As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 t\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4\uffc2\uffa0t\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 corn straw\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68\uffc2\uffa0kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90C equivalent (CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ce) kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0grain) than that of Control (0.24\uffc2\uffa0kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ce\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain), resulting from large soil CH4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N2O and CH4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44\uffc2\uffa0kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ce\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "N2O", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production; name=SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production", "Carbon footprint", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Life cycle assessment", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12248"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12248", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12248", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12248"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-31", "title": "Changes In Soil Biological And Biochemical Characteristics In A Long-Term Field Trial On A Sub-Tropical Inceptisol", "description": "Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), their ratio (MBC/SOC) which is also known as microbial quotient, soil respiration, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were evaluated in a long-term (31 years) field experiment involving fertility treatments (manure and inorganic fertilizers) and a maize (Zea mays L.)\u2013wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\u2013cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) rotation at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute near New Delhi, India. Applying farmyard manure (FYM) plus NPK fertilizer significantly increased SOC (4.5\u20137.5\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121), microbial biomass (124\u2013291\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) and microbial quotient from 2.88 to 3.87. Soil respiration, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were also increased by FYM applications. The MBC response to FYM+100% NPK compared to 100% NPK (193 vs. 291\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) was much greater than that for soil respiration (6.24 vs. 6.93\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0O2\u00a0g\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) indicating a considerable portion of MBC in FYM plots was inactive. Dehydrogenase activity increased slightly as NPK rates were increased from 50% to 100%, but excessive fertilization (150% NPK) decreased it. Acid phosphatase activity (31.1 vs. 51.8\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0PNP\u00a0g\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) was much lower than alkali phosphatase activity (289 vs. 366\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0PNP\u00a0g\u22121\u00a0h\u22121) in all treatments. Phosphatase activity was influenced more by season or crop (e.g. tilling wheat residue) than fertilizer treatment, although both MBC and phosphatase activity were increased with optimum or balanced fertilization. SOC, MBC, soil respiration and acid phosphatase activity in control (no NPK, no manure) treatment was lower than uncultivated reference soil, and soil respiration was limiting at N alone or NP alone treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-03", "title": "Earthworms (Millsonia Anomala, Megascolecidae) Do Not Increase Rice Growth Through Enhanced Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Earthworms have been shown to increase plant growth in 75% of the experiments that have compared plant growth in their presence and absence. However, the relative importance of the different mechanisms advanced to explain such a stimulatory effect has never been tested. In a laboratory experiment, we observed increased growth of rice plants in the presence of earthworms (Millsonia anomala, Megascolecidae) and demonstrated that enhanced nitrogen release (generally considered as the principal mechanism involved in earthworm positive effect on plants) was not responsible for this result: earthworms had the same stimulatory effect on plant growth (+20%) irrespective of whether the soil (provided with different amounts of mineral-N fertilizer) was either N-limited or N-saturated. We discuss alternative explanations for the observed variations in rice production.", "keywords": ["580", "Nitrogen gradient", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Mineralization", "nitrogen gradient", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Mechanisms affecting plant growth", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Earthworm", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "earthworm", "mechanisms affecting plant growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal-bioemco.ccsd.cnrs.fr/bioemco-00448744/file/Blouin_et_al.