Climate oscillations in the Quaternary forced species to major latitudinal or altitudinal range shifts. It has been suggested that adaptation concomitant with range shifts plays key roles in species responses during climate oscillations, but the role of selection for local adaptation to climatic changes remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated population structure, demographic history and signatures of climate-driven selection based on genome-wide polymorphism data of 141 Japanese Arabidopsis halleri individuals, with European ones as outgroups. Coalescent-based analyses suggested a genetic differentiation between Japanese subpopulations since the Last Glacial Period (LGP), which would have contributed to shaping the current pattern of population structure. Population demographic analysis revealed the population size fluctuations in the LGP, which were particularly prominent since the subpopulations started to diverge (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc50, 000 years ago). The ecological niche modeling predicted the geographic or distribution range shifts from southern coastal regions to northern coastal and mountainous areas, possibly in association with the population size fluctuations. Through genome-wide association analyses of bioclimatic variables and selection scans, we investigated whether climate-associated loci are enriched in the extreme tails of selection scans, and demonstrated the prevailing signatures of selection, particularly toward a warmer climate in southern subpopulations and a drier environment in northern subpopulations, which may have taken place during or after the LGP. Our study highlights the importance of integrating climate associations, selection scans and population demographic analyses for identifying genomic signatures of population-specific adaptation, which would also help us predict the evolutionary responses to future climate changes.Global soil carbon (C) stocks account for approximately three times that found in the atmosphere. In the Aso mountain region of Southern Japan, seminatural grasslands have been maintained by annual harvests and/or burning for more than 1000\uffc2\uffa0years. Quantification of soil C stocks and C sequestration rates in Aso mountain ecosystem is needed to make well\uffe2\uff80\uff90informed, land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use decisions to maximize C sinks while minimizing C emissions. Soil cores were collected from six sites within 200\uffc2\uffa0km2 (767\uffe2\uff80\uff93937\uffc2\uffa0m asl.) from the surface down to the k\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ah layer established 7300\uffc2\uffa0years ago by a volcanic eruption. The biological sources of the C stored in the Aso mountain ecosystem were investigated by combining C content at a number of sampling depths with age (using 14C dating) and \uffce\uffb413C isotopic fractionation. Quantification of plant phytoliths at several depths was used to make basic reconstructions of past vegetation and was linked with C\uffe2\uff80\uff90sequestration rates. The mean total C stock of all six sites was 232\uffc2\uffa0Mg C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (28\uffe2\uff80\uff93417\uffc2\uffa0Mg C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which equates to a soil C sequestration rate of 32\uffc2\uffa0kg C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over 7300\uffc2\uffa0years. Mean soil C sequestration rates over 34, 50 and 100\uffc2\uffa0years were estimated by an equation regressing soil C sequestration rate against soil C accumulation interval, which was modeled to be 618, 483 and 332\uffc2\uffa0kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Such data allows for a deeper understanding in how much C could be sequestered in Miscanthus grasslands at different time scales. In Aso, tribe Andropogoneae (especially Miscanthus and Schizoachyrium genera) and tribe Paniceae contributed between 64% and 100% of soil C based on \uffce\uffb413C abundance. We conclude that the seminatural, C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated grassland system serves as an important C sink, and worthy of future conservation.
