{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-11", "title": "Microbial Activity And Soil Respiration Under Nitrogen Addition In Alaskan Boreal Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate warming could increase rates of soil organic matter turnover and nutrient mineralization, particularly in northern high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems. However, the effects of increasing nutrient availability on microbial processes in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To determine how soil microbes respond to nutrient enrichment, we measured microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, soil respiration, and the community composition of active fungi in nitrogen (N) fertilized soils of a boreal forest in central Alaska. We predicted that N addition would suppress fungal activity relative to bacteria, but stimulate carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities and soil respiration. Instead, we found no evidence for a suppression of fungal activity, although fungal sporocarp production declined significantly, and the relative abundance of two fungal taxa changed dramatically with N fertilization. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation did not respond to fertilization, nor did the ratio of fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, microbial biomass C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios narrowed significantly from 16.0 \uffc2\uffb1 1.4 to 5.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3 with fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased the activity of a cellulose\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme and suppressed the activities of protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes but had no effect on soil respiration rates or 14C signatures. These results indicate that N fertilization alters microbial community composition and allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil respiration. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for strong microbial feedbacks to the boreal C cycle under climate warming or N addition. However, organic N cycling may decline due to a reduction in the activity of enzymes that target nitrogenous compounds.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nucleotide analog", "Ecology", "microbial biomass", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biological Sciences", "soil respiration", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg6p7gm/qt5dg6p7gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-20", "title": "Soil Microbial Biogeography in a Changing World: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining key soil processes associated with litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity and are thus integral to human well-being. Recent technological advances have exponentially increased our knowledge concerning the global ecological distributions of microbial communities across space and time and have provided evidence for their contribution to ecosystem functions. However, major knowledge gaps in soil biogeography remain to be addressed over the coming years as technology and research questions continue to evolve.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "future perspectives", "0303 health sciences", "soil microbial biogeography", "recent advances", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Minireview"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00803-19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mSystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/msystems.00803-19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02327.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-05", "title": "Fungal Community Responses To Precipitation", "description": "Understanding how fungal communities are affected by precipitation is an essential aspect of predicting soil functional responses to future climate change and the consequences of those responses for the soil carbon cycle. We tracked fungal abundance, fungal community composition, and soil carbon across 4 years in long-term field manipulations of rainfall in northern California. Fungi responded directly to rainfall levels, with more abundant, diverse, and consistent communities predominating under drought conditions, and less abundant, less diverse, and more variable communities emerging during wetter periods and in rain-addition treatments. Soil carbon storage itself did not vary with rainfall amendments, but increased decomposition rates foreshadow longer-term losses of soil carbon under conditions of extended seasonal rainfall. The repeated recovery of fungal diversity and abundance during periodic drought events suggests that species with a wide range of environmental tolerances coexist in this community, consistent with a storage effect in soil fungi. Increased diversity during dry periods further suggests that drought stress moderates competition among fungal taxa. Based on the responses observed here, we suggest that there may be a relationship between the timescale at which soil microbial communities experience natural environmental fluctuations and their ability to respond to future environmental change.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02327.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02327.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02327.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02327.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01562.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-07", "title": "Altered Patterns Of Soil Carbon Substrate Usage And Heterotrophic Respiration In A Pine Forest With Elevated Co2and N Fertilization", "description": "Abstract<p>To assess how heterotrophic microorganisms may alter their activities and thus their CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C return to the atmosphere with elevated CO2and changing N availability, we examined soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics at the Duke Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) site, after N fertilizer was applied. We measured heterotrophic respiration during early and late stages of SOM mineralization in soil incubations to capture activity on relatively labile and refractory SOM pools. We also measured\uffce\uffb413C of respired CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) during early mineralization stages to track the microbial groups involved in substrate use. We calculated, a measure of\uffce\uffb413CPLFAnormalized by respired\uffce\uffb413CO2, to assess microbial function with C substrates formed with elevated CO2and altered N availability, via the distinct\uffce\uffb413C of the supplemental CO2. We also quantified extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) during labile and recalcitrant SOM mineralization. Early in the incubations, increased N availability reduced heterotrophic CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C release. By the later stages of SOM mineralization, elevated CO2soils with fertilization had respired 72% of the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C respired by all other soils.values suggest that fungi in elevated CO2plots took up C substrates possessing the\uffce\uffb413C signature of recently formed SOM, and added N promoted the activity of Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90negative bacteria and reduced that of Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria, particularly actinomycetes. Consistent with this, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of peptidoglycan and chitin, compounds produced by Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria and fungi, respectively, experienced a decline in activity with N fertilization. If patterns observed in this study with N additions are reversed with progressive N limitation at this site, actinomycetes and other Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive bacteria responsible for mineralizing relatively recalcitrant substrates may experience increases in their activity. Such shifts in microbial functioning may result in increased turnover of, and C release from, relatively decay\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant material.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01562.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01562.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01562.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01562.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-27", "title": "Warming And Elevated Co2affect The Relationship Between Seed Mass, Germinability And Seedling Growth In Austrodanthonia Caespitosa, A Dominant Australian Grass", "description": "Abstract<p>While the influence of elevated CO2 on the production, mass and quality of plant seeds has been well studied, the effect of warming on these characters is largely unknown; and there is practically no information on possible interactions between warming and elevated CO2, despite the importance of these characters in population maintenance and recovery. Here, we present the impacts of elevated CO2 and warming, both in isolation and combination, on seed production, mass, quality, germination success and subsequent seedling growth of Austrodanthonia caespitosa, a dominant temperate C3 grass from Australia, using seeds collected from the TasFACE experiment. Mean seed production and mass were not significantly affected by either elevated CO2 or warming, but elevated CO2 more than doubled the proportion of very light, inviable seeds (P &lt; 0.05) and halved mean seed N concentration (P &lt; 0.04) and N content (P &lt; 0.03). The dependence of seed germination success on seed mass was affected by an elevated CO2\uffc3\uff97 warming interaction (P &lt; 0.004), such that maternal exposure to elevated CO2 or warming reduced germination if applied in isolation, but not when applied in combination. Maternal effects were retained when seedlings were grown in a common environment for 6 weeks, with seedlings descended from warmed plants 20% smaller (P &lt; 0.008) with a higher root\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83shoot ratio (P &lt; 0.001) than those from unwarmed plants. Given that both elevated CO2 and warming reduced seed mass, quality, germinability or seedling growth, it is likely that global change will reduce population growth or distribution of this dominant species.</p>", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "germination", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "grasslands", "carbon dioxide", "seeds", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01613.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of A Stand-Replacing Fire On Ecosystem Co2 Exchange Of A Ponderosa Pine Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the southwestern United States are a mosaic of stands where undisturbed forests are carbon sinks, and stands recovering from wildfires may be sources of carbon to the atmosphere for decades after the fire. However, the relative magnitude of these sinks and sources has never been directly measured in this region, limiting our understanding of the role of fire in regional and US carbon budgets. We used the eddy covariance technique to measure the CO2 exchange of two forest sites, one burned by fire in 1996, and an unburned forest. The fire was a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing burn that killed all trees. Ten years after the fire, the burned site was still a source of CO2 to the atmosphere [109\uffc2\uffb16 (SEM)\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921], whereas the unburned site was a sink (\uffe2\uff88\uff92164\uffc2\uffb123\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The fire reduced total carbon storage and shifted ecosystem carbon allocation from the forest floor and living biomass to necromass. Annual ecosystem respiration was lower at the burned site (480\uffc2\uffb15\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than at the unburned site (710\uffc2\uffb154\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), but the difference in gross primary production was even larger (372\uffc2\uffb113\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the burned site and 858\uffc2\uffb137\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921at the unburned site). Water availability controlled carbon flux in the warm season at both sites, and the burned site was a source of carbon in all months, even during the summer, when wet and warm conditions favored respiration more than photosynthesis. Our study shows that carbon losses following stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fires in ponderosa pine forests can persist for decades due to slow recovery of the gross primary production. Because fire exclusion is becoming increasingly difficult in dry western forests, a large US forest carbon sink could shift to a decadal\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale carbon source.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01613.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01613.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01613.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01613.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Repeated Summer Drought On Soil Carbon Efflux In Hydric And Mesic Heathland Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Current predictions of climate change include altered rainfall patterns throughout Europe, continental USA and areas such as the Amazon. The effect of this on soil carbon efflux remains unclear although several modelling studies have highlighted the potential importance of drought for carbon storage. To test the importance of drought, and more importantly repeated drought year\uffe2\uff80\uff90on\uffe2\uff80\uff90year, we used automated retractable curtains to exclude rain and produce repeated summer drought in three heathlands at varying moisture conditions. This included a hydric system limited by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90excess (in the UK) and two mesic systems with seasonal water limitation in Denmark (DK) and the Netherlands (NL). The experimental rainfall reductions were set to reflect single year droughts observed in the last decade with exclusion of rain for 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 months of the year resulting in a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9326% reduction in annual rainfall and 23\uffe2\uff80\uff9338% reduction in mean soil moisture during the drought period. Unexpectedly, sustained reduction in soil moisture over winter (between drought periods) was also observed at all three sites, along with a reduction in the maximum water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity attained. Three hypotheses are discussed which may have contributed to this lack of recovery in soil moisture: hydrophobicity of soil organic matter, increased water use by plants and increased cracking of the soil. The responses of soil respiration to this change in soil moisture varied among the sites: decreased rates were observed at the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited NL and DK sites whilst they increased at the UK site. Reduced sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature was observed at soil moisture contents above 55% at the UK site and below 20% and 13% at the NL and DK sites, respectively. Soil respiration rates recovered to predrought levels in the NL and DK sites during the winter re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting period that indicates any change in soil C storage due to changes in soil C efflux may be short lived in these mesic systems. In contrast, in the hydric UK site after 2 years of drought treatment, the persistent reduction in soil moisture throughout the year resulted in a year\uffe2\uff80\uff90round increase in soil respiration flux, a response that accelerated over time to 40% above control levels. These findings suggest that carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils with high organic matter content may act as a significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere following repeated summer drought. Nonrecovery of soil moisture and a persistent increase in soil respiration may be the primary mechanism underlying the reported substantial losses of soil carbon from UK organic soils over the last 20 years. These findings indicate that the water status of an ecosystem will be a critical factor to consider in determining the impact of drought on the soil carbon fluxes and storage.