{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10533-023-01091-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-15", "title": "Global observation gaps of peatland greenhouse gas balances: needs and obstacles", "description": "Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.250\u00a0\u03bcm), microaggregate (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm), and d-clay (<2\u00a0\u03bcm) fractions. The microaggregate comprised the highest soil C content after the conversion from forest-to-pasture. The C content of the d-silt fraction decreased with time since conversion to pasture. Forest-derived C remained in all fractions with the highest concentration in the finest fractions, with the largest proportion of forest-derived soil C associated with clay minerals. Results from this work indicate that microaggregate formation is sensitive to changes in management and might serve as an indicator for management-induced soil carbon changes, and the soil C changes in the fractions are dependent on soil texture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "tropical land-use change", "soil physical fractionation", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37758/1/lisb7891.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-009-9288-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-004-0368-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-09", "title": "Regional Variation In Soil Carbon And \u039413c In Forests And Pastures Of Northeastern Costa Rica", "description": "Recent studies suggest that the direction and magnitude of changes in soil organic carbon (soil C) pools following forest-to-pasture conversion in the tropics are dependent upon initial soil conditions and local factors (e.g. pre-conversion soil C content, soil texture, vegetation productivity, and management practices). The goal of this study was to understand how landscape-scale variation in soil-forming factors influenced the response of soil C pools to forest clearing and pasture establishment in northeastern Costa Rica. We measured soil C and its stable isotopic composition in 24 paired pasture and reference forest sites distributed over large gradients of edaphic characteristics and slope throughout a 1400 km2 region. We used the large difference in stable C isotopic signatures of C3 vegetation (rain forest) versus C4 vegetation (pasture grasses) as a tracer of soil C dynamics. Soil C pools to 30 cm depth ranged from 26% lower to 23% higher in pastures compared to paired forests. The presence of non-crystalline clays and percent slope explained between 27 and 37% of the variation in the direction and magnitude of the changes in soil C storage following pasture establishment. Stable carbon isotopes (\u03b413C) in the top soil (0\u201310 cm) showed a rapid incorporation of pasture-derived C following pasture establishment, but the vegetation in these pastures never became pure C4 communities. The amount of forest-derived soil C in pasture topsoils (0\u201310 cm) was negatively correlated to both pasture age and the concentrations of non-crystalline iron oxides. Together these results imply that site factors such as soil mineralogy are an important control over soil C storage and turnover in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Costa Rica; Land-use change; Pasture; Soil carbon; Stable carbon isotopes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-0368-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-004-0368-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-004-0368-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-004-0368-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-10", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon Stock After Cropland Conversion To Grassland In Russian Temperate Zone: Measurements Versus Model Simulation", "description": "The collapse of Soviet Union in early 1990s led to abandonment of large area of arable land which is assumed to act as a carbon (C) sink. We studied the ability of two dynamic soil C models (Yasso07 and RothC) to predict changes in soil C content after cropland abandonment. The performance of the models was compared using the results of a long-term experiment in Pushchino, Moscow region (5450 0 N, 3735 0 E) in Russia. The experiment was divided in four combinations of fertilizer or mowing treatments on former cropland soil. The soil C content was determined in the year of establishment (1980) and thereafter in 1999 and 2004. The soil C stocks increased by about 1.5- to 1.8-fold during the study period. Both models predicted the overall change in soil C relatively well (modelling efficiency of Yasso07 and RothC were 0.60 and 0.73, respectively). Accord- ing to the models, the soil gained on average 140-150 g C m -2 year -1 during the first 5 years after conversion of cropland to grassland. The C seques- tration rate decreased to 40-50 g C m -2 year -1 after 20 years of land use change. The sequestration rates estimated in this study are comparable to the rates observed in other studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "hiili", "carbon", "land use", "Yasso07", "maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RothC", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "kasvinviljely", "maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutos", "soil organic carbon", "land-use change", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Kasvintuotanto", "maaper\u00e4n hiili", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics Following Afforestation Of A Tropical Savannah With Eucalyptus In Congo", "description": "Soil organic matter is a key factor in the global carbon cycle, but the magnitude and the direction of the change in soil carbon after afforestation with Eucalyptus in the tropics is still a matter of controversy. The objective of this work was to understand the dynamics of soil carbon in intensively managed Eucalyptus plantations after the afforestation of a native savannah. The isotopic composition (\u03b4) of soil carbon (C) and soil CO2 efflux (F) were measured on a four-age chronosequence of Eucalyptus and on an adjacent savannah. \u03b4 F was used to partition F between a C3 component and a C4 component, the latter corresponding to the decomposition of a labile pool of savannah-derived soil carbon (C SL). The mean residence time of CSL was 4.6\u00a0years. This further allowed us to partition the savannah-derived soil carbon into a labile and a stable (C SS) carbon pool. C SL accounted for 30% of soil carbon in the top soil of the savannah (0\u20135\u00a0cm), and only 12% when the entire 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil layer was considered. The decrease in C SL with time after plantation was more than compensated by an increase in Eucalyptus-derived carbon, and half of the newly incorporated Eucalyptus-derived carbon in the top soil was associated with the clay and fine silt fractions in the 14-year-old. stand. Increment in soil carbon after afforestation of tropical savannah with Eucalyptus is therefore expected despite a rapid disappearance of the labile savannah-derived carbon because a large fraction of savannah-derived carbon is stable.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "550", "SAVANNAH", "SEQUESTRATION", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "01 natural sciences", "630", "zone tropicale", "PLANTATION", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "EUCALYPTUS", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "sol tropical", "savane", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "13C", "TROPICAL PLANTATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048", "CHANGEMENT D'USAGE DES TERRES", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "Eucalyptus", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_162", "CO2 EFFLUX", "FRACTIONATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "CHRONOSEQUENCE", "15. Life on land", "plantation foresti\u00e8re", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7978", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7979", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "extension foresti\u00e8re", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TURNOVER", "carbone", "SOIL CARBON", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-29", "title": "Exploring Variability In Methods And Data Sensitivity In Carbon Footprints Of Feed Ingredients", "description": "Production of feed is an important contributor to life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, or carbon footprints (CFPs), of livestock products. Consequences of methodological choices and data sensitivity on CFPs of feed ingredients were explored to improve comparison and interpretation of CFP studies. Methods and data for emissions from cultivation and processing, land use (LU), and land use change (LUC) were analyzed. For six ingredients (maize, wheat, palm kernel expeller, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and beet pulp), CFPs resulting from a single change in methods and data were compared with a reference CFP, i.e., based on IPCC Tier 1 methods, and data from literature. Results show that using more detailed methods to compute N2O emissions from cultivation hardly affected reference CFPs, except for methods to determine leaching (contributing to indirect N2O emissions) in which the influence is about -7 to +12 %. Overall, CFPs appeared most sensitive to changes in crop yield and applied synthetic fertilizer N. The inclusion of LULUC emissions can change CFPs considerably, i.e., up to 877 %. The level of LUC emissions per feed ingredient highly depends on the method chosen, as well as on assumptions on area of LUC, C stock levels (mainly aboveground C and soil C), and amortization period. We concluded that variability in methods and data can significantly affect CFPs of feed ingredients and hence CFPs of livestock products. Transparency in methods and data is therefore required. For harmonization, focus should be on methods to calculate leaching and emissions from LULUC. It is important to consider LUC in CFP studies of food, feed, and bioenergy products.", "keywords": ["INDICATORS", "life-cycle assessment", "571", "egg-production systems", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "NETHERLANDS", "milk-production", "netherlands", "EGG-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS", "MITIGATION", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "land-use change", "mitigation", "Methods", "deforestation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Feed ingredients", "2. Zero hunger", "GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS", "Livestock products", "0402 animal and dairy science", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Feed production", "15. Life on land", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "Carbon footprint", "indicators", "pig production", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT", "PIG PRODUCTION", "13. Climate action", "Inventory data", "DEFORESTATION", "MILK-PRODUCTION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13280-016-0836-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-17", "title": "The impact of swidden decline on livelihoods and ecosystem services in Southeast Asia: A review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015", "description": "Open AccessEl cambio econ\u00f3mico global y las intervenciones pol\u00edticas est\u00e1n impulsando las transiciones de los sistemas de golondrina larga (EPA) a usos alternativos de la tierra en las tierras altas del sudeste asi\u00e1tico. Este estudio presenta una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de c\u00f3mo estas transiciones impactan en los medios de vida y los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos en la regi\u00f3n. M\u00e1s de 17 000 estudios publicados entre 1950 y 2015 se redujeron, en funci\u00f3n de la relevancia y la calidad, a 93 estudios para su posterior an\u00e1lisis. Nuestro an\u00e1lisis de las transiciones del uso de la tierra de los sistemas de cultivo sucios a los intensificados mostr\u00f3 varios resultados: m\u00e1s hogares hab\u00edan aumentado los ingresos generales, pero estos beneficios tuvieron un costo significativo, como la reducci\u00f3n de las pr\u00e1cticas consuetudinarias, el bienestar socioecon\u00f3mico, las opciones de medios de vida y los rendimientos de los productos b\u00e1sicos. El examen de los efectos de las transiciones en las propiedades del suelo revel\u00f3 impactos negativos en el carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo, la capacidad de intercambio cati\u00f3nico y el carbono sobre el suelo. En conjunto, los impulsores inmediatos y subyacentes de las transiciones de la EPA a los usos alternativos de la tierra, especialmente la intensificaci\u00f3n de los cultivos comerciales perennes y anuales, condujeron a disminuciones significativas en la seguridad de los medios de vida preexistentes y los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos que respaldan esta seguridad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las pol\u00edticas que imponen transiciones en el uso de la tierra a los agricultores de las tierras altas para mejorar los medios de vida y los entornos han sido err\u00f3neas; en el contexto de los diversos usos de la tierra, la agricultura sucia puede apoyar los medios de vida y los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos que ayudar\u00e1n a amortiguar los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico en el sudeste asi\u00e1tico.", "keywords": ["Economics", "Cropping", "Geography", " Planning and Development", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Optimal Operation of Water Resources Systems", "Review", "02 engineering and technology", "livelihoods", "910", "630", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "land-use change", "Livelihood", "Engineering", "Context (archaeology)", "Natural resource economics", "11. Sustainability", "Business", "Asia", " Southeastern", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Payments for Ecosystem Services", "Geography", "Ecology", "1. No poverty", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Southeast Asia", "swidden agriculture", "Land Tenure and Property Rights in Agriculture", "Programming language", "Archaeology", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "330", "Climate Change", "Soil Science", "Ocean Engineering", "Environmental science", "Livelihood security", "Environmental Chemistry", "Ecosystem services", "Alternative land uses", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Land use", " land-use change and forestry", "Ecosystem", "Planning and Development", "3305 Geography", "land use", "Food security", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "Computer science", "Deforestation (computer science)", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "Shifting cultivation", "ecosystem services", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/248831/3/01_Dressler_The_impact_of_swidden_decline_2017.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0836-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ambio", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13280-016-0836-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13280-016-0836-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13280-016-0836-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-15", "title": "Responses Of Labile Soil Organic Carbon And Enzyme Activity In Mineral Soils To Forest Conversion In The Subtropics", "description": "& Aims Globally, extensive areas of native forest have been almost replaced by plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material and other forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forest conversion on labile soil organic C (SOC), soil respiration, and enzyme activity, and to quantify their relationship in subtropical forest ecosystems. & Methods Surface mineral soil (0\u201320 cm) was collected from a Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. plantation, Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantation, Michelia macclurei Dandy plantation, and an undisturbed native broadleaf forest. Soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, permanganateoxidizable C, basal respiration, and six enzyme activities were investigated. & Results Soil microbial biomass C was higher by 45.9 % in native broadleaf forest than that in M. macclurei Dandy plantation. The ratio of soil microbial biomass C to total SOC was 27.6 % higher in the M. macclurei Dandy plantation than in the native broadleaf forest. The soil respiration increased by 25.2 %a nd 21.7 %a fter conversion from native broadleaf forest to P. massoniana Lamb. and M. macclurei Dandy plantations respectively. The effects of forest conversion on the soil enzyme activities differed among the tree species. Soil microbial biomass C had higher correlation with soil respiration than with the other SOC fractions. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C was positively correlated with urease and negatively correlated with cellulase activity. Soil respiration had higher correlation with soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and permanganate-oxidizable C. & Conclusion Forest conversion affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil respiration, invertase, cellulase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, but their response depended on tree species. Soil respiration was mainly controlled by labile SOC, not by total SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil enzyme", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Labile soil organic C", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "15. Life on land", "Tree species"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silong Wang, Fuming Xiao, Tongxin He, Qingkui Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-10", "title": "Predicted Soil Organic Carbon Stocks And Changes In The Brazilian Amazon Between 2000 And 2030", "description": "Abstract Currently we have little understanding of the impacts of land use change on soil C stocks in the Brazilian Amazon. Such information is needed to determine impacts on the global C cycle and the sustainability of agricultural systems that are replacing native forest. The aim of this study was to predict soil carbon stocks and changes in the Brazilian Amazon during the period between 2000 and 2030, using the GEFSOC soil carbon (C) modelling system. In order to do so, we devised current and future land use scenarios for the Brazilian Amazon, taking into account: (i) deforestation rates from the past three decades, (ii) census data on land use from 1940 to 2000, including the expansion and intensification of agriculture in the region, (iii) available information on management practices, primarily related to well managed pasture versus degraded pasture and conventional systems versus no-tillage systems for soybean ( Glycine max ) and (iv) FAO predictions on agricultural land use and land use changes for the years 2015 and 2030. The land use scenarios were integrated with spatially explicit soils data (SOTER database), climate, potential natural vegetation and land management units using the recently developed GEFSOC soil C modelling system. Results are presented in map, table and graph form for the entire Brazilian Amazon for the current situation (1990 and 2000) and the future (2015 and 2030). Results include soil organic C (SOC) stocks and SOC stock change rates estimated by three methods: (i) the Century ecosystem model, (ii) the Rothamsted C model and (iii) the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) method for assessing soil C at regional scale. In addition, we show estimated values of above and belowground biomass for native vegetation, pasture and soybean. The results on regional SOC stocks compare reasonably well with those based on mapping approaches. The GEFSOC system provided a means of efficiently handling complex interactions among biotic-edapho-climatic conditions (>363,000 combinations) in a very large area (\u223c500\u00a0Mha) such as the Brazilian Amazon. All of the methods used showed a decline in SOC stock for the period studied; Century and RothC simulated values for 2030 being about 7% lower than those in 1990. Values from Century and RothC (30,430 and 25,000\u00a0Tg for the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer for the Brazilian Amazon region were higher than those obtained from the IPCC system (23,400\u00a0Tg in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm layer). Finally, our results can help understand the major biogeochemical cycles that influence soil fertility and help devise management strategies that enhance the sustainability of these areas and thus slow further deforestation.", "keywords": ["land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "clay loam acrisol", "550", "330", "no-tillage", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Brazilian Amazon", "regional-scale", "15. Life on land", "matter dynamics", "soil organic carbon", "land-use change", "long-term experiments", "southern brazil", "tropical deforestation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "regional estimates", "eastern amazonia"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-10", "title": "Land Use Changes Affecting Soil Organic Carbon Storage Along A Mangrove Swamp Rice Chronosequence In The Cacheu And Oio Regions (Northern Guinea-Bissau)", "description": "Abstract Guinea-Bissau has the largest area of mangrove swamp rice, an important cropping system that significantly contribute to the food security of the nation. Attempts to reclaim mangrove swamps for rice growing have shown the importance of a greater knowledge on the effects of land use change on soil properties and soil carbon storage. To address this problem, a study was undertaken within Cacheur and Oio regions in Northern Guinea-Bissau, along the following chronosequence: mangrove, rice and abandoned fields. Changes in C/N ratio, \u03b4 13 C and \u03b4 15 N values were used to study the dynamics of C 3 plant-derived and marine-derived carbon (C) in order to analyze the origin of soil organic matter (SOM) and estimate the impact of marine contribution to SOC. Isotopic signatures within the mangrove swamp rice soils suggested the inwelling of marine derived C. SOC stock was estimated in 0\u201310, 0\u201320, 0\u201340 and 0\u201380\u00a0cm soil layers using fixed soil depth (FD) and fixed soil mass (FM) approaches. The significantly highest values were found in mangrove soils and the lowest in the abandoned fields for both sites, while no significant differences were recorded for the topsoil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) between mangrove and rice fields. The results of this study revealed that conversion of mangrove to rice cropping has technical potential of SOC sequestration in the upper part of the soil (0\u201340\u00a0cm). On the other hand, the abandonment of the fields caused decreases in carbon storage along the whole soil depth. These findings may have important implications for national forest carbon monitoring systems and regional level reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) strategies.", "keywords": ["Land-use change; Mangrove; Paddy soils; Soil carbon stock; Stable isotopes", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil carbon stock", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "Paddy soils", "15. Life on land", "Mangrove", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Stable isotopes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-24", "title": "Soil Carbon Turnover And Sequestration In Native Subtropical Tree Plantations", "description": "Approximately 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in subtropical and tropical ecosystems but it is being rapidly lost due to continuous deforestation. Tree plantations are advocated as a C sink, however, little is known about rates of C turnover and sequestration into soil organic matter under subtropical and tropical tree plantations. We studied changes in SOC in a chronosequence of hoop pine (Araucaria cwunninghamii) plantations established on former rainforest sites in seasonally dry subtropical Australia. SOC, delta C-13, and light fraction organic C (LF C < 1.6 g cm(-3)) Were determined in plantations, secondary rainforest and pasture. We calculated loss of rainforest SOC after clearing for pasture using an isotope mixing model, and used the decay rate of rainforest-derived C to predict input of hoop pine-derived C into the soil. Total SOC stocks to 100 cm depth were significantly (P < 0.01) higher under rainforest (241 t ha(-1)) and pasture (254 t ha(-1)) compared to hoop pine (176-211 t ha(-1)). We calculated that SOC derived from hoop pine inputs ranged from 32% (25 year plantation) to 61% (63 year plantation) of total SOC in the 0-30 cm soil layer, but below 30 cm all C originated from rainforest. These results were compared to simulations made by the Century soil organic matter model. The Century model Simulations showed that lower C stocks under hoop pine plantations were due to reduced C inputs to the slow turnover C pool, such that this pool only recovers to within 45% of the original rainforest C pool after 63 years. This may indicate differences in soil C stabilization mechanisms under hoop pine plantations compared with rainforest and pasture. These results demonstrate that subtropical hoop pine plantations do not rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools, and that alternative plantation systems may need to be investigated to achieve greater soil C sequestration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["Araucaria", "C-13", "Soil Science", "Land-use Change", "Storage", "Puerto-rico", "Century model", "01 natural sciences", "C1", "light fraction carbon", "Pasture", "300103 Soil Chemistry", "Southern Queensland", "Rain-forest", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "tree plantations", "Organic-matter Dynamics", "770702 Land and water management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Long-term Trends", "carbon sequestration", "soil organic carbon", "Forest Conversion", "Continuous Cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-17", "title": "The Role Of Controversy, Regulation And Engineering In Uk Biofuel Development", "description": "Abstract Biofuels have undergone a controversial resurgence in the UK since the turn of the century. The aim of this article is to consider this development in the context of ongoing interactions between the controversy and regulatory and engineering activities. It is found that the discursive space of the controversy has increasingly narrowed around environmental issues, particularly greenhouse gas emissions. The implications for biofuel development are considered in the context of changing regulatory and engineering visions in response to indirect land-use change. Opposition to the third generation biofuels may be softened, but it may be more difficult to justify the cost of holistic regulation of land-use change.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Biofuel policy", "Controversy", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Indirect land-use change", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Boucher, Philip", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-12", "title": "Why Does Rainfall Affect The Trend In Soil Carbon After Converting Pastures To Forests? A Possible Explanation Based On Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "Abstract When trees are planted onto former pastures, soil carbon stocks typically either remain constant or decrease, with decreases more common in regions with higher rainfall. We conducted a modelling analysis to assess whether those changes in soil carbon, especially the interaction with rainfall, could be understood through consideration of nitrogen balances. The study was based on simulations with the whole-system ecophysiological model CenW which allowed explicit modelling of both carbon and nitrogen pools and their fluxes through plants and soil organic matter. We found that in a modelled coniferous forest without excess water input, total system nitrogen stocks remained similar to pre-forestation values because there were few pathways for nitrogen losses, and without biological nitrogen fixation or fertiliser inputs, gains were restricted to small inputs from atmospheric deposition. However, tree biomass and the litter layer accumulated considerable amounts of nitrogen. This accumulation of nitrogen came at the expense of depleting soil nitrogen stocks. With the change from input of grass litter that is low in lignin to forest litter with higher lignin concentration, organic-matter C:N ratios increased so that more carbon could be stored per unit of soil nitrogen which partly negated the effect of reduced nitrogen stocks. The increase in C:N ratios was initially confined to the surface litter layer because of slow transfer of material to the mineral soil. Over a period of decades, soil C:N ratios eventually increased in the soil as well. Simulations with different amounts of precipitation showed that greater amounts of nitrogen were leached from systems where water supply exceeded the plants\u2019 requirements. Reduced nitrogen stocks then caused a subsequent reduction in soil organic carbon stocks. These simulations thus provided a consistent explanation for the observation of greater losses of soil organic carbon in high-rainfall systems after converting pastures to forests. More generally, the simulations showed that explicit modelling of the nitrogen cycle can put important constraints on possible changes in soil-carbon stocks that may occur after land-use change.", "keywords": ["land use change", "Rainfall", "Mitigation", "ecophysiology", "nitrogen cyc Afforestation", "Greenhouse", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "CenW", "Land-use change", "lignin", "Greenhouse effect", "afforestation", "carbon cycle", "Forest", "Reforestation", "Keywords: Carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "atmospheric deposition", "Nitrogen dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "ecological modeling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger M. Gifford, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Lan Bin Guo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61047/5/Kirschbaum_Rainfall_affect_in_soil_carbon.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61047/7/01_Kirschbaum_Why_does_rainfall_affect_the_2008.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.072", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-25", "title": "Variation In Carbon Storage Among Tree Species: Implications For The Management Of A Small-Scale Carbon Sink Project", "description": "Despite growing evidence for an effect of species composition on carbon (C) storage and sequestration, few projects have examined the implications of such a relationship for forestry and agriculture-based climate change mitigation activities. We worked with a community in Eastern Panama to determine the average above- and below-ground C stocks of three land-use types in their territory: managed forest, agroforests and pasture. We examined evidence for a functional relationship between tree-species diversity and C storage in each land-use type, and also explored how the use of particular tree species by community members could affect C storage. We found that managed forests in this landscape stored an average of 335 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 , traditional agroforests an average of 145 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 , and pastures an average of 46 Mg C ha \ufffd 1 including all vegetation-based C stocks and soil C to 40 cm depth. We did not detect a relationship between diversity and C storage; however, the relative contributions of species to C storage per hectare in forests and agroforests were highly skewed and often were not proportional to species\u2019 relative abundances. We conclude that protecting forests from conversion to pasture would have the greatest positive impact on C stocks, even though the forests are managed by community members for timber and non-timber forest products. However, because several of the tree species that contribute the most to C storage in forests were identified by community members as preferred timber species, we suggest that species-level management will be important to avoiding C-impoverishment through selective logging in these forests. Our data also indicate that expanding agroforests into areas currently under pasture could sequester significant amounts of carbon while providing biodiversity and livelihood benefits that the most common reforestation systems in the region \u2013 monoculture teak plantations \u2013 do not provide. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Tropical land-use change", "0106 biological sciences", "Clean development mechanism", "13. Climate action", "Ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agroforestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Catherine Potvin, Catherine Potvin, Kathryn R. Kirby,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.072"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.072", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.072", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.072"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gecco.2015.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-13", "title": "Global patterns of the effects of land-use changes on soil carbon stocks", "description": "AbstractDespite hundreds of field studies and at least a dozen literature reviews, there is still considerable disagreement about the direction and magnitude of changes in soil C stocks with land use change. This paper reviews the literature on the effects of land use conversions on soil C stocks, based on a synthesis of 103 recent publications, including 160 sites in 29 countries, with the aims of determining the factors responsible for soil C sequestration and quantifying changes in soil C stocks from seven land use conversions. The results show that as an overall average across all land use change examined, land use conversions have significantly reduced soil C stocks (0.39 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121). Soil C stocks significantly increased after conversions from farmland to grassland (0.30 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121) and forest to grassland (0.68 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121), but significantly declined after conversion from grassland to farmland (0.89 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121), forest to farmland (1.74 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121), and forest to forest (0.63 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121). And after conversion from farmland to forest and grassland to forest, soil C stocks did not change significantly. Globally, soil C sequestration showed a significant negative correlation with initial soil C stocks (P<0.05), and the effects of climatic factors (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation) on soil C sequestration varied between the land use conversion types. Also, the relationships between soil C sequestration and age since land use conversion varied in different land use change types. Generally, where the land use changes decreased soil C, the reverse process usually increased soil C stocks and vice versa. Soil C sequestration dynamics were not determined by age since land use conversion at the global level when all land use change types were combined.", "keywords": ["Farmland", "2. Zero hunger", "Land-use changes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon sequestration rate", "Grassland", "Soil carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gecco.2015.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gecco.2015.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41558-020-0759-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-11", "title": "The proportion of soil-borne pathogens increases with warming at the global scale", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Climate and land-use changes", "Warmer temperatures", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "soilborne plant pathogens", "climatic changes", "Global distribution", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Soil-borne pathogens"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0759-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0759-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Climate%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41558-020-0759-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41558-020-0759-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41558-020-0759-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-07-30", "title": "Substantial Labile Carbon Stocks And Microbial Activity In Deeply Weathered Soils Below A Tropical Wet Forest", "description": "Abstract

