned stands in the same region. Total ecosystem carbon in soil and live and dead pools in the burned stands was on average 66% that of unburned stands (11.0 and 16.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, respectively, P<0.01). Soil carbon accounted for 56% and 43% of the carbon pools in burned and unburned stands. NEP was significantly lower in severely burned compared with unburned stands (P<0.01) with an increasing trend from \uffe2\uff88\uff92125\uffc2\uffb144\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (\uffc2\uffb11\uffe2\uff80\uff83SD) in severely burned stands (stand replacing fire), to \uffe2\uff88\uff9238\uffc2\uffb196 and +50\uffc2\uffb147\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in moderately burned and unburned stands, respectively. Fire of moderate severity killed 82% of trees <20\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm in diameter (diameter at 1.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m height, DBH); however, this size class only contributed 22% of prefire estimates of bole wood production. Larger trees (> 20\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm DBH) suffered only 34% mortality under moderate severity fire and contributed to 91% of postfire bole wood production. Growth rates of trees that survived the fire were comparable with their prefire rates. Net primary production NPP (g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, \uffc2\uffb11\uffe2\uff80\uff83SD) of severely burned stands was 47% of unburned stands (167\uffc2\uffb176, 346\uffc2\uffb1148, respectively, P<0.05), with forb and grass aboveground NPP accounting for 74% and 4% of total aboveground NPP, respectively. Based on continuous seasonal measurements of soil respiration in a severely burned stand, in areas kept free of ground vegetation, soil heterotrophic respiration accounted for 56% of total soil CO2 efflux, comparable with the values of 54% and 49% previously reported for two of the unburned forest stands. Estimates of total ecosystem heterotrophic respiration (Rh) were not significantly different between stand types 2 years after fire. The ratio NPP/Rh averaged 0.55, 0.85 and 1.21 in the severely burned, moderately burned and unburned stands, respectively. Annual soil CO2 efflux was linearly related to aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) with an increase in soil CO2 efflux of 1.48\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for every 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83g increase in ANPP (P<0.01, r2= 0.76). There was no significant difference in this relationship between the recently burned and unburned stands. Contrary to expectations that the magnitude of NEP 2 years postfire would be principally driven by the sudden increase in detrital pools and increased rates of Rh, the data suggest NPP was more important in determining postfire NEP.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01368.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01368.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01368.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01368.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01373.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-12", "title": "Effects Of Three Years Of Soil Warming And Shading On The Rate Of Soil Respiration: Substrate Availability And Not Thermal Acclimation Mediates Observed Response", "description": "AbstractIn a number of recent field studies, the positive response of soil respiration to warming has been shown to decline over time. The two main differing hypotheses proposed to explain these results are: (1) soil microbial respiration acclimates to the increased temperature, and (2) substrate availability within the soil decreases with warming so reducing the rate of soil respiration. To investigate the relative merits of these two hypotheses, soil samples (both intact cores and sieved samples) from a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year grassland soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and shading experiment were incubated for 4 weeks at three different temperatures under constant laboratory conditions. We tested the hypothesis that sieving the soils would reduce differences in substrate availability between warmed and control plot samples and would therefore result in similar respiration rates if microbial activity had not acclimated to soil warming. In addition, to further test the effect of substrate availability, we compared the respiration rates of soils taken from shaded and unshaded plots. Both soil warming and shading significantly reduced respiration rates in the intact cores, especially under higher incubation temperatures. However, sieving the soil greatly reduced these differences suggesting that substrate availability, and not microbial acclimation to the higher temperatures, played the dominant role in determining the response of heterotrophic soil respiration to warming. The effect of shading appeared to be mediated by reduced plant productivity affecting substrate availability within the soil and hence microbial activity. Given the lack of evidence for thermal acclimation of microbial respiration, there remains the potential for prolonged carbon losses from soils in response to warming.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01373.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01373.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01373.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01373.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-28", "title": "The Legacy Of Harvest And Fire On Ecosystem Carbon Storage In A North Temperate Forest", "description": "AbstractForest harvesting and wildfire were widespread in the upper Great Lakes region of North America during the early 20th century. We examined how long this legacy of disturbance constrains forest carbon (C) storage rates by quantifying C pools and fluxes after harvest and fire in a mixed deciduous forest chronosequence in northern lower Michigan, USA. Study plots ranged in age from 6 to 68 years and were created following experimental clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut harvesting and fire disturbance. Annual C storage was estimated biometrically from measurements of wood, leaf, fine root, and woody debris mass, mass losses to herbivory, soil C content, and soil respiration. Maximum annual C storage in stands that were disturbed by harvest and fire twice was 26% less than a reference stand receiving the same disturbance only once. The mechanism for this reduction in annual C storage was a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting decrease in site quality that endured over the 62\uffe2\uff80\uff90year timeframe examined. However, during regrowth the harvested and burned forest rapidly became a net C sink, storing 0.53\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921after 6 years. Maximum net ecosystem production (1.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and annual C increment (0.95\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were recorded in the 24\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stands, respectively. Net primary production averaged 5.19\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in experimental stands, increasing by < 10% from 6 to 50 years. Soil heterotrophic respiration was more variable across stand ages, ranging from 3.85\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand to 4.56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 68\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand. These results suggest that harvesting and fire disturbances broadly distributed across the region decades ago caused changes in site quality and successional status that continue to limit forest C storage rates.