", "keywords": ["470", "2. Zero hunger", "plant phytolith", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Miscanthus sinensis", "soil 14C dating", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "soil carbon sequestration", "Japan", "13. Climate action", "\u03b413C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "C4 plant"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12189"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12189", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12189", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12189"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/plb.12400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-25", "title": "Light Compensation Points In Shade-Grown Seedlings Of Deciduous Broadleaf Tree Species With Different Successional Traits Raised Under Elevated Co2", "description": "AbstractWe measured leaf photosynthetic traits in shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown seedlings of four tree species native to northern Japan, raised under an elevated CO2 condition, to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on shade tolerance of deciduous broadleaf tree species with different successional traits. We considered Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Betula maximowicziana as pioneer species, Quercus mongolica var. crispula as a mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional species, and Acer mono as a climax species. The plants were grown under shade conditions (10% of full sunlight) in a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulated phytotron. Light compensation points (LCPs) decreased in all tree species when grown under elevated CO2 (720\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffb7mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which were accompanied by higher apparent quantum yields but no photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation. LCPs in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica and A.\uffc2\uffa0mono grown under elevated CO2 were lower than those in the two pioneer birch species. The LCP in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica seedlings was not different from that of A.\uffc2\uffa0mono in each CO2 treatment. However, lower dark respiration rates were observed in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono than in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica, suggesting higher shade tolerance in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono as a climax species in relation to carbon loss at night. Thus, elevated CO2 may have enhanced shade tolerance by lowering LCPs in all species, but the ranking of shade tolerance related to successional traits did not change among species under elevated CO2, i.e. the highest shade tolerance was observed in the climax species (A.\uffc2\uffa0mono), followed by a gap\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent species (Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica), while lower shade tolerance was observed in the pioneer species (B.\uffc2\uffa0platyphylla and B.\uffc2\uffa0maximowicziana).
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "CO2 enrichment", "photosynthesis", "Acclimatization", "Acer", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "650", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Apparent quantum yield", "Trees", "shade tolerance", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "Phenotype", "Japan", "Seedlings", "Sunlight", "Photosynthesis", "dark respiration", "Betula"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/plb.12400", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/plb.12400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1266/ggs.88.93", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-03", "title": "Soil Bacterial Community Structure In Five Tropical Forests In Malaysia And One Temperate Forest In Japan Revealed By Pyrosequencing Analyses Of 16s Rrna Gene Sequence Variation", "description": "Bacterial community structure was investigated in five tropical rainforests in Sarawak, Malaysia and one temperate forest in Kyoto, Japan. A hierarchical sampling approach was employed, in which soil samples were collected from five sampling-sites within each forest. Pyrosequencing was performed to analyze a total of 493,790 16S rRNA amplicons. Despite differences in aboveground conditions, the composition of bacterial groups was similar across all sampling-sites and forests, with Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes accounting for 90% of all Phyla detected. At higher taxonomic levels, the same taxa were predominant, although there was significant heterogeneity in relative abundance of specific taxa across sampling-sites within one forest or across different forests. In all forests, the level of bacterial diversity, estimated using the Chao1 index, was on the order of 1,000, suggesting that tropical rainforests did not necessarily have a large soil bacterial diversity. The average number of reads per species (OTUs) per sampling-site was 8.0, and more than 40-50% of species were singletons, indicating that most bacterial species occurred infrequently and that few bacterial species achieved high predominance. Approximately 30% of species were specific to one sampling-site within a forest, and 40-60% of species were uniquely detected in one of the six forests studied here. Only 0.2% of species were detected in all forests, while on average 32.1% of species were detected in all sampling-sites within a forest. The results suggested that bacterial communities adapted to specific micro- and macro-environments, but macro-environmental diversity made a larger contribution to total bacterial diversity in forest soil.