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "organic soils", "VULCAN project", "drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "551", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-27", "title": "Soil Carbon Fluxes And Stocks In A Great Lakes Forest Chronosequence", "description": "Abstract<p>We measured soil respiration and soil carbon stocks, as well as micrometeorological variables in a chronosequence of deciduous forests in Wisconsin and Michigan. The chronosequence consisted of (1) four recently disturbed stands, including a clearcut and repeatedly burned stand (burn), a blowdown and partial salvage stand (blowdown), a clearcut with sparse residual overstory (residual), and a regenerated stand from a complete clearcut (regenerated); (2) four young aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in average age of 10 years; (3) four intermediate aspen stands in average age of 26 years; (4) four mature northern hardwood stands in average age of 73 years; and (5) an old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth stand approximately 350\uffe2\uff80\uff90years old. We fitted site\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models and used continuous measurements of soil temperature to estimate cumulative soil respiration for the growing season of 2005 (days 133\uffe2\uff80\uff93295). Cumulative soil respiration in the growing season was estimated to be 513, 680, 747, 747, 794, 802, 690, and 571\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in the burn, blowdown, residual, regenerated, young, intermediate, mature, and old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth stands, respectively. The measured apparent temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was the highest in the regenerated stand, and declined from the young stands to the old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth. Both, cumulative soil respiration and basal soil respiration at 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C, increased during stand establishment, peaked at intermediate age, and then decreased with age. Total soil carbon at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm initially decreased after harvest, and increased after stands established. The old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth stand accumulated carbon in deep layers of soils, but not in the surface soils. Our study suggests a complexity of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil carbon dynamics, both in vertical depth and temporal scale.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01572.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-15", "title": "The Sensitivity Of Annual Grassland Carbon Cycling To The Quantity And Timing Of Rainfall", "description": "Abstract<p>Global climate models predict significant changes to the rainfall regimes of the grassland biome, where C cycling is particularly sensitive to the amount and timing of precipitation. We explored the effects of both natural interannual rainfall variability and experimental rainfall additions on net C storage and loss in annual grasslands. Soil respiration and net primary productivity (NPP) were measured in treatment and control plots over four growing seasons (water years, or WYs) that varied in wet\uffe2\uff80\uff90season length and the quantity of rainfall. In treatment plots, we increased total rainfall by 50% above ambient levels and simulated one early\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and one late\uffe2\uff80\uff90season storm. The early\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and late\uffe2\uff80\uff90season rain events significantly increased soil respiration for 2\uffe2\uff80\uff934 weeks after wetting, while augmentation of wet\uffe2\uff80\uff90season rainfall had no significant effect. Interannual variability in precipitation had large and significant effects on C cycling. We observed a significant positive relationship between annual rainfall and aboveground NPP across the study (P=0.01, r2=0.69). Changes in the seasonal timing of rainfall significantly affected soil respiration. Abundant rainfall late in the wet season in WY 2004, a year with average total rainfall, led to greater net ecosystem C losses due to a \uffe2\uff88\uffbc50% increase in soil respiration relative to other years. Our results suggest that C cycling in annual grasslands will be less sensitive to changes in rainfall quantity and more affected by altered seasonal timing of rainfall, with a longer or later wet season resulting in significant C losses from annual grasslands.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01572.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01572.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01572.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01572.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01605.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-27", "title": "Changes In Grassland Ecosystem Function Due To Extreme Rainfall Events: Implications For Responses To Climate Change", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate change is causing measurable changes in rainfall patterns, and will likely cause increases in extreme rainfall events, with uncertain implications for key processes in ecosystem function and carbon cycling. We examined how variation in rainfall total quantity (Q), the interval between rainfall events (I), and individual event size (SE) affected soil water content (SWC) and three aspects of ecosystem function: leaf photosynthetic carbon gain (), aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and soil respiration (). We utilized rainout shelter\uffe2\uff80\uff90covered mesocosms (2.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83m3) containing assemblages of tallgrass prairie grasses and forbs. These were hand watered with 16 I\uffc3\uff97Q treatment combinations, using event sizes from 4 to 53\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm. Increasing Q by 250% (400\uffe2\uff80\uff931000\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) increased mean soil moisture and all three processes as expected, but only by 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9355% (P\uffe2\uff89\uffa40.004), suggesting diminishing returns in ecosystem function as Q increased. Increasing I (from 3 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83days between rainfall inputs) caused both positive () and negative () changes in ecosystem processes (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9370%, P\uffe2\uff89\uffa40.01), within and across levels of Q, indicating that I strongly influenced the effects of Q, and shifted the system towards increased net carbon uptake. Variation in SE at shorter I produced greater response in soil moisture and ecosystem processes than did variation in SE at longer I, suggesting greater stability in ecosystem function at longer I and a priming effect at shorter I. Significant differences in ANPP and  between treatments differing in I and Q but sharing the same SE showed that the prevailing pattern of rainfall influenced the responses to a given event size. Grassland ecosystem responses to extreme rainfall patterns expected with climate change are, therefore, likely to be variable, depending on how I, Q, and SE combine, but will likely result in changes in ecosystem carbon cycling.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01605.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01605.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01605.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01605.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Warming Increases Aboveground Plant Biomass And C Stocks In Vascular-Plant-Dominated Antarctic Tundra", "description": "Abstract<p>We passively warmed tundra on the Antarctic Peninsula over four growing seasons and assessed its effect on dry mass and C and N stocks associated with the vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis (a cushion\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming forb) and Deschampsia antarctica (a tussock grass), and mosses. Temperature treatments involved a warmed treatment that raised diurnal and diel canopy air temperatures by 2.3 and 1.3 \uffc2\uffb0C, respectively, and a near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient temperature treatment that raised diurnal and diel temperatures by 0.2 \uffc2\uffb0C. These two different temperature regimes were achieved by wrapping filters around the frames to different extents and were nested within three UV treatments that filtered different solar UV wavebands. The experiment also included an ambient control treatment (unfiltered frames), and supplemental water and fertilizer treatments (applied to unfiltered frames). After four growing seasons, we collected cores of each vascular plant species and assessed the mass and C and N content of the aboveground current\uffe2\uff80\uff90year biomass, the litter layer (which included nongreen live stems), and the organic soil horizon (which included roots). The thin nature of the organic soil horizon allowed us to sample this complete horizon and estimate near\uffe2\uff80\uff90total ecosystem C and N stocks. A comparison of the warmed and near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient temperature treatments found that warming led to greater aboveground biomass of C. quitensis, and more C in the aboveground biomass of both vascular plant species. Warming resulted in lower N concentrations of the aboveground biomass of both species. The water use efficiency of both species was greater under warming, based on their higher \uffce\uffb413C values. The mass of the litter layer under C. quitensis was greater under warming, and this layer contained more C and N and had a higher C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio. The mass of the organic soil horizon under both species was greater under warming, and this horizon also contained more C and N. Warming also changed the species composition of the plant community \uffe2\uff80\uff93 cover of C. quitensis increased while that of mosses declined. Warming resulted in the input of biomass into the system that had greater C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios (and was likely more recalcitrant to decomposition) because (1) warming increased the C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio of the biomass produced by both vascular plant species, (2) these inputs increased with warming because of greater biomass production, and (3) increases in C. quitensis cover led to greater biomass inputs by this species and its biomass had a greater C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio than D. antarctica. Water or fertilizer supplements had few effects on aboveground biomass or C and N concentrations or pools, consistent with the relatively wet maritime climate and high soil nutrient levels of this system. Total C pools in the aboveground biomass, litter, and organic soil horizon were greater under warming. Warmed plots contained from 272 to 319\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 more C than plots under near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient temperatures, corresponding to a 23\uffe2\uff80\uff9334% increase in ecosystem C.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Warming And Drought Alter C And N Concentration, Allocation And Accumulation In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Abstract<p>We investigated the effects of warming and drought on C and N concentrations, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and C and N accumulation in different ecosystem compartments. We conducted a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005) field experiment to simulate the climate conditions projected by IPCC models for the coming decades in a Mediterranean shrubland. We studied the two dominant species, Globularia alypum and Erica multiflora, and an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing species, Dorycnium pentaphyllum, also abundant in this shrubland. Warming (1\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) decreased N leaf concentrations by 25% and increased N stem concentrations by 40% in G. alypum. Although warming changed the available ammonium in soil in some seasons, it did not increase total soil N contents. Drought (19% average reduction in soil moisture) decreased leaf N concentrations in the two dominant shrub species, E. multiflora and G. alypum by 16% and 19%, respectively, and increased stem N concentrations by 56% and 40%, respectively. Neither warming nor drought changed the leaf N concentrations in the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing species D. pentaphyllum, although warming increased stem N concentration by 9%. In G. alypum, the increase of stem N concentrations contributed to the observed increase of N accumulation in stem biomass in drought treatments with respect to control plots (8\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Neither warming nor drought changed NUE in the period 1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005. Warming increased soil organic C relative to drought. The effects of warming and drought on C and N concentrations, on N accumulation and on leaf/stem N distribution were not the result of dilution or concentration effects produced by changes in biomass accumulation. Other factors such as the changes in soil N availability, photosynthetic capacity, and plant internal C and N remobilization must be involved. These changes which differed depending on the species and the plant tissue show that the climate change projected for the coming decades will have significant effects on the C and N cycle and stoichiometry, with probable implications for ecosystem structure and function, such as changes in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93herbivore relationships, decomposition rates or community species composition.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "warming", "Dorycnium pentaphyllum", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "Erica multiflora", "Sequ\u00eda", "Matorral mediterr\u00e1neo", "NUE", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "Sequera", "Escalfament", "Calentamiento", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "N", "6. Clean water", "Globularia alypum", "Mediterranean shrubland", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Warming", "C/N", "Matoll mediterrani"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01665.