{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:13:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-22", "title": "Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic", "description": "Abstract

Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "OPEROPHTERA-BRUMATA", "MOTH HERBIVORY", "insect herbivory", "NUTRIENT RESORPTION", "EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA", "PLANT DEFENSES", "space\u2010for\u2010time substitution", "carbon cycling", "01 natural sciences", "fast cycle versus slow cycle", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "MOUNTAIN BIRCH", "Subarctic mountain birch forest", "QH540-549.5", "Original Research", "Ekologi", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Ecology", "LEAF-AREA INDEX", "space-for-time substitution", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "Climate Science", "ECOSYSTEM CARBON", "13. Climate action", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-23", "title": "Soil N Cycling In Old-Growth Forests Across An Andosol Toposequence In Ecuador", "description": "Abstract Nitrogen (N) deposition in the tropics is predicted to increase drastically in the next decades. The sparse information on N cycling in tropical forests revealed that the soil N status of an ecosystem is the key to analyze its reactions to projected increase in N input. Our study was aimed at (1) comparing the soil N availability of forest sites across an Ecuadorian Andosol toposequence by quantifying gross rates of soil N cycling in situ, and (2) determining the factors controlling the differences in soil N cycling across sites. The toposequence was represented by five old-growth forest sites with elevations ranging from 300\u00a0m to 1500\u00a0m. Our results provide general insights into the role of elevation-mediated factors (i.e. degree of soil development and temperature) in driving patterns of soil N cycling. Gross rates of N transformations, microbial N turnover time, and \u03b415N signatures in soil and leaf litter decreased with increasing elevation, signifying a decreasing N availability across the toposequence. This was paralleled by a decreasing degree of soil development with increasing elevation, as indicated by declining clay contents, total C, total N, effective cation exchange capacity and increasing base saturation. Soil N-cycling rates and \u03b415N signatures were highly correlated with mean annual temperature but not with mean annual rainfall and soil moisture which did not systematically vary across the toposequence. Microbial immobilization was the largest fate of produced NH4+ across all sites, and nitrification activity was only 5\u201311% of gross NH4+ production. We observed a fast reaction of NO3\u2212 to organic N and its role for N retention deserves further attention. If projected increase in N deposition will occur, the timing and magnitude of gaseous N losses may follow the pattern of N availability across this Andosol toposequence.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15N pool dilution technique; Gross N mineralization; NH4+ consumption; Nitrification; Soil and leaf litter; \u03b415N; Tropical forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-20", "title": "Timing leaf senescence : a generalized additive models for location, scale and shape approach", "description": "Accurate estimations of phenophases in deciduous trees are important to understand forest ecosystems and their feedback on the climate. In particular, the timing of leaf senescence is of fundamental importance to trees' nutrient stoichiometry and drought tolerance and therefore to trees' vigor and fecundity. Nevertheless, there is no integrated view on the significance, and direction, of seasonal trends in leaf senescence, especially for years characterized by extreme weather events. Difficulties in the acquisition and analyses of hierarchical data can account for this. We collected four years of chlorophyll content index (CCI) measurements in thirty-eight individuals of four deciduous tree species (Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in Belgium, Norway and Spain, and analyzed these data using generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). As a result, (I) the phenological strategy and seasonal trend of leaf senescence in these tree species could be clarified for exceptionally dry and warm years, and (II) the daily average (air) temperature, global radiation, and vapor pressure deficit could be established as main drivers behind the variation in the timing of the senescence transition date. Our results show that the onset of the re-organization phase in the leaf senescence, which we approximated and defined as local minima in the second derivative of a CCI graph, was in all species mainly negatively affected by the average temperature, global radiation and vapor pressure deficit. All together the variables explained 89 to 98% of the variability in the leaf senescence timing. An additional finding is that the generalized beta type 2 and generalized gamma distributions are well suited to model the chlorophyll content index, while the senescence transition date can be modeled using the normal-exponential-student-t, generalized gamma and zero-inflated Box-Cox Cole and Green distributions for beech, oak and birch, and poplar, respectively.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Physics", "ta1183", "Silver birch", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Generalized additive models for location", "Scale and shape", "European beech", "Pedunculate oak", "Chemistry", "Leaf senescence", "13. Climate action", "European aspen", "ta1181", "0101 mathematics", "Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-20", "title": "A simple and alternative approach based on reference evapotranspiration and leaf area index for estimating tree transpiration in semi-arid regions", "description": "Abstract The present work aims to develop a simple approach relating normalized daily sap flow (liters per unit of leaf area) and daily reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) (mm/day). Two methods (FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) and Hargreaves-Samani (HARG)) of the calculation of ET 0 were tested in order to examine their impact on the established relationships. The data sets used for developing this approach are taken over well irrigated orchards from three experimental sites (olive trees, cv. \u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d, olive trees, cv. \u201c Arbequino \u201d and citrus trees cv. \u201c Clementine Afourar \u201d) conducted in the Tensift region around Marrakech (center of Morocco) and one experimental site (pecan orchard, cv. \u201c Carya illinoinensis, Wangenh. K. Koch\u201d ) conducted in the Yaqui Valley, northwest of Mexico). The results showed that the normalized daily sap flow was linearly correlated with ET 0 (mm per day) calculated by FAO-PM method. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the slope of this linear regression varied between 0.71 and 0.97 and between 0.30 and 0.35, respectively, depending on the type of orchards. For HARG method, the relationship between both terms is also linear but with more discrepancy (R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.7). This was somehow expected since this method is known to underestimate ET 0 values in the semi-arid areas. Afterward, the validation of the developed linear relationship was performed over an olive orchard (\u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d) where the measurements of sap flow were available for another cropping season (2004). The scatter plot between the normalized measured and estimated sap flow based on FAO-PM method reveals a very good agreement (slope\u00a0=\u00a01, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.14\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area). However, for the estimation of normalized sap flow based on HARG method, the correlation is relatively more scattered (slope\u00a0=\u00a00.95, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.35\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area). A further validation was performed using the measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) by eddy correlation system and the results showed that the correlation between normalized measured ET and estimated normalized sap flow is best when using FAO-PM method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.33\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area) for estimating ET 0 than when using HARG method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.51\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area). Finally, the performance of the developed approach was compared to the traditional dual crop coefficient scheme for estimating plant transpiration. Cross-comparison of these two approaches with the measurements data gave satisfactory results with an average value of RMSE equal to about 0.37\u00a0mm/day for both approaches.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Semi-arid", "Sap flow", "Leaf area index", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Reference evapotranspiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Tree orchards", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "056534c0-b8b9-4cc6-8578-871e9710bcd5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.33, 51.53], [12.33, 53.52], [14.99, 53.52], [14.99, 51.53], [12.33, 51.53]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - I4S's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - I4S and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - I4S and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - I4S and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-07-04", "type": "Service", "created": "2024-06-12", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of the dataset 'Soil data I4S Boo\u00dfen experiment 2020-2021'", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'Soil data I4S Boo\u00dfen experiment 2020-2021'", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "crop management", "crop modelling", "fertilization", "crop monitoring", "soil dynamics", "yields", "leaf area index", "Soil", "crop management", "crop modelling", "fertilization", "crop monitoring", "soil dynamics", "yields", "leaf area index"], "contacts": [{"name": "Pablo Rosso", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Pablo.rosso@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Pablo Rosso", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Pablo.rosso@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "ZALF", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Siyu Huang", "organization": "ZALF", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "siyu.huang@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0009-0000-8713-5490", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "crop management"}, {"id": "crop modelling"}, {"id": "fertilization"}, {"id": "crop monitoring"}, {"id": "soil dynamics"}, {"id": "yields"}, {"id": "leaf area index"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "crop management"}, {"id": "crop modelling"}, {"id": "fertilization"}, {"id": "crop monitoring"}, {"id": "soil dynamics"}, {"id": "yields"}, {"id": "leaf area index"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=c48a62ac-3a63-4a92-9786-ad18702bf24b", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/I4S/ID_5401_Boossen_Brandenburg_2010_2021_samplepoint_1/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "056534c0-b8b9-4cc6-8578-871e9710bcd5", "name": "item", "description": "056534c0-b8b9-4cc6-8578-871e9710bcd5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/056534c0-b8b9-4cc6-8578-871e9710bcd5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-09", "title": "Mangrove Growth In New Zealand Estuaries: The Role Of Nutrient Enrichment At Sites With Contrasting Rates Of Sedimentation", "description": "Mangrove forest coverage is increasing in the estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, causing changes in estuarine ecosystem structure and function. Sedimentation and associated nutrient enrichment have been proposed to be factors leading to increases in mangrove cover, but the relative importance of each of these factors is unknown. We conducted a fertilization study in estuaries with different sedimentation histories in order to determine the role of nutrient enrichment in stimulating mangrove growth and forest development. We expected that if mangroves were nutrient-limited, nutrient enrichment would lead to increases in mangrove growth and forest structure and that nutrient enrichment of trees in our site with low sedimentation would give rise to trees and sediments that converged in terms of functional characteristics on control sites in our high sedimentation site. The effects of fertilizing with nitrogen (N) varied among sites and across the intertidal zone, with enhancements in growth, photosynthetic carbon gain, N resorption prior to leaf senescence and the leaf area index of canopies being significantly greater at the high sedimentation sites than at the low sedimentation sites, and in landward dwarf trees compared to seaward fringing trees. Sediment respiration (CO(2) efflux) was higher at the high sedimentation site than at the low one sedimentation site, but it was not significantly affected by fertilization, suggesting that the high sedimentation site supported greater bacterial mineralization of sediment carbon. Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone has a role in facilitating the expansion of mangroves in estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, but this effect is secondary to that of sedimentation, which increases habitat area and stimulates growth. In estuaries with high sediment loads, enrichment with N will cause greater mangrove growth and further changes in ecosystem function.", "keywords": ["nutrient resorption efficiency", "Whangapoua", "0106 biological sciences", "Geologic Sediments", "Nitrogen", "Performance", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "Rhizophora-mangle", "C1", "Oxygen Consumption", "Plant-growth", "Herbivory", "Photosynthesis", "Deposition", "Ecosystem", "580", "photosynthesis", "Avicenna marina", "Ecology", "leaf area index", "Plant Stems", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "Limitation", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "Leaf area index", "770400 Coastal and Estuarine Environment", "Nutrient resorption efficiency", "Waikopua", "Avicennia", "Seasons", "270402 Plant Physiology", "New Zealand"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/pl00008873", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-17", "title": "Leaf Structure And Anatomy As Related To Leaf Mass Per Area Variation In Seedlings Of A Wide Range Of Woody Plant Species And Types", "description": "The structural causes of variation in leaf mass per area, and of variations in leaf structure accounted for by leaf habit and life form, were explored in a set of laboratory-grown seedlings of 52 European woody species. The leaf traits analysed included density, thickness, saturated mass/dry mass, and leaf nitrogen per mass and per area. Other traits described the anatomy of leaves, most of them relating to the lamina (proportions of palisade and spongy parenchymata, epidermis, air space and sclerified tissues, expressed as volume per leaf area, and per-cell transversal areas of epidermis and parenchymata), and another referring to the mid rib (transversal section of sclerified tissues). Across the whole set of species leaf mass per area was correlated with leaf density but not with thickness, and this was confirmed by taxonomic relatedness tests. Denser leaves corresponded with greater proportion of sclerified tissues in the lamina, smaller cells and lower water and N contents, but no relation was found with the proportion of air space in the lamina. Taxonomic relatedness analysis statistically supported the negative association of leaf density with saturated to dry leaf mass ratio. Thicker leaves also exhibited greater volume per leaf area and greater individual cell area in each of the tissues, particularly parenchyma. Mean leaf mass per area and leaf thickness were lower in deciduous than in evergreen species, but no significant differences in leaf density, proportion of sclerified tissues in the lamina or cell area were found between the two groups. Leaf mass per area was higher in trees and subshrubs than in shrubs and climbers-plus-scramblers, this rank being equal for leaf density and proportion of sclerified tissues in the lamina, and reversed for cell area. Given the standardised environment and ontogenetic phase of the seedlings, we conclude that variation in leaf structure and anatomy among species and species groups has a strong genetic basis, and is already expressed early in the development of woody plants. From an ecological viewpoint, we can interpret greater leaf mass per area across this species set as greater allocation to support and defence functions, as shown predominantly by species from resource-poor environments.