{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-05", "title": "Estimation of the extraterrestrial 3He and 20Ne fluxes on Earth from He and Ne systematics in marine sediments", "description": "Abstract   Sediments contain interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) carrying extraterrestrial noble gases, such as  3 He, which have previously been used to estimate the IDP accretion flux over time and the duration of past environmental events. However, due to its high diffusivity, He can be lost by diffusion either due to frictional heating during entry in the atmosphere, or once it has been incorporated in the sediments. Therefore the absolute values of  3 He IDP fluxes cannot be known. Due to its lower diffusivity, Ne is less likely to be lost by diffusion than He and can potentially provide an absolute IDP flux value. Here, we studied the Ne and He isotopic composition of 21 sediments of different ages (3 to 38 Myr, 56 Myr and 183 Myr) in order to better constrain the retention of  3 He in such deposits. The samples are carbonates from 2 sites of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), which previously showed evidence of detectable extraterrestrial  3 He, and from the Sancerre core in the Paris basin. The  3 He/ 4 He,  20 Ne/ 22 Ne and  21 Ne/ 22 Ne ratios of decarbonated residues vary respectively from    0.09  \u00d7    10    \u2212  6      to    76.5  \u00d7    10    \u2212  6     ,    9.54  \u00b1  0.08    to    11.30  \u00b1  0.60    and from    0.0295  \u00b1  0.0001    to    0.0344  \u00b1  0.0003   . These isotopic compositions can be explained by a mixing between two terrestrial components (atmosphere and radiogenic He and nucleogenic Ne present in the terrigenous fractions) and an extraterrestrial component. The linear relationship between  20 Ne/ 22 Ne and  3 He/ 22 Ne ratios shows that the extraterrestrial component has a unique composition and is similar to the He and Ne composition of implanted solar wind. This composition is different from the individual stratospheric IDPs for which the Ne and He isotopic compositions have been measured. We suggest that this difference is due to a bias in the sampling of the individual IDPs previously analyzed toward the largest ones that are more likely to lose He during entry in the atmosphere. Our data further constrains the size of the majority of the IDPs to be less than    10    \u03bc  m    in diameter. In addition, the constant  3 He/ 22 Ne ratio of the extraterrestrial component present in the samples, which is similar to the implanted solar wind composition, suggests that no diffusive loss of  3 He occurred in the atmosphere or on the seafloor. Thus, neglecting any non-fractionating He and Ne loss by weathering and/or alteration of the host phases on the seafloor, the extraterrestrial  3 He and  20 Ne fluxes between 3 to 38 Myr ago are respectively    0.2  \u00b1  0.1  \u00d7    10    \u2212  12        cm    3        cm    \u2212  2        kyr    \u2212  1      and    0.2  \u00b1  0.1  \u00d7    10    \u2212  11        cm    3        cm    \u2212  2        kyr    \u2212  1     . During the sharp increases of the late Eocene and late Miocene, the IDP  3 He and  20 Ne fluxes reach values up to five times higher.", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "sediments", "IDP", "helium", "neon", "14. Life underwater", "extraterrestrial flux", "implanted solar wind", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "f43b7a350273be870d212efdea987fdc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:30:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "The Kibeho crisis: towards a more effective system of international protection for IDPs", "description": "In Rwanda in April 1995, hundreds of IDPs, mostly women and children, were killed in a military operation to close camps for the internally displaced. This tragedy, which raises several key issues regarding internal displacement, particularly that of the protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) within camps and against forcible return, the screening of criminal elements and persons guilty of war crimes, and the coordination of international efforts to meet humanitarian and protection needs of IDPs.", "keywords": ["IDPs", "05 social sciences", "Rwanda", "Kibeho", "16. Peace & justice", "protection", "Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform", "HN1-995", "0506 political science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephanie T. E. Kleine-Ahlbrandt", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/f43b7a350273be870d212efdea987fdc"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forced%20Migration%20Review", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "f43b7a350273be870d212efdea987fdc", "name": "item", "description": "f43b7a350273be870d212efdea987fdc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/f43b7a350273be870d212efdea987fdc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IDP&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IDP&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IDP&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IDP&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-26T10:51:43.777218Z"}