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-13", "title": "Ch4emission With Differences In Atmospheric Co2enrichment And Rice Cultivars In A Japanese Paddy Soil", "description": "Abstract<p>A pot experiment was conducted to investigate CH4 emissions from a sandy paddy soil as influenced by rice cultivars and atmospheric CO2 elevation. The experiment with two CO2 levels, 370\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (ambient) and 570\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (elevated), was performed in a climatron, located at the National Institute for Agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan. Four rice cultivars were tested in this experiment, including IR65598, IR72, Dular and Koshihikari. Tiller number, root length and grain yield were clearly larger under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2. IR72 and Dular showed significantly higher tiller number, root length and grain yield than Koshihikari and IR65598. Average daily CH4 fluxes under elevated CO2 were significantly larger by 10.9\uffe2\uff80\uff9323.8% than those under ambient CO2, and varied with the cultivars in the sequence Dular \uffe2\uff89\uffa7 IR72&gt;IR65598 \uffe2\uff89\uffa7 Koshihikari. Dissolved organic C (DOC) content in the soil was obviously higher under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2 and differed among the cultivars, in the sequence IR72&gt;Dular&gt;Koshihikari&gt;IR65598. The differences in average daily CH4 fluxes between CO2 levels and among the cultivars were related to different root exudation as DOC content, root length and tiller number. This study indicated that Koshihikari should be a potential cultivar for mitigating CH4 emission and simultaneously keeping stable grain yield, because this cultivar emitted lowest CH4 emission and produced medium grain yield.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01665.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01665.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01665.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01665.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01661.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-13", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Wildfire And Permafrost On Microbial Communities And Soil Processes In An Alaskan Black Spruce Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Boreal forests contain significant quantities of soil carbon that may be oxidized to CO2 given future increases in climate warming and wildfire behavior. At the ecosystem scale, decomposition and heterotrophic respiration are strongly controlled by temperature and moisture, but we questioned whether changes in microbial biomass, activity, or community structure induced by fire might also affect these processes. We particularly wanted to understand whether postfire reductions in microbial biomass could affect rates of decomposition. Additionally, we compared the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of wildfire to the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of climate warming and permafrost decline. We compared soil microbial communities between control and recently burned soils that were located in areas with and without permafrost near Delta Junction, AK. In addition to soil physical variables, we quantified changes in microbial biomass, fungal biomass, fungal community composition, and C cycling processes (phenol oxidase enzyme activity, lignin decomposition, and microbial respiration). Five years following fire, organic surface horizons had lower microbial biomass, fungal biomass, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations compared with control soils. Reductions in soil fungi were associated with reductions in phenol oxidase activity and lignin decomposition. Effects of wildfire on microbial biomass and activity in the mineral soil were minor. Microbial community composition was affected by wildfire, but the effect was greater in nonpermafrost soils. Although the presence of permafrost increased soil moisture contents, effects on microbial biomass and activity were limited to mineral soils that showed lower fungal biomass but higher activity compared with soils without permafrost. Fungal abundance and moisture were strong predictors of phenol oxidase enzyme activity in soil. Phenol oxidase enzyme activity, in turn, was linearly related to both 13C lignin decomposition and microbial respiration in incubation studies. Taken together, these results indicate that reductions in fungal biomass in postfire soils and lower soil moisture in nonpermafrost soils reduced the potential of soil heterotrophs to decompose soil carbon. Although in the field increased rates of microbial respiration can be observed in postfire soils due to warmer soil conditions, reductions in fungal biomass and activity may limit rates of decomposition.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01661.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01661.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01661.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01661.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01669.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-19", "title": "Winter Soil Frost Conditions In Boreal Forests Control Growing Season Soil Co2 Concentration And Its Atmospheric Exchange", "description": "Abstract<p>The impact of changes in winter soil frost regime on soil CO2 concentration and its atmospheric exchange in a boreal Norway spruce forest was investigated using a field\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale soil frost manipulation experiment. The experiment comprised three treatments: deep soil frost, shallow soil frost and control plots (n= 3). Winter soil temperatures and soil frost distribution were significantly altered by the different treatments. The average soil CO2 concentrations during the growing season were significantly lower in plots with deep soil frost than in plots with shallow soil frost. The average CO2 soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere exchange rate exhibited the same pattern, and differences in soil respiration rates among the treatments were statistically significant. Both the variation in soil CO2 concentration and the CO2 soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere exchange rate could statistically be explained by the differences in the maximum soil frost depth during the previous winter. A response model for growing season soil respiration rates suggests that every 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm change in winter soil frost depth will change the emission rates by ca. 0.01\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83day\uffe2\uff88\uff921, corresponding to 0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff930.5% of the estimated net ecosystem productivity (NEP). This suggests that the soil frost regime has a significant influence on the C balance of the system, because interannual variations in soil frost up to 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm have been recorded at the site. We conclude that winter climate conditions can be important in controlling C balances in northern terrestrial ecosystems, and also that indirect effects of the winter season must be taken into account, because these can affect the prevailing conditions during the growing season.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01669.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01669.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01669.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01669.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01701.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration In A Pine Forest After 9 Years Of Atmospheric Co2enrichment", "description": "Abstract<p>The impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on climate change may be mitigated in part by C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems as rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations stimulate primary productivity and ecosystem C storage. Carbon will be sequestered in forest soils if organic matter inputs to soil profiles increase without a matching increase in decomposition or leaching losses from the soil profile, or if the rate of decomposition decreases because of increased production of resistant humic substances or greater physical protection of organic matter in soil aggregates. To examine the response of a forest ecosystem to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the Duke Forest Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment in North Carolina, USA, has maintained atmospheric CO2 concentrations 200\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 above ambient in an aggrading loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation over a 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period (1996\uffe2\uff80\uff932005). During the first 6 years of the experiment, forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90floor C and N pools increased linearly under both elevated and ambient CO2 conditions, with significantly greater accumulations under the elevated CO2 treatment. Between the sixth and ninth year, forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90floor organic matter accumulation stabilized and C and N pools appeared to reach their respective steady states. An additional C sink of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc30\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was sequestered in the forest floor of the elevated CO2 treatment plots relative to the control plots maintained at ambient CO2 owing to increased litterfall and root turnover during the first 9 years of the study. Because we did not detect any significant elevated CO2 effects on the rate of decomposition or on the chemical composition of forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90floor organic matter, this additional C sink was likely related to enhanced litterfall C inputs. We also failed to detect any statistically significant treatment effects on the C and N pools of surface and deep mineral soil horizons. However, a significant widening of the C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio of soil organic matter (SOM) in the upper mineral soil under both elevated and ambient CO2 suggests that N is being transferred from soil to plants in this aggrading forest. A significant treatment \uffc3\uff97 time interaction indicates that N is being transferred at a higher rate under elevated CO2 (P=0.037), suggesting that enhanced rates of SOM decomposition are increasing mineralization and uptake to provide the extra N required to support the observed increase in primary productivity under elevated CO2.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01701.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01701.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01701.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01701.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Warming And Drying Suppress Microbial Activity And Carbon Cycling In Boreal Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate warming is expected to have particularly strong effects on tundra and boreal ecosystems, yet relatively few studies have examined soil responses to temperature change in these systems. We used closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90top greenhouses to examine the response of soil respiration, nutrient availability, microbial abundance, and active fungal communities to soil warming in an Alaskan boreal forest dominated by mature black spruce. This treatment raised soil temperature by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and also resulted in a 22% decline in soil water content. We hypothesized that microbial abundance and activity would increase with the greenhouse treatment. Instead, we found that bacterial and fungal abundance declined by over 50%, and there was a trend toward lower activity of the chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymeN\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase. Soil respiration also declined by up to 50%, but only late in the growing season. These changes were accompanied by significant shifts in the community structure of active fungi, with decreased relative abundance of a dominant Thelephoroid fungus and increased relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes in response to warming. In line with our hypothesis, we found that warming marginally increased soil ammonium and nitrate availability as well as the overall diversity of active fungi. Our results indicate that rising temperatures in northern\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems may not always cause a positive feedback to the soil carbon cycle, particularly in boreal forests with drier soils. Models of carbon cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedbacks could increase their predictive power by incorporating heterogeneity in soil properties and microbial communities across the boreal zone.</p>", "keywords": ["nucleotide analog", "warming", "Ecology", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "Climate Action", "mycorrhizal fungi", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "microbial community", "bacteria", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt65m167kr/qt65m167kr.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Water Table And Precipitation On Net Co2 Assimilation Of Three Co-Occurring Sphagnum Mosses Differing In Distribution Above The Water Table", "description": "Abstract<p>Sphagnum cuspidatum,S. magellanicumandS. rubellumare three co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring peat mosses, which naturally have a different distribution along the microtopographical gradient of the surface of peatlands. We set out an experiment to assess the interactive effects of water table (low: \uffe2\uff88\uff9210\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm and high: \uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) and precipitation (present or absent) on the CO2assimilation and evaporation of these species over a 23\uffe2\uff80\uff90day period. Additionally, we measured which sections of the moss layer were responsible for light absorption and bulk carbon uptake. Thereafter, we investigated how water content affected carbon uptake by the mosses. Our results show that at high water table, CO2assimilation of all species gradually increased over time, irrespective of the precipitation. At low water table, net CO2assimilation of all species declined over time, with the earliest onset and highest rate of decline forS. cuspidatum. Precipitation compensated for reduced water tables and positively affected the carbon uptake of all species. Almost all light absorption occurred in the first centimeter of theSphagnumvegetation and so did net CO2assimilation. CO2assimilation rate showed species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific relationships with capitulum water content, with narrow but contrasting optima forS. cuspidatumandS. rubellum. Assimilation byS. magellanicumwas constant at a relatively low rate over a broad range of capitulum water contents. Our study indicates that prolonged drought may alter the competitive balance between species, favoring hummock species over hollow species. Moreover, this study shows that precipitation is at least equally important as water table drawdown and should be taken into account in predictions about the fate of peatlands with respect to climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["photosynthesis", "tolerance", "biomass", "growth", "exchange", "temperature", "peat bog", "15. Life on land", "fuscum", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "desiccation", "level", "13. Climate action", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01694.