Contrary to large areas in Amazonia of tropical moist forests with a pronounced dry season, tropical wet forests in Costa Rica do not depend on deep roots to maintain an evergreen forest canopy through the year. At our Costa Rican tropical wet forest sites, we found a large carbon stock in the subsoil of deeply weathered Oxisols, even though only 0.04\uffe2\uff80\uff930.2% of the measured root biomass (>2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm diameter) to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth was below 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. In addition, we demonstrate that 20% or more of this deep soil carbon (depending on soil type) can be mobilized after forest clearing for pasture establishment. Microbial activity between 0.3 and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth contributed about 50% to the microbial activity in these soils, confirming the importance of the subsoil in C cycling. Depending on soil type, forest clearing for pasture establishment led from no change to a slight addition of carbon in the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth). However, this effect was countered by a substantial loss of C stocks in the subsoil (1\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth). Our results show that large stocks of relatively labile carbon are not limited to areas with a prolonged dry season, but can also be found in deeply weathered soils below tropical wet forests. Forest clearing in such areas may produce unexpectedly high C losses from the subsoil.

", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Costa Rica; deforestation; land-use change; microbial activity; pasture; soil organic carbon; tropical rain forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Content And Composition Of 130-Year Crop, Pasture And Forest Land-Use Managements", "description": "Abstract

Conversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO2. A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function of the soil N content (r=0.98,P<0.001) and the soil carbohydrate (CH) concentration (r=0.96,P<0.001). Statistical analyses found that soil aggregation processes increased as organic C content increased in the forest and pasture soils, but not in the cropped soil. SOC was composed of similar percentages of CHs (49%, 42% and 51%), amino acids (22%, 15% and 18%), lipids (2.3%, 2.3% and 2.9%) and unidentified C (21%, 29% and 27%), but differed for phenolic acids (PAs) (5.7%, 11.6% and 1.0%) for the pasture, forest and cropped soils, respectively. The results suggested that the majority of the surface soil C sequestered in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pasture and forest soils was identified as C of plant origin through the use of CH and PA biomarkers, although the increase in amino sugar concentration of microbial origin indicates a greater increase in microbial inputs in the three subsoils. The practice of permanent pastures and afforestation of agricultural land showed long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term potential for potential mitigation of atmospheric CO2.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "amino acids", "550", "Plant Sciences", "carbohydrates", "lignin", "organic C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "land-use change", "lipids", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phenolic acids"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Martens, Dean A., Reedy, Thomas E., Lewis, David T., (retired),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro/2009039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-10", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change. A Review", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted CO2 returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and timeindependent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably N2O emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to 1 GtCO2 eq.year\u22121 (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "AGRICULTURAL PRATICES", "P05 - Ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et leur gestion", "P06 - Sources d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable", "NITROUS OXIDE", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "CLIMATE CHANGE", "BIOFUELS", "710", "02 engineering and technology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16181", "7. Clean energy", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2570", "land-use change", "CARBON DIOXIDE", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "gaz \u00e0 effet de serre", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34841", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "\u00e9nergie renouvelable", "POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27465", "bioenergy potential", "nitrous oxide", "LCA", "BIOENERGY POTENTIAL", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "source d'\u00e9nergie", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "climate change", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "perennials", "ENERGY CROPS", "GREENHOUSE GASES", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744", "oxyde d'azote", "P40 - M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et climatologie", "PERENNIALS", "agricultural practices", "pollution par l'agriculture", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "greenhouse gases", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25719", "biomasse", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1302", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "AGRONOMIE", "political and economic frameworks", "energy crops", "pratique culturale", "bio\u00e9nergie", "660", "carbon dioxide", "biofuels", "biocarburant", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16002", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16526"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/cirad-00749753/file/Article_ASD.2010.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro/2009039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro/2009039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro/2009039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1017277108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-09", "title": "Carbon Debt Of Conservation Reserve Program (Crp) Grasslands Converted To Bioenergy Production", "description": "

Over 13 million ha of former cropland are enrolled in the US Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), providing well-recognized biodiversity, water quality, and carbon (C) sequestration benefits that could be lost on conversion back to agricultural production. Here we provide measurements of the greenhouse gas consequences of converting CRP land to continuous corn, corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean, or perennial grass for biofuel production. No-till soybeans preceded the annual crops and created an initial carbon debt of 10.6 Mg CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e)\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 that included agronomic inputs, changes in C stocks, altered N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes, and foregone C sequestration less a fossil fuel offset credit. Total debt, which includes future debt created by additional changes in soil C stocks and the loss of substantial future soil C sequestration, can be constrained to 68 Mg CO 2 e\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 if subsequent crops are under permanent no-till management. If tilled, however, total debt triples to 222 Mg CO 2 e\uffc2\uffb7ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 on account of further soil C loss. Projected C debt repayment periods under no-till management range from 29 to 40 y for corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean and continuous corn, respectively. Under conventional tillage repayment periods are three times longer, from 89 to 123 y, respectively. Alternatively, the direct use of existing CRP grasslands for cellulosic feedstock production would avoid C debt entirely and provide modest climate change mitigation immediately. Incentives for permanent no till and especially permission to harvest CRP biomass for cellulosic biofuel would help to blunt the climate impact of future CRP conversion.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Renewable energy", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrous oxide", "Land-use change", "Agriculture", "Carbon balance", "15. Life on land", "Animal Feed", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "United States", "Government Programs", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Cellulose", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017277108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1017277108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1017277108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1017277108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/09064710.2012.751451", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-23", "title": "Regional Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Cultivation Of Winter Wheat And Winter Rapeseed For Biofuels In Denmark", "description": "Abstract Biofuels from bioenergy crops may substitute a significant part of fossil fuels in the transport sector where, e.g., the European Union has set a target of using 10% renewable energy by 2020. Savings of greenhouse gas emissions by biofuels vary according to cropping systems and are influenced by such regional factors as soil conditions, climate and input of agrochemicals. Here we analysed at a regional scale the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with cultivation of winter wheat for bioethanol and winter rapeseed for rapeseed methyl ester (RME) under Danish conditions. Emitted CO2 equivalents (CO2eq) were quantified from the footprints of CO2, CH4 and N2O associated with cultivation and the emissions were allocated between biofuel energy and co-products. Greenhouse gas emission at the national level (Denmark) was estimated to 22.1 g CO2eq MJ\u22121 ethanol for winter wheat and 26.0 g CO2eq MJ\u22121 RME for winter rapeseed. Results at the regional level (level 2 according to the Nomenclature of Terr...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carbon footprint", "greenhouse gas emissions", "Nitrous Oxide", "cropping systems", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "biofuels", "12. Responsible consumption", "land-use change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2012.751451"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Agriculturae%20Scandinavica%2C%20Section%20B%20-%20Soil%20%26amp%3B%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/09064710.2012.751451", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/09064710.2012.751451", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/09064710.2012.751451"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-25", "title": "Revisiting IPCC Tier 1 coefficients for soil organic and biomass carbon storage in agroforestry systems", "description": "Open AccessLos sistemas agroforestales comprenden \u00e1rboles y cultivos, o \u00e1rboles y pastos dentro del mismo campo. A nivel mundial, cubren aproximadamente mil millones de hect\u00e1reas de tierra y contribuyen a los medios de vida de m\u00e1s de 900 millones de personas. Los sistemas agroforestales tienen la capacidad de secuestrar grandes cantidades de carbono (C) tanto en el suelo como en la biomasa. Sin embargo, estos sistemas a\u00fan no se han considerado completamente en el enfoque de la contabilidad C desarrollado por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, en gran parte debido a la alta diversidad de los sistemas agroforestales y la escasez de datos relevantes. Nuestra revisi\u00f3n de la literatura identific\u00f3 un total de 72 art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos revisados por pares asociados con el almacenamiento de biomasa C (50) y con el carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo (SOC) (122), que contienen un total de 542 observaciones (324 y 218, respectivamente). Con base en una s\u00edntesis de las observaciones informadas, presentamos un conjunto de coeficientes de Nivel 1 para el almacenamiento de biomasa C para cada uno de los ocho sistemas agroforestales principales identificados, incluidos cultivos en callejones, barbechos, setos, multiestratos, parques, cultivos perennes sombreados, silvoarables y sistemas silvopastoriles, desglosados por clima y regi\u00f3n. Utilizando la misma clasificaci\u00f3n agroforestal, presentamos un conjunto de factores de cambio de stock (FLU) y tasas de acumulaci\u00f3n/p\u00e9rdida de COS para tres cambios principales en el uso de la tierra (Luc): de tierras de cultivo a agroforester\u00eda; de bosques a agroforester\u00eda; y de pastizales a agroforester\u00eda. A nivel mundial, los factores medios de cambio de stock SOC (\u00b1 intervalos de confianza) se estimaron en 1,25 \u00b1 0,04, 0,89 \u00b1 0,07 y 1,19 \u00b1 0,10, para los tres LUC principales, respectivamente. Sin embargo, estos coeficientes promedio ocultan enormes disparidades entre y dentro de diferentes climas, regiones y tipos de sistemas agroforestales, lo que destaca la necesidad de adoptar los coeficientes m\u00e1s desagregados que se proporcionan en este documento. Alentamos a los gobiernos nacionales a sintetizar datos de experimentos de campo locales para generar factores espec\u00edficos de cada pa\u00eds para una estimaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s s\u00f3lida de la biomasa y el almacenamiento de COS.", "keywords": ["emission factor", "Carbon sequestration", "Biomass (ecology)", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "climate change mitigation", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Climate change mitigation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Enhancement", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Ecology", "Physics", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Forestry", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "Archaeology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "Physical Sciences", "Ecosystem Functioning", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "land use change", "P40 - M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et climatologie", "Science", "QC1-999", "stockage", "Soil Science", "utilisation des terres", "Environmental science", "biomasse", "Ecosystem services", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "Agroforestry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Land use", " land-use change and forestry", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "carbon sequestration", "Agronomy", "Environmental sciences", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-12", "title": "How Can Land-Use Modelling Tools Inform Bioenergy Policies?", "description": "