", "keywords": ["disturbance", "570", "aspen", "net primary production", "net ecosystem production", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "logging", "630", "succession", "northern hardwoods", "Biology", "fire", "legacy effects", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Katherine H. Harrold, Christoph S. Vogel, Peter S. Curtis, Christopher M. Gough, Kristen George,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-18", "title": "Microbial Soil Respiration And Its Dependency On Carbon Inputs, Soil Temperature And Moisture", "description": "AbstractThis experiment was designed to study three determinant factors in decomposition patterns of soil organic matter (SOM): temperature, water and carbon (C) inputs. The study combined field measurements with soil lab incubations and ends with a modelling framework based on the results obtained. Soil respiration was periodically measured at an oak savanna woodland and a ponderosa pine plantation. Intact soils cores were collected at both ecosystems, including soils with most labile C burnt off, soils with some labile C gone and soils with fresh inputs of labile C. Two treatments, dry\uffe2\uff80\uff90field condition and field capacity, were applied to an incubation that lasted 111 days. Short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temperature changes were applied to the soils periodically to quantify temperature responses. This was done to prevent confounding results associated with different pools of C that would result by exposing treatments chronically to different temperature regimes. This paper discusses the role of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics. At the seasonal scale, temperature and water were, respectively, the main limiting factors controlling soil CO2 efflux for the ponderosa pine and the oak savanna ecosystems. Spatial and seasonal variations in plant activity (root respiration and exudates production) exerted a strong influence over the seasonal and spatial variation of soil metabolic activity. Mean residence times of bulk SOM were significantly lower at the Nitrogen (N)\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich deciduous savanna than at the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited evergreen dominated pine ecosystem. At shorter time scales (daily), SOM decomposition was controlled primarily by temperature during wet periods and by the combined effect of water and temperature during dry periods. Secondary control was provided by the presence/absence of plant derived C inputs (exudation). Further analyses of SOM decomposition suggest that factors such as changes in the decomposer community, stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the metabolic activity of decomposers or SOM stabilization patterns remain unresolved, but should also be considered in future SOM decomposition studies. Observations and confounding factors associated with SOM decomposition patterns and its temperature sensitivity are summarized in the modeling framework.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Climate change", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Materia org\u00e1nica del suelo", "Respiraci\u00f3n del suelo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "title": "Evaluation Of Carbon Accrual In Afforested Agricultural Soils", "description": "AbstractAfforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01366.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-12", "title": "Large Losses Of Soil C And N From Soil Profiles Under Pasture In New Zealand During The Past 20 Years", "description": "AbstractThe conversion of two\uffe2\uff80\uff90thirds of New Zealand's native forests and grasslands to agriculture has followed trends in other developed nations, except that pastoral grazing rather than cropping dominates agriculture. The initial conversion of land to pasture decreased soil acidity and elevated N and P stocks, but caused little change in soil organic C stocks. However, less is known about C and nutrient stock changes during the last two decades under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pastoral management. We resampled 31 whole soil profiles in pastures spanning seven soil orders with a latitudinal range of 36\uffe2\uff80\uff9346\uffc2\uffb0S, which had originally been sampled 17\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 years ago. We measured total C, total N, and bulk density for each horizon (generally to 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m) and also reanalyzed archived soil samples of the same horizons for C and N. On average, profiles had lost significant amounts of C (\uffe2\uff88\uff92 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and N (\uffe2\uff88\uff92 0.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) since initial sampling. Assuming a continuous linear decline in organic matter between sampling dates, significant losses averaged 106\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (P=0.01) and 9.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (P=0.002). Removal of C through leaching and erosion appears too small to explain these losses, suggesting losses from respiration exceed the inputs of photosynthate in the soil profile. These results emphasize that resampling soil profiles provide a robust method for detecting soil C changes, and add credence to the suggestion that soil C losses may be occurring in some temperate soil profiles. Further work is required to determine whether these losses are continuing and how losses might be extrapolated across landscapes to determine the implications for New Zealand's national CO2 emissions and the sustainability of the implied rates of soil N loss.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01366.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01366.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01366.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01366.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01372.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-12", "title": "Ecosystem Carbon Accretion 10 Years After Afforestation Of Depleted Subhumid Grassland Planted With Three Densities Of Pinus Nigra", "description": "AbstractBiomass and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were measured in a replicated trial after afforestation of a New Zealand upland subhumid low\uffe2\uff80\uff90productivity grassland with four tree stockings, including an unplanted control, of Pinus nigra. Total biomass accumulation of P. nigra in the cool, dry and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited environment was low, ranging from 10 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry weight at age 10. Carbon and N accumulation in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground tree biomass ranged between 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 0.03\uffe2\uff80\uff930.07\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Soil C, N and bulk density were measured 5 and 10 years after the trees were planted. Soil samples taken at year 5 from between tree rows spaced 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83m apart were considered to be representative of grassland not affected by afforestation. Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90variance analysis showed that, at year 10, soil C and N concentrations, and soil bulk density and C and N mass were not significantly affected by afforestation. The results are at variance with paired site studies in more humid environments that show soil C declines following afforestation, but confirm other studies and model predictions that show soil C decline in the early stages after afforestation in low\uffe2\uff80\uff90productivity environments is limited. Afforestation did not affect root biomass of herbaceous species and this may have contributed to the lack of effect on soil C. Although afforestation by itself did not significantly affect soil C and N, over the measurement period soil C concentrations increased, while soil N declined by 450\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The decline in soil N was confined to lower soil layers and could not be accounted for by uptake in vegetation. The observed decline in soil N is consistent with results of other work in grazed, depleted grassland in the region that indicates losses of soil N occur that cannot be accounted for by pathways directly associated with grazing.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01372.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01372.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01372.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01372.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01405.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-16", "title": "The Impact Of Elevated Co2, Increased Nitrogen Availability And Biodiversity On Plant Tissue Quality And Decomposition", "description": "AbstractElevated CO2, increased nitrogen (N) deposition and increasing species richness can increase net primary productivity (NPP). However, unless there are comparable changes in decomposition, increases in productivity will most likely be unsustainable. Without comparable increases in decomposition nutrients would accumulate in dead organic matter leading to nutrient limitations that could eventually prohibit additional increases in productivity. To address this issue, we measured aboveground plant and litter quality and belowground root quality, as well as decomposition of aboveground litter for one and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year periods usingin situlitterbags in response to a three\uffe2\uff80\uff90way factorial manipulation of CO2(ambient vs. 560\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm), N deposition (ambient vs. the addition of 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and plant species richness (one, four, nine and 16 species) in experimental grassland plots.
