{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-14", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Different Integrated Nutrient Management On Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions And Sustainability Of Rice\u2013Wheat System In Indo Gangetic Plains Of India", "description": "Abstract   Rice\u2013wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and is responsible for the food security of the region. The effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its fractions, SOC sequestration potential as well as the sustainability of the rice\u2013wheat system were evaluated in long term experiments at different agro-climatic zones of IGP. Application of NPK either through inorganic fertilizers or through combination of inorganic fertilizer and organics such as farm yard manure (FYM) or crop residue or green manure improved the SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration and their sequestration rate. Application of 50% NPK\u00a0+\u00a050%\u00a0N through FYM in rice and 100% NPK in wheat, sequestered 0.39, 0.50, 0.51 and 0.62\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 over control (no N\u2013P\u2013K fertilizers or organics), respectively at Ludhiana, Kanpur, Sabour and Kalyani using the mass of SOC in the control treatment as reference point. Soil carbon sequestration with response to application of fertilizer partially substituted (50% on N basis) with organics were higher in Kalyani and Sabour lying in humid climate than Ludhiana and Kanpur lying in semiarid climate. The rice yield recorded a significant declining trend in Ludhiana and Kanpur where as the yield trend was stable at Sabour and Kalyani under unfertilized control. The system productivity in N\u2013P\u2013K fertilized plots and NPK along with organics showed either an increasing trend or remained stable at all locations during last two and half decades of the experiment.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Kanpur", "Soil organic carbon", "Indo-Gangetic Plains", "Kalyani", "Nutrient management", "India", "Green manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Semiarid zones", "Ludhiana", "Humid zones", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "SOC", "Field Scale", "Sabour"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "6eba341b-79d7-4b40-bc19-14a9066f1386", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[73.5, 21.5], [73.5, 32.2], [92.2, 32.2], [92.2, 21.5], [73.5, 21.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Asia"}, {"id": "India"}, {"id": "Indo-Gangetic Plains"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:11", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "SOTER-based soil parameter estimates (SOTWIS) for the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India", "description": "This harmonized set of soil parameter estimates for the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, at scale 1:1 000 000, has been derived from soil and terrain data collated in SOTER format by staff of the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS and LUP) at Nagpur, India. The data set has been prepared for use in the project on \"Assessment of soil organic carbon stocks and change at ... national scale\" (GEFSOC), which has IGP-India as one of its four case study areas (see http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/gefsoc-uk/). \n\nThe land surface of IGP-India has been characterized using 36 unique SOTER units, corresponding with 497 polygons. The major soils of these units have been described using 36 profiles, selected by national soil experts as being representative for these units. The associated soil analytical data have been derived from soil survey reports. \n\nGaps in the measured soil profile data have been filled using a scheme of taxotransfer rules. Parameter estimates are presented by soil unit for fixed depth intervals of 0.2 m to 1 m depth for: organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH(H2O), CECsoil, CECclay, base saturation, effective CEC, aluminum saturation, CaCO3 content, gypsum content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity of saturated paste (ECe), bulk density, content of sand, silt and clay, content of coarse fragments, and available water capacity(-33 to-1500 kPa). These attributes have been identified as being useful for agro-ecological zoning, land evaluation, crop growth simulation, modelling of soil carbon stocks and change, and analyses of global environmental change. \n\nThe current parameter estimates should be seen as best estimates based on the current selection of soil profiles and data clustering procedure; taxotransfer rules have been flagged to provide an indication of the confidence in the derived data.\n\nResults are presented as summary files and can be linked to the 1:1M scale SOTER map in a GIS, through the unique SOTER-unit code. \n\nThe secondary SOTER data set for IGP-India is considered appropriate for exploratory studies at regional scale (greater than1:1M); correlation of soil analytical data should be done more rigorously when more detailed scientific work is considered.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Asia", "India", "Indo-Gangetic Plains"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "1000000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/sotwis/SOTWIS_IGP-IN.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/projects/harmonized-continental-soter-derived-database-sotwis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_2004_06.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/sotwis/SOTWIS_IGP-IN.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "6eba341b-79d7-4b40-bc19-14a9066f1386", "name": "item", "description": "6eba341b-79d7-4b40-bc19-14a9066f1386", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/6eba341b-79d7-4b40-bc19-14a9066f1386"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1950-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"]}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Indo-Gangetic+Plains&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Indo-Gangetic+Plains&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Indo-Gangetic+Plains&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Indo-Gangetic+Plains&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T13:13:52.716408Z"}