Targets for bioenergy have been set worldwide to mitigate climate change. Although feedstock sources are often ambiguous, pledges in European nations, the United States and Brazil amount to more than 100 Mtoe of biorenewable fuel production by 2020. As a consequence, the biofuel sector is developing rapidly, and it is increasingly important to distinguish bioenergy options that can address energy security and greenhouse gas mitigation from those that cannot. This paper evaluates how bioenergy production affects land-use change (LUC), and to what extent land-use modelling can inform sound decision-making. We identified local and global internalities and externalities of biofuel development scenarios, reviewed relevant data sources and modelling approaches, identified sources of controversy about indirect LUC (iLUC) and then suggested a framework for comprehensive assessments of bioenergy. Ultimately, plant biomass must be managed to produce energy in a way that is consistent with the management of food, feed, fibre, timber and environmental services. Bioenergy production provides opportunities for improved energy security, climate mitigation and rural development, but the environmental and social consequences depend on feedstock choices and geographical location. The most desirable solutions for bioenergy production will include policies that incentivize regionally integrated management of diverse resources with low inputs, high yields, co-products, multiple benefits and minimal risks of iLUC. Many integrated assessment models include energy resources, trade, technological development and regional environmental conditions, but do not account for biodiversity and lack detailed data on the location of degraded and underproductive lands that would be ideal for bioenergy production. Specific practices that would maximize the benefits of bioenergy production regionally need to be identified before a global analysis of bioenergy-related LUC can be accomplished.

", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "MISCANTHUS", "330", "550", "AGRICULTURE", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "ENERGY", "03 medical and health sciences", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "BENEFITS", "11. Sustainability", "feedstocks", "SWITCHGRASS", "indirect land-use change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "biofuels", "NITROGEN", "greenhouse gas", "13. Climate action", "BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK", "environmental economics", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Interface%20Focus", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14815", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-30", "title": "How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal", "description": "Abstract

There is growing international interest in better managing soils to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content to contribute to climate change mitigation, to enhance resilience to climate change and to underpin food security, through initiatives such as international \uffe2\uff80\uff984p1000\uffe2\uff80\uff99 initiative and the FAO's Global assessment of SOC sequestration potential (GSOCseq) programme. Since SOC content of soils cannot be easily measured, a key barrier to implementing programmes to increase SOC at large scale, is the need for credible and reliable measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) platforms, both for national reporting and for emissions trading. Without such platforms, investments could be considered risky. In this paper, we review methods and challenges of measuring SOC change directly in soils, before examining some recent novel developments that show promise for quantifying SOC. We describe how repeat soil surveys are used to estimate changes in SOC over time, and how long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution sites can serve as sources of knowledge and can be used to test models, and as potential benchmark sites in global frameworks to estimate SOC change. We briefly consider models that can be used to simulate and project change in SOC and examine the MRV platforms for SOC change already in use in various countries/regions. In the final section, we bring together the various components described in this review, to describe a new vision for a global framework for MRV of SOC change, to support national and international initiatives seeking to effect change in the way we manage our soils.This study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (6.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm soil profile (5.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa010.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha) and 10% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (16.81\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa055.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.Treatment effects are traditionally quantified in controlled experiments. However, experimental control is often achieved at the expense of representativeness. Here, we present a data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven reciprocal modelling framework to quantify the individual effects of environmental treatments under field conditions. The framework requires a representative survey data set describing the treatment (A or B), its responding target variable and other environmental properties that cause variability of the target within the region or population studied. A machine learning model is trained to predict the target only based on observations in group A. This model is then applied to group B, with predictions restricted to the model's space of applicability. The resulting residuals represent case\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific effect size estimates and thus provide a quantification of treatment effects. This paper illustrates the new concept of such data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven reciprocal modelling to estimate spatially explicit effects of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change on organic carbon stocks in European agricultural soils. For many environmental treatments, the proposed concept can provide accurate effect size estimates that are more representative than could feasibly ever be achieved with controlled experiments.Bioenergy crops are often classified (and subsequently regulated) according to species that have been evaluated as environmentally beneficial or detrimental, but in practice, management decisions rather than species per se can determine the overall environmental impact of a bioenergy production system. Here, we review the greenhouse gas balance and \uffe2\uff80\uff98management swing potential\uffe2\uff80\uff99 of seven different bioenergy cropping systems in temperate and tropical regions. Prior land use, harvesting techniques, harvest timing, and fertilization are among the key management considerations that can swing the greenhouse gas balance of bioenergy from positive to negative or the reverse. Although the management swing potential is substantial for many cropping systems, there are some species (e.g., soybean) that have such low bioenergy yield potentials that the environmental impact is unlikely to be reversed by management. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding bioenergy crops (e.g., corn, sugarcane, Miscanthus, and fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing tree species), however, can be managed for environmental benefits or losses, suggesting that the bioenergy sector would be better informed by incorporating management\uffe2\uff80\uff90based evaluations into classifications of bioenergy feedstocks.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "life-cycle assessment", "palm oil", "mallee biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "crops", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "oil production systems", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "land-use change", "mitigation options", "miscanthus x giganteus", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "western-australia", "soil organic-carbon", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-20", "title": "The Priming Potential Of Environmentally Weathered Pyrogenic Carbon During Land-Use Transition To Biomass Crop Production", "description": "Abstract

Since land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC) to lignocellulosic biomass crops often causes a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), at least in the short term, this study investigated the potential for pyrogenic carbon (PyC) to ameliorate this effect. Although negative priming has been observed in many studies, most of these are long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incubation experiments which do not account for the interactions between environmentally weathered PyC and native SOC. Here, the aim was to assess the impact of environmentally weathered PyC on native SOC mineralization at different time points in LUC from arable crops to short rotation coppice (SRC) willow. At eight SRC willow plantations in England, with ages of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffc2\uffa0years, soil amended 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9322\uffc2\uffa0months previously with PyC was compared with unamended control soil. Cumulative CO2 flux was measured weekly from incubated soil at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0cm depth, and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface CO2 flux was also measured in the field. For the incubated soil, cumulative CO2 flux was significantly higher from soil containing weathered PyC than the control soil for seven of the eight sites. Across all sites, the mean cumulative CO2 flux was 21% higher from soil incubated with weathered PyC than the control soil. These results indicate the potential for positive priming in the surface 5\uffc2\uffa0cm of soil independent of changes in soil properties following LUC to SRC willow production. However, no net effect on CO2 flux was observed in the field, suggesting this increase in CO2 is offset by a contrasting PyC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced effect at a different soil depth or that different effects were observed under laboratory and field conditions. Although the mechanisms for these contrasting effects remain unclear, results presented here suggest that PyC does not reduce LUC\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced SOC losses through negative priming, at least for this PyC type and application rate.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biomass crops", "Short rotation coppice willow", "Soil organic carbon", "Land-use change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Pyrogenic carbon", "Carbon dioxide", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "biomass crops", " carbon dioxide", " land-use change", " priming", " pyrogenic carbon", " short rotation coppice willow", " soilorganic carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SB"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/75744/1/WRAP_McClean_et_al-2015-GCB_Bioenergy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/796269/1/GCB%20Bioenergy%20-%20Biochar.pdf"}, {"href": "http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34392/1/GCB%20Bioenergy%20-%20Biochar.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "title": "Evaluation Of Carbon Accrual In Afforested Agricultural Soils", "description": "Abstract

Afforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "description": "Abstract

Afforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-10", "title": "Variation In Soil Carbon Stocks And Their Determinants Across A Precipitation Gradient In West Africa", "description": "Abstract

We examine the influence of climate, soil properties and vegetation characteristics on soil organic carbon (SOC) along a transect of West African ecosystems sampled across a precipitation gradient on contrasting soil types stretching from Ghana (15\uffc2\uffb0N) to Mali (7\uffc2\uffb0N). Our findings derive from a total of 1108 soil cores sampled over 14 permanent plots. The observed pattern in SOC stocks reflects the very different climatic conditions and contrasting soil properties existing along the latitudinal transect. The combined effects of these factors strongly influence vegetation structure. SOC stocks in the first 2\uffc2\uffa0m of soil ranged from 20\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for a Sahelian savanna in Mali to over 120\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for a transitional forest in Ghana. The degree of interdependence between soil bulk density (SBD) and soil properties is highlighted by the strong negative relationships observed between SBD and SOC (r2\uffc2\uffa0>\uffc2\uffa00.84). A simple predictive function capable of encompassing the effect of climate, soil properties and vegetation type on SOC stocks showed that available water and sand content taken together could explain 0.84 and 0.86 of the total variability in SOC stocks observed to 0.3 and 1.0\uffc2\uffa0m depth respectively. Used in combination with a suitable climatic parameter, sand content is a good predictor of SOC stored in highly weathered dry tropical ecosystems with arguably less confounding effects than provided by clay content. There was an increased contribution of resistant SOC to the total SOC pool for lower rainfall soils, this likely being the result of more frequent fire events in the grassier savannas of the more arid regions. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms determining the distribution of carbon storage in tropical soils and should contribute significantly to the development of robust predictive models of biogeochemical cycling and vegetation dynamics in tropical regions.

", "keywords": ["550", "Tropical ecosystems", "biotic controls", "West africa", "01 natural sciences", "forest soils", "land-use change", "Precipitation gradient", "Soil bulk density", "senegal", "cycle feedback", "Life Science", "Resistant organic carbon", "organic-matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "savanna soils", "ddc:550", "Soil organic carbon", "sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "stabilization", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "texture", "Soil carbon stocks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02657.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-12", "title": "Energy Balances And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Palm Oil Biodiesel In Indonesia", "description": "Abstract

This study presents a cradle\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90gate assessment of the energy balances and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Indonesian palm oil biodiesel production, including the stages of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC), agricultural phase, transportation, milling, biodiesel processing, and comparing the results from different farming systems, including company plantations and smallholder plantations (either out growers or independent growers) in different locations in Kalimantan and Sumatra of Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that there are considerable differences between the farming systems and the locations in net energy yields (43.6\uffe2\uff80\uff9349.2\uffc2\uffa0GJ\uffc2\uffa0t\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0biodiesel\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as well as GHG emissions (1969.6\uffe2\uff80\uff935626.4\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0CO2eq\uffc2\uffa0t\uffe2\uff88\uff921 biodiesel\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The output to input ratios are positive in all cases. The largest GHG emissions result from LUC effects, followed by the transesterification, fertilizer production, agricultural production processes, milling, and transportation. Ecosystem carbon payback times range from 11 to 42\uffc2\uffa0years.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "net energy yield", "palm oil biodiesel", "330", "greenhouse gas emissions", "ecosystem carbon payback time", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "energy balances", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "land-use change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "farming systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000600037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-28", "title": "Estoques De Carbono E Nitrog\u00eanio E Fra\u00e7\u00f5es Org\u00e2nicas De Latossolo Submetido A Diferentes Sistemas De Uso E Manejo", "description": "

O avan\uffc3\uffa7o das fronteiras agr\uffc3\uffadcolas, caracterizado pela substitui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de ecossistemas naturais por \uffc3\uffa1reas cultivadas, vem se intensificando nas \uffc3\uffbaltimas d\uffc3\uffa9cadas, acarretando altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es na qualidade do solo e na din\uffc3\uffa2mica da mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica do solo (MOS). Assim, o estudo do impacto da ado\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de diferentes sistemas de manejo \uffc3\uffa9 essencial na defini\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de melhores estrat\uffc3\uffa9gias de uso do solo. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es da MOS e os estoques de C e N de Latossolo Vermelho distrof\uffc3\uffa9rrico t\uffc3\uffadpico muito argiloso submetido a diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo: mata nativa (MTN), eucalipto (EUC), pinus (PIN), pastagem (PAS), milho no sistema de cultivo m\uffc3\uffadnimo (MCM) e milho no sistema plantio convencional (MPC). As amostras de solo foram coletadas em setembro de 2004, nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, para avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos estoques de carbono org\uffc3\uffa2nico (CO) e N total (NT); de 0-5 e 0-10 cm, para realiza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o do fracionamento f\uffc3\uffadsico-densim\uffc3\uffa9trico da MO; e de 0-5 cm, para avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o do C da biomassa microbiana (Cmic). O estoque de CO na \uffc3\uffa1rea de eucalipto foi maior do que o determinado na \uffc3\uffa1rea de mata. A propor\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o relativa do CO nas fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es da MOS aumentou na seguinte ordem: C-argila > C-silte > C-areia > C FL. A maior parte (> 90 %) do CO est\uffc3\uffa1 associada \uffc3\uffa0 fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o pesada da MOS, com valores pr\uffc3\uffb3ximos a 98 % nos sistemas cultivados com milho (MPC e MCM). Em rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o aos teores de CO, o Cmic e o C da fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o leve (C FL) s\uffc3\uffa3o indicadores mais sens\uffc3\uffadveis das altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es decorrentes da ado\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo sobre os compartimentos da mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica do Latossolo.

", "keywords": ["mudan\u00e7as no uso do solo e reflorestamento", "biomassa microbiana", "uso do solo", "microbial biomass", "land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)", "global climate change", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "densimetric fractionation", "mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas globais", "fracionamento f\u00edsico-densim\u00e9trico"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832007000600037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000600037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832007000600037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832007000600037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-12", "title": "Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest", "description": "

Abstract. Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH4 and N2O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4\u00a0months. A chamber closure time of 2\u2009min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (100\u2009% and 98.5\u2009% of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux \u2013 MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N2O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25\u2009min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N2O fluxes (85.6\u2009% of measured fluxes are above MDF\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002\u2009nmol\u2009m\u22122\u2009s\u22121). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.

", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "nitrous-oxide", "Environmental management", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "spatial variation", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "Life", "QH501-531", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "biogeochemical controls", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Physics", "n2o", "emissions", "land-use change ; nitrous-oxide ; rain-forest ;biogeochemical controls ; chamber measurements ; spatial variation ; co2 ;emissions; n2o ; respiration", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "chamber measurements", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/785/2019/bg-16-785-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt73p9116t/qt73p9116t.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su132413757", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-14", "title": "The Small Water Cycle in the Czech Landscape: How Has It Been Affected by Land Management Changes Over Time?", "description": "

For the Czech Republic to recover from the effects of past mismanagement, it is necessary to determine how its landscape management can be improved holistically by reinforcing the small water cycle. We conducted a scenario analysis across four time periods using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to determine the effects of land use, land management, and crop rotation shifts since the 1800s in what is now the Czech Republic. The 1852 and 1954 land-use scenarios behaved the most similarly hydrologically across all four scenarios, likely due to minimal landscape transformation and the fact that these two scenarios occur prior to the widespread incorporation of subsurface tile drainages across the landscape. Additionally, the crop rotation of 1920\u20131938 reinforces the small water cycle the most, while that of 1950\u20131989 reinforces the small water cycle the least. Diversified crop rotations should be incentivized to farmers, and increasing the areas of forest, brush, and permanent grassland should be prioritized to further reinforce the small water cycle. It is necessary to foster relationships and open communication between watershed managers, landowners, and scientists to improve the small water cycle and to pave the way for successful future hydrological modeling in the Czech Republic.