Litter chemistry responded to the CO2, N and plant diversity treatments, but decomposition was much less responsive. Elevated CO2induced decreases in % N and % lignin in plant tissues. N addition led to increases in % N and decreases in % lignin. Increasing plant diversity led to decreases in % N and % lignin and an increase in % cellulose. In contrast to the litter chemistry changes, elevated CO2had a much lower impact on decomposition and resulted in only a 2.5% decrease in carbon (C) loss. Detectable responses were not observed either to N addition or to species richness.
These results suggest that global change factors such as biodiversity loss, elevated CO2and N deposition lead to significant changes in tissue quality; however, the response of decomposition is modest. Thus, the observed increases in productivity at higher diversity levels and with elevated CO2and N fertilization are not matched by an increase in decomposition rates. This lack of coupled responses between production and decomposition is likely to result in an accumulation of nutrients in the litter pool which will dampen the response of NPP to these factors over time.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01405.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01405.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01405.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01405.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01407.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-24", "title": "An Oxygen-Mediated Positive Feedback Between Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Soil Organic Matter Decomposition In A Simulated Anaerobic Wetland", "description": "AbstractWe examined the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil carbon decomposition in an experimental anaerobic wetland system. Pots containing either bare C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived soil or the C3 sedge Scirpus olneyi planted in C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived soil were incubated in greenhouse chambers at either ambient or twice\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient atmospheric CO2. We measured CO2 flux from each pot, quantified soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization using \uffce\uffb413C, and determined root and shoot biomass. SOM mineralization increased in response to elevated CO2 by 83\uffe2\uff80\uff93218% (P<0.0001). In addition, soil redox potential was significantly and positively correlated with root biomass (P= 0.003). Our results (1) show that there is a positive feedback between elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wetland SOM decomposition and (2) suggest that this process is mediated by the release of oxygen from the roots of wetland plants. Because this feedback may occur in any wetland system, including peatlands, these results suggest a limitation on the size of the carbon sink presented by anaerobic wetland soils in a future elevated\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 atmosphere.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01407.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01407.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01407.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01407.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-28", "title": "Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes And Global Warming Potential In Four High-Yielding Maize Systems", "description": "AbstractCrop intensification is often thought to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but studies in which crop management is optimized to exploit crop yield potential are rare. We conducted a field study in eastern Nebraska, USA to quantify GHG emissions, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and the net global warming potential (GWP) in four irrigated systems: continuous maize with recommended best management practices (CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec) or intensive management (CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90int) and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation with recommended (CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec) or intensive management (CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90int). Grain yields of maize and soybean were generally within 80\uffe2\uff80\uff93100% of the estimated site yield potential. Large soil surface carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were mostly associated with rapid crop growth, high temperature and high soil water content. Within each crop rotation, soil CO2 efflux under intensive management was not consistently higher than with recommended management. Owing to differences in residue inputs, SOC increased in the two continuous maize systems, but decreased in CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec or remained unchanged in CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90int. N2O emission peaks were mainly associated with high temperature and high soil water content resulting from rainfall or irrigation events, but less clearly related to soil NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels. N2O fluxes in intensively managed systems were only occasionally greater than those measured in the CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec and CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec systems. Fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced N2O emissions ranged from 1.9% to 3.5% in 2003, from 0.8% to 1.5% in 2004 and from 0.4% to 0.5% in 2005, with no consistent differences among the four systems. All four cropping systems where net sources of GHG. However, due to increased soil C sequestration continuous maize systems had lower GWP than maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean systems and intensive management did not cause a significant increase in GWP. Converting maize grain to ethanol in the two continuous maize systems resulted in a net reduction in life cycle GHG emissions of maize ethanol relative to petrol\uffe2\uff80\uff90based gasoline by 33\uffe2\uff80\uff9338%. Our study provided evidence that net GHG emissions from agricultural systems can be kept low when management is optimized toward better exploitation of the yield potential. Major components for this included (i) choosing the right combination of adopted varieties, planting date and plant population to maximize crop biomass productivity, (ii) tactical water and nitrogen (N) management decisions that contributed to high N use efficiency and avoided extreme N2O emissions, and (iii) a deep tillage and residue management approach that favored the build\uffe2\uff80\uff90up of soil organic matter from large amounts of crop residues returned.