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Malaysia", "Genetic Variation", "Biodiversity", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "15. Life on land", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Japan", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.88.93"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Genes%20%26amp%3B%20Genetic%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1266/ggs.88.93", "name": "item", "description": "10.1266/ggs.88.93", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1266/ggs.88.93"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.crjdfn327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Effect of soil carbon amendments in reversing the legacy effect of plant invasion", "description": "1. Invasive plant species are key drivers of global environmental changes leading to the disruption of ecosystems they invade. Many invasive species engage in novel niche construction through plant-soil feedbacks facilitated by the input of secondary compounds, which help their further spread and survival. These compounds can persist in soil even after the removal of the invader thus creating a legacy effect that inhibits the return of native flora and fauna. Thus, formulating active intervention strategies that can reverse niche construction is critical for the restoration of these invaded ecosystems. 2. We hypothesized that the management practices that can reverse the soil carbon and nutrient cycling in invaded ecosystems can facilitate the rapid restoration of the invaded sites. We predicted that adding soil C amendments such as activated carbon and biochar can alter the microbial functional activity and nutrient cycling leading to the restoration of invaded habitats. We tested this hypothesis in an old-field in Massachusetts that has been invaded by Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) for >20 years. 3. After two years of treatment application, the activated carbon and biochar amended plots had 80% more biomass of the prairie species than the control plots. The C amendments also altered soil nutrient cycling and fungal biomass and enzyme activity compared to the control plots. The nitrate content of C amended plots was 5 times higher than the non-amended control plots indicating an increased nitrogen mineralization in C amended plots potentially due to the sorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbon and biochar that makes them unavailable. This was further supported by the increased phenol oxidase activity which might have been less inhibited by tannins and led to increased organic matter decomposition. 4. Synthesis and conclusions: Our results thus reveal the potential of soil C amendments in reversing niche construction and legacy effects of polyphenol-rich invasive species and indicate that biochar could be a more economically feasible alternative to activated carbon in restoring invaded ecosystems. Our results also emphasize that understanding the mechanism through which invasive species engage in niche construction is vital in formulating suitable knowledge-based restoration practices for invaded ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Activated carbon", "Japanese knotweed", "biochar", "phenolic compounds", "Legacy effect", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Suseela, Vidya, Zhang, Ziliang, Bhowmik, Prasanta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.crjdfn327"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.crjdfn327", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.crjdfn327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.crjdfn327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.c85gk", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Plant-soil interactions shape the identity and persistence of soil organic carbon in invaded ecosystems: implication for legacy effects", "description": "unspecified1. Introduced, invasive plants can alter local soil chemistry and microbial communities, but the underlying mechanisms and extent of these changes are largely unknown. Based on characteristics associated with invasiveness in plants, it was hypothesized that introduced species that produce large amounts of litter with distinctive secondary compounds can a) alter the chemistry of both extractable and bulk carbon in the soil, b) shift microbial communities towards microbes better able to metabolize the compounds in the litter, and c) cause soil carbon chemistry and microbial communities to shift to relatively uniform, novel states at multiple sites. 2. Composition of phenolics in senescent tissues (leaves and roots) of Polygonum cuspidatum was compared to the composition of extractable phenolics and non-extractable bulk organic carbon in soils under and adjacent to large, long-established stands of P. cuspidatum at four sites in the eastern U.S. Rates of degradation of phenolics, activities of enzymes associated with the breakdown of phenolics, and shifts in microbial community composition were also measured at the sites. 3. Soils under P. cuspidatum stands contained twice as much phenolics as adjacent soils, but the composition of phenolics differed greatly between soils under stands and senescent tissues of P. cuspidatum. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins constituted >90% of the identified phenolics in P. cuspidatum tissues, whereas monophenolic compounds accounted for > 90% of the phenolics in soils under stands. Soils under and adjacent to stands also exhibited distinctive compositions of relatively persistent bulk organic carbon; composition differed less between soils under stands at different sites than between soils under and adjacent to stands at the same site. 4. Soils under P. cuspidatum had 2.8 times greater abundance of fungi than soils adjacent to stands, and fungal markers showed clear separation of soils under and adjacent to P. cuspidatum. However, the potential activity of enzymes that degrade polyphenols was lower in soils under stands. Exogenously applied chemically complex polyphenols persisted in both P. cuspidatum invaded and adjacent non-invaded soils, whereas less complex compounds rapidly disappeared from both soils. 