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Leaf thickness", "Leaf habit", "Ecology", "Taxonomic relatedness analysis", "Life form", "Leaf density", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Castro D\u00edez, Mar\u00eda Del Pilar, Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008873"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008873", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008873", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008873"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-005-0832-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-17", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In A Phosphorus-Deficient Soil Amended With Organic Residues And Fertilizers In Western Kenya", "description": "The contribution of organic resources to the restoration of soil fertility in smallholder farming systems in East Africa is being tested as an alternative to costly fertilizers. Organic inputs are expected to have advantages over fertilizers by affecting many biochemical properties controlling nutrient cycling. Our study examined changes in soil C and N, C and N mineralization, microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), and particulate organic matter (POM) in a P-limiting soil in western Kenya after applications of organic residues and fertilizers to overcome P limitation to crops. Leaf biomass from six different tree (shrub) species was incorporated into the soil at 5 Mg ha\u22121 for five consecutive maize growing seasons, over 2.5 years. Triple superphosphate was applied separately at 0, 10, 25, 50, and 150 kg P ha\u22121 in combination with 120 kg N ha\u22121 as urea. Soil inorganic N, soil organic C, mineralizable N, and total C in all POM fractions and total N in the 53- to 250-\u03bcm POM fraction increased following addition of all organic residues compared to the control. Whether there was an advantage of organic residue incorporation over inorganic fertilizer use depended on the soil parameter studied, the organic residue and the rate of fertilization. Most differences were found in N mineralization where 14.4\u201321.6 mg N kg\u22121 was mineralized in fertilizer treatments compared to 25.2\u201330.5 mg N kg\u22121 in organic residue treatments. C and N mineralization and the 53- to 250-\u03bcm POM fractions were the most sensitive parameters, correlating with most of the studied parameters. Organic residues can contribute to improved soil nutrient cycling while the magnitude of their contribution depends on the biochemical properties of the residues.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "phosphorus fertilizer", "13. Climate action", "microbial biomass carbon", "leaf biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "particulate organic matter", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-005-0832-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-005-0832-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-005-0832-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-005-0832-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2 On Foliar Chemistry Of Saplings Of Nine Species Of Tropical Tree", "description": "This study examined the effects of elevated CO2 on secondary metabolites for saplings of tropical trees. In the first experiment, nine species of trees were grown in the ground in open-top chambers in central Panama at ambient and elevated CO2 (about twice ambient). On average, leaf phenolic contents were 48% higher under elevated CO2. Biomass accumulation was not affected by CO2, but starch, total non-structural carbohydrates and C/N ratios all increased. In a second experiment with Ficus, an early successional species, and Virola, a late successional species, treatments were enriched for both CO2 and nutrients. For both species, nutrient fertilization increased plant growth and decreased leaf carbohydrates, C/N ratios and phenolic contents, as predicted by the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis. Changes in leaf C/N levels were correlated with changes in phenolic contents for Virola (r=0.95, P<0.05), but not for Ficus. Thus, elevated CO2, particularly under conditions of low soil fertility, significantly increased phenolic content as well as the C/N ratio of leaves. The magnitude of the changes is sufficient to negatively affect herbivore growth, survival and fecundity, which should have impacts on plant/herbivore interactions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated CO2", "Ecology", "Panama", "No3 Availability", "Performance", "Insect Herbivore Interactions", "Secondary Metabolism", "phenolic compounds", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "fertilization", "Atmospheric Co2", "Leaf Quality", "Responses", "tropical trees", "Deciduous Trees", "Phenolic-compounds", "Carbon-nutrient Balance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-002-1005-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-25", "title": "Alternation of wet and dry sides during partial rootzone drying irrigation enhances leaf ethylene evolution", "description": "Soil drying increases endogenous ABA and ACC concentrations in planta, but how these compounds interact to regulate stomatal responses to soil drying and re-watering is still unclear. To determine the temporal dynamics and physiological significance of root, xylem and leaf ABA and ACC concentrations in response to deficit irrigation (DI) or partial rootzone drying (PRD-F) and re-watering, these variables were measured in plants exposed to similar whole pot soil water contents. Both DI and PRD-F plants received only a fraction of the irrigation supplied to well-watered (WW) plants, either to all (DI) or part (PRD-F) of the rootzone of plants grown in split-pots. Both DI and PRD-F induced partial stomatal closure, increased root ABA and ACC accumulation consistent with local soil water content, but did not affect xylem or leaf concentrations of these compounds compared to WW plants. Two hours after re-watering all (DI-RW) or part of the rootzone (PRD-A) to the same soil water content, stomatal conductance returned to WW values or further decreased respectively. Re-watering the whole rootzone had no effect on xylem and leaf ABA and ACC concentrations, while re-watering the dry side of the pot in PRD plants had no effect on xylem and leaf ABA concentrations but increased xylem and leaf ACC concentrations and leaf ethylene evolution. Leaf water potential was similar between all irrigation treatments, with stomatal conductance declining as xylem ABA concentrations and leaf ACC concentrations increased. Prior to re-watering PRD plants, accounting for the spatial differences in soil water uptake best explained variation in xylem ACC concentration suggesting root-to-shoot ACC signalling, but this model did not account for variation in xylem ACC concentration after re-watering the dry side of PRD plants. Thus local (foliar) and long-distance (root-to-shoot) variation in ACC status both seem important in regulating the temporal dynamics of foliar ethylene evolution in plants exposed to PRD.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Irrigation", "Stomatal conductance", "Root-to-shoot signalling", "Ethylene", "Physiological significance", "Deficit irrigation", "Plant Science", "Leaf water", "F06 Irrigation", "01 natural sciences", "ACC", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Xylem", "15. Life on land", "F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry", "6. Clean water", "Horticulture", "13. Climate action", "Soil water", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil moisture heterogeneity", "Partial rootzone drying"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/144510/1/Juan_EEB_Manuscript_final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20and%20Experimental%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-23", "title": "Nutrient Limitation In Rainforests And Cloud Forests Along A 3,000-M Elevation Gradient In The Peruvian Andes", "description": "We report results from a large-scale nutrient fertilization experiment along a 'megadiverse' (154 unique species were included in the study) 3,000-m elevation transect in the Peruvian Andes and adjacent lowland Amazonia. Our objectives were to test if nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation shift along this elevation gradient, and to determine how an alleviation of nutrient limitation would manifest in ecosystem changes. Tree height decreased with increasing elevation, but leaf area index (LAI) and diameter at breast height (DBH) did not vary with elevation. Leaf N:P decreased with increasing elevation (from 24 at 200 m to 11 at 3,000 m), suggesting increased N limitation and decreased P limitation with increasing elevation. After 4 years of fertilization (N, P, N + P), plots at the lowland site (200 m) fertilized with N + P showed greater relative growth rates in DBH than did the control plots; no significant differences were evident at the 1,000 m site, and plots fertilized with N at the highest elevation sites (1,500, 3,000 m) showed greater relative growth rates in DBH than did the control plots, again suggesting increased N constraint with elevation. Across elevations in general N fertilization led to an increase in microbial respiration, while P and N + P addition led to an increase in root respiration and corresponding decrease in hyphal respiration. There was no significant canopy response (LAI, leaf nutrients) to fertilization, suggesting that photosynthetic capacity was not N or P limited in these ecosystems. In sum, our study significantly advances ecological understanding of nutrient cycling and ecosystem response in a region where our collective knowledge and data are sparse: we demonstrate N limitation in high elevation tropical montane forests, N and P co-limitation in lowland Amazonia, and a nutrient limitation response manifested not in canopy changes, but rather in stem and belowground changes.", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "0106 biological sciences", "elevation", "Rain", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "nitrogen", "Trees", "Tropical", "montane forest", "Peru", "ecosystem response", "Forest", "phosphorus", "diameter", "2. Zero hunger", "nutrient limitation", "photosynthesis", "leaf area index", "Amaz Fertilization", "Montane", "Keywords: cloud forest", "fertilizer application", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "growth rate", "rainforest"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/7/f5625xPUB64472013.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/9/Meir_email.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/11/01_Fisher_Nutrient_limitation_in_2013.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/13/02_Fisher_Nutrient_limitation_in_2013.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050581", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Responses Of Communities Of Tropical Tree Species To Elevated Co2 In A Forest Clearing", "description": "Communities of ten species of tropical forest tree seedlings from three successional classes were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 in large open-top chambers on the edge of a forest in Panam\u00e1. Communities grew from 20\u2009cm to approximately 2\u2009m in height in 6 months. No enhancements in plant biomass accumulation occurred under elevated CO2 either in the whole communities or in growth of individual species. Reductions in leaf area index under elevated CO2 were observed, as were decreases in leaf nitrogen concentrations and increases in the C:N ratio of leaf tissue. Species tended to respond individualistically to elevated CO2, but some generalizations of how successional groupings responded could be made. Early and mid-successional species generally showed greater responses to elevated CO2 than late-successional species, particularly with respect to increases in photosynthetic rates and leaf starch concentrations, and reductions in leaf area ratio. Late-successional species showed greater increases in C:N ratios in response to elevated CO2 than did other species. Our results indicate that there may not be an increase in the growth of regenerating tropical forest under elevated CO2, but that there could be changes in soil nutrient availability because of reductions in leaf tissue quality, particularly in late-successional species.", "keywords": ["Successional status", "0106 biological sciences", "Biomass allocation", "Leaf chemistry", "1060 Biologie", "Elevated CO2", "Tropical forest tree species", "1060 Biology", "15. Life on land", "2303 Ecology", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050581"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050581", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050581", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050581"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-14", "title": "Soil Respiration In European Grasslands In Relation To Climate And Assimilate Supply", "description": "Soil respiration constitutes the second largest flux of carbon (C) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study provides a synthesis of soil respiration (R(s)) in 20 European grasslands across a climatic transect, including ten meadows, eight pastures and two unmanaged grasslands. Maximum rates of R(s) (R(s(max) )), R(s) at a reference soil temperature (10\u00b0C; R(s(10) )) and annual R(s) (estimated for 13 sites) ranged from 1.9 to 15.9 \u03bcmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1), 0.3 to 5.5 \u03bcmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) and 58 to 1988 g C m(-2) y(-1), respectively. Values obtained for Central European mountain meadows are amongst the highest so far reported for any type of ecosystem. Across all sites R(s(max) ) was closely related to R(s(10) ).Assimilate supply affected R(s) at timescales from daily (but not necessarily diurnal) to annual. Reductions of assimilate supply by removal of aboveground biomass through grazing and cutting resulted in a rapid and a significant decrease of R(s). Temperature-independent seasonal fluctuations of R(s) of an intensively managed pasture were closely related to changes in leaf area index (LAI). Across sites R(s(10) ) increased with mean annual soil temperature (MAT), LAI and gross primary productivity (GPP), indicating that assimilate supply overrides potential acclimation to prevailing temperatures. Also annual R(s) was closely related to LAI and GPP. Because the latter two parameters were coupled to MAT, temperature was a suitable surrogate for deriving estimates of annual R(s) across the grasslands studied. These findings contribute to our understanding of regional patterns of soil C fluxes and highlight the importance of assimilate supply for soil CO(2) emissions at various timescales.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "leaf area index", "577", "temperature", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil CO2 efflux", "13. Climate action", "Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA", "moisture", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "gross primary productivity", "Soil CO2 efflux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-12", "title": "Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks", "description": "Abstract

Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks. beech = spruce; all data in mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121). Secondly, we studied decomposition after fourfold litter manipulations at the 6 mixed species stands: the Oi \u2013 and Oe horizons were removed and replaced by additions of beech \u2013, spruce \u2013 and mixed litter of the adjacent pure stands of known chemical quality and one zero addition (blank) in open rings (20 cm inner diameter), which were covered with meshes to exclude fresh litter fall. Mass loss within two years amounted to 61\u201368% on Flysch and 36\u201344% on Molasse, indicating non-additive mixed species effects (mixed litter showed highest mass loss). However, base cation release showed a linear response, increasing from the spruce \u2013 over the mixed \u2013 to the beech litter. The differences in N release (immobilization) resulted in a characteristic converging trend in C/N ratios for all litter compositions on both bedrocks during decomposition. In the summers 2006 and 2007 we measured CO2 efflux from these manipulated areas (a closed chamber fits exactly over such a ring) as field indicator of the microbial activity. Net fluxes (subtracting the so-called blank values) are considered an indicator of litter induced changes only and increased on both bedrocks from the spruce \u2013 over the mixed \u2013 to the beech litter. According to these measurements, decomposing litter contributed between 22\u201332% (Flysch) and 11\u201328% (Molasse) to total soil respiration, strengthening its role within the global carbon cycle.", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "FLUXES", "Fagus sylvatica", "NUTRIENT RELEASE", "BROADLEAF", "Nutrient cycling", "01 natural sciences", "Mixed species effects", "507015 Regionalforschung", "FORESTS", "FAGUS-SYLVATICA", "CO(2) efflux", "SDG 15 \u2013 Leben an Land", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Picea abies", "Litter decomposition", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PICEA-ABIES", "RESPIRATION", "13. Climate action", "507015 Regional research", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LEAF-LITTER"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.14304", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-21", "title": "Functional traits explain both seedling and adult plant spatial patterns in gypsum annual species", "description": "Abstract