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-21", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To Elevated Co2, Air Warming, And Changing Soil Water Availability In A Model Old-Field Grassland", "description": "AbstractResponses of soil respiration to atmospheric and climatic change will have profound impacts on ecosystem and global carbon (C) cycling in the future. This study was conducted to examine effects on soil respiration of the concurrent driving factors of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, air warming, and changing precipitation in a constructed old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field grassland in eastern Tennessee, USA. Model ecosystems of seven old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field species were established in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers and treated with factorial combinations of ambient or elevated (+300\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) CO2 concentration, ambient or elevated (+3\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) air temperature, and high or low soil moisture content. During the 19\uffe2\uff80\uff90month experimental period from June 2003 to December 2004, higher CO2 concentration and soil water availability significantly increased mean soil respiration by 35.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The effects of air warming on soil respiration varied seasonally from small reductions to significant increases to no response, and there was no significant main effect. In the wet side of elevated CO2 chambers, air warming consistently caused increases in soil respiration, whereas in the other three combinations of CO2 and water treatments, warming tended to decrease soil respiration over the growing season but increase it over the winter. There were no interactive effects on soil respiration among any two or three treatment factors irrespective of time period. Treatment\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil temperature and moisture together explained 49%, 44%, and 56% of the seasonal variations of soil respiration responses to elevated CO2, air warming, and changing precipitation, respectively. Additional indirect effects of seasonal dynamics and responses of plant growth on C substrate supply were indicated. Given the importance of indirect effects of the forcing factors and plant community dynamics on soil temperature, moisture, and C substrate, soil respiration response to climatic warming should not be represented in models as a simple temperature response function, and a more mechanistic representation including vegetation dynamics and substrate supply is needed.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-18", "title": "Co2balance Of Boreal, Temperate, And Tropical Forests Derived From A Global Database", "description": "AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific carbon budgets; to re\uffe2\uff80\uff90examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 \uffc2\uffb0C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "environment/Bioclimatology", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "01 natural sciences", "630", "SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals", "carbon cycle", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "carbon cycle; forest ecosystems; global database; gross primary productivity; net ecosystem productivity; net primary productivity", "net primary productivity", "global database", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ecology", "net ecosystem productivity", "forest ecosystems", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "CO2", "gross primary productivity", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt57t1t77c/qt57t1t77c.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01454.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-18", "title": "The Effect Of Soil Warming On Bulk Soil Vs. Rhizosphere Respiration", "description": "AbstractThere has been considerable debate on whether root/rhizosphere respiration or bulk soil respiration is more sensitive to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temperature changes. We investigated the response of belowground respiration to soil warming by 3 \uffc2\uffb0C above ambient in bare soil plots and plots planted with wheat and maize. Initially, belowground respiration responded more to the soil warming in bare soil plots than in planted plots. However, as the growing season progressed, a greater soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming response developed in the planted plots as the contribution of root/rhizosphere respiration to belowground respiration declined. A negative correlation was observed between the contribution of root/rhizosphere respiration to total belowground respiration and the magnitude of the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming response indicating that bulk soil respiration is more temperature sensitive than root/rhizosphere respiration. The dependence of root/rhizosphere respiration on substrate provision from photosynthesis is the most probable explanation for the observed lower temperature sensitivity of root/rhizosphere respiration. At harvest in late September, final crop biomass did not differ between the two soil temperature treatments in either the maize or wheat plots. Postharvest, flux measurements during the winter months indicated that the response of belowground respiration to the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming treatment increased in magnitude (response equated to a Q10 value of 5.7 compared with \uffe2\uff88\uffbc2.3 during the growing season). However, it appeared that this response was partly caused by a strong indirect effect of soil warming. When measurements were made at a common temperature, belowground respiration remained higher in the warmed subplots suggesting soil warming had maintained a more active microbial community through the winter months. It is proposed that any changes in winter temperatures, resulting from global warming, could alter the sink strength of terrestrial ecosystems considerably.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01454.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01454.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01454.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01454.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-17", "title": "Seventeen Years Of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Of Sour Orange Trees: Final Results", "description": "The long-term responses of trees to elevated CO2 are especially crucial (1) to mitigating the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase, (2) to determining the character of future forested natural ecosystems and their spread across the landscape, and (3) to determining the productivity of future agricultural tree crops. Therefore, a long-term CO2-enrichment experiment on sour orange trees was started in 1987, and the final results after 17 years are reported herein. Four sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown from seedling stage at 300lmolmol \ufffd 1 CO2 above ambient in open-top, clear-plastic-wall chambers at Phoenix, AZ. Four control trees were similarly grown at ambient CO2. All trees were supplied ample water and nutrients comparable with a commercial orchard. After a peak 2\u20104 years into the experiment, there was a productivity plateau at about a 70% enhancement of annual fruit and incremental wood production over the last several years of the experiment. When summed over the duration of the experiment, there was an overall enhancement of 70% of total biomass production. Much of the enhancement came from greater numbers of fruits produced, with no change in fruit size. Thicker trunks and branches and more branches and roots were produced, but the root/shoot ratio was unaffected. Also, there was almost