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-22", "title": "Effects Of An Experimental Drought And Recovery On Soil Emissions Of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, And Nitric Oxide In A Moist Tropical Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Changes in precipitation in the Amazon Basin resulting from regional deforestation, global warming, and El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o events may affect emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitric oxide (NO) from soils. Changes in soil emissions of radiatively important gases could have feedback implications for regional and global climate. Here, we report the final results of a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90year, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale (1\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha) throughfall exclusion experiment, followed by 1 year of recovery with natural throughfall, conducted in a mature evergreen forest near Santar\uffc3\uffa9m, Brazil. The exclusion manipulation lowered annual N2O emissions in four out of five treatment years (a natural drought year being the exception), and then recovered during the first year after the drought treatment stopped. Similarly, consumption of atmospheric CH4 increased under drought treatment, except during a natural drought year, and it also recovered to pretreatment values during the first year that natural throughfall was permitted back on the plot. No treatment effect was detected for NO emissions during the first 3 treatment years, but NO emissions increased in the fourth year under the extremely dry conditions of the exclusion plot during a natural drought. Surprisingly, there was no treatment effect on soil CO2 efflux in any year. The drought treatment provoked significant tree mortality and reduced the allocation of C to stems, but allocation of C to foliage and roots were less affected. Taken together, these results suggest that the dominant effect of throughfall exclusion on soil processes during this 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period was on soil aeration conditions that transiently affected CH4, N2O, and NO production and consumption.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01694.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01694.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01694.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01694.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01702.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-22", "title": "Tropical Forest And Savanna Ecosystems Show Differential Impact Of N And P Additions On Soil Organic Matter And Aggregate Structure", "description": "Abstract<p>Landscape transformation and atmospheric nutrient depositions, important global change drivers, are affecting the vegetation and soil properties of natural dry tropical forest and derived savanna ecosystems in India. This study assessed the effect of continuous N and P additions for 6 years on the size distribution and properties of soil aggregates in forest\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecotone\uffe2\uff80\uff93savanna gradient. Addition of N significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregates in forest and ecotone, whereas the same input significantly decreased their proportion in the savanna. Consequently, the stability of soil aggregates increased significantly in forest and ecotone, whereas it decreased significantly in the savanna. The effect of P addition on soil aggregate stability was marginal. N addition also altered the biological and chemical qualities of soil aggregates. It caused increase in microbial biomass C (MBC) associated with macroaggregates in forest and ecotone; however, in savanna, MBC increased in the microaggregates. P addition did not affect the amount of MBC in both types of soil aggregates. Because of rapid accumulation of applied N and P in the microbial biomass, the ratios of MBC to microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) as well as microbial biomass phosphorous (MBP) were decreased in both aggregates. Overall, the effect of N addition was more marked than that of P addition, suggesting that N is more limiting than P in these dry tropical ecosystems. In the current scenario of N loading, continued soil N loading in forest may lead to increased macroaggregates with associated MBC and MBN and greater aggregate stability. In contrast, the extensively distributed savannas may show the reverse trend leading to a decrease in soil fertility.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. P. Kushwaha, Kiran Singh, Shri Kant Tripathi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01702.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01702.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01702.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01702.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01722.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Effects Of Freeze-Thaw On C And N Release From Soils Below Different Vegetation In A Montane System: A Laboratory Experiment", "description": "Abstract<p>Unstable snow cover and more frequent freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw events have been predicted for montane areas in southern Norway, where stable winters are common today. These systems are important contributors to the flux of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to air and water. Here we quantify and compare the effects of freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw on C and N release from soils collected below Calluna, Molinia or Sphagnum. Intact organic soil cores were subjected to four different freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw regimes for four consecutive 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90week periods: (1) slow cycling (SC) with one long freezing event during each 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90week period, (2) fast cycling (FC) with four short freezing events during each 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90week period, (3) permanent frost (PF) and (4) permanent thaw (PT). The freezing temperature was \uffe2\uff88\uff925\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and the thawing temperature was 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C. Before start of treatment, at the end of each 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90week period, and during postincubation periods, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission as well as leachable dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved organic N (DON), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3) and absorbance at 254\uffe2\uff80\uff83nm were measured. In soils from all three vegetations, PF increased the release of CO2, DOC, DON and NH4 compared with PT. SC caused some scattered effects whereas FC only resulted in some increase in NO3 release below Molinia. Generally, the emission of CO2 and leaching of DOC, DON and NH4 increased in the following order: Sphagnum &lt; Calluna &lt; Molinia. The release of NO3 was greatest below Calluna. Our data suggest that vegetation cover and composition seem at least as important as increased soil frost for future winter fluxes of CO2, DOC, DON and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) from the soil to air and water. The freezing period needs to be sufficiently long to give significant effects.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01722.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01722.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01722.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01722.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01728.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Predominant Role Of Water In Regulating Soil And Microbial Respiration And Their Responses To Climate Change In A Semiarid Grassland", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate change can profoundly impact carbon (C) cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted to examine responses of total soil and microbial respiration, and microbial biomass to experimental warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China since April 2005. We measured soil respiration twice a month over the growing seasons, soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), microbial respiration (MR) once a year in the middle growing season from 2005 to 2007. The results showed that interannual variations in soil respiration, MR, and microbial biomass were positively related to interannual fluctuations in precipitation. Laboratory incubation with a soil moisture gradient revealed a constraint of the temperature responses of MR by low soil moisture contents. Across the 3 years, experimental warming decreased soil moisture, and consequently caused significant reductions in total and microbial respiration, and microbial biomass, suggesting stronger negatively indirect effects through warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced water stress than the positively direct effects of elevated temperature. Increased evapotranspiration under experimental warming could have reduced soil water availability below a stress threshold, thus leading to suppression of plant growth, root and microbial activities. Increased precipitation significantly stimulated total soil and microbial respiration and all other microbial parameters and the positive precipitation effects increased over time. Our results suggest that soil water availability is more important than temperature in regulating soil and microbial respiratory processes, microbial biomass and their responses to climate change in the semiarid temperate steppe. Experimental warming caused greater reductions in soil respiration than in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). In contrast, increased precipitation stimulated GEP more than soil respiration. Our observations suggest that climate warming may cause net C losses, whereas increased precipitation may lead to net C gains in the semiarid temperate steppe. Our findings highlight that unless there is concurrent increase in precipitation, the temperate steppe in the arid and semiarid regions of northern China may act as a net C source under climate warming.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01728.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01728.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01728.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01728.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01743.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-31", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestrations By Nitrogen Fertilizer Application, Straw Return And No-Tillage In China'S Cropland", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil as the largest global carbon pool has played a great role in sequestering the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Although global carbon sequestration potentials have been assessed since the 1980s, few investigations have been made on soil carbon sequestration (SCS) in China's cropland. China is a developing country and has a long history of agricultural activities. Estimation of SCS potentials in China's cropland is very important for assessing the potential measures to prevent the atmospheric carbon rise and predicting the atmospheric CO2 concentration in future. After review of the available results of the field experiments in China, relationships between SCS and nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) practices were established for each of the four agricultural regions. According to the current agricultural practices and their future development, estimations were made on SCS by nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and NT in China's cropland. In the current situation, nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and zero tillage can sequester 5.96, 9.76 and 0.800\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C each year. Carbon sequestration potential will increase to 12.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 if nitrogen is fertilized on experts' recommendations. The carbon sequestration potentials of straw return and NT can reach 34.4 and 4.60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 when these two techniques are further popularized. In these measures, straw return is the most promising one. Full popularization of straw return can reduce 5.3% of the CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion in China in 1990, which meets the global mean CO2 reduction requested by the Kyoto Protocol (5.2%). In general, if more incentive policies can be elaborated and implemented, the SCS in China's cropland will be increased by about two times. So, popularization of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90mentioned agricultural measures for carbon sequestration can be considered as an effective tool to prevent the rapid rise of the atmospheric CO2 in China.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01743.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01743.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01743.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01743.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01753.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-31", "title": "Effects Of Soil Frost On Nitrogen Net Mineralization, Soil Solution Chemistry And Seepage Losses In A Temperate Forest Soil", "description": "Abstract<p>Freezing and thawing may alter element turnover and solute fluxes in soils by changing physical and biological soil properties. We simulated soil frost in replicated snow removal plots in a mountainous Norway spruce stand in the Fichtelgebirge area, Germany, and investigated N net mineralization, solute concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and of mineral ions (NH4+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). At the snow removal plots the minimum soil temperature was \uffe2\uff88\uff925\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C at 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth, while the control plots were covered by snow and experienced no soil frost. The soil frost lasted for about 3 months and penetrated the soil to about 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. In the 3 months after thawing, the in situ N net mineralization in the forest floor and upper mineral soil was not affected by soil frost. In late summer, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations increased in forest floor percolates and soil solutions at 20\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth in the snow removal plots relative to the control. The increase lasted for about 2\uffe2\uff80\uff934 months at a time of low seepage water fluxes. Soil frost did not affect DOC concentrations and radiocarbon signatures of DOC. No specific frost effect was observed for K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in soil solutions, however, the Na+ concentrations in the upper mineral soil increased. In the 12 months following snowmelt, the solute fluxes of N, DOC, and mineral ions were not influenced by the previous soil frost at any depth. Our experiment did not support the hypothesis that moderate soil frost triggers solute losses of N, DOC, and mineral ions from temperate forest soils.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01753.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01753.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01753.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01753.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01757.