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-21", "title": "How Important Is N2o Production In Removing Atmospherically Deposited Nitrogen From Uk Moorland Catchments?", "description": "Nitrate (NO3\u2212) leaching due to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem in many parts of the UK uplands, associated with surface water acidification and affecting lake nutrient balances. It is often assumed that gaseous return of deposited N to the atmosphere as N2O through denitrification may provide an important sink for N. This assumption was tested for four moorland catchments (Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh in the Cairngorms, Afon Gwy in mid-Wales, Scoat Tarn in the English Lake District and River Etherow in the southern Pennines), covering gradients of atmospheric N deposition and surface water NO3\u2212 leaching, through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field measurements of N2O fluxes from static chambers with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution were carried out every 4 weeks over 1 yr. Wetted soil cores from the same field plots were used in experimental laboratory incubations at 5 and 15 \u00b0C with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution, followed by measurement of N2O fluxes. Field measurements showed that significant N2O fluxes occurred in only a very small number of plots with most showing zero values for much of the year. The maximum fluxes were 0.24 kg-N/ha/yr from unamended plots at the River Etherow and 0.49 kg-N/ha/yr from plots with NH4NO3 additions at the Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh. Laboratory incubation experiments demonstrated that large N2O fluxes could be induced by warming and NH4NO3 additions, with the top 5 cm of soil cores responsible for the largest fluxes, reaching 11.8 kg-N/ha/yr from a podsol at Scoat Tarn. Acetylene block experiments showed that while N2 was not likely to be a significant denitrification product in these soils, reduced N2O fluxes indicated that nitrification was an important source of N2O in many cases. A simple model of denitrification suggesting that 10\u201380% of net N inputs may be denitrified from non-agricultural soils was found to greatly over-estimate fluxes in the UK uplands. The proportion of deposition denitrified was found to be much closer to the IPCC suggested value of 1% with an upper limit of 10%. Interception of N deposition by vegetation may greatly reduce the net supply of N from this source, while soil acidification or other factors limiting carbon supply to soil microbes may prevent large denitrification fluxes even where NO3\u2212 supply is not limiting.", "keywords": ["denitrification", "nitrous oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "moorlands", "nitrogen deposition", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "nitrogen saturation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Storage And Dynamics Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Soil Physical Fractions Following Woody Plant Invasion Of Grassland", "description": "Abstract Woody plant invasion of grasslands is prevalent worldwide. In the Rio Grande Plains of Texas, subtropical thorn woodlands dominated by C3 trees/shrubs have been replacing C4 grasslands over the past 150\u00a0yr, resulting in increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and concomitant increases in soil total nitrogen (STN). To elucidate mechanisms of change in SOC and STN, we separated soil organic matter into specific size/density fractions and determined the concentration of C and N in these fractions. Soils were collected from remnant grasslands (Time 0) and woody plant stands (ages 10\u2013130\u00a0yr). Rates of whole-soil C and N accrual in the upper 15\u00a0cm of the soil profile averaged 10\u201330\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121 and 1\u20133\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, over the past 130\u00a0yr of woodland development. These rates of accumulation have increased soil C and N stocks in older wooded areas by 100\u2013500% relative to remnant grasslands. Probable causes of these increased pool sizes include higher rates of organic matter production in wooded areas, greater inherent biochemical resistance of woody litter to decomposition, and protection of organic matter by stabilization within soil macro- and microaggregates. The mass proportions of the free light fraction ( 250\u00a0\u03bcm) increased linearly with time following woody plant invasion of grassland. Conversely, the mass proportions of free microaggregate (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and free silt+clay (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Storage And Dynamics Of Carbon And Nitrogen In Soil Physical Fractions Following Woody Plant Invasion Of Grassland", "description": "Abstract Woody plant invasion of grasslands is prevalent worldwide. In the Rio