{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Numerically scheduling plant water deficit index-based smart irrigation to optimize crop yield and water use efficiency", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200303, 2017YFE0118100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water transport", "01 natural sciences", "Irrigation scheduling", "Decision support system", "Regulated deficit irrigation", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-02", "title": "Optimizing relative root-zone water depletion thresholds to maximize yield and water productivity of winter wheat using AquaCrop", "description": "Determination of relative root-zone water depletion (RRWD) thresholds to trigger irrigation is crucial to create optimal irrigation schedules targeting maximum yield and/or water productivity with limited water supply for a crop. In this study, a numerical procedure to determine RRWD thresholds was developed through coupling AquaCrop software with genetic-simplex algorithms. Using a two-year field lysimetric experiment for winter wheat conducted in the North China Plain (NCP), AquaCrop adequately simulated canopy cover, final aboveground biomass, grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration, and soil water storage, with the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) smaller than 15 % and determination coefficient (R2) larger than 0.84. The global optimum range of RRWD thresholds was preliminarily determined using the genetic algorithm, and subsequently final RRWD thresholds were optimized by fine tuning using the simplex algorithm. The RRWD threshold combinations (composed of the RRWD thresholds to trigger different sequential irrigation events) for varying number of irrigation events (i.e.1\u20134) were optimized based on 39 years of historical meteorological data, and the effects of climate change on the optimal crop yield (Ya, opt), water productivity (WPopt), and the combinations of optimized RRWD threshold (RRWDopt) were investigated. The results indicated that both Ya, opt and WPopt generally increased with time showing a tendency of gradually elevated annual CO2 concentration and seasonal average effective temperature. Irrespective of the number of irrigation events during the winter wheat growing season, the differences of RRWDopt for different combinations of irrigation sequence and event in the same kind of hydrological year were relatively small, with a coefficient of variation consistently less than 23 % and a mean of 8 %. When combinations of mean RRWDopt were applied into AquaCrop to trigger irrigation for winter wheat in various hydrological years, the simulated yield (Ya, sim) and water productivity (WPsim) under 1\u20134 irrigation events were found to be comparable to their respective optimums (Ya, opt and WPopt), with all the values of Ya, sim (WPsim) falling in the range of 92 %Ya, opt (90 %WPopt). Therefore, the mean RRWDopt should be helpful to formulate rational irrigation management strategies of winter wheat under changing climatic conditions in the NCP.", "keywords": ["HD9000-9495", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Evapotranspiration", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agricultural industries", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Irrigation scheduling", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "Optimization algorithm", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop model"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108391"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108391", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106585", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-18", "title": "Parameterization of the AquaCrop model for simulating table grapes growth and water productivity in an arid region of Mexico.", "description": "Abstract   Currently, the AquaCrop model has been widely tested for many fruit/grain crops; root and tuber crops; leafy vegetables, or forage crops, but is restricted to annual herbaceous species, while deciduous crops have received less if no attention. In this context, this study aims to test for the first time the ability of the AquaCrop model to simulate canopy cover (CC), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), total soil water content (TWC), biomass (B) and fruit yield (FY) of table grapes vineyards (Vitis vinifera L., cvs. Perlette and Superior) at the Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora in Northwest Mexico. Observed weather and soil physical parameters, with measured crop parameters from an experiment conducted during 2005 were used to develop climate, soil and crop input files for AquaCrop and for calibrating the model. While collected data during the 2006 growing season were used to validate the model.\u00a0The model adequately simulated CC, ETa and TWC during 2005 and 2006. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between observed and measured CC, ETa and TWC were 5.18%, 0.46\u00a0mm/day and 10.11\u00a0mm during 2005, and 8.82%, 0.84\u00a0mm/day and 9.1\u00a0mm during 2006, respectively. The good accuracy of simulations of CC, ETa and TWC by the model have been confirmed by additional statistical parameters like the coefficient of determination (R2), The Mean Bias Error (MBE), the Willmott\u2019s index of agreement (d) and the Nash\u2013Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE).  For the B and FY simulations, the results showed that the model correctly reproduced the B and FY with NRMSE value of 8.8%. The estimated average value of FY (14.56\u00a0t/ha) for both seasons are in the range of the potential yield (14\u201318\u00a0t/ha) of table grapes in the irrigated Costa de Hermosillo in northwest Mexico.  