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-21", "title": "Carbon Losses Due To Soil Warming: Do Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Soil Respiration Respond Equally?", "description": "Abstract<p>Global warming has the potential to increase soil respiration (RS), one of the major fluxes in the global carbon (C) cycle. RS consists of an autotrophic (RA) and a heterotrophic (RH) component. We combined a soil warming experiment with a trenching experiment to assess how RS, RA, and RH are affected. The experiment was conducted in a mature forest dominated by Norway spruce. The site is located in the Austrian Alps on dolomitic bedrock. We warmed the soil of undisturbed and trenched plots by means of heating cables 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C above ambient during the snow\uffe2\uff80\uff90free seasons of 2005 and 2006. Soil warming increased the CO2 efflux from control plots (RS) by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc45% during 2005 and \uffe2\uff88\uffbc47% during 2006. The CO2 efflux from trenched plots (RH) increased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc39% during 2005 and \uffe2\uff88\uffbc45% during 2006. Similar responses of RS and RH indicated that the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of RS responded equally to the temperature increase. Thirty\uffe2\uff80\uff90five to forty percent or 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of the overall annual increase in RS (2.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was autotrophic. The remaining, heterotrophic part of soil respiration (1.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), represented the warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced C loss from the soil. The autotrophic component showed a distinct seasonal pattern. Contribution of RA to RS was highest during summer. Seasonally derived Q10 values reflected this pattern and were correspondingly high (5.3\uffe2\uff80\uff939.3). The autotrophic CO2 efflux increase due to the 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C warming implied a Q10 of 2.9. Hence, seasonally derived Q10 of RA did not solely reflect the seasonal soil temperature development.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01757.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01757.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01757.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01757.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01797.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-03", "title": "Impacts Of An Anomalously Warm Year On Soil Nitrogen Availability In Experimentally Manipulated Intact Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystems", "description": "Abstract<p>Global climate change can potentially increase the frequency of climate anomalies. Anomalously warm years may cause an increase in soil nitrogen (N) availability by stimulating N mineralization. To date, most studies addressing the effects of ecosystem warming have been conducted in relatively cold ecosystems and few studies have addressed impacts of interannual as opposed to continuous, multiyear warming. In this study, 12 intact soil monoliths were excavated from a tallgrass prairie site near Purcell, Oklahoma, USA and divided among four large flux chambers (EcoCELLs). During the first year, all four EcoCELLs were subjected to Oklahoma air temperatures and precipitation. During the second year, air temperature in two EcoCELLs was increased by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C throughout the year resulting in an increase in soil temperature of 2.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C at 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. During the third and fourth years, temperatures in the warmed EcoCELL returned back to \uffe2\uff80\uff98normal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 conditions. During the warming year, vegetation N content was not significantly affected by the warming treatment suggesting no change in N availability. Other N availability indicators (soil solution chemistry, leaching, and N adsorption by ion exchange resins) did not show any effect of warming. Soil solution, leaching, and ion exchange resins showed a large pulse of NH4+at the start of the study most likely due to disturbance caused by monolith excavation and transport but these effects were short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived and had disappeared before the treatment started. The lack of a clear warming effect may be explained by a reduction in soil moisture in the warming treatments compared with the controls offsetting a potential stimulation of N mineralization in response to increased temperatures. As a result, effects of an anomalously warm year on N availability in warmer ecosystems may be small compared with colder ecosystems but are likely to depend on soil moisture status.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David E. Schorran, John A. Arnone, Yiqi Luo, Paul S. J. Verburg, Dale W. Johnson, Linda L. Wallace,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01797.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01797.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01797.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01797.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-05", "title": "Climate Change Effects On Plant Biomass Alter Dominance Patterns And Community Evenness In An Experimental Old-Field Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract<p>Atmospheric and climatic change can alter plant biomass production and plant community composition. However, we know little about how climate change\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in biomass production affect plant species composition. To better understand how climate change will alter both individual plant species and community biomass, we manipulated atmospheric [CO2], air temperature, and precipitation in a constructed old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field ecosystem. Specifically, we compared the responses of dominant and subdominant species to our climatic treatments, and explored how changes in plant dominance patterns alter community evenness over 2 years. Our study resulted in four major findings: (1) all treatments, elevated [CO2], warming, and increased precipitation increased plant community biomass and the effects were additive rather than interactive, (2) plant species differed in their response to the treatments, resulting in shifts in the proportional biomass of individual species, which altered the plant community composition; however, the plant community response was largely driven by the positive precipitation response of Lespedeza, the most dominant species in the community, (3) precipitation explained most of the variation in plant community composition among treatments, and (4) changes in precipitation caused a shift in the dominant species proportional biomass that resulted in lower community evenness in the wet relative to dry treatments. Interestingly, compositional and evenness responses of the subdominant community to the treatments did not always follow the responses of the whole plant community. Our data suggest that changes in plant dominance patterns and community evenness are an important part of community responses to climatic change, and generally, that such compositional shifts can alter ecosystem biomass production and nutrient inputs.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01981.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-28", "title": "Contribution Of Trees To Carbon Storage In Soils Of Silvopastoral Systems In Florida, Usa", "description": "Abstract<p>Silvopastoral systems that integrate trees in pasture production systems are likely to enhance soil carbon (C) storage in lower soil layers due to the presence of deep tree roots. To quantify the relative soil C contribution from trees (C3 plants) and warm season grasses (C4 plants) in silvopastoral systems, soil samples were collected and analyzed from silvopastures of slash pine (Pinus elliottii)+bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and adjacent open pasture (OP), at six depths down to 125\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm, at four sites representing two major soil orders (Spodosols and Ultisols) of Florida. The plant sources of C in whole (nonfractionated) and three soil fraction sizes (250\uffe2\uff80\uff932000, 53\uffe2\uff80\uff93250, and &lt;53\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm) were traced using stable C isotope signatures. The silvopasture sites contained higher amounts of C3\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived soil organic carbon (SOC) compared with OP sites, at all soil depths. Slash pine trees (C3 plants) seemed to have contributed more C in the silt+clay\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized (&lt;53\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm) fractions than bahiagrass (C4 plants), particularly deeper in the soil profile. Spodosols sites contained more C in the &lt;53\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm fraction at and below the spodic horizon (occurring between 15 and 50\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) in silvopasture compared with OP. The results indicate that most of SOC in deeper soil profiles and the relatively stable &lt;53\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm C fraction were derived from tree components (C3 plants) in all the sites, suggesting that the tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90based pasture system has greater potential to store more stable C in the soil compared with the treeless system.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Solomon G. Haile, P. K. Ramachandran Nair, Vimala D. Nair,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01981.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01981.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01981.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01981.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-11", "title": "Stem Wood Properties Of Mature Norway Spruce After 3 Years Of Continuous Exposure To Elevated [Co2] And Temperature", "description": "Abstract<p>The objective of the study was to investigate the interactive effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2], and temperature on the wood properties of mature field\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees. Material for the study was obtained from an experiment in Flakaliden, northern Sweden, where trees were grown for 3 years in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers at ambient (365\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or elevated [CO2] (700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and ambient or elevated air temperature (ambient +5.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C in winter and ambient +2.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C in summer). Elevated temperature affected both wood chemical composition and structure, but had no effect on stem radial growth. Elevated temperature decreased the concentrations of acetone\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble extractives and soluble sugars, while mean and earlywood (EW) cell wall thickness and wood density were increased. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on stem wood chemistry or radial growth. In wood structure, elevated [CO2] decreased EW cell wall thickness and increased tracheid radial diameter in latewood (LW). Some significant interactions between elevated [CO2] and temperature were found in the anatomical and physical properties of stem wood (e.g. microfibril angle, and LW cell wall thickness and density). Our results show that the wood material properties of mature Norway spruce were altered under exposure to elevated [CO2] and temperature, although stem radial growth was not affected by the treatments.</p>", "keywords": ["karkeus", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "kimmomoduuli", "Picea abies", "mikrofibrillikulma", "puun tiheys", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "puun anatomia", "13. Climate action", "trakeidit", "SilviScan", "ilmastonmuutos", "puun kemia"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01793.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-03", "title": "Precipitation Pulses Enhance Respiration Of Mediterranean Ecosystems: The Balance Between Organic And Inorganic Components Of Increased Soil Co2efflux", "description": "Abstract<p>In regions characterized by arid seasons, such as the Mediterranean basin, soil moisture is a major driver of ecosystem CO2 efflux during periods of drought stress. Here, a rain event can induce a disproportional respiratory pulse, releasing an amount of CO2 to the atmosphere that may significantly contribute to the annual ecosystem carbon balance. The mechanisms behind this pulse are unclear, and it is still unknown whether it is due to the stimulation of autotrophic, heterotrophic and/or inorganic CO2 fluxes. On the Mediterranean island of Pianosa, eddy flux measurements showed respiratory pulses after rain events following prolonged drought periods, which occurred in the summer of 2003 and 2006. To investigate the mechanisms of this observed enhanced respiration fluxes and partition of the soil CO2 sources, two water manipulation experiments were performed. The first was designed to estimate the effect of soil rewetting on soil CO2 efflux, in the different ecosystem types existing on the island (i.e. woodland, ex\uffe2\uff80\uff90agricultural and Mediterranean shrubland). The second was a soil CO2 partitioning experiment to investigate the relative contribution of inorganic and organic CO2 sources to soil respiration, under dry and wet soil conditions. Our results suggest that the pulse in the CO2 efflux is primarily due to the enhancement of heterotrophic respiration, likely caused by the degradation of easily decomposable substrates, accumulated in soils during the dry period. In fact, the vegetation at the site was senescent and did not play any significant role in CO2 exchange, as suggested by the absence of diurnal CO2 uptake in eddy covariance measurements. In addition, soil rewetting did not significantly enhance inorganic CO2 efflux.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "mediterranean", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "precipitation", "15. Life on land", "ecosystems", "respiration", "6. Clean water", "components"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.uniud.it/bitstream/11390/864899/1/Inglima_et_al_2009.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01793.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01793.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01793.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01793.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01805.