Ecological processes such as seed dispersal or plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions and environmental constraints such as climate or soil heterogeneity are known to influence establishment, and thus the spatial patterns of plant communities and populations. In this study, we hypothesized that key functional traits such as the specific leaf area (SLA), reproductive ratio (reproductive/vegetative biomass), seed mass and maximum plant height would influence the spatial patterns of individual species in annual, gypsophilous plant communities, and that these effects would be modulated by both the soil surface structure (biocrust) and climate (precipitation) conditions.

We mapped the spatial patterns of all plants found in six 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0m plots (more than 1000 individuals per plot) in both the seedling (autumn) and adult stages (spring) under two biocrust experimental conditions (intact vs. disturbed biocrust) during two consecutive years which were contrasted in term of precipitation (dry year and wet year). To assess the spatial patterns of seedlings and adults, we fitted four different spatial point pattern models (i.e. Poisson, inhomogeneous Poisson, Poisson cluster and inhomogeneous Poisson cluster processes) to each of the 242 populations of the 26 most abundant species that had more than 15 individuals per plot.

Most seedling populations exhibited clustered spatial patterns that persisted in the adult stage, which suggests that short\uffe2\uff80\uff90distance dispersal is an adaptive trait for soil specialists such as gypsophilous plants. One\uffe2\uff80\uff90third of the populations fitted an inhomogeneous model best but the physical structure of the biocrust was not related to them. More importantly, we found a connection between the functional strategies of species and the spatial distribution of plants. In particular, during the dry year, irrespective of the biocrust conditions, species with a high SLA and high Rep/Veg mainly exhibited clustered spatial patterns, whereas low SLA and low Rep/Veg were associated with random distributions. Species with heavy and light seed masses had random and clustered patterns, respectively. In both the dry and wet years, species with lower maximum heights had clustered patterns, whereas taller species exhibited random patterns. In addition, species with heavier seeds and greater maximum heights had the largest cluster sizes.

Our results confirm that the spatial patterns of seedlings and adult plants are significantly determined by the functional strategy of each species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Underlying physiological mechanisms of intraspecific variation in growth response to elevated CO2 concentration [CO2] were investigated using two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: Yitpi and H45. Leaf blade elongation rate (LER), leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N) in the expanding leaf blade (ELB, sink) and photosynthesis (A) and C and N status in the last fully expanded leaf blade (LFELB, source) were measured. Plants were grown at ambient [CO2] (~384\uffc2\uffb5molmol\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and elevated [CO2] (~550\uffc2\uffb5molmol\uffe2\uff80\uff931) in the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility. Elevated [CO2] increased leaf area and total dry mass production, respectively, by 42 and 53% for Yitpi compared with 2 and 13% for H45. Elevated [CO2] also stimulated the LER by 36% for Yitpi compared with 5% for H45. Yitpi showed a 99% increase in A at elevated [CO2] but no A stimulation was found for H45. There was a strong correlation (r2=0.807) between LER of the ELB and soluble carbohydrate concentration in LFELB. In ELB, the highest spatial N concentration was observed in the cell division zone, where N concentrations were 67.3 and 60.6mg g\uffe2\uff80\uff931 for Yitpi compared with 51.1 and 39.2mg g\uffe2\uff80\uff931 for H45 at ambient and elevated [CO2]. In contrast, C concentration increased only in the cell division and cell expansion zone of the ELB of Yitpi. These findings suggest that C supply from the source (LFELB) is cultivar dependent and well correlated with LER, leaf area expansion and whole-plant growth response to elevated [CO2].

", "keywords": ["Diurnal regulation of LER", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "070303 Crop and Pasture Biochemistry and Physiology", "leaf blade elongation rate", "diurnal regulation of LER", "gas exchange", "Growth analysis", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Leaf blade elongation rate", "03 medical and health sciences", "Elevated (CO2)", "elevated [CO2]", "Gas exchange", "growth analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/fp14125"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/fp14125", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/fp14125", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/fp14125"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-22", "title": "Increased water-use efficiency and reduced CO2 uptake by plants during droughts at a continental scale", "description": "Severe droughts in the Northern Hemisphere cause widespread decline of agricultural yield, reduction of forest carbon uptake, and increased CO2 growth rates in the atmosphere. Plants respond to droughts by partially closing their stomata to limit their evaporative water loss, at the expense of carbon uptake by photosynthesis. This trade-off maximizes their water-use efficiency, as measured for many individual plants under laboratory conditions and field experiments. Here we analyze the 13C/12C stable isotope ratio in atmospheric CO2 (reported as \u03b413C) to provide new observational evidence of the impact of droughts on the water-use efficiency across areas of millions of km2 and spanning one decade of recent climate variability. We find strong and spatially coherent increases in water-use efficiency along with widespread reductions of net carbon uptake over the Northern Hemisphere during severe droughts that affected Europe, Russia, and the United States in 2001-2011. The impact of those droughts on water-use efficiency and carbon uptake by vegetation is substantially larger than simulated by the land-surface schemes of six state-of-the-art climate models. This suggests that drought induced carbon-climate feedbacks may be too small in these models and improvements to their vegetation dynamics using stable isotope observations can help to improve their drought response.", "keywords": ["FLUXES", "330", "GRASSLAND", "MODELS", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION", "01 natural sciences", "DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "LEAF", "Life Science", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "PRODUCTIVITY", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "15. Life on land", "ATMOSPHERE", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "REDUCTION", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78233/1/manuscript_WUE_v20_maintext.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0212-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s12870-019-1987-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-07", "title": "Measurement of leaf lamina moisture with a low-cost electrical humidity sensor: case study on a wheat water-mutant", "description": "Abstract Background

The presence and persistence of water on the leaf can affect crop performance and thus might be a relevant trait to select for or against in breeding programmes. Low-cost, rapid and relatively simple methods are of significant importance for screening of large populations of plants for moisture analysis of detached leaves. Leaf moisture can be detected using an electric circuit, where the resistance changes are proportional to the moisture of the measured surface. In this study, we present a protocol to analyse genotypic differences through the electrical properties of living or stored tissues, performed using a commercial device. Expanded and non-expanded leaves were compared to determine the effects of leaf maturity on these data. Two wheat genotypes that differ in tissue affinity for bound water were used to define the influence of water status.

Results

The device indirectly estimates leaf moisture content using two electrodes applied to the leaf lamina of fresh and stored samples. Single moisture readings using this moisture meter had mean execution time of ~\uffe2\uff80\uff891.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89min. Exponential associations provided good fits for relationships between the moisture meter reading (MMR) and the electrical resistance applied to the electrodes. MMR normalised for the water/ dry matter ratio (MMRnorm) was lower for mature leaves of the water-mutant than those of wild-type, for the fully hydrated fresh leaves. MMR of fully mature leaves when partially dehydrated and measured after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89min at 27\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C and 40% relative humidity was greater for the water-mutant than the wild-type.