", "keywords": ["landscape management; small water cycle; crop rotation; land-use change; scenario analysis; SWAT", "2. Zero hunger", "Land-use change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Small water cycle", "01 natural sciences", "Scenario analysis", "6. Clean water", "Landscape management", "Crop rotation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SWAT", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13757/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13757/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413757"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su132413757", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su132413757", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su132413757"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:36Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Changing plant species composition and richness benefit soil carbon sequestration under climate warming", "description": "Anthropogenic warming and land-use change are expected to accelerate global soil organic carbon (SOC) losses and change plant species composition and richness. However, how changes in plant composition and species richness mediate SOC responses to climate warming and land-use change remains poorly understood. Using data from a 7-year warming and clipping field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we examined the direct effects of warming and clipping on SOC storage versus their indirect effects mediated by plant functional type and species richness. We found that warming significantly increased SOC storage by 8.1% and clipping decreased it by 6.4%, which was closely correlated with the corresponding response of below-ground net primary productivity (BNPP). We also found a negative correlation between SOC storage and species richness, which was ascribed to the increased BNPP via enhancing the dominance of grasses and decreasing species richness under warming. The lower SOC storage under clipping was caused by the clipping-induced decrease in BNPP via weakening the dominance of grasses and increasing species richness. Our findings highlight that the SOC storage in this alpine meadow under climate warming and clipping was primarily governed by BNPP, which was mediated by changes in the dominance of grasses and species richness. Overall, our study demonstrates that shifting to the dominance of grasses and changing species richness would benefit soil C sequestration under climate warming, but this positive effect would be dampened by grazing or hay harvest.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "dominant functional type", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "species richness", "FOS: Natural sciences", "climate warming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yan, Yingjie, Niu, Shuli, He, Yicheng, Wang, Song, Song, Lei, Peng, Jinlong, Chen, Xinli, Quan, Quan, Meng, Cheng, Zhou, Qingping, Wang, Jinsong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Extreme sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) to climate and land use change warrants further research in different terrestrial ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between aggregate and SOC dynamics in a chronosequence of three different land uses of a south Chilean Andisol: a second growth Nothofagus obliqua forest (SGFOR), a grassland (GRASS) and a Pinus radiata plantation (PINUS). Total carbon content of the 0-10cm soil layer was higher for GRASS (6.7 kg C m-2) than for PINUS (4.3 kg C m-2, while TC content of SGFOR (5.8 kg C m-2) was not significantly different from either one. High extractable oxalate and pyrophosphate Al concentrations (varying from 20.3-24.4 g kg-1, and 3.9-11.1 g kg-1, respectively) were found in all sites. In this study, SOC and aggregate dynamics were studied using size and density fractionation experiments of the SOC, \uffce\uffb413C and total carbon analysis of the different SOC fractions, and C mineralization experiments. The results showed that electrostatic sorption between and among amorphous Al components and clay minerals is mainly responsible for the formation of metal-humus-clay complexes and the stabilization of soil aggregates. The process of ligand exchange between SOC and Al would be of minor importance resulting in the absence of aggregate hierarchy in this soil type. Whole soil C mineralization rate constants were highest for SGFOR and PINUS, followed by GRASS (respectively 0.495, 0.266 and 0.196 g CO2-Cm-2d-1 for the top soil layer). In contrast, incubation experiments of isolated macro organic matter fractions gave opposite results, showing that the recalcitrance of the SOC decreased in another order: PINUS>SGFOR>GRASS. We deduced that electrostatic sorption processes and physical protection of SOC in soil aggregates were the main processes determining SOC stabilization. As a result, high aggregate carbon concentrations, varying from 148 till 48 g kg-1, were encountered for all land use sites. Al availability and electrostatic charges are dependent on pH, resulting in an important influence of soil pH on aggregate stability. Recalcitrance of the SOC did not appear to largely affect SOC stabilization. Statistical correlations between extractable amorphous Al contents, aggregate stability and C mineralization rate constants were encountered, supporting this hypothesis. Land use changes affected SOC dynamics and aggregate stability by modifying soil pH (and thus electrostatic charges and available Al content), root SOC input and management practices (such as ploughing and accompanying drying of the soil).

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "NEW-ZEALAND", "DENSITY FRACTIONS", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "HUMIC-ACID", "Life", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "CULTIVATED SOILS", "Ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ALUMINUM", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "MACROORGANIC MATTER", "C SEQUESTRATION", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOREST SOILS", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huygens, D., Boeckx, P., van Cleemput, O., Oyarz\u00fan, C., Godoy, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-159-2005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2-159-2005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-10", "title": "Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon on global croplands", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation and decay of SOC, the management decisions driving these biophysical processes are still little investigated at the global scale. Here we develop a spatially explicit data set for agricultural management on cropland, considering crop production levels, residue returning rates, manure application, and the adoption of irrigation and tillage practices. We combine it with a reduced-complexity model based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier\u00a02 method to create a half-degree resolution data set of SOC stocks and SOC stock changes for the first 30\u2009cm of mineral soils. We estimate that, due to arable farming, soils have lost around 34.6\u2009GtC relative to a counterfactual hypothetical natural state in 1975. Within the period 1975\u20132010, this SOC debt continued to expand by 5\u2009GtC (0.14\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) to around 39.6\u2009GtC. However, accounting for historical management led to 2.1\u2009GtC fewer (0.06\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) emissions than under the assumption of constant management. We also find that management decisions have influenced the historical SOC trajectory most strongly by residue returning, indicating that SOC enhancement by biomass retention may be a promising negative emissions technique. The reduced-complexity SOC model may allow us to simulate management-induced SOC enhancement \u2013 also within computationally demanding integrated (land use) assessment modeling.

", "keywords": ["570", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "agricultural management", "crop production", "SEQUESTRATION", "551", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN-CYCLE", "QH301", "Life", "land cover", "QH501-531", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "soil carbon", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "EMISSIONS", "CROPS", "QH540-549.5", "global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "INTENSIFICATION", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "CLIMATE", "COVER CHANGE", "agricultural land", "13. Climate action", "trajectory", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5125/2022/bg-19-5125-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-20", "title": "Multidecadal Change In Streamflow Associated With Anthropogenic Disturbances In The Tropical Andes", "description": "