no change in the elemental composition of the biomass produced, perhaps in part due to the minimal responsiveness of root-symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the treatment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-24", "title": "Carbon Mitigation By The Energy Crop, Miscanthus", "description": "AbstractBiomass crops mitigate carbon emissions by both fossil fuel substitution and sequestration of carbon in the soil. We grew Miscanthus x giganteus for 16 years at a site in southern Ireland to (i) compare methods of propagation, (ii) compare response to fertilizer application and quantify nutrient offtakes, (iii) measure long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term annual biomass yields, (iv) estimate carbon sequestration to the soil and (v) quantify the carbon mitigation by the crop. There was no significant difference in the yield between plants established from rhizome cuttings or by micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90propagation. Annual off\uffe2\uff80\uff90takes of N and P were easily met by soil reserves, but soil K reserves were low in unfertilized plots. Potassium deficiency was associated with lower harvestable yield. Yields increased for 5 years following establishment but after 10 years showed some decline which could not be accounted for by the climate driven growth model MISCANMOD. Measured yields were normalized to estimate both autumn (at first frost) and spring harvests (15 March of the subsequent year). Average autumn and spring yields over the 15 harvest years were 13.4\uffc2\uffb11.1 and 9.0\uffc2\uffb10.7\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83DW\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 respectively. Below ground biomass in February 2002 was 20.6\uffc2\uffb14.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83DW\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Miscanthus derived soil organic carbon sequestration detected by a change in 13C signal was 8.9\uffc2\uffb12.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over 15 years. We estimate total carbon mitigation by this crop over 15 years ranged from 5.2 to 7.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 depending on the harvest time.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01438.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-21", "title": "Ecosystem Responses To Water And Nitrogen Amendment In A California Grassland", "description": "AbstractThe world's ecosystems are experiencing simultaneous changes in the supply of multiple limiting resources. Two of these, water and nitrogen (N) can strongly limit grassland production and can affect community composition and biogeochemical cycles in different ways. Grassland ecosystems in California may be particularly vulnerable to current and predicted changes in precipitation and N deposition, and ecosystem responses to potential interactive effects of water and N are not well understood. Here, we show strong colimitation of plant production resulting from factorial addition of water and N. In addition, water and N addition in combination led to increased dominance of the two most abundant grass species, while N addition regardless of water availability led to decreased species diversity. Late season carbon (C) flux response to water addition depended on N. Only plots that received additional water, but not N, still showed net ecosystem C uptake at the end of the experiment. Our results suggest that grassland ecosystem response to N deposition will be strongly dependent on future precipitation patterns.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-11", "title": "Simulated Global Changes Alter Phosphorus Demand In Annual Grassland", "description": "AbstractIn the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment \uffe2\uff80\uff93 an annual grassland with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrate deposition, temperature, and precipitation \uffe2\uff80\uff93 we used six indices of phosphorus (P) limitation to test the hypothesis that global changes that increase net primary production (NPP) increase P demand or limitation. All indices indicated that nitrate deposition, the only factor that stimulated NPP, increased P demand or limitation: (1) soil phosphatase activity increased by 14%; (2) P concentration in green and (3) senescent leaves of the dominant grass genus, Avena, dropped by 40% and 44%, respectively; (4) N\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83P ratios in green and (5) senescent Avena widened by 99% and 161%, respectively; and (6) total aboveground plant P decreased by 17% with elevated nitrate deposition. The other three factors, which did not stimulate NPP, did not increase P demand: based on two indices, enhanced precipitation decreased P demand (11% decrease in phosphatase activity, 19% increase in total aboveground P), and there was no evidence that elevated CO2 or temperature altered P demand. In a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to assess the generality of P constraints on growth increases from global change factors, we found that six of 11 N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystems responded to N deposition with enhanced P limitation or demand, but did not detect significant effects of elevated CO2 or warming.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Duncan N. L. Menge, Christopher B. Field,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Nutrient Limitation And Nutrient-Driven Shifts In Plant Species Composition In A Species-Rich Fen Meadow", "description": "Abstract:Question: We studied the development and persistence of the effects of nutrient pulses on biomass production and species composition in a fen meadow.
Location: Nature reserve, central Netherlands, 5 m a.s.l.
Methods: Single pulse fertilization with N and P in a factorial design on an undrained central and a drained margin site in a species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich fen meadow (Cirsio dissecti\uffe2\uff80\uff90Molinietum). Biomass production and species composition were monitored during four years.
Results: At the central site, N addition boosted biomass production, but only during one year. The species composition was not changed. P fertilization increased the biomass production and changed the species composition from a vegetation dominated by Carex panicea to a grassland community with abundant Holcus lanatus, but not before the second year. At the margin site, P fertilization changed the species composition in a similar way, but biomass production was not increased. N fertilization had no effect. At both sites the P induced shift in species composition persisted for four years although the P effect declined during the experiment.
Conclusions: The biomass responses show that N was limiting in the central site. Another nutrient, besides N and P (probably K) must have been limiting in the marginal site. The fast decline of the N effect on biomass is ascribed to increased denitrification and biomass removal. The delay in the P effect on biomass and species composition and the persistence of the P effect on species composition are ascribed to fast immobilisation and subsequent slow release of fertilizer P in the peat soil. Recurrence of the P pulses is expected to cause permanent changes in species composition.
