{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl.  The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. 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