5. Synthesis. Results suggest that interactions between plant inputs, abiotic reactions, and biotic transformations may create and maintain new states in invaded soils that are chemically and biologically less diverse. In the case of polyphenol rich, fast growing invasive species, these interactions may alter the composition of bulk soil organic matter that has slower turnover rates, resulting in legacy effects. Restoration could thus require, not just removal of the species, but also post-removal interventions such as soil amendments.", "keywords": ["Flavonoids", "Peroxidases", "Mass spectrometry", "tannins", "Fallopia japonica", "Japanese knotweed", "Reynoutria japonica", "Polyphenols", "home-field advantage", "Legacy effect", "15. Life on land", "soil enzymes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Suseela, Vidya, Alpert, Peter, Nakatsu, Cindy H., Armstrong, Arthur, Tharayil, Nishanth,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c85gk"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.c85gk", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.c85gk", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.c85gk"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10836974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic Matter, Geochemical, Visible Spectrocolorimetric Properties, Radiocesium Properties, and Grain Size of Potential Source Material, Target Sediment Core Layers and Laboratory Mixtures for Conducting Sediment Fingerprinting Approaches in the Mano Dam Reservoir (Hayama Lake) Catchment, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan", "description": "The current dataset was compiled to study sediment fingerprintings practices, i.e tracer selection and contribution modelling. Organic matter, elemental geochemistry, visible difuse spectrocolorimetric properties, radiocesium properties, and grain size were analysed were analysed in potential source material that may supply sediment to coastal rivers, here the upper part of the Mano river, draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (Japan). Four potential soil source materials (n = 68) were considered: undecontaminated cropland (n = 24), as non-decontaminated soil before the application of local decontamination policies, remediated cropland (n = 10), as decontaminated soil after the application of local decontamination policies, forest soils (n = 24) and subsurface material originating from channel bank collapse or landslides (n = 10; referred to as subsoil). A sediment core was collected in the Mano Dam lake (Hayama lake) on the 6th June 2021 and was sectionned into 1-cm layers (n = 38). Laboratory mixtures (n = 27) were made to assess different contribution levels from the sources. The current dataset comprises four .csv files including data and metadata information and their respective descriptions of variables. The data set is composed of soil samples, sediment core layer and laboratory mixtures. Laboratory mixtures were prepared to provide a dataset to calibrate/validate un-mixing models implemented to address this research question and analysed in the same conditions and using the same equipment as the source/target material. Recommended encoding format: latin1", "keywords": ["Sediment Tracing", "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plan", "15. Life on land", "Sediment Source Fingerprinting", "Sediment transport", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "FDNPP", "Source-to-Sink", "Japan", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Soil erosion", "Sediment", "Soil Erosion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chalaux-Clergue, Thomas, Evrard, Olivier, Durand, Roxanne, Caumon, Alison, Hayashi, Seiji, Tsuji, Hideki, Huon, Sylvain, Vaury, V\u00e9ronique, Wakiyama, Yoshifumi, Nakao, Atsushi, Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10836974"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10836974", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10836974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10836974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10593/14766", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:05Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Spo\u0142eczno-kulturowe konstrukcje pi\u0142ki no\u017cnej: m\u0119sko\u015b\u0107, kolektywna to\u017csamo\u015b\u0107 i japonizacja", "description": "The purpose of this article is to present three selected contemporary socio-cultural constructs of football. Due to its immense popularity and media exposure, this sport is an area of expressing and crystallizing many social trends and concerns as well as the diversity of cultural (re-)adaptation. There is no doubt that football is a sport associated with the \u201cmale culture\u201d. However, in the context of globalization, adapting football for the local requirements of the Japanese consumer market so unexpectedly has brought its feminization. One can even observe an inversion of traditional gender roles in this field: the female audience evaluates and admires the football players\u2019 male bodies. 37 313 326 10.14746/se.2015.37.18 Studia Edukacyjne", "keywords": ["football", "social stratification", "5. Gender equality", "collective identity", "Japanization", "masculinity", "10. No inequality", "feminization"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Melosik, Zbyszko", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10593/14766"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10593/14766", "name": "item", "description": "10593/14766", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10593/14766"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2247276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Theory Z", "keywords": ["03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Japan", "Nursing Service", " Hospital", "0305 other medical science", "Personnel Management", "United States"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J J, Viau", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2247276"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nursing%20Management%20%28Springhouse%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2247276", "name": "item", "description": "2247276", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2247276"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1990-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "31564113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-30", "title": "Attitudes and Other Factors Influencing End-of-Life Discussion by Physicians, Nurses, and Care Staff: A Nationwide Survey in Japan", "description": "Context:Better understanding about the attitudes of health-care providers toward end-of-life discussion would facilitate the development of systematic strategies for improving end-of-life care.