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics During 80 Years Of Reforestation Of Tropical Pastures", "description": "Abstract<p>Our research takes advantage of a historical trend in natural reforestation of abandoned tropical pastures to examine changes in soil carbon (C) during 80 years of secondary forest regrowth. We combined a chronosequence approach with differences in the natural abundance of 13C between C3 (forest) and C4 (pasture) plants to estimate turnover times of C in the bulk soil and in density fractions. Overall, gains in secondary forest C were compensated for by the loss of residual pasture\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived soil C, resulting in no net change in bulk soil C stocks down to 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth over the chronosequence. The free light fraction (LF), representing physically unprotected particulate organic matter, was most sensitive to land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change. Reforestation replenished C in the free LF that had been depleted during conversion to pastures. Turnover times varied with model choice, but in general, soil C cycling rates were rapid for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth, with even the heavy fraction (HF) containing C cycling in decadal time scales. Turnover times of C in the free LF from the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth were shorter than for the occluded and HFs, highlighting the importance of physical location in the soil matrix for residence time in the soil. The majority of the soil C pool (82\uffc2\uffb121%) was recovered in the mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated density fraction. Carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90nitrogen ratios and differences in natural abundance 15N of soil organic matter (SOM) showed an increasing degree of decomposition across density fractions with increasing mineral association. Our data show that the physical distribution of C in the soil has a large impact on soil C turnover and the ability of soils to maintain SOM stocks during land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover change.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01805.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01805.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01805.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01805.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-15", "title": "Responses Of Dryland Soil Respiration And Soil Carbon Pool Size To Abrupt Vs. Gradual And Individual Vs. Combined Changes In Soil Temperature, Precipitation, And Atmospheric [Co2]: A Simulation Analysis", "description": "Abstract<p>With the large extent and great amount of soil carbon (C) storage, drylands play an important role in terrestrial C balance and feedbacks to climate change. Yet, how dryland soils respond to gradual and concomitant changes in multiple global change drivers [e.g., temperature (Ts), precipitation (Ppt), and atmospheric [CO2] (CO2)] has rarely been studied. We used a process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based ecosystem model patch arid land simulator to simulate dryland soil respiration (Rs) and C pool size (Cs) changes to abrupt vs. gradual and single vs. combined alterations in Ts, Ppt and CO2 at multiple treatment levels. Results showed that abrupt perturbations generally resulted in larger Rs and had longer differentiated impacts than did gradual perturbations. Rs was stimulated by increases in Ts, Ppt, and CO2 in a nonlinear fashion (e.g., parabolically or asymptotically) but suppressed by Ppt reduction. Warming mainly stimulated heterotrophic Rs (i.e., Rh) whereas Ppt and CO2 influenced autotrophic Rs (i.e., Ra). The combined effects of warming, Ppt, and CO2 were nonadditive of primary single\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor effects as a result of substantial interactions among these factors. Warming amplified the effects of both Ppt addition and CO2 elevation whereas Ppt addition and CO2 elevation counteracted with each other. Precipitation reduction either magnified or suppressed warming and CO2 effects, depending on the magnitude of factor's alteration and the components of Rs (Ra or Rh) being examined. Overall, Ppt had dominant influence on dryland Rs and Cs over Ts and CO2. Increasing Ppt individually or in combination with Ts and CO2 benefited soil C sequestration. We therefore suggested that global change experimental studies for dryland ecosystems should focus more on the effects of precipitation regime changes and the combined effects of Ppt with other global change factors (e.g., Ts, CO2, and N deposition).</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01857.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-22", "title": "Integrated Economic Equilibrium And Life Cycle Assessment Modeling For Policy-Based Consequential Lca", "description": "Summary<p>Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) has emerged as a tool for estimating environmental impacts of changes in product systems that go beyond physical relationships accounted for in attributional LCA (ALCA). This study builds on recent efforts to use more complex economic models for policy\uffe2\uff80\uff90based CLCA. A partial market equilibrium (PME) model, called the U.S. Forest Products Module (USFPM), is combined with LCA to analyze an energy demand scenario in which wood use increases 400 million cubic meters in the United States for ethanol production. Several types of indirect economic and environmental impacts are identified and estimated using USFPM\uffe2\uff80\uff90LCA. A key finding is that if wood use for biofuels increases to high levels and mill residue is used for biofuels and replaced by natural gas for heat and power in forest products mills, then the increased greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas could offset reductions obtained by substituting biofuels for gasoline. Such high levels of biofuel demand, however, appear to have relatively low environmental impacts across related forest product sectors.</p>", "keywords": ["690", "Industrial ecology", "2300 Environmental Science", "Energy demand", "Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA)", "2002 Economics and Econometrics", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biofuel", "Partial equilibrium modeling", "13. Climate action", "3300 Social Sciences", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Forest economics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Industrial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01894.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-17", "title": "Nitrogen Effects On Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Abstract<p>It has widely been documented that nitrogen (N) enrichment stimulates plant growth and net primary production. However, there is still dispute on how N addition affects net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), which represents the balance between ecosystem carbon (C) uptake and release. We conducted an experimental study to examine effects of N addition on NEE in a temperate steppe in northern China from 2005 to 2008. N was added at a rate of 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 with NH4NO3 alone or in combination with phosphorous (P, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83P2O5\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in both clipped and unclipped plots. Over the 4 years, N addition significantly stimulated growing\uffe2\uff80\uff90season NEE, on average, by 27%. Neither the main effects of P addition or clipping nor their interactions with N addition were statistically significant on NEE in any of the 4 years. However, the magnitude of N stimulation on NEE declined over time. N addition significantly increased NEE by 60% in 2005 and 21% in 2006, but its effect was not significant in 2007 and 2008. N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in species composition was primarily responsible for the declined N stimulation over time. The gradually increasing coverage of the upper canopy species (Stipa krylovii) and standing litter accumulation induced light limitation on the lower canopy species (Artemisia frigida). Thus, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shifts in plant species composition strongly regulated the direct effects of N addition on C sequestration in the temperate steppe.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01894.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01894.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01894.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01894.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01807.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Response Of Ecosystem Carbon Exchange To Warming And Nitrogen Addition During Two Hydrologically Contrasting Growing Seasons In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Abstract<p>A large remaining source of uncertainty in global model predictions of future climate is how ecosystem carbon (C) cycle feedbacks to climate change. We conducted a field manipulative experiment of warming and nitrogen (N) addition in a temperate steppe in northern China during two contrasting hydrological growing seasons in 2006 [wet with total precipitation 11.2% above the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term mean (348\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm)] and 2007 (dry with total precipitation 46.7% below the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term mean). Irrespective of strong intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and interannual variations in ecosystem C fluxes, responses of ecosystem C fluxes to warming and N addition did not change between the two growing seasons, suggesting independence of warming and N responses of net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) upon hydrological variations in the temperate steppe. Warming had no effect on NEE or its two components, gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), whereas N addition stimulated GEP but did not affect ER, leading to positive responses of NEE. Similar responses of NEE between the two growing seasons were due to changes in both biotic and abiotic factors and their impacts on ER and GEP. In the wet growing season, NEE was positively correlated with soil moisture and forb biomass. Negative effects of warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced water depletion could be ameliorated by higher forb biomass in the warmed plots. N addition increased forb biomass but did not affect soil moisture, leading to positive effect on NEE. In the dry growing season, NEE showed positive dependence on grass biomass but negative dependence on forb biomass. No changes in NEE in response to warming could result from water limitation on both GEP and ER as well as little responses of either grass or forb biomass. N addition stimulated grass biomass but reduced forb biomass, leading to the increase in NEE. Our findings highlight the importance of changes in abiotic (soil moisture, N availability) and biotic (growth of different plant functional types) in mediating the responses of NEE to climatic warming and N enrichment in the semiarid temperate steppe in northern China.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01807.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01807.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01807.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01807.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Long-Lasting Effects On Nitrogen Cycling 12 Years After Treatments Cease Despite Minimal Long-Term Nitrogen Retention", "description": "Abstract<p>Atmospheric deposition of biologically active nitrogen (N) has increased dramatically over the past 60 years, with far\uffe2\uff80\uff90reaching impacts on the structure and function of many ecosystems. Much research has examined the initial impacts of N enrichment; however, few studies have been multidecadal, and even fewer long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies have examined the longevity of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced impacts on N cycling after inputs cease. Here, we address this gap by reporting the state of key N pools and fluxes in a Minnesota grassland for plots that received N addition for 10 years and then none for 12 years, in comparison with plots that received annual N treatment for the entire 22 years. We found weak evidence for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N retention in plots that ceased receiving treatment; and in plots that continued to receive N over the 22\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period, retention that was high after 12 years (50\uffe2\uff80\uff93100% of inputs) was greatly reduced after 22 years (to 15%). In spite of this, net N mineralization rates remained elevated in plots that ceased receiving treatment 12 years prior, likely because N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich litter maintained higher N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling rates. These results suggest (1) some systems do not retain much deposited N, with potentially large impacts on downstream habitats; (2) the previously reported high retention efficiencies for this and many other terrestrial ecosystems may be relatively short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived as N sinks become saturated over time; and (3) the effects of even small amounts of retained N in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited environments may be particularly long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting. In total, these findings highlight the importance of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies in evaluating the impacts of chronic N deposition to ecosystems, and urge additional research examining dynamics following N cessation to evaluate the reversibility of these impacts.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01879.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-07", "title": "Dependence Of Carbon Sequestration On The Differential Responses Of Ecosystem Photosynthesis And Respiration To Rain Pulses In A Semiarid Steppe", "description": "Abstract<p>Precipitation pulses play an important role in regulating ecosystem carbon exchange and balance of semiarid steppe ecosystems. It has been predicted that the frequency of extreme rain events will increase in the future, especially in the arid and semiarid regions. We hypothesize that large rain pulses favor carbon sequestration, while small ones cause more carbon release in the semiarid steppes. To understand the potential response in carbon sequestration capacity of semiarid steppes to the changes in rain pulse size, we conducted a manipulative experiment with five simulated rain pulse sizes (0, 5, 10, 25, and 75\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) in Inner Mongolia steppe. Our results showed that both gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) responded rapidly (within 24\uffe2\uff80\uff83h) to rain pulses and the initial response time was independent of pulse size. However, the time of peak GEP was 1\uffe2\uff80\uff933 days later than that of Re, which depended on pulse size. Larger pulses caused greater magnitude and longer duration of variations in GEP and Re. Differences in the response time of microbes and plants to wetting events constrained the response pattern of heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) components of Re following a rain event. Rh contributed more to the increase of Re in the early stage of rain pulse response, while Ra played an more important role later, and determined the duration of pulse response, especially for large rain events of &gt;10\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm. The distinct responses of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to increasing pulse sizes led to a threshold in rain pulse size between 10 and 25\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm, above which post wetting responses favored carbon sequestration. The disproportionate increase of the primary productivity of higher plants, compared with those in the activities of microbial decomposers to larger pulse events suggests that the carbon sequestration capacity of Inner Mongolia steppes will be sensitive to changes in precipitation size distribution rather than just precipitation amount.