", "keywords": ["peat soils", "0106 biological sciences", "enrichment", "tundra", "availability", "netherlands", "fens", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "nitrogen", "diversity", "flooding", "vegetation", "mineral-nutrition", "phosphorus", "plant ecology", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "species diversity", "Aquatic Ecology", "nature reserves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "wild plants", "15. Life on land", "eutrophication", "community", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "gelderland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "van der Hoek, D., van Mierlo, A.J.E.M., van Groenendael, J.M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "Response Of Plant Species Richness And Primary Productivity In Shrublands Along A North-South Gradient In Europe To Seven Years Of Experimental Warming And Drought: Reductions In Primary Productivity In The Heat And Drought Year Of 2003", "description": "AbstractWe used a nonintrusive field experiment carried out at six sites \uffe2\uff80\uff93 Wales (UK), Denmark (DK), the Netherlands (NL), Hungary (HU), Sardinia (Italy \uffe2\uff80\uff93 IT), and Catalonia (Spain \uffe2\uff80\uff93 SP) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 along a climatic and latitudinal gradient to examine the response of plant species richness and primary productivity to warming and drought in shrubland ecosystems. The warming treatment raised the plot daily temperature by ca. 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, while the drought treatment led to a reduction in soil moisture at the peak of the growing season that ranged from 26% at the SP site to 82% in the NL site. During the 7 years the experiment lasted (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005), we used the pin\uffe2\uff80\uff90point method to measure the species composition of plant communities and plant biomass, litterfall, and shoot growth of the dominant plant species at each site. A significantly lower increase in the number of species pin\uffe2\uff80\uff90pointed per transect was found in the drought plots at the SP site, where the plant community was still in a process of recovering from a forest fire in 1994. No changes in species richness were found at the other sites, which were at a more mature and stable state of succession and, thus less liable to recruitment of new species. The relationship between annual biomass accumulation and temperature of the growing season was positive at the coldest site and negative at the warmest site. The warming treatment tended to increase the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) at the northern sites. The relationship between annual biomass accumulation and soil moisture during the growing season was not significant at the wettest sites, but was positive at the driest sites. The drought treatment tended to reduce the ANPP in the NL, HU, IT, and SP sites. The responses to warming were very strongly related to the Gaussen aridity index (stronger responses the lower the aridity), whereas the responses to drought were not. Changes in the annual aboveground biomass accumulation, litterfall, and, thus, the ANPP, mirrored the interannual variation in climate conditions: the most outstanding change was a decrease in biomass accumulation and an increase in litterfall at most sites during the abnormally hot year of 2003. Species richness also tended to decrease in 2003 at all sites except the cold and wet UK site. Species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific responses to warming were found in shoot growth: at the SP site, Globularia alypum was not affected, while the other dominant species, Erica multiflora, grew 30% more; at the UK site, Calluna vulgaris tended to grow more in the warming plots, while Empetrum nigrum tended to grow less. Drought treatment decreased plant growth in several studied species, although there were some species such as Pinus halepensis at the SP site or C. vulgaris at the UK site that were not affected. The magnitude of responses to warming and drought thus depended greatly on the differences between sites, years, and species and these multiple plant responses may be expected to have consequences at ecosystem and community level. Decreases in biodiversity and the increase in E. multiflora growth at the SP site as a response to warming challenge the assumption that sensitivity to warming may be less well developed at more southerly latitudes; likewise, the fact that one of the studied shrublands presented negative ANPP as a response to the 2003 heat wave also challenges the hypothesis that future climate warming will lead to an enhancement of plant growth and carbon sequestration in temperate ecosystems. Extreme events may thus change the general trend of increased productivity in response to warming in the colder sites.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Onada de calor", "arctic ecosystems", "Matorral", "drought", "Biomasa vegetal", "heathland", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Sequ\u00eda", "Productividad primaria neta", "Forest-steppe", "Gradiente Europea", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "net primary productivity", "evergreen mediterranean forest", "species richness", "litterfall", "biodiversity", "European gradient", "Plant growth", "2. Zero hunger", "Global warming", "terrestrial ecosystems", "phillyrea-latifolia", "Biodiversity", "Sequera", "Crecimiento de las plantas", "6. Clean water", "Net primary productivity", "climate change", "Brezal", "Biomassa vegetal", "climate-change", "heat wave", "Bosc-estepa", "environmental-change", "Litterfall", "Shrubland", "Biodiversidad", "soil", "Riquesa d'esp\u00e8cies", "forest-steppe", "Heat wave", "Bruguerar", "carbon-cycle", "Riqueza de especies", "quercus-ilex", "14. Life underwater", "plant biomass", "Hojarasca", "Plant biomass", "Drought", "Escalfament global", "plant growth", "15. Life on land", "biodiversity; climate change; global warming; plant community; primary production; shrubland; species richness", " Benelux; Catalonia; Central Europe; Denmark; Eurasia; Europe; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Northern Europe; Sardinia; Scandinavia; Southern Europe; Spain; United Kingdom; Wales; Western Europe", " Calluna; Calluna vulgaris; Empetrum nigrum; Erica multiflora; Globularia alypum; Pinus halepensis; Biodiversity; Climate change; Drought; European gradient; Forest-steppe; Global warming; Heat wave; Heathland; Litterfall; Net primary productivity; Plant biomass; Plant growth; Shrubland; Species richness", "Gradient Europea", "Biodiversitat", "Creixement de les plantes", "Productivitat prim\u00e0ria neta", "13. Climate action", "cistus-albidus", "Calentamiento global", "Bosque-estepa", "shrubland", "Fullaraca", "Heathland", "Species richness", "Ola de calor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "Climate Change Effects On Organic Matter Decomposition Rates In Ecosystems From The Maritime Antarctic And Falkland Islands", "description": "AbstractAntarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe. We investigated the responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, using two study sites in the Antarctic Peninsula region (Anchorage Island, 67\uffc2\uffb0S; Signy Island, 61\uffc2\uffb0S), and contrasted the responses found with those at the cool temperate Falkland Islands (52\uffc2\uffb0S). Our approach consisted of two complementary methods: (1) Laboratory measurements of decomposition at different temperatures (2, 6 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) of plant material and soil organic matter from all three locations. (2) Field measurements at all three locations on the decomposition of soil organic matter, plant material and cellulose, both under natural conditions and under experimental warming (about 0.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) achieved using open top chambers. Higher temperatures led to higher organic matter breakdown in the laboratory studies, indicating that decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems is likely to increase with increasing soil temperatures. However, both laboratory and field studies showed that decomposition was more strongly influenced by local substratum characteristics (especially soil N availability) and plant functional type composition than by large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale temperature differences. The very small responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in the field (experimental temperature increase < 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) compared with the laboratory (experimental increases of 4 or 8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) shows that substantial warming is required before significant effects can be detected.