Conclusions

This case study provides a low-cost tool to compare electrical-resistance estimates of leaf moisture content, together with a promising and rapid phenotyping protocol for genotypic screening of wheat under standard environmental conditions. Measurement of changes in MMR with time, of fresh and partially dehydrated leaves, or of MMR normalised to tissue water content allowed for differentiation between the genotypes. Furthermore, the differences observed between genotypes that here relate particular to tissue affinity for bound water suggest that not only the free-water fraction, but also other water fractions, can affect these electrically estimated leaf moisture measures.

", "keywords": ["Wheat breeding", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Bound water; Electrical sensor; Leaf moisture; Wheat breeding; Humidity; Plant Leaves; Triticum; Water", "Methodology Article", "Leaf moisture", "Botany", "Water", "Humidity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Electrical sensor", "QK1-989", "Bound water", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unimore.it/bitstream/11380/1223165/2/rascio2019.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12870-019-1987-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1987-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BMC%20Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12870-019-1987-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12870-019-1987-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12870-019-1987-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/plcell/koac263", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-26", "title": "Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress", "description": "Abstract

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.It has been hypothesized that greater production of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in foliage grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in higher concentrations of defensive compounds in tree leaf litter, possibly leading to reduced rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems of the future. To evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on litter chemistry and decomposition, we performed a 111 day laboratory incubation with leaf litter of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichaux) produced at 36\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa and 56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa CO2and two levels of soil nitrogen (N) availability. Decomposition was quantified as microbially respired CO2and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution, and concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, N, carbon (C), and condensed tannins were monitored throughout the incubation. Growth under elevated atmospheric CO2did not significantly affect initial litter concentrations of TNC, N, or condensed tannins. Rates of decomposition, measured as both microbially respired CO2and DOC did not differ between litter produced under ambient and elevated CO2. Total C lost from the samples was 38\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as respired CO2and 138\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as DOC, suggesting short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pulses of dissolved C in soil solution are important components of the terrestrial C cycle. We conclude that litter chemistry and decomposition in trembling aspen are minimally affected by growth under higher concentrations of CO2.

", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "carbohydrates", "Quaking aspen", "forest-soil", "litter-plant", "nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "Microlysimeter", "soil-chemistry", "cycling-", "populus-tremuloides", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Soil Carbon", "Microbiology of soils", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "chemical-composition", "Organic-matter", "soil-solution", "nutrient-availability", "Tannin", "leaf-litter", "Science", "decomposition-", "Nutrient enrichment", "Carbohydrates", "carbohydrates-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "Nitrogen in soil", "michigan-", "carbon sinks", "C", "Nutrient budget of forests", "Litter", "Populus tremuloides", "Global Change", "tannins-", "Decomposition", "forest-litter", "Foliage", "Carbon dioxide effects on forest litter", "Climatic changes", "15. Life on land", "carbon-nitrogen-ratio", "Forest litter decomposition", "N Ratio", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial-activities", "nitrogen-content"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-27", "title": "Influence Of Land Use (Savanna, Pasture,Eucalyptusplantations) On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In Brazil", "description": "Summary

In Brazil, mostEucalyptusstands have been planted on Cerrado (shrubby savanna) or on Cerrado converted into pasture. Case studies are needed to assess the effect of such land use changes on soil fertility and C sequestration. In this study, the influence of Cerrado land development (pasture andEucalyptusplantations) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) stocks were quantified in southern Brazil. Two contrasted silvicultural practices were also compared: 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation silviculture (EUCSR) versus 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of continuous growth (EUCHF). C and N soil concentrations and bulk densities were measured and modelled for each vegetation type, and SOC and SON stocks were calculated down to a depth of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m by a continuous function.

Changes in SOC and SON stocks mainly occurred in the forest floor (no litter in pasture and up to 0.87\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922and 0.01\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922in EUCSR) and upper soil horizons. C and N stocks and their confidence intervals were greatly influenced by the methodology used to compute these layers. C/N ratio and13C analysis showed that down to a depth of 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm, the Cerrado organic matter was replaced by organic matter from newly introduced vegetation by as much as 75\uffe2\uff80\uff93100% for pasture and about 50% for EUCHF, poorer in N forEucalyptusstands (C/N larger than 18 forEucalyptusstands). Under pasture, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm SON stocks (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) were between 10 and 20% greater than those of the Cerrado (0.21\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), partly due to soil compaction (limit bulk density at soil surface from 1.23 for the Cerrado to 1.34 for pasture). Land development on the Cerrado increased SOC stocks in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm layer by between 15 and 25% (from 2.99 (Cerrado) to 3.86 (EUCSR)\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). When including litter layers, total 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm carbon stocks increased by 35% for EUCHF(4.50\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and 53% for EUCSR(5.08\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), compared with the Cerrado (3.28\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), independently of soil compaction.

", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7071", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5192", "STOCKS ET FLUX", "stockage", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "910", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "utilisation des terres", "p\u00e2turages", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "MANAGEMENT", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5626", "savane", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "azote", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "340", "CONGO", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "sylviculture", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "TREE PLANTATIONS", "CONVERSION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1070", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "AFFORESTATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "EASTERN AUSTRALIA", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "carbone", "impact sur l'environnement", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7156", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "LEAF-LITTER", "STORAGE", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-28", "title": "Impacts Of Experimentally Imposed Drought On Leaf Respiration And Morphology In An Amazon Rain Forest", "description": "Summary

1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The Amazon region may experience increasing moisture limitation over this century. Leaf dark respiration (R) is a key component of the Amazon rain forest carbon (C) cycle, but relatively little is known about its sensitivity to drought.

2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Here, we present measurements of R standardized to 25\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and leaf morphology from different canopy heights over 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83years at a rain forest subject to a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale through\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall reduction (TFR) experiment, and nearby, unmodified Control forest, at the Caxiuan\uffc3\uffa3 reserve in the eastern Amazon.

3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82In all five post\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment measurement campaigns, mean R at 25\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C was elevated in the TFR forest compared to the Control forest experiencing normal rainfall. After 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of the TFR treatment, R per unit leaf area and mass had increased by 65% and 42%, respectively, relative to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment means. In contrast, leaf area index (L) in the TFR forest was consistently lower than the Control, falling by 23% compared to the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment mean, largely because of a decline in specific leaf area (S).

4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The consistent and significant effects of the TFR treatment on R, L and S suggest that severe drought events in the Amazon, of the kind that may occur more frequently in future, could cause a substantial increase in canopy carbon dioxide emissions from this ecosystem to the atmosphere.

", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "0301 basic medicine", "Through-fall exclusion experiment", "moisture transfer", "03 medical and health sciences", "Specific leaf area", "Amazonia", "Tropical forest", "Keywords: carbon cycle", "Climate change", "Para [Brazil] Climate change", "Caxiuana National Forest", "0303 health sciences", "leaf area index", "Night-time foliar carbon emissions", "exclusion experiment", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Leaf dark respiration", "forest canopy", "Moisture deficit", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Leaf area index", "carbon emission", "throughfall", "rainforest", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79379/5/f5625xPUB7833.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79379/7/01_Metcalfe_Impacts_of_experimentally_2010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-20", "title": "Responses Of Deciduous Broadleaf Trees To Defoliation In A Co2 Enriched Atmosphere", "description": "Relatively little is known about the implications of atmospheric CO2 enrichment for tree responses to biotic disturbances such as folivory. We examined the combined effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and defoliation on growth and physiology of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Seedlings were planted in the ground in eight open-top chambers. Four chambers were ventilated with CO2-enriched air (ambient + 283 micromol mol-1) and four chambers were supplied with ambient air. After 6 weeks of growth, half of the leaf area was removed on a subset of seedlings of each species in each CO2 treatment. We monitored subsequent biomass gain and allocation, along with leaf gas exchange and chemistry. Defoliation did not significantly affect final seedling biomass in either species or CO2 treatment. Growth recovery following defoliation was associated with increased allocation to leaf mass in maple and a slight enhancement of mean photosynthesis in aspen. Elevated [CO2] did not significantly affect aspen growth, and the observed stimulation of maple growth was significant only in mid-season. Correspondingly, simulated responses of whole-tree photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] were constrained by a decrease in photosynthetic capacity in maple, and were partially offset by reductions in specific leaf area and biomass allocation to foliage in aspen. There was a significant interaction between [CO2] and defoliation on only a few of the measured traits. Thus, the data do not support the hypothesis that atmospheric CO2 enrichment will substantially alter tree responses to folivory. However, our findings do provide further indication that regeneration-stage growth rates of certain temperate tree species may respond only moderately to a near doubling of atmospheric [CO2].", "keywords": ["defoliation-", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecophysiology", "Quaking aspen", "biomass-allocation", "growth-response", "Growth", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "plant-composition", "Trees", "biomass-", "Spermatophyta-", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "plant-physiology", "defoliation", "Angiospermae-", "leaf-area", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "seedling-growth", "source-sink-relations", "Populus-tremuloides", "gas-exchange", "Populus", "broadleaves-", "deciduous-tree", "forest-trees", "atmosphere-", "trees-", "biomass-production", "Acer saccharum", "Nitrogen", "Carbohydrates", "Acer", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "photosynthesis-", "growth-", "species-differences", "seedlings-", "wisconsin-", "Populus tremuloides", "photosynthesis", "Climatic changes", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Leaves", "leaves-", "Aceraceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Carbon dioxide", "Sugar maple", "Seedlings", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "Acer-saccharum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Volin, John C., Kruger, Eric L., Lindroth, Richard L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.7.435"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/22.7.435", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/22.7.435"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-30", "title": "Crop traits drive soil carbon sequestration under organic farming", "description": "Abstract

Organic farming (OF) enhances top soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands compared with conventional farming (CF), which can contribute to sequester C. As farming system differences in the amount of C inputs to soil (e.g. fertilization and crop residues) are not enough to explain such increase, shifts in crop residue traits important for soil C losses such as litter decomposition may also play a role.

To assess whether crop residue (leaf and root) traits determined SOC sequestration responses to OF, we coupled a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis with field measurements across a European\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide network of sites. In the meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we related crop species averages of leaf N, leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry matter content, fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root C and N, with SOC stocks and sequestration responses in OF vs. CF. Across six European sites, we measured the management\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in SOC stocks and leaf litter traits after long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecological intensive (e.g. OF) vs. CF comparisons.

Our global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis showed that the positive OF\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on soil respiration, SOC stocks, and SOC sequestration rates were significant even in organic farms with low manure application rates. Although fertilization intensity was the main driver of OF\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on SOC, leaf and root N concentrations also played a significant role. Across the six European sites, changes towards higher leaf litter N in CF also promoted lower SOC stocks.

Our results highlight that crop species displaying traits indicative of resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisitive strategies (e.g. high leaf and root N) increase the difference in SOC between OF and CF. Indeed, changes towards higher crop residue decomposability was related with decreased SOC stocks under CF across European sites.

Synthesis and applications. Our study emphasizes that, with management, changes in crop residue traits contribute to the positive effects of organic farming (OF) on soil carbon sequestration. These results provide a clear message to land managers: the choice of crop species, and more importantly their functional traits (e.g. leave and root nitrogen), should be considered in addition to management practices and climate, when evaluating the potential of OF for climate change mitigation.

", "keywords": ["SOC sequestration", "0301 basic medicine", "Organic farming", "Resource economics traits", "Soil Science", "Ecological intensification", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Markvetenskap", "630", "Soil quality", "climate change mitigation", "Climate change mitigation", "03 medical and health sciences", "ecological intensification", "organic farming", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Crop residue", "soil carbon stocks", "'Organics' in general", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "leaf nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "resource economics traits", "meta-analysis", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Meta-analysis", "crop residue", "13. Climate action", "crop traits", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Leaf nitrogen", "Soil carbon stocks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2664.13113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13151", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-07", "title": "Canopy leaf area of a mature evergreen Eucalyptus woodland does not respond to elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] but tracks water availability", "description": "Abstract

Canopy leaf area, quantified by the leaf area index (L), is a crucial driver of forest productivity, water use and energy balance. Because L responds to environmental drivers, it can represent an important feedback to climate change, but its responses to rising atmospheric [CO2] and water availability of forests have been poorly quantified. We studied canopy leaf area dynamics for 28\uffc2\uffa0months in a native evergreen Eucalyptus woodland exposed to free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (the EucFACE experiment), in a subtropical climate where water limitation is common. We hypothesized that, because of expected stimulation of productivity and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency, L should increase with elevated [CO2]. We estimated L from diffuse canopy transmittance, and measured monthly leaf litter production. Contrary to expectation, L did not respond to elevated [CO2]. We found that L varied between 1.10 and 2.20 across the study period. The dynamics of L showed a quick increase after heavy rainfall and a steady decrease during periods of low rainfall. Leaf litter production was correlated to changes in L, both during periods of decreasing L (when no leaf growth occurred) and during periods of increasing L (active shedding of old foliage when new leaf growth occurred). Leaf lifespan, estimated from mean L and total annual litter production, was up to 2\uffc2\uffa0months longer under elevated [CO2] (1.18 vs. 1.01\uffc2\uffa0years; P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.05). Our main finding that L was not responsive to elevated CO2 is consistent with other forest FACE studies, but contrasts with the positive response of L commonly predicted by many ecosystem models.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "Eucalyptus", "leaf area index", "Atmosphere", "Water", "drought", "Carbon Dioxide", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "phenology", "01 natural sciences", "free-air CO2 enrichment", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "leaves", "New South Wales", "litter production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13151"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13151"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13151", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13151", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13151"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-16", "title": "Decomposition Of Soil And Plant Carbon From Pasture Systems After 9 Years Of Exposure To Elevated Co2: Impact On C Cycling And Modeling", "description": "Abstract

Elevated atmospheric CO2 may alter decomposition rates through changes in plant material quality and through its impact on soil microbial activity. This study examines whether plant material produced under elevated CO2 decomposes differently from plant material produced under ambient CO2. Moreover, a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment offered a unique opportunity to evaluate assumptions about C cycling under elevated CO2 made in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil organic matter (SOM) models. Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne plant materials, produced under elevated (60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa) and ambient CO2 at two levels of N fertilizer (140 vs. 560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), were incubated in soil for 90 days. Soils and plant materials used for the incubation had been exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment conditions and had received the N fertilizer for 9 years. The rate of decomposition of L. perenne and T. repens plant materials was unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO2 and rate of N fertilization. Increases in L. perenne plant material C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio under elevated CO2 did not affect decomposition rates of the plant material. If under prolonged elevated CO2 changes in soil microbial dynamics had occurred, they were not reflected in the rate of decomposition of the plant material. Only soil respiration under L. perenne, with or without incorporation of plant material, from the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization treatment was enhanced after exposure to elevated CO2. This increase in soil respiration was not reflected in an increase in the microbial biomass of the L. perenne soil. The contribution of old and newly sequestered C to soil respiration, as revealed by the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 signature, reflected the turnover times of SOM\uffe2\uff80\uff93C pools as described by multipool SOM models. The results do not confirm the assumption of a negative feedback induced in the C cycle following an increase in CO2, as used in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93SOM models. Moreover, this study showed no evidence for a positive feedback in the C cycle following additional N fertilization.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic-matter dynamics", "atmospheric co2", "leaf-litter", "global climate-change", "fumigation-extraction", "microbial biomass-c", "litter decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "dioxide", "13. Climate action", "drying-rewetting frequency", "great-plains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15277", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-12", "title": "Low phosphorus supply constrains plant responses to elevated CO 2 : A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90nutrient required for plant metabolism and growth. Low P availability could potentially limit plant responses to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), but consensus has yet to be reached on the extent of this limitation. Here, based on data from experiments that manipulated both CO2 and P for young individuals of woody and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90woody species, we present a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of P limitation impacts on plant growth, physiological, and morphological response to eCO2. We show that low P availability attenuated plant photosynthetic response to eCO2 by approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90quarter, leading to a reduced, but still positive photosynthetic response to eCO2 compared to those under high P availability. Furthermore, low P limited plant aboveground, belowground, and total biomass responses to eCO2, by 14.7%, 14.3%, and 12.4%, respectively, equivalent to an approximate halving of the eCO2 responses observed under high P availability. In comparison, low P availability did not significantly alter the eCO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in plant tissue nutrient concentration, suggesting tissue nutrient flexibility is an important mechanism allowing biomass response to eCO2 under low P availability. Low P significantly reduced the eCO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf area by 14.3%, mirroring the aboveground biomass response, but low P did not affect the eCO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in root length. Woody plants exhibited stronger attenuation effect of low P on aboveground biomass response to eCO2 than non\uffe2\uff80\uff90woody plants, while plants with different mycorrhizal associations showed similar responses to low P and eCO2 interaction. This meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis highlights crucial data gaps in capturing plant responses to eCO2 and low P availability. Field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based experiments with longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term exposure of both CO2 and P manipulations are critically needed to provide ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale understanding. Taken together, our results provide a quantitative baseline to constrain model\uffe2\uff80\uff90based hypotheses of plant responses to eCO2 under P limitation, thereby improving projections of future global change impacts.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "910", "01 natural sciences", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "soil phosphorus", "Humans", "phosphorus", "Photosynthesis", "mycorrhizae", "soils", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "580", "nutrient concentration", "2. Zero hunger", "plant morphology", "biomass", "plants", "carbon dioxide", "Phosphorus", "mycorrhizas", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "leaf gas exchange", "meta-analysis", "plant nutrient uptake", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15277"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15277"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15277", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15277", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15277"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13581", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-15", "title": "Warming does not delay the start of autumnal leaf coloration but slows its progress rate", "description": "AbstractAim