Grande Plains of Texas, subtropical thorn woodlands dominated by C3 trees/shrubs have been replacing C4 grasslands over the past 150\u00a0yr, resulting in increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and concomitant increases in soil total nitrogen (STN). To elucidate mechanisms of change in SOC and STN, we separated soil organic matter into specific size/density fractions and determined the concentration of C and N in these fractions. Soils were collected from remnant grasslands (Time 0) and woody plant stands (ages 10\u2013130\u00a0yr). Rates of whole-soil C and N accrual in the upper 15\u00a0cm of the soil profile averaged 10\u201330\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121 and 1\u20133\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, over the past 130\u00a0yr of woodland development. These rates of accumulation have increased soil C and N stocks in older wooded areas by 100\u2013500% relative to remnant grasslands. Probable causes of these increased pool sizes include higher rates of organic matter production in wooded areas, greater inherent biochemical resistance of woody litter to decomposition, and protection of organic matter by stabilization within soil macro- and microaggregates. The mass proportions of the free light fraction ( 250\u00a0\u03bcm) increased linearly with time following woody plant invasion of grassland. Conversely, the mass proportions of free microaggregate (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and free silt+clay (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.003,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-23", "title": "Carbohydrate Dynamics In Particle-Size Fractions Of Sandy Spodosols Following Forest Conversion To Maize Cropping", "description": "Abstract In southwest France, much of the forested land on sandy spodosols has been converted to continuous maize cropping in the last few decades. To evaluate the impacts of this change on soil organic matter properties, we compared total organic C and neutral and amino sugars content in whole soil and particle size separates of two forested, and five related sites that had been either clear-cut for 12 and 18 mo, or cultivated to maize for 4\u201322\u00a0yr. Soil carbohydrates accounted for 4\u20137% of the total organic C across all sites. Soil organic C contents of clear-cut and cultivated sites were only 57\u201379% of the average value measured in forested sites. Accordingly, carbohydrate content of clear-cut and cultivated sites were only 35\u201366% of the value in forested sites. Ordering the sites in a chronosequence indicated that both total organic C and carbohydrate contents decreased with an increase in time elapsed since clear-cutting and maize cultivation. The only exception was a partial recovery of carbohydrate content in the site that had been under continuous maize for 22\u00a0yr. The clay+silt fraction (0\u201350\u00a0\u03bcm) was enriched in carbohydrates, mainly of microbial origin, whereas the sand size fractions (50\u2013200 and 200\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm) contained fewer carbohydrates which were mainly of plant origin. Monosaccharide analysis of particle size separates revealed significant differences in carbohydrate composition between sites. Relative to forested sites, the coarse and fine sand fractions in clear-cut and cultivated sites were depleted in carbohydrates and were relatively enriched in plant-derived carbohydrates. Carbohydrate content of the clay+silt fraction drastically decreased upon clear-cutting. Amino sugar content was consistently lower in clear-cut and cultivated sites than in forested sites, indicating that microbial populations were negatively affected by clear-cutting and cultivation. The fungal population appeared more sensitive than bacteria to these land-use changes as indicated by a greater decline in glucosamine than in muramic acid contents.", "keywords": ["PINE FOREST", "2. Zero hunger", "PODZOSOL", "550", "BIOCHIMIE", "CARBOHYDRATES", "PIN MARITIME", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "PARTICLE SIZE SEPARATE", "SUCRES", "MAIZE CROPPING", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "FRACTIONNEMENT GRANULOMETRIQUE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-26", "title": "Bacterial Inoculants Affecting Nickel Uptake By Alyssum Murale From Low, Moderate And High Ni Soils", "description": "Metal hyperaccumulator plants like Alyssum murale have a remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate Ni from soils containing mostly insoluble Ni. We have shown some rhizobacteria increase the phytoavailability of Ni in soils, thus enhancing Ni accumulation by A. murale. Nine bacterial strains, originally isolated from the rhizosphere of A. murale grown in serpentine Ni-rich soil, were examined for their ability to solubilize Ni in different soils and for their effect on Ni uptake into Alyssum. Microbacterium oxydans AY509223; Rhizobium galegae AY509213; Microbacterium oxydans AY509219; Clavibacter xyli AY509236; Acidovorax avenae AY512827; Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum AY509225; M. oxydans AY509222; M. arabinogalactanolyticum AY509226 and M. oxydans AY509221 were added to low, moderate and high Ni-contaminated soils. M. oxydans AY509223 significantly increased Ni extraction by 10 mM Sr(NO3)2 from the high and medium soils and had no effect on Ni extraction from the low Ni soils. The other eight bacterial isolates significantly increased Ni extraction from all soils. There were no significant effects of bacterial inoculation on fresh and dry weight of A . murale shoots grown in the low and high Ni soils compared to an unamended control. M. oxydans AY509223 significantly increased Ni uptake of A. murale grown in the low, medium, and high soils by 36.1%, 39.3%, and 27.7%, respectively, compared with uninoculated seeds. M. oxydans AY509223 increased foliar Ni from the same soils from 82.9, 261.3 and 2829.3 mg kg 1 to 129.7, 430.7, and 3914.3 mg kg 1 , respectively, compared with uninoculated controls. These results show that bacteria are important for Ni", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-19", "title": "Gross Nitrogen Transformations In Adjacent Native And Plantation Forest'S Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Abstract The impact of land-use change on soil nitrogen (N) transformations was investigated in adjacent native forest (NF), 53\u00a0y-old first rotation (1R) and 5\u00a0y-old second rotation (2R) hoop pine ( Araucaia cunninghamii ) plantations. The 15 N isotope dilution method was used to quantify gross rates of N transformations in aerobic and anaerobic laboratory incubations. Results showed that the land-use change had a significant impact on the soil N transformations. Gross ammonification rates in the aerobic incubation ranged between 0.62 and 1.78\u00a0mg N\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0d \u22121 , while gross nitrification rates ranged between 2.1 and 6.6\u00a0mg N\u00a0kg \u22121 \u00a0d \u22121 . Gross ammonification rates were significantly lower in the NF and the 1R soils than in the 2R soils, however gross nitrification rates were significantly higher in the NF soils than in the plantation soils. The greater rates of gross nitrification found in the NF soil compared to the plantation soils, were related to lower soil C:N ratios (i.e. more labile soil N under NF). Nitrification was found to be the dominant soil N transformation process in the contrasting forest ecosystems. This might be attributed to certain site conditions which may favour the nitrifying community, such as the dry climate and tree species. There was some evidence to suggest that heterotrophic nitrifiers may undertake a significant portion of nitrification.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "Soil sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-26", "title": "Pyrogenic Carbon Additions To Soil Counteract Positive Priming Of Soil Carbon Mineralization By Plants", "description": "Abstract Important due to both its role in fire-affected ecosystems, and also its proposed intentional production and application for carbon (C) management, pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) is thought to contain very stable forms of C. However, the mechanisms behind its interactions with non-PyOM soil organic C (SOC) remain speculative, with studies often showing short-term positive and then long-term negative \u201cpriming effects\u201d on SOC decomposition after PyOM applications. Furthermore, studies of these interactions to date have been limited to systems that do not include plants. This study describes results from a 12-week greenhouse experiment where PyOM-SOC priming effects with and without plants were investigated using stable isotope partitioning. In addition, we investigated the optimal \u03b413C proxies for sources of SOC, PyOM, and plant-derived CO2 emissions. The two-factorial experiment included the presence or absence of corn plants and of 13C-labelled PyOM. In order to control for pH and nutrient addition effects from PyOM, its pH was adjusted to that of the soil and optimal nutrient and water conditions were provided to the plants. The \u03b413C of PyOM sub-components were significantly different. Significant losses of 0.4% of the applied PyOM-C occurred in the first week. We find evidence for a \u201cnegative priming\u201d effect of PyOM on SOC in the system (SOC losses are 48% lower with PyOM present), which occurred primarily during the first week, indicating it may be due to transient effects driven by easily mineralizable PyOM. Additionally, while the presence of corn plants resulted in significantly increased SOC losses (\u201cpositive priming\u201d), PyOM additions counteract this effect, almost completely eliminating net C losses either by decreasing SOC decomposition or increasing corn C additions to soil. This highlights the importance of including plants in studies of PyOM-SOC interactions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thea Whitman, Akio Enders, Johannes Lehmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-01", "title": "Fast Turnover Of Low Molecular Weight Components Of The Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool Of Temperate Grassland Field Soils", "description": "Large amounts of low molecular weight (LMW;<250 Da) carbon (C) are lost from roots into the rhizosphere as a consequence of root turnover and exudation. Their rates of turnover after release into the soil remain poorly understood. We extracted soil solution from a temperate grassland Eutric Cambisol, isotopically labeled the glucose and amino acid components, and then re-injected the solution back into the soil. We followed the subsequent evolution of 14CO2 and incorporation of the LMW C into the soil microbial biomass or grasses for 48 h. The experiments were performed both on grazed and un-grazed swards in the field, and in the laboratory. In the field, we showed that glucose and amino acids had short half-lives (t1/2) in soil solution (t1/2=20\u201340 min), but that they persisted in soil microbes for much longer. A first-order double exponential model fitted the experimental data well and gave rate constant (k) values of 1.21\u20132.14 h\u22121 for k1 and 0.0025\u20130.0048 h\u22121 for k2. Only small amounts of the added 14C were recovered in plant biomass (<5% of total added to soil) indicating that plant roots are poor competitors for LMW dissolved organic C (DOC) in comparison to soil microorganisms. The first phase of glucose and amino acid mineralization in the laboratory was slower (t1/2=40\u201360 min) than measured in the field reinforcing the importance of making flux measurements in situ. Whilst grazing stimulated below-ground respiration, it exerted only a small influence on the turnover of LMW DOC suggesting that the increase in respiration was due to increased root respiration and not turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Our results suggest that some components of the LMW DOC pool are turned over extremely rapidly (ca. 4000 times annually).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-16", "title": "Soil Restoration In Semiarid Patagonia: Chemical And Biological Response To Different Compost Quality", "description": "Abstract Restoration of soils burned by a wildfire using composted amendments of different origin (biosolids and municipal organic wastes) and final particle size (screened and unscreened) was studied after 6 and 12 months of application in a field trial in semiarid NW Patagonia. Composts were applied at 40\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121. A fertilized treatment with soluble N (100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) and P (35\u00a0kg ha\u22121), and a non-treated control were also included. As indicators of soil response, chemical (electrical conductivity, pH, organic C, total N, extractable P), biological (potential microbial respiration, potential net N mineralization, N retained in microbial biomass) and physical (temperature and soil moisture) properties were evaluated. Plant soil cover was also estimated. Soil chemical and biological properties showed a high response to organic amendment addition, more evident after the wet season (12 months of application). Soil organic C, total N and extractable P increased significantly with biosolids composts (BC), and soil pH with municipal composts (MC). Potential microbial C respiration and net N mineralization were similar for both MC and BC, and significantly higher than in the control and the inorganic fertilized treatment; when calculated on C or N basis the highest values corresponded to MC. Results imply that in terms of organic C accretion, BC were more effective than MC due to higher amounts of total and recalcitrant C. Screened and unscreened composts did not differ significantly in their effects on soil properties. The increase of organic C with BC did not contribute to increase soil moisture, which was even higher in control plots after the wet season; higher plant cover and water consumption in amended plots could also explain this pattern. Inorganic fertilization enhanced higher plant cover than organic amendments, but did not contribute to soil restoration.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Esteban Kowaljow, Mar\u00eda Julia Mazzarino, Mar\u00eda Julia Mazzarino,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-19", "title": "Earthworm Activity Affects Soil Aggregation And Organic Matter Dynamics According To The Quality And Localization Of Crop Residues - An Experimental Study (Madagascar)", "description": "Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in the functioning of ecosystems, and is beneficial from agronomic and from environmental point of view. Alternative cultural systems, like direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems, enhance carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural soils and lead to an increase in soil macrofauna. This study aimed at evaluating in field mesocosms the effects of earthworms on SOM dynamics and aggregation, as influenced by residue quality and management. In the highlands of Madagascar, buckets were filled with 2\u00a0mm-sieved clayey Inceptisol. The effects of earthworm addition (Pontoscolex corethrurus), residue addition (rice, soybean, and no addition), and localization of the residues (mulched or buried) were studied. After 5 months, soil from mesocosms with earthworms had significantly lower C concentration and higher proportion of large water-stable macroaggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) than those without earthworms, because of the production of large macroaggregates by earthworms. Earthworm effect on soil aggregation was greater with rice than with soybean residues. Casts (extracted from mesocosms with earthworms) were slightly enriched in C and showed significantly higher mineralization than the non-ingested soil (NIS), showing that at the time scale of our study, the carbon contained in the casts was not protected against mineralization. No difference in microbial biomass was found between casts and NIS. Complementary investigations are necessary to assess long-term effects of earthworm addition on SOM dynamics, the conditions of occurrence of physical protection, and the impact of earthworms on the structure of the microbial community.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "Pontoscolex corethrurus", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "residue management", "microbial biomass", "carbon mineralization", "Carbon mineralization", "Direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems", "Microbial biomass", "Residue management", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "carbon protection", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Carbon protection", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "direct seeding mulch based cropping systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-28", "title": "Effect Of The Conversion Of Grassland To Spring Wheat Field On The Co2 Emission Characteristics In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Chinese grasslands have undergone great changes in land use in recent decades. Approximately 18.2% of the present arable land in China originated from the cultivation of grassland, but its impact on the carbon cycle has not been fully understood. This study wasconducted insitu for3yearstoassessthecomprehensive effects ofcultivationof temperatesteppe onsoilorganiccarbon(SOC) and soil respiration rates as well as ecosystem respiration. As compared with those in the Stipa baicalensis steppe, the SOC concentrations at depths of 0\u201010 and 10\u201020 cm in the spring wheat field were found to have decreased by 38.3 and 17.4% respectively from 29.5 and 21.9 g kg \ufffd 1 to 18.2 and 18.1 g kg \ufffd 1 after a cultivation period of 30 years. Accordingly, the total amounts of soil respiration through the growing season (from April to September) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 265.2, 282.2 and 237.4 g C m \ufffd 2 respectivelyinthespringwheatfield,whichwereslightly lowerthanthevaluesof342.2,412.0and312.1 g C m \ufffd 2 in the S. baicalensis steppe, while ecosystem respiration of 690.9, 991.2 and 569.6 g C m \ufffd 2 respectively in the spring wheat field were markedly higher than those of 447.0, 470.9 and 429.7 g C m \ufffd 2 in the steppe plot. Similar seasonal variations of ecosystem respiration and soil respiration existed in both sample sites. Respiration rates were higher and greater differences existed in both ecosystem respiration and soil respiration during the exuberant growth stage of plants (from mid-June to mid-August). However, in the slower-growth period of the growing season (before late May and after late August), the CO2 effluxes of the two sample sites were similar and remained at a relatively low level. The results also showed that ecosystem respiration and soil respiration were under similar environmental controls in both sample sites. Soil water content at a depth of 0\u201010 cm and soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cmwere themain factors affectingthevariations in ecosystemrespiration and soil respirationrates indroughty yearsof 2002and 2004 and in the rainy 2003, respectively. This study suggests that the conversion of the grassland to the spring wheat field has increased the carbon loss of the whole ecosystem due to the change of vegetation cover type and significantly reduced the carbon storage of surface soil. In addition, the tillage of grassland had different effects on ecosystem respiration and soil respiration. The effects were also dissimilar in different growthstages, which should be fully considered when assessing and predicting the effects of cultivation on the net CO2 balance of grassland ecosystems. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manfred Domroes, Jiyuan Liu, Yunshe Dong, Yunshe Dong, Xing-Ren Liu, Yuanbo Geng, Yuchun Qi, Li-xin Liu, Xiao-hong Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IRON&offset=1900&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IRON&offset=1900&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IRON&offset=1850", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=IRON&offset=1950", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6884, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:50:11.299071Z"}