", "keywords": ["microbial breakdown", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "environmental change", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-30", "title": "Response Of Soil Surface Co2 Flux In A Boreal Forest To Ecosystem Warming", "description": "AbstractSoil surface carbon dioxide (CO2) flux (RS) was measured for 2 years at the Boreal Soil and Air Warming Experiment site near Thompson, MB, Canada. The experimental design was a complete random block design that consisted of four replicate blocks, with each block containing a 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83m \uffc3\uff97 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83m control and heated plot. Black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] was the overstory species and Epilobium angustifolium was the dominant understory. Soil temperature was maintained (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) above the control soil temperature using electric cables inside water filled polyethylene tubing for each heated plot. Air inside a 7.3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter chamber, centered in the soil warming plot, contained approximately nine black spruce trees was heated \uffe2\uff88\uffbc5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C above control ambient air temperature allowing for the testing of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90only warming and soil+air warming. Soil surface CO2 flux (RS) was positively correlated (P < 0.0001) to soil temperature at 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. Soil surface CO2 flux (RS) was 24% greater in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90only warming than the control in 2004, but was only 11% greater in 2005, while RS in the soil+air warming treatments was 31% less than the control in 2004 and 23% less in 2005. Live fine root mass (< 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm diameter) was less in the heated than control treatments in 2004 and statistically less (P < 0.01) in 2005. Similar root mass between the two heated treatments suggests that different heating methods (soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90only vs. soil+air warming) can affect the rate of decomposition.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01532.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-04", "title": "Increased Night Temperature Reduces The Stimulatory Effect Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration On Methane Emission From Rice Paddy Soil", "description": "AbstractTo determine how elevated night temperature interacts with carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) to affect methane (CH4) emission from rice paddy soil, we conducted a pot experiment using four controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90environment chambers and imposed a combination of two [CO2] levels (ambient: 380\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm; elevated: 680\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) and two night temperatures (22 and 32 \uffc2\uffb0C). The day temperature was maintained at 32 \uffc2\uffb0C. Rice (cv. IR72) plants were grown outside until the early\uffe2\uff80\uff90reproductive growth stage and then transferred to the chambers. After onset of the treatment, day and night CH4 fluxes were measured every week. The CH4 fluxes changed significantly with the growth stage, with the largest fluxes occurring around the heading stage in all treatments. The total CH4 emission during the treatment period was significantly increased by both elevated [CO2] (P=0.03) and elevated night temperature (P<0.01). Elevated [CO2] increased CH4 emission by 3.5% and 32.2% under high and low night temperature conditions, respectively. Elevated [CO2] increased the net dry weight of rice plants by 12.7% and 38.4% under high and low night temperature conditions, respectively. These results imply that increasing night temperature reduces the stimulatory effect of elevated [CO2] on both CH4 emission and rice growth. The CH4 emission during the day was larger than at night even under the high\uffe2\uff80\uff90night\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatment (i.e. a constant temperature all day). This difference became larger after the heading stage. We observed significant correlations between the night respiration and daily CH4 flux (P<0.01). These results suggest that net plant photosynthesis contributes greatly to CH4 emission and that increasing night temperature reduces the stimulatory effect of elevated [CO2] on CH4 emission from rice paddy soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01532.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01532.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01532.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01532.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-23", "title": "Advanced Snowmelt Affects Vegetative Growth And Sexual Reproduction Of Vaccinium Myrtillus In A Sub-Alpine Heath", "description": "AbstractQuestionIn cold regions, snow cover duration is expected to decrease, especially in spring, as a consequence of climate warming. We investigated effects of changes in timing of snowmelt in relation to weather conditions on Vaccinium myrtillus, a dominant shrub in heath vegetation. We tested the hypothesis that advanced snowmelt will enhance shrub growth in years with few frosts, but will reduce shrub growth in years with frequent frosts.
LocationA sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heath in the Northern Apennines (Italy).
MethodsWe carried out two experiments. In the main experiment, snow was added to (+S) or removed from (\uffe2\uff88\uff92S) experimental plots in spring of three growing seasons (2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932006), with a mean delay in snowmelt timing of about 2\uffc2\uffa0wk from \uffe2\uff88\uff92S to +S. In a companion experiment, we simulated a freezing event in late spring 2004.
ResultsDuring the snowmelt period, the \uffe2\uff88\uff92S plants experienced 6\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 more frost events, compared with +S and unmanipulated controls (C) in 2004 and 2005, but not in 2006. In the first 2\uffc2\uffa0yr leaf production, leaf expansion and flowering were all significantly reduced in the \uffe2\uff88\uff92S plants, while shoot elongation was unaffected. In the companion experiment with artificial frost V.\uffc2\uffa0myrtillus presented similar responses. Conversely, the manipulations of snow did not affect either the hydric or nutrient status of plants and soils.