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shiping Chen, G. Darrel Jenerette, Guanghui Lin, Jianhui Huang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01879.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01879.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01879.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01879.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-22", "title": "Population And Planting Pattern Effects On Intercropped Maize And Cowpea", "description": "Abstract<p>Field studies on the nature of competition and the effects of various planting patterns on maize/cowpea intercrop yields were conducted in Southwestern Nigeria. Relative Crowding Coefficient values indicated that maize dominated cowpea. The magnitude of competition between maize and cowpea is related to season and nitrogen fertilizer. Based on grain yields, maize and cowpea compete for N only when it was applied but tended to derive it from different sources in the absence of applied N.</p><p>Spatial arrangements designed to increase light reaching intercropped cowpea included alternate and double rows of cowpeas between maize rows. These did not, however, increase grain yields of cowpeas over those intercropped with maize in the same row.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "H. C. Ezumah, J. E. G. Ikeorgu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agronomy%20and%20Crop%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-26", "title": "Carbon accumulation in agricultural soils after afforestation: a meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract<p>Deforestation usually results in significant losses of soil organic carbon (SOC). The rate and factors determining the recovery of this C pool with afforestation are still poorly understood. This paper provides a review of the influence of afforestation on SOC stocks based on a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 33 recent publications (totaling 120 sites and 189 observations), with the aim of determining the factors responsible for the restoration of SOC following afforestation. Based on a mixed linear model, the meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis indicates that the main factors that contribute to restoring SOC stocks after afforestation are: previous land use, tree species planted, soil clay content, preplanting disturbance and, to a lesser extent, climatic zone. Specifically, this meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis (1) indicates that the positive impact of afforestation on SOC stocks is more pronounced in cropland soils than in pastures or natural grasslands; (2) suggests that broadleaf tree species have a greater capacity to accumulate SOC than coniferous species; (3) underscores that afforestation using pine species does not result in a net loss of the whole soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90profile carbon stocks compared with initial values (agricultural soil) when the surface organic layer is included in the accounting; (4) demonstrates that clay\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils (&gt; 33%) have a greater capacity to accumulate SOC than soils with a lower clay content (&lt; 33%); (5) indicates that minimizing preplanting disturbances may increase the rate at which SOC stocks are replenished; and (6) suggests that afforestation carried out in the boreal climate zone results in small SOC losses compared with other climate zones, probably because trees grow more slowly under these conditions, although this does not rule out gains over time after the conversion. This study also highlights the importance of the methodological approach used when developing the sampling design, especially the inclusion of the organic layer in the accounting.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-05", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition, Vegetation Burning And Climate Warming Act Independently On Microbial Community Structure And Enzyme Activity Associated With Decomposing Litter In Low-Alpine Heath", "description": "Abstract<p>Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heathlands are thought to be particularly sensitive to nitrogen (N) deposition, climate and land management change, yet little is known about how these factors regulate key belowground processes, like litter turnover, under field conditions. Here we use an in situ factorial field experiment to test the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition, climate manipulation and past vegetation burning, and their interactions, on litter decomposition and the activity and diversity of associated microorganisms. The use of litter from within (native) and outwith (standard) the experimental plots also enabled us to test whether decomposition and microbial functional diversity is driven primarily by soil conditions or litter chemistry. In general, extracellular enzyme activities of litter were driven by additions of simulated N deposition with phosphatase being the most responsive. We found that standard litter incubated in plots that had been burnt 8 years previously decomposed slower and lost less N and phosphorus than in unburnt plots. This material also had associated with it the greatest activity of glucosidase and the least diverse microbial community, as assessed by culture\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent methods. Although all treatments significantly affected microbial diversity, burning explained most of the variability, indicating a close coupling between plant and microbial communities in these treatments. A striking feature of all the data relating to both standard and native litter was an almost complete lack of interactive effects between the treatments. The lack of interactions between the treatments indicates that each perturbation might affect different mechanisms in the decomposition process (including the composition of associated microbial communities) and nutrient cycling.</p>", "keywords": ["climate change", "enzyme activities", "soil microorganisms", "soil bacteria", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "soil fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-28", "title": "Invasive Insects Impact Forest Carbon Dynamics", "description": "Abstract<p>Invasive insects can impact ecosystem functioning by altering carbon, nutrient, and hydrologic cycles. In this study, we used eddy covariance to measure net CO2exchange with the atmosphere (NEE), and biometric measurements to characterize net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated forests that were defoliated by Gypsy moth (Lymantria disparL.) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Three years of data were used to compare C dynamics; 2005 with minimal defoliation, 2006 with partial defoliation of the canopy and understory in a mixed stand, and 2007 with complete defoliation of an oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated stand, and partial defoliation of the mixed and pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated stands. Previous to defoliation in 2005, annual net CO2exchange (NEEyr) was estimated at \uffe2\uff88\uff92187, \uffe2\uff88\uff92137 and \uffe2\uff88\uff92204\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921at the oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90, mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated stands, respectively. Annual NEP estimated from biometric measurements was 108%, 100%, and 98% of NEEyrin 2005 for the oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90, mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated stands, respectively. Gypsy moth defoliation strongly reduced fluxes in 2006 and 2007 compared with 2005; NEEyrwas \uffe2\uff88\uff92122, +103, and \uffe2\uff88\uff92161\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in 2006, and +293, +129, and \uffe2\uff88\uff9217\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in 2007 at the oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90, mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and pine\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated stands, respectively. At the landscape scale, Gypsy moths defoliated 20.2% of upland forests in 2007. We calculated that defoliation in these upland forests reduced NEEyrby 41%, with a 55% reduction in the heavily impacted oak\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated stands. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Transient\uffe2\uff80\uff99 disturbances such as insect defoliation, nonstand replacing wildfires, and prescribed burns are major factors controlling NEE across this landscape, and when integrated over time, may explain much of the patterning of aboveground biomass and forest floor mass in these upland forests.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-22", "title": "Exposure To Preindustrial, Current And Future Atmospheric Co2 And Temperature Differentially Affects Growth And Photosynthesis In Eucalyptus", "description": "Abstract<p>To investigate if Eucalyptus species have responded to industrial\uffe2\uff80\uff90age climate change, and how they may respond to a future climate, we measured growth and physiology of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90 (E. saligna) and slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing (E. sideroxylon) seedlings exposed to preindustrial (290), current (400) or projected (650\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and to current or projected (current +4\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) temperature. To evaluate maximum potential treatment responses, plants were grown with nonlimiting soil moisture. We found that: (1) E. sideroxylon responded more strongly to elevated [CO2] than to elevated temperature, while E. saligna responded similarly to elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature; (2) the transition from preindustrial to current [CO2] did not enhance eucalypt plant growth under ambient temperature, despite enhancing photosynthesis; (3) the transition from current to future [CO2] stimulated both photosynthesis and growth of eucalypts, independent of temperature; and (4) warming enhanced eucalypt growth, independent of future [CO2], despite not affecting photosynthesis. These results suggest large potential carbon sequestration by eucalypts in a future world, and highlight the need to evaluate how future water availability may affect such responses.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Eucalyptus", "photosynthesis", "13. Climate action", "growth", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "high temperatures", "carbon dioxide", "soil moisture", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "climatic changes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-01", "title": "Increased Temperature And Precipitation Interact To Affect Root Production, Mortality, And Turnover In A Temperate Steppe: Implications For Ecosystem C Cycling", "description": "Abstract<p>Fine root production and turnover play important roles in regulating carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to examine effects of climate change on root production and turnover, a field experiment with increased temperature and precipitation had been conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China since April 2005. Experimental warming decreased annual root production, mortality, and mean standing crop by 10.3%, 12.1%, 7.0%, respectively, while root turnover was not affected in 2006 and 2007 by the warming. Annual root production and turnover was 5.9% and 10.3% greater in the elevated than ambient precipitation plots. Changes in root production and mortality in response to increased temperature and precipitation could be largely attributed to the changes in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and belowground/aboveground C allocation. There were significant interactive effects of warming and increased precipitation on root productivity, mortality, and standing crop. Experimental warming had positive and negative effects on the three root variables (root production, mortality, standing crop) under ambient and increased precipitation, respectively. Increased precipitation stimulated and suppressed the three root variables in the unwarmed and warmed subplots, respectively. The positive dependence of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration upon root productivity and mortality highlights the important role of root dynamics in ecosystem C cycling. The nonadditive effects of increased temperature and precipitation on root productivity, mortality, and standing crop observed in this study are critical for model projections of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecosystem feedbacks. These findings indicate that carbon allocation is a focal point for future research and that results from single factor experiments should be treated with caution because of factor interactions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02026.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-17", "title": "Effect Of Warming And Grazing On Litter Mass Loss And Temperature Sensitivity Of Litter And Dung Mass Loss On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Abstract<p>Knowledge about the role of litter and dung decomposition in nutrient cycling and response to climate change and grazing in alpine ecosystems is still rudimentary. We conducted two separate studies to assess the relative role of warming and grazing on litter mass loss and on the temperature sensitivity of litter and dung mass loss. Experiments were conducted for 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 years under a controlled warming\uffe2\uff80\uff93grazing system and along an elevation gradient from 3200 to 3800\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. A free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air temperature enhancement system (FATE) using infrared heaters and grazing significantly increased soil temperatures (average 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff931.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) from 0 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth, but neither warming nor grazing affected soil moisture except early in the growing seasons at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth. Heaters caused greater soil warming at night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time compared with daytime, but grazing resulted in greater soil warming during daytime compared with night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time. Annual average values of the soil temperature at 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm were 3.2, 2.4 and 0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C at 3200, 3600 and 3800\uffe2\uff80\uff83m, respectively. Neither warming nor grazing caused changes of litter quality for the first year of the controlled warming\uffe2\uff80\uff93grazing experiment. The effects of warming and grazing on litter mass losses were additive, increasing litter mass losses by about 19.3% and 8.3%, respectively, for the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year decomposition periods. The temperature sensitivity of litter mass losses was approximately 11%\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C\uffe2\uff88\uff921 based on the controlled warming\uffe2\uff80\uff93grazing experiment. The annual cumulative litter mass loss was approximately 2.5 times that of dung along the elevation gradient. However, the temperature sensitivity (about 18%\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the dung mass loss was about three times that of the litter mass loss. These results suggest greater warming at night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time compared with daytime may accelerate litter mass loss, and grazing will enhance carbon loss to atmosphere in the region through a decrease of litter biomass and an increase of dung production with an increase of stocking rate in future warmer conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02026.