Abstract. Andean headwater catchments are an important source of freshwater for downstream water users. However, few long-term studies exist on the relative importance of climate change and direct anthropogenic perturbations on flow regimes in these catchments. In this paper, we assess change in streamflow based on long time series of hydrometeorological data (1974\uffe2\uff80\uff932008) and land cover reconstructions (1963\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) in the Pangor catchment (282 km2) located in the tropical Andes. Three main land cover change trajectories can be distinguished during the period 1963\uffe2\uff80\uff932009: (1) expansion of agricultural land by an area equal to 14 % of the catchment area (or 39 km2) in 46 years' time, (2) deforestation of native forests by 11 % (or \uffe2\uff88\uff9231 km2) corresponding to a mean rate of 67 ha yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and (3) afforestation with exotic species in recent years by about 5 % (or 15 km2). Over the time period 1963\uffe2\uff80\uff932009, about 50 % of the 64 km2 of native forests was cleared and converted to agricultural land. Given the strong temporal variability of precipitation and streamflow data related to El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffe2\uff80\uff93Southern Oscillation, we use empirical mode decomposition techniques to detrend the time series. The long-term increasing trend in rainfall is remarkably different from the observed changes in streamflow, which exhibit a decreasing trend. Hence, observed changes in streamflow are not the result of long-term change in precipitation but very likely result from anthropogenic disturbances associated with land cover change.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "Period (music)", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Urban Flooding", "Precipitation", "02 engineering and technology", "Oceanography", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "land-use change", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Water Science and Technology", "Climatology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Physics", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "Programming language", "Hydrological Modeling and Water Resource Management", "Physical Sciences", "Cartography", "Land cover", "1443", "Hydrometeorology", "Drainage basin", "0207 environmental engineering", "Streamflow", "Environmental science", "G", "Global Flood Risk Assessment and Management", "Meteorology", "Afforestation", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Land use", " land-use change and forestry", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Acoustics", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "Deforestation (computer science)", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Global Drought Monitoring and Assessment", "Land use"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Microbial biomass and water-extractable carbon on Mt. Kilimanjaro", "description": "This dataset presents the value of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable carbon (WOC) at study plots under KiLi project. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable organic carbon (WOC) \u2013 as sensitive and important parameters for soil fertility and C turnover \u2013 are strongly affected by land-use changes all over the world. These effects are particularly distinct upon conversion of natural to agricultural ecosystems due to very fast carbon (C) and nutrient cycles and high vulnerability, especially in the tropics. The objective of this study was to use the unique advantage of Mt. Kilimanjaro \u2013 altitudinal gradient leading to different tropical ecosystems but developed all on the same soil parent material \u2013 to investigate the effects of land-use change and elevation on MBC and WOC contents during a transition phase from dry to wet season. Down to a soil depth of 50\u00a0cm, we compared MBC and WOC contents of 2 natural (Ocotea\u00a0and\u00a0Podocarpus forest), 3 seminatural (lower montane forest, grassland, savannah), 1 sustainably used (homegarden) and 2 intensively used (maize field, coffee plantation) ecosystems on an elevation gradient from 950 to 2850\u00a0m a.s.l. The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.", "keywords": ["land-use change", "microbial carbon dynamics", "tropical ecosystem", "andosol", "elevation gradient", "water-extractable carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15538379", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:14Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Divergent mycorrhizal pathways in soil nutrient cycling and carbon storage under afforestation: insights from large-scale afforestation in China", "description": "Divergent mycorrhizal pathways in soil nutrient cycling and carbon storage under afforestation: insights from large-scale afforestation in China \u00a0 Location: China. Time Period: 1980\u20132024. Major Taxa Studied: Forest. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 169 studies comprising 1459 paired observations from afforestation sites across diverse climatic zones (mean annual precipitation 400\u20131,200 mm). We quantified changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) following cropland-to-forest conversion. Structural equation modelling was employed to disentangle the mechanistic pathways linking mycorrhizal dominance, climate factors, and afforestation duration to soil nutrient responses.", "keywords": ["Forest ecosystem; Land-use change; Meta-analysis; Soil organic carbon; Soil nutrient cycling."], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Yuan, Xiang, Yangzhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15538379"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15538379", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15538379", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15538379"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6460208", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:41Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Subarctic soil carbon losses after deforestation for agriculture depend on permafrost abundance - study data", "description": "Contains the dataset and R code used for the study 'Subarctic soil carbon losses after deforestation for agriculture depend on permafrost abundance'.", "keywords": ["Yukon", " climate change", " chronosequence", " fractionation", " soil organic matter", " land-use change", " Canada", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peplau, Tino, Schroeder, Julia, Gregorich, Edward, Poeplau, Christopher,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6460208"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6460208", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6460208", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6460208"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7219753", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:49Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset to: Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils", "description": "Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils
T. Peplau, C. Poeplau, E. Gregorich, J. Schroeder This repository contains a dataset of soil temperature, soil parameters, farm management and additional site informations. Soil_temperature_data_Yukon.zip: Temperature data from different farms across the Yukon.
Each .xlsx file contains data from one temperature logger that logged soil temperature every 2 hours. The individual sheets are named in the following scheme:
Farm_landuse_depth.xlsx
Farm contains two letters corresponding to the identifier in the soil data set
landuse contains either F ('Forest'), CM ('Cropland / Market Garden') or G ('Grassland')
Depth is either 10 cm or 50 cm teabags.csv contains raw data about the initial weight of the teabags buried, their location and their weight after two years in the soil tea_decomposition contains the mean decomposition (n=3) of the tabags from each plot and corresponding temperature statistics, based on the logger data Soil_I_IV.csv contains soil parameters from soil samples at 0-10 cm and 40-60 cm site_data_R.csv contains geographical information and soil data that has only been measured once per site", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "land-use change", "soil temperature", "Tea bags", "carbon", "soil organic matter", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peplau, Tino, Poeplau, Christopher, Gregorich, Edward, Schroeder, Julia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7219753"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7219753", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7219753", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7219753"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:52Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis", "description": "Open AccessData description This dataset includes detailed information about five different types of land use change reported in \u201cThe effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)\u201d. Lists of five different types of land use change 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland 3) conversion of cropland to forest 4) conversion of grassland to forest 5) conversion of grassland to cropland Lists of detailed information Land use change (pre-LUC, post-LUC) Country, Location, Geographic position (Longitude, Latitude) Altitude (m) Climate zone Weather [rainfall (mm yr-1) and temperature (\u00b0C)] Reported time of change (years) Vegetation type (pre-LUC, post-LUC) Fertilizer (pre-LUC, post-LUC: type, application; change) Soil sampling depth (cm) Soil type [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil pH, bulk density, CEC [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil organic carbon [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil total nitrogen [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil total phosphorus [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil C:N [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil C:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil N:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Reference Data collection method We analyzed five different types of LUC: 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland, 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland, 3) conversion of cropland to forest, 4) conversion of grassland to forest, and 5) conversion of grassland to cropland. We classified primary forest as forest that had not previously been cleared and used for other land uses. The conversion of cropland or grassland to forest includes naturally generated and intentionally planted forest. Cropland is land used for growing agricultural crops and may include short pasture phases, and grassland is land used continuously for grazing purposes, but may include occasional and repeated pasture-renewal phases. While we tried to make categorical distinctions between these land-use types, land uses are often more fluid in practice, which may not always have been stated in the publications underlying our data compilation. When a paper reported both contents and stocks, we used the stock-based measure. We used reported stocks if the original work had already been corrected to equivalent soil mass (Ellert and Bettany, 1995) or if corrected stocks had been reported in previous reviews or meta-analyses (Don et al., 2011; Poeplau et al., 2011; Guo and Gifford, 2002). Where bulk-density correction had not been applied, we tried to make those corrections to estimate changes to equivalent soil mass if studies provided sufficient information on soil bulk density and depth, using the method of Zhang et al. (2004). If that was not possible, we used the reported SOC, TN, or TP contents. Acknowledgements We thank scientists who measured, analyzed, and published the data compiled for this study. We are especially grateful to Drs. Axel Don, Christopher Poeplau, Lex Bouwman, and Gaihe Yang, who provided their global meta-data through personal communication. D.-G.K. acknowledges support from the IAEA CRP D15020. M.U.F.K and L.L.L. were supported by the Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) of New Zealand\u2019s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "land-use change", " greenhouse gas emissions", " soil", " carbon", " nitrogen", " phosphorus", " stoichiometry", " time", " temperature", " rainfall", " forest type", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7656722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10067/1574910151162165141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-12", "title": "Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest", "description": "

Abstract. Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH4 and N2O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4\u00a0months. A chamber closure time of 2\u2009min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (100\u2009% and 98.5\u2009% of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux \u2013 MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N2O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25\u2009min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N2O fluxes (85.6\u2009% of measured fluxes are above MDF\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002\u2009nmol\u2009m\u22122\u2009s\u22121). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.

", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "nitrous-oxide", "Environmental management", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "spatial variation", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)", "3103 Ecology (for-2020)", "land-use change", "Life", "QH501-531", "4101 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (for-2020)", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "04 Earth Sciences (for)", "biogeochemical controls", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)", "41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)", "Ecology", "Physics", "n2o", "emissions", "land-use change ; nitrous-oxide ; rain-forest ;biogeochemical controls ; chamber measurements ; spatial variation ; co2 ;emissions; n2o ; respiration", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "4104 Environmental management (for-2020)", "06 Biological Sciences (for)", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "13 Climate Action (sdg)", "chamber measurements", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)", "Environmental Sciences", "05 Environmental Sciences (for)", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/785/2019/bg-16-785-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt73p9116t/qt73p9116t.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10067/1574910151162165141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10067/1574910151162165141", "name": "item", "description": "10067/1574910151162165141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10067/1574910151162165141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/279275", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-14", "title": "The Small Water Cycle in the Czech Landscape: How Has It Been Affected by Land Management Changes Over Time?", "description": "

For the Czech Republic to recover from the effects of past mismanagement, it is necessary to determine how its landscape management can be improved holistically by reinforcing the small water cycle. We conducted a scenario analysis across four time periods using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to determine the effects of land use, land management, and crop rotation shifts since the 1800s in what is now the Czech Republic. The 1852 and 1954 land-use scenarios behaved the most similarly hydrologically across all four scenarios, likely due to minimal landscape transformation and the fact that these two scenarios occur prior to the widespread incorporation of subsurface tile drainages across the landscape. Additionally, the crop rotation of 1920\u20131938 reinforces the small water cycle the most, while that of 1950\u20131989 reinforces the small water cycle the least. Diversified crop rotations should be incentivized to farmers, and increasing the areas of forest, brush, and permanent grassland should be prioritized to further reinforce the small water cycle. It is necessary to foster relationships and open communication between watershed managers, landowners, and scientists to improve the small water cycle and to pave the way for successful future hydrological modeling in the Czech Republic.

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