Initiation of autumnal leaf senescence is crucial for plant overwintering and ecosystem dynamics. Previous studies have focused on the advanced stages of autumnal leaf senescence and reported that climatic warming delayed senescence, despite the fundamental differences among the stages of senescence. However, the timing of onset of leaf coloration (DLCO), the earliest visual sign of senescence, has rarely been studied. Here, we assessed the response of DLCO to temperature.

Location

30\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffc2\uffb0\uffc2\uffa0N in the Northern Hemisphere.

Time period

2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932018.

Major taxa studied

Deciduous vegetation.

Methods

We retrieved DLCO from high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temporal\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution satellite data, which were then validated by PhenoCam observations. We investigated the temporal changes in DLCO and the relationship between DLCO and temperature by using satellite and ground observations.

Results

DLCO was not significantly (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89.05) delayed between 2000 and 2018 in 94% of the area. DLCO was positively (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff89.05) correlated with pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90DLCO mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin) in only 9% of the area, whereas the end of leaf coloration (DLCE) was positively correlated with pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90DLCE mean Tmin over a larger area (34%). Further analyses showed that warming slowed the progress of leaf coloration. Interestingly, DLCO was less responsive to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90DLCO mean Tmin in areas where daylength was longer across the Northern Hemisphere, particularly for woody vegetation.

Main conclusions

The rate of progress of coloration is more sensitive to temperature than its start date, resulting in an extension of the duration of leaf senescence under warming. The dependence of DLCO response to temperature on daylength indicates stronger photoperiodic control on initiation of leaf senescence in areas with longer daylength (i.e., shorter nights), possibly because plants respond to the length of uninterrupted darkness rather than daylength. This study indicates that the onset of leaf coloration was not responsive to climate warming and provides observational evidence of photoperiod control of autumnal leaf senescence at biome and continental scales.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "570", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Economics", "autumnal leaf senescence", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "photoperiod", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "leaf coloration onset", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "environment", "Biology", "Northern Hemisphere", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13581"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13581"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/geb.13581", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/geb.13581", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/geb.13581"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-23", "title": "Woody Biomass Production During The Second Rotation Of A Bio-Energy Populus Plantation Increases In A Future High Co2 World", "description": "Abstract

The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)\uffe2\uff80\uff90levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO2increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO2on woody biomass production of three poplar species (Populus albaL. clone 2AS\uffe2\uff80\uff9011,Populus nigraL. clone Jean Pourtet andPopulus\uffc3\uff97euramericanaclone I\uffe2\uff80\uff90214). Trees were growing in a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density coppice plantation during the second rotation (i.e., regrowth after coppice; 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932004; POPFACE/EUROFACE). Six plots were studied, half of which were continuously fumigated with CO2(FACE; free air carbon dioxide enrichment of 550\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm). Half of each plot was fertilized to study the interaction between CO2and nutrient fertilization. At the end of the second rotation, selective above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground harvests were performed to estimate the productivity of this bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy plantation. Fertilization did not affect growth of the poplar trees, which was likely because of the high rates of fertilization during the previous agricultural land use. In contrast, elevated CO2enhanced biomass production by up to 29%, and this stimulation did not differ between above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground parts. The increased initial stump size resulting from elevated CO2during the first rotation (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932001) could not solely explain the observed final biomass increase. The larger leaf area index after canopy closure and the absence of any major photosynthetic acclimation after 6 years of fumigation caused the sustained CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced biomass increase after coppice. These results suggest that, under future CO2concentrations, managed poplar coppice systems may exhibit higher potential for C sequestration and, thus, help mitigate climate change when used as a source of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90neutral energy.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "atmospheric co2", "elevated co2", "n-fertilization", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "growth", "enrichment face", "hybrid poplar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "pinus-taeda", "poplar plantation", "Bio-energy; Biomass distribution; EUROFACE; FACE; Fertilization; Leaf area index; Photosynthesis; Populus; Short rotation coppice; Woody biomass", "13. Climate action", "no3 availability", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "water-stress", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-06", "title": "Functional Diversity Of Photosynthesis During Drought In A Model Tropical Rainforest - The Contributions Of Leaf Area, Photosynthetic Electron Transport And Stomatal Conductance To Reduction In Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange", "description": "ABSTRACT

The tropical rainforest mesocosm within the Biosphere 2 Laboratory, a model system of some 110 species developed over 12\uffe2\uff80\uff83years under controlled environmental conditions, has been subjected to a series of comparable drought experiments during 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932002. In each study, the mesocosm was subjected to a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff936 week drought, with well\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined rainfall events before and after the treatment. Ecosystem CO2 uptake rate (Aeco) declined 32% in response to the drought, with changes occurring within days and being reversible within weeks, even though the deeper soil layers did not become significantly drier and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level water status of most large trees was not greatly affected. The reduced Aeco during the drought reflected both morphological and physiological responses. It is estimated that the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced 32% reduction of Aeco has three principal components: (1) leaf fall increased two\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold whereas leaf expansion growth of some canopy dominants declined to 60%, leading to a 10% decrease in foliage coverage of the canopy. This might be the main reason for the persistent reduction of Aeco after rewatering. (2) The maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate at high light intensities in remaining leaves was reduced to 71% for three of the four species measured, even though no chronic photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90inhibition occurred. (3) Stomata closed, leading to a reduced ecosystem water conductance to water vapour (33% of pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought values), which not only reduced ecosystem carbon uptake rate, but may also have implications for water and energy budgets of tropical ecosystems. Additionally, individual rainforest trees responded differently, expressing different levels of stress and stress avoiding mechanisms. This functional diversity renders the individual response heterogeneous and has fundamental implications to scale leaf level responses to ecosystem dynamics.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "leaf area", "net ecosystem CO(2) exchange", "photosynthesis", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "chlorophyll fluorescence", "CANOPY TREE", "drought", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "FRENCH-GUIANA", "03 medical and health sciences", "leaf fall", "tropical trees KeyWords Plus: ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS", "PHOTOSYSTEM-II", "XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE", "WATER-VAPOR", "L LEAVES", "13. Climate action", "leaf growth", "tropical rainforest", "photosynthetic electron transport", "GAS-EXCHANGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "Light Inhibition Of Leaf Respiration In Field-Grown Eucalyptus Saligna In Whole-Tree Chambers Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Summer Drought", "description": "SUMMARY

We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO2] and summer drought. Associated with month\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (Rlight) and darkness (Rdark), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of Rlight and Rdark were not significantly affected by [CO2]. By contrast, overall rates of Rdark (averaged across both [CO2]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between Rlight and Rdark when data from all months/treatments were combined (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.8). Variations in Rlight were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/Asat). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Light", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase", "Trees", "Keywords: carbon", "leaf respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Eucalyptus", "concentration (composition)", "droughts", "drought stress", "Photorespiration", "Temperature", "Rlight", "Darkness", "Photochemical Processes", "6. Clean water", "inhibition", "Droughts", "assessment method", "Elevated CO2", "Seasons", "photorespiration", "Nitrogen", "light effect", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "water", "Cell Respiration", "evergreen tree", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "temp Carbon balance", "global change", "580", "photosynthesis", "Drought", "Australia", "carbon dioxide", "temperature", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Leaf respiration", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/5/Light_inhibition_of_leaf_respiration_in_field-grown.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/7/01_Crous_Light_inhibition_of_leaf_2012.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.16047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-08", "title": "Winter's bite: beech trees survive complete defoliation due to spring late\u2010frost damage by mobilizing old C reserves", "description": "Summary

Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90reserves in the wood.