After the validation of the AquaCrop model, it was used to evaluate the irrigation scheduling by the farmer as well as to assess the water productivity computed as the ratio of crop production to crop water use. The results showed that, the recommended irrigation by the model was about 547\u00a0mm and 509\u00a0mm, which it is about half of that applied by the farmer (1006\u00a0mm and 929\u00a0mm) during 2005 and 2006, respectively. This large difference, which represents approximately 54% and 57% of the irrigation supply, is lost through deep percolation and could be saved without vegetation suffering from water stress while maintaining the same yield. The high loss of water by percolation affects significantly the water productivity (WP), which decreases from 3.22 to 1.74\u00a0kg/m3 if we consider the transpiration (WPTr), and the sum of ETa and Percolation (WPETa+Pr) for WP computations, respectively. Consequently, the AquaCrop model can be used as an operational tool by decision makers and growers to improve irrigation management. This is of crucial importance in arid and semi-arid regions where water is becoming increasingly scarce.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "Water productivity", "[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics]", "Percolation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tablegrapes (Vitisvinifera L. cvs. Perletteand Superior)", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Irrigation scheduling", "AquaCrop", "[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]", "Vitisvinifera L cvs Perletteand Superior", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tablegrapes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106585"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106585", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106585", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106585"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107669", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-29", "title": "Plant water deficit index-based irrigation under conditions of salinity", "description": "Project Co-ordinators: Dr. Jose Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero (Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CISC), Dr. Weifeng Xu (Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, FAFU).-- Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). In arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity and soil salinization are major factors impacting sustainable agricultural production. In this study, a macroscopic root-water-uptake model was used to adapt a plant water deficit index (PWDI) for irrigation scheduling under conditions of coexisting soil water and salinity stress-causing factors. The traditional approach, estimating PWDI with average root zone soil water and salt amounts, was improved by weighting the effects of soil water and salinity according to the normalized root length density profile. An experiment growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in soil columns and an experiment growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a salinized field were implemented to explore and quantify the effects of soil water and salinity conditions on plant water status, and thus to validate the improvement and evaluate its application, by monitoring soil water and salinity dynamics and plant growth indexes (e.g., leaf area, dry weight, leaf water potential, transpiration and yield). The results indicate that, even under conditions with equal root zone averages of soil matric and osmotic potentials, plant water status might be significantly different. In general, plants were less stressed when more water and less salinity were allocated in the upper root zone with more roots while less water and more salinity occurred in the lower root zone with less roots. By referring to some information in the soil column experiment, a numerical experiment was conducted to further demonstrate the improvement. The root-weighted approach resulted in improved PWDI estimation and thus was more reliable for irrigation scheduling, leading to higher irrigation frequency and quantity, leaf area index, biomass, yield, and transpiration, without significant decrease in water productivity. However, further improvement could be possible by considering the effects of historical soil water and salinity stresses as well as meteorological conditions on plant water status. This research was supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Major Scientific and Technological Program of Xinjiang in China (2020A01002\u20133), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui (773903). Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil salinity", "Plant water deficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Irrigation scheduling", "Data driven irrigation management", "6. Clean water", "Soil water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Root distribution"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Lining, Wang, Tianshu, Wang, Lichun, Wu, Xun, Zuo, Qiang, Shi, Jianchu, Sheng, Jiandong, Jiang, Pingan, Chen, Quanjia, Ben-Gal, Alon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107669"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107669", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107669", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107669"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-20", "title": "Evaluation and analysis of deep percolation losses of drip irrigated citrus crops under non-saline and saline conditions in a semi-arid area", "description": "In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation management is important to avoid water loss by soil evaporation and deep percolation (DP). In this context, estimating the irrigation water demand has