Objective:To clarify attitudes toward end-of-life discussion with patients near death and explore the factors influencing these attitudes among physicians, nurses, and care staff.
Methods:This study was part of a nationwide cross-sectional anonymous survey of the public attitudes toward end-of-life medical care performed in December 2017. The participants were physicians, nurses, and care staff from randomly selected facilities, including hospitals, clinics, home-visit nursing offices, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities throughout Japan. The questionnaire was sent to 4500 physicians, 6000 nurses, and 2000 care staff. We assessed attitudes about end-of-life discussion with patients near death, identification of the proxy decision maker, and sharing documented information on end-of-life discussion with the multidisciplinary team.
Results:We analyzed responses from 1012 physicians, 1824 nurses, and 749 care staff. The number of responders who considered they had adequate end-of-life discussion with patients near death was 281 (27.8%), 324 (17.8%), and 139 (18.6%), respectively. Participation in a nationwide education program and caring for at least 1 dying patient per month were factors that showed a significant association with adequate end-of-life discussion and identification of the proxy decision maker.
Conclusions:The percentages of physicians, nurses, and care staff involved in adequate end-of-life discussion with patients near death were not high. Participation in a structured education program might have a positive influence on end-of-life discussion with patients. Climate oscillations in the Quaternary forced species to major latitudinal or altitudinal range shifts. It has been suggested that adaptation concomitant with range shifts plays key roles in species responses during climate oscillations, but the role of selection for local adaptation to climatic changes remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated population structure, demographic history and signatures of climate-driven selection based on genome-wide polymorphism data of 141 Japanese Arabidopsis halleri individuals, with European ones as outgroups. Coalescent-based analyses suggested a genetic differentiation between Japanese subpopulations since the Last Glacial Period (LGP), which would have contributed to shaping the current pattern of population structure. Population demographic analysis revealed the population size fluctuations in the LGP, which were particularly prominent since the subpopulations started to diverge (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc50, 000 years ago). The ecological niche modeling predicted the geographic or distribution range shifts from southern coastal regions to northern coastal and mountainous areas, possibly in association with the population size fluctuations. Through genome-wide association analyses of bioclimatic variables and selection scans, we investigated whether climate-associated loci are enriched in the extreme tails of selection scans, and demonstrated the prevailing signatures of selection, particularly toward a warmer climate in southern subpopulations and a drier environment in northern subpopulations, which may have taken place during or after the LGP. Our study highlights the importance of integrating climate associations, selection scans and population demographic analyses for identifying genomic signatures of population-specific adaptation, which would also help us predict the evolutionary responses to future climate changes.30 cm DBH) to avoid influences from species other than larch and oak. Data collection: Dwarf bamboo: Average height measured from five random points per plot. Understory vascular plants: All species, including trees and shrubs <1.3 m tall, recorded. Species cover: Measured using a modified Braun-Blanquet cover class system with seven cover categories. Braun -Blanquet scaleCover range (%)Used in calculations (%) r <0.1 + 0.1 \u2013 1 1 1 \u2013 5 2 5 \u2013 25 3 25 \u2013 50 4 50 \u2013 75 5 75 \u2013 100 *For dwarf bamboo, which was very abundant, 100% cover was used for category 5. This did not affect the calculations. Taxonomic groupings: Grouped species: Dwarf bamboos: Sasa spp. (S. kurilensis, S. nipponica, S. palmata, Sasamorpha borealis). Graminoids: Carex, Juncus, Luzula, Poaceae. Non-flowering specimens: Rosa, Rubus, Viola (excluding Viola tokubuchiana var. tokubuchiana which was registered separately). Maple seedlings: Acer spp. (excluding A. rufinerve which was registered separately). Birch seedlings: Betula (B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. ermanii). Euonymus species: E. alatus, E. macropterus, E. sieboldianus (excluding vine E. fortunei). 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