We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (\uffce\uff9414C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars.

During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while \uffce\uff9414C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5\uffc2\uffa0yr from samples collected 27\uffc2\uffa0d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and \uffce\uff9414C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool.

These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source\uffe2\uff80\uff93sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change.

", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "late-frost leaf damage", "Fagus sylvatica", "bomb-radiocarbon (C-14)", "nonstructural carbon", "bomb-radiocarbon (14C)", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "Freezing", "Fagus", "extreme weather event", "Carbohydrate Metabolism", "Carbon Radioisotopes", "Seasons", "resilience"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.16047"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.16047", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.16047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.16047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15201/hungeobull.69.3.4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-02", "title": "Crop growth, carbon sequestration and soil erosion in an organic vineyard of the Vill\u00e1ny Wine District, Southwest Hungary", "description": "

A more resilient adaptation to changing climate calls for crop diversification in vineyards, too. As a contribution to the H2020 collaborative project of the European Union, called Diverfarming, and part of the agroecological experiments during 2018 and 2019, grapevine biomass growth was monitored in connection with carbon storage types in soil and in the deposits removed by soil erosion. Phenometry was carried out interpreting segmented images to follow changes in biomass. It was found that crop growth could be best described by the Richards growth function. The distinction between grapevine and intercrop growth, however, requires further refinement in image analysis. In the laboratory TOC and Ntotal were measured for both the soil and the plant organs as well as for the eroded sediments. Greenhouse gas emissions and photosynthesis were monitored. Looking at the change of Leaf Area Index (LAI) over the growing period, image analysis pointed out the role of cut shoots from pruning in the C and N cycles. Maximum leaf area (at ripening) for guyot cultivation technique was extimated at 7,840 m2 ha-1. Soil loss by erosion was established by sediment traps at the end of vinestock rows. The grain size distribution analysis led to the remarkable result that as erosion proceeded, the ratio of the sand fraction increased but remained within the range for the textural class of loam. Organic matter contents grew to 38 g kg-1. The rate of soil erosion is higher in ploughed than in grassed interrows by orders of magnitude.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Geography (General)", "soil erosion", "leaf area index", "biomass", "Leaf Area Index", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "C/N ratio", "carbon sequestration", "crop diversification", "image analysis", "13. Climate action", "G1-922", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phenometry", "c/n ratio", "organic vineyard"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.69.3.4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hungarian%20Geographical%20Bulletin", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15201/hungeobull.69.3.4", "name": "item", "description": "10.15201/hungeobull.69.3.4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15201/hungeobull.69.3.4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs12244018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-08", "title": "Linkages between Rainfed Cereal Production and Agricultural Drought through Remote Sensing Indices and a Land Data Assimilation System: A Case Study in Morocco", "description": "

In Morocco, cereal production shows high interannual variability due to uncertain rainfall and recurrent drought periods. Considering the socioeconomic importance of cereal for the country, there is a serious need to characterize the impact of drought on cereal yields. In this study, drought is assessed through (1) indices derived from remote sensing data (the vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation health ind ex (VHI), soil moisture condition index (SMCI) and soil water index for different soil layers (SWI)) and (2) key land surface variables (Land Area Index (LAI), soil moisture (SM) at different depths, soil evaporation and plant transpiration) from a Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) over 2000\u20132017. A lagged correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between the drought indices and cereal yield at monthly time scales. The VCI and LAI around the heading stage (March-April) are highly linked to yield for all provinces (R = 0.94 for the Khemisset province), while a high link for TCI occurs during the development stage in January-February (R = 0.83 for the Beni Mellal province). Interestingly, indices related to soil moisture in the superficial soil layer are correlated with yield earlier in the season around the emergence stage (December). The results demonstrate the clear added value of using an LDAS compared with using a remote sensing product alone, particularly concerning the soil moisture in the root-zone, considered a key variable for yield production, that is not directly observable from space. The time scale of integration is also discussed. By integrating the indices on the main phenological stages of wheat using a dynamic threshold approach instead of the monthly time scale, the correlation between indices and yield increased by up to 14%. In addition, the contributions of VCI and TCI to VHI were optimized by using yield anomalies as proxies for drought. This study opens perspectives for the development of drought early warning systems in Morocco and over North Africa, as well as for seasonal crop yield forecasting.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "550", "Science", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agricultural drought", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Environmental science", "remote sensing", "Land data assimilation systems", "Pathology", "assimilation systems", "Biology", "land data assimilation systems", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Vegetation Monitoring", "Water content", "Ecology", "Drought", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "Q", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "cereal yield", "Remote Sensing in Vegetation Monitoring and Phenology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Remote sensing", "semiarid region", "15. Life on land", "agricultural drought", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Cereal yield", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Global Drought Monitoring and Assessment", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Leaf area index", "Medicine", "Semiarid region", "land data", "Vegetation (pathology)"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/24/4018/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/24/4018/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs12244018", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs12244018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs12244018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs71114708", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-05", "title": "Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Tendone Vineyards Using Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Data in a Mediterranean Environment", "description": "

The sustainable management of water resources plays a key role in Mediterranean viticulture, characterized by scarcity and competition of available water. This study focuses on estimating the evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of table grapes vineyards trained on overhead \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctendone\uffe2\uff80\uff9d systems in the Apulia region (Italy). Maximum vineyard transpiration was estimated by adopting the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cdirect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d methodology for ETp proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization in Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, with crop parameters estimated from Landsat 8 and RapidEye satellite data in combination with ground-based meteorological data. The modeling results of two growing seasons (2013 and 2014) indicated that canopy growth, seasonal and 10-day sums evapotranspiration values were strictly related to thermal requirements and rainfall events. The estimated values of mean seasonal daily evapotranspiration ranged between 4.2 and 4.1 mm\uffc2\uffb7d\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while midseason estimated values of crop coefficients ranged from 0.88 to 0.93 in 2013, and 1.02 to 1.04 in 2014, respectively. The experimental evapotranspiration values calculated represent the maximum value in absence of stress, so the resulting crop coefficients should be used with some caution. It is concluded that the retrieval of crop parameters and evapotranspiration derived from remotely-sensed data could be helpful for downscaling to the field the local weather conditions and agronomic practices and thus may be the basis for supporting grape growers and irrigation managers.

", "keywords": ["Landsat 8", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Evapotranspiration", "leaf area index", "Science", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "table grapes", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "Vineyards", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "evapotranspiration; crop coefficient; leaf area index; Landsat 8; RapidEye; remote sensing; vineyards; table grapes", "Crop coefficient; Evapotranspiration; Landsat 8; Leaf area index; RapidEye; Remote sensing; Table grapes; Vineyards; Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)", "remote sensing", "vineyards", "Table grapes", "Crop coefficient", "Leaf area index", "RapidEye", "Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)", "crop coefficient"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/11/14708/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/637935/1/remotesensing2015-07-14708.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71114708"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs71114708", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs71114708", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs71114708"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=LEAF&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=LEAF&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=LEAF&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=LEAF&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 136, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T05:46:48.313193Z"}