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02026.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02026.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02026.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-28", "title": "Soil-Nutrient Availability Under A Global-Change Scenario In A Mediterranean Mountain Ecosystem", "description": "Changes in rainfall availability will alter soil-nutrient availability under a climate-change scenario. However, studies have usually analyzed the effect of either drier or wetter soil conditions, despite the fact that both possibilities will coexist in many climatic regions of the world. Furthermore, its effect may vary across the different habitats of the ecosystem. We experimentally investigated the effect of three contrasting climatic scenarios on different carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) fractions in soil and microbial compartments among three characteristic habitats in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem: forest, shrubland, and open areas. The climatic scenarios were dry summers, according to the 30% summer rainfall reduction projected in the Mediterranean; wet summer, simulating summer storms to reach the maximum historical records in the study area; and current climatic conditions (control). Sampling was replicated during two seasons (spring and summer) and 2 years. The climatic scenario did not affect the nutrient content in the litter layer. However, soil and microbial nutrients varied among seasons, habitats, and climatic scenarios. Soil-nutrient fractions increased with lower soil-moisture conditions (dry scenario and summer), whereas microbial nutrients increased under the wet summer scenario and spring. This pattern was consistent both studied years, although it was modulated by habitat, differences being lower with denser plant cover. Holm oak seedlings, used as live control of the experiment, tended to increase their N and P content (although not significantly) with water availability. Thus, the results support the idea that higher rainfall boosts microbial and plant-nutrient uptake, and hence nutrient cycling. By contrast, a rainfall reduction leads to an accumulation of nutrients in the soil, increasing the risk of nutrient loss by leaching or erosion. These results show that the projected climate change will have significant effects on nutrient cycles, and therefore will have important implications on the ecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["microbial", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "carbon", "drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "irrigation", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "litter", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/17230/1/2011_Matias_et_al._GCBSuppInf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01988.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-28", "title": "The Dynamic Response Of Soil Respiration To Land-Use Changes In Subtropical China", "description": "Abstract<p>Assessing the impact of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use changes on soil respiration (RS) is of vital significance to understand the interactions between belowground metabolism and regional carbon budgets. In this study, the monthly in situ RS was examined between 09:00 and 12:00 hours over a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period within a representative land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use sequence in the subtropical region of China. The land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use sequence contained natural forest (control treatment), secondary forest, two plantations, citrus orchard and sloping tillage land. Results showed that the RS exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, and it was dominantly controlled by the soil temperature. After the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use conversion, the apparent temperature sensitivity of RS (Q10) was increased from 2.10 in natural forest to 2.71 in sloping tillage land except for an abnormal decrease to 1.66 in citrus orchard. Contrarily, the annual RS was reduced by 32% following the conversion of natural forest to secondary forest, 46\uffe2\uff80\uff9348% to plantations, 63% to citrus orchard and 50% to sloping tillage land, with the average reduction of 48%. Such reduction of annual RS could be explained by the decrease of topsoil organic carbon and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction organic carbon storages, live biomass of fine root (&lt;2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) and annual litter input, which indirectly/directly correlated with plant productivity. Our results suggest that substrate availability (e.g., soil organic carbon and nutrients) and soil carbon input (e.g., fine root turnover and litterfall) through plant productivity may drive the RS both in natural and managed ecosystems following strong disturbance events.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shuangquan Zou, Hao Sheng, Guangshui Chen, Jianfen Guo, Jinsheng Xie, Zhijie Yang, Yusheng Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01988.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01988.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01988.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01988.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02006.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-22", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Increases Microbial Growth Rates In Soil: Results Of Three Co2 Enrichment Experiments", "description": "Abstract<p>Increasing the belowground translocation of assimilated carbon by plants grown under elevated CO2 can cause a shift in the structure and activity of the microbial community responsible for the turnover of organic matter in soil. We investigated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effect of elevated CO2 in the atmosphere on microbial biomass and specific growth rates in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90free and rhizosphere soil. The experiments were conducted under two free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems: in Hohenheim and Braunschweig, as well as in the intensively managed forest mesocosm of the Biosphere 2 Laboratory (B2L) in Oracle, AZ. Specific microbial growth rates (\uffce\uffbc) were determined using the substrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced respiration response after glucose and/or yeast extract addition to the soil. For B2L and both FACE systems, up to 58% higher \uffce\uffbc were observed under elevated vs. ambient CO2, depending on site, plant species and N fertilization. The \uffce\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff90values increased linearly with atmospheric CO2 concentration at all three sites. The effect of elevated CO2 on rhizosphere microorganisms was plant dependent and increased for: Brassica napus=Triticum aestivum&lt;Beta vulgaris&lt;Populus deltoides. N deficiency affected microbial growth rates directly (N limitation) and indirectly (changing the quantity of fine roots). So, 50% decrease in N fertilization caused the overall increase or decrease of microbial growth rates depending on plant species. The \uffce\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff90value increase was lower for microorganisms growing on yeast extract then for those growing on glucose, i.e. the effect of elevated CO2 was smoothed on rich vs. simple substrate. So, the r/K strategies ratio can be better revealed by studying growth on simple (glucose) than on rich substrate mixtures (yeast extract). Our results clearly showed that the functional characteristics of the soil microbial community (i.e. specific growth rates) rather than total microbial biomass amount are sensitive to increased atmospheric CO2. We conclude that the more abundant available organics released by roots at elevated CO2 altered the ecological strategy of the soil microbial community specifically a shift to a higher contribution of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing r\uffe2\uff80\uff90selected species was observed. These changes in functional structure of the soil microbial community may counterbalance higher C input into the soil under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02006.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02006.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02006.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02006.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02020.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-07", "title": "Carbon Accumulation At Depth In Ferralsols Under Zero-Till Subtropical Agriculture", "description": "Abstract<p>Conservation agriculture can provide a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost competitive option to mitigate global warming with reduction or elimination of soil tillage and increase soil organic carbon (SOC). Most studies have evaluated the impact of zero till (ZT) only on surface soil layers (down to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm), and few studies have been performed on the potential for C accumulation in deeper layers (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) of tropical and subtropical soils. In order to determine whether the change from conventional tillage (CT) to ZT has induced a net gain in SOC, three long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments (15\uffe2\uff80\uff9326 years) on free\uffe2\uff80\uff90draining Ferralsols in the subtropical region of South Brazil were sampled and the SOC stocks to 30 and 100\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm calculated on an equivalent soil mass basis. In rotations containing intercropped or cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop legumes, there were significant accumulations of SOC in ZT soils varying from 5 to 8\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in comparison with CT management, equivalent to annual soil C accumulation rates of between 0.04 and 0.88\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. However, the potential for soil C accumulation was considerably increased (varying from 0.48 to 1.53\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) when considering the soil profile down to 100\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. On average the estimate of soil C accumulation to 100\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth was 59% greater than that for soil C accumulated to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm. These findings suggest that increasing sampling depth from 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm (as presently recommended by the IPCC) to 100\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm, may increase substantially the estimates of potential CO2 mitigation induced by the change from CT to ZT on the free\uffe2\uff80\uff90draining Ferralsols of the tropics and subtropics. It was evident that that legumes which contributed a net input of biologically fixed N played an important role in promoting soil C accumulation in these soils under ZT, perhaps due to a slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90release of N from decaying surface residues/roots which favored maize root growth.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02020.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02020.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02020.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02020.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-24", "title": "Turnover Of Labile And Recalcitrant Soil Carbon Differ In Response To Nitrate And Ammonium Deposition In An Ombrotrophic Peatland", "description": "Abstract<p>The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) and ammonium (NH4+), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH4+ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and NH4+ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.</p>", "keywords": ["nitrogen deposition", "Whim bog", "substrate-induced respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "Soil Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences", "enzyme activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-13", "title": "The Influence Of Elevated Temperature, Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Concentration And Water Stress On Net Photosynthesis Of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) At Northern, Central And Southern Sites In Its Native Range", "description": "Abstract<p>We investigated the effect of elevated [CO2] (700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), elevated temperature (+2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C above ambient) and decreased soil water availability on net photosynthesis (Anet) and water relations of one\uffe2\uff80\uff90year old potted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in treatment chambers with high fertility at three sites along a north\uffe2\uff80\uff90south transect covering a large portion of the species native range. At each location (Blairsville, Athens and Tifton, GA) we constructed four treatment chambers and randomly assigned each chamber one of four treatments: ambient [CO2] and ambient temperature, elevated [CO2] and ambient temperature, ambient [CO2] and elevated temperature, or elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature. Within each chamber half of the seedlings were well watered and half received much less water (1/4 that of the well watered).</p><p>Measurements of net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water potential and leaf fluorescence were made in June and September, 2008. We observed a significant increase in Anet in response to elevated [CO2] regardless of site or temperature treatment in June and September. An increase in air temperature of over 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C had no significant effect on Anet at any of the sites in June or September despite over a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C difference in mean annual temperature between the sites. Decreased water availability significantly reduced Anet in all treatments at each site in June. The effects of elevated [CO2] and temperature on gs followed a similar trend. The temperature, [CO2] and water treatments did not significantly affect leaf water potential or chlorophyll fluorescence. Our findings suggest that predicted increases in [CO2] will significantly increase Anet, while predicted increases in air temperature will have little effect on Anet across the native range of loblolly pine. Potential decreases in precipitation will likely cause a significant reduction in Anet, though this may be mitigated by increased [CO2].</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=9150&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=9150&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=9100", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=I&offset=9200", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 29764, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:55:00.256854Z"}