ConclusionsThe results overall support our hypothesis, as shown by the differing effects of snow depth and timing of melt on V.\uffc2\uffa0myrtillus in the 3\uffc2\uffa0yr. Spring frost was the cause of reduced growth and reduced flower production in 2004 and 2005. However, advanced snowmelt will not decrease the cover of this dominant species. Therefore, the structure and species dominance patterns in sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heath are not expected to change significantly in response to reduced snow cover. Support for this conclusion is provided by the capacity of V.\uffc2\uffa0myrtillus to recover vegetatively from frost injury through stimulated shoot elongation, and by the low importance of sexual reproduction for propagating dominant ericaceous shrubs in closed heath communities.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "13. Climate action", "C; 13; Climate change; Flowering; Frost; N; 15; Nutrient; Snow manipulation; Spring warming; Water;", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-24", "title": "Simulated Chronic Nitrogen Deposition Increases Carbon Storage In Northern Temperate Forests", "description": "AbstractHigh levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in Europe and North America were maintained throughout the 1990s, and global N deposition is expected to increase by a factor of 2.5 over the next century. Available soil N limits primary production in many terrestrial ecosystems, and some computer simulation models have predicted that increasing atmospheric N deposition may result in greater terrestrial carbon (C) storage in woody biomass. However, empirical evidence demonstrating widespread increases in woody biomass C storage due to atmospheric N deposition is uncommon. Increased C storage in soil organic matter due to chronic N inputs has rarely been reported and is often not considered in computer simulation models of N deposition effects. Since 1994, we have experimentally simulated chronic N deposition by adding 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921to four different northern hardwood forests, which span a 500\uffe2\uff80\uff83km geographic gradient in Michigan. Each year we measured tree growth. In 2004, we also examined soil C content to a depth of 70\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm. When we compared the control treatment with the NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92deposition treatment after a decade of experimentation, ecosystem C storage had significantly increased in both woody biomass (500\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) organic matter (690\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). The increase in surface soil C storage was apparently driven by altered rates of organic matter decomposition, rather than an increase in detrital inputs to soil. Our results, for study locations stretching across hundreds of kilometers, support the hypothesis that chronic N deposition may increase C storage in northern forests, potentially contributing to a sink for anthropogenic CO2in the northern Hemisphere.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01503.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-13", "title": "Nitrogen Addition Reduces Soil Respiration In A Mature Tropical Forest In Southern China", "description": "AbstractResponse of soil respiration (CO2 emission) to simulated nitrogen (N) deposition in a mature tropical forest in southern China was studied from October 2005 to September 2006. The objective was to test the hypothesis that N addition would reduce soil respiration in N saturated tropical forests. Static chamber and gas chromatography techniques were used to quantify the soil respiration, following four\uffe2\uff80\uff90levels of N treatments (Control, no N addition; Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; and High\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 experimental inputs), which had been applied for 26 months before and continued throughout the respiration measurement period. Results showed that soil respiration exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rates found in the warm and wet growing season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and the lowest rates in the dry dormant season (December\uffe2\uff80\uff93February). Soil respiration rates showed a significant positive exponential relationship with soil temperature, whereas soil moisture only affect soil respiration at dry conditions in the dormant season. Annual accumulative soil respiration was 601\uffc2\uffb130\uffe2\uff80\uff83g CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the Controls. Annual mean soil respiration rate in the Control, Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90N treatments (69\uffc2\uffb13, 72\uffc2\uffb13 and 63\uffc2\uffb11\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively) did not differ significantly, whereas it was 14% lower in the High\uffe2\uff80\uff90N treatment (58\uffc2\uffb13\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared with the Control treatment, also the temperature sensitivity of respiration, Q10 was reduced from 2.6 in the Control with 2.2 in the High\uffe2\uff80\uff90N treatment. The decrease in soil respiration occurred in the warm and wet growing season and were correlated with a decrease in soil microbial activities and in fine root biomass in the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plots. Our results suggest that response of soil respiration to atmospheric N deposition in tropical forests is a decline, but it may vary depending on the rate of N deposition.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01503.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01503.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01503.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01503.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-04", "title": "Shrub Encroachment In North American Grasslands: Shifts In Growth Form Dominance Rapidly Alters Control Of Ecosystem Carbon Inputs", "description": "AbstractShrub encroachment into grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated biomes is occurring globally due to a variety of anthropogenic activities, but the consequences for carbon (C) inputs, storage and cycling remain unclear. We studied eight North American graminoid\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystems invaded by shrubs, from arctic tundra to Atlantic coastal dunes, to quantify patterns and controls of C inputs via aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Across a fourfold range in mean annual precipitation (MAP), a key regulator of ecosystem C input at the continental scale, shrub invasion decreased ANPP in xeric sites, but dramatically increased ANPP (>1000\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) at high MAP, where shrub patches maintained extraordinarily high leaf area. Concurrently, the relationship between MAP and ANPP shifted from being nonlinear in grasslands to linear in shrublands. Thus, relatively abrupt (<50 years) shifts in growth form dominance, without changes in resource quantity, can fundamentally alter continental\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale pattern of C inputs and their control by MAP in ways that exceed the direct effects of climate change alone.
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