been investigated by many studies in the Haouz plain. However, DP losses beneath irrigated areas in the plain have not been quantified. To fill the gap, this study evaluated DP over two drip-irrigated citrus orchards (Agafay and Saada) using both water balance and direct fluxmeter measurement methods, and explored the simple FAO-56 approach to optimise irrigation in order to both avoid crop water stress and reduce DP losses in case of non-saline and saline soils. The experimental measurements determined different terms of the water balance by using an Eddy-Covariance system, fluxmeter, soil moisture sensors and a meteorological station. Using the water balance equation and fluxmeter measurements, results showed that about 37% and 45% of supplied water was lost by DP in Saada and Agafay sites, respectively. The main cause of DP losses was the mismatch between irrigation and the real crop water requirement. For Agafay site, it was found that increased over-irrigation had the effect of reducing soil salinity by leaching salts.  The applied FAO-56 model suggested an optimal irrigation scheduling by taking into account both rainfall and soil salinity. The recommended irrigations could save about 39% of supplied water in non-saline soil at Saada and from 30% to 47% in saline soil at Agafay.", "keywords": ["Fluxmeter", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Irrigation scheduling", "6. Clean water", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "FAO-56 approach", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "Water balance", "Saline soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosystems%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13183789", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-22", "title": "Optimizing the Sowing Date to Improve Water Management and Wheat Yield in a Large Irrigation Scheme, through a Remote Sensing and an Evolution Strategy-Based Approach", "description": "<p>This study aims to investigate the effects of an optimized sowing calendar for wheat over a surface irrigation scheme in the semi-arid region of Haouz (Morocco) on irrigation water requirements, crop growth and development and on yield. For that, a scenario-based simulation approach based on the covariance matrix adaptation\uffe2\uff80\uff93evolution strategy (CMA-ES) was proposed to optimize both the spatiotemporal distribution of sowing dates and the irrigation schedules, and then evaluate wheat crop using the 2011\uffe2\uff80\uff932012 growing season dataset. Six sowing scenarios were simulated and compared to identify the most optimal spatiotemporal sowing calendar. The obtained results showed that with reference to the existing sowing patterns, early sowing of wheat leads to higher yields compared to late sowing (from 7.40 to 5.32 t/ha). Compared with actual conditions in the study area, the spatial heterogeneity is highly reduced, which increased equity between farmers. The results also showed that the proportion of plots irrigated in time can be increased (from 40% to 82%) compared to both the actual irrigation schedules and to previous results of irrigation optimization, which did not take into consideration sowing dates optimization. Furthermore, considerable reduction of more than 40% of applied irrigation water can be achieved by optimizing sowing dates. Thus, the proposed approach in this study is relevant for irrigation managers and farmers since it provides an insight on the consequences of their agricultural practices regarding the wheat sowing calendar and irrigation scheduling and can be implemented to recommend the best practices to adopt.</p>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "evolutionary algorithm", "grain yield", "Science", "Q", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "seeding date", "15. Life on land", "water resources", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "irrigation scheduling", "wheat", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "seeding date; irrigation scheduling; evolutionary algorithm; optimization; water resources; wheat; grain yield", "optimization", "water re- sources"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3789/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3789/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183789"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13183789", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13183789", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13183789"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/276620", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Numerically scheduling plant water deficit index-based smart irrigation to optimize crop yield and water use efficiency", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200303, 2017YFE0118100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water transport", "01 natural sciences", "Irrigation scheduling", "Decision support system", "Regulated deficit irrigation", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/276620"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/276620", "name": "item", "description": "10261/276620", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/276620"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/276553", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-29", "title": "Plant water deficit index-based irrigation under conditions of salinity", "description": "Project Co-ordinators: Dr. Jose Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero (Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CISC), Dr. Weifeng Xu (Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, FAFU).-- Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). In arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity and soil salinization are major factors impacting sustainable agricultural production. In this study, a macroscopic root-water-uptake model was used to adapt a plant water deficit index (PWDI) for irrigation scheduling under conditions of coexisting soil water and salinity stress-causing factors. The traditional approach, estimating PWDI with average root zone soil water and salt amounts, was improved by weighting the effects of soil water and salinity according to the normalized root length density profile. An experiment growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in soil columns and an experiment growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a salinized field were implemented to explore and quantify the effects of soil water and salinity conditions on plant water status, and thus to validate the improvement and evaluate its application, by monitoring soil water and salinity dynamics and plant growth indexes (e.g., leaf area, dry weight, leaf water potential, transpiration and yield). The results indicate that, even under conditions with equal root zone averages of soil matric and osmotic potentials, plant water status might be significantly different. In general, plants were less stressed when more water and less salinity were allocated in the upper root zone with more roots while less water and more salinity occurred in the lower root zone with less roots. By referring to some information in the soil column experiment, a numerical experiment was conducted to further demonstrate the improvement. The root-weighted approach resulted in improved PWDI estimation and thus was more reliable for irrigation scheduling, leading to higher irrigation frequency and quantity, leaf area index, biomass, yield, and transpiration, without significant decrease in water productivity. However, further improvement could be possible by considering the effects of historical soil water and salinity stresses as well as meteorological conditions on plant water status. This research was supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Major Scientific and Technological Program of Xinjiang in China (2020A01002\u20133), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui (773903). Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil salinity", "Plant water deficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Irrigation scheduling", "Data driven irrigation management", "6. Clean water", "Soil water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Root distribution"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Lining, Wang, Tianshu, Wang, Lichun, Wu, Xun, Zuo, Qiang, Shi, Jianchu, Sheng, Jiandong, Jiang, Pingan, Chen, Quanjia, Ben-Gal, Alon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/276553"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/276553", "name": "item", "description": "10261/276553", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/276553"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2768342228", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:25:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-20", "title": "Evaluation and analysis of deep percolation losses of drip irrigated citrus crops under non-saline and saline conditions in a semi-arid area", "description": "In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation management is important to avoid water loss by soil evaporation and deep percolation (DP). In this context, estimating the irrigation water demand has been investigated by many studies in the Haouz plain. However, DP losses beneath irrigated areas in the plain have not been quantified. To fill the gap, this study evaluated DP over two drip-irrigated citrus orchards (Agafay and Saada) using both water balance and direct fluxmeter measurement methods, and explored the simple FAO-56 approach to optimise irrigation in order to both avoid crop water stress and reduce DP losses in case of non-saline and saline soils. The experimental measurements determined different terms of the water balance by using an Eddy-Covariance system, fluxmeter, soil moisture sensors and a meteorological station. Using the water balance equation and fluxmeter measurements, results showed that about 37% and 45% of supplied water was lost by DP in Saada and Agafay sites, respectively. The main cause of DP losses was the mismatch between irrigation and the real crop water requirement. For Agafay site, it was found that increased over-irrigation had the effect of reducing soil salinity by leaching salts.  The applied FAO-56 model suggested an optimal irrigation scheduling by taking into account both rainfall and soil salinity. The recommended irrigations could save about 39% of supplied water in non-saline soil at Saada and from 30% to 47% in saline soil at Agafay.", "keywords": ["Fluxmeter", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Irrigation scheduling", "6. Clean water", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "FAO-56 approach", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "Water balance", "Saline soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2768342228"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosystems%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2768342228", "name": "item", "description": "2768342228", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2768342228"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3128569961", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:26:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Numerically scheduling plant water deficit index-based smart irrigation to optimize crop yield and water use efficiency", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200303, 2017YFE0118100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. 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