This study sought to quantify the influence of \uffe2\uff80\uff98carbon farming\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practices on soil carbon stocks, in comparison with conventional grazing and cropping, in northern New South Wales. The study had two components: assessment of impacts of organic amendments on soil carbon and biological indicators in croplands on Vertosols of the Liverpool Plains; and assessment of the impact of grazing management on soil carbon in Chromosols of the Northern Tablelands. The organic amendment sites identified for the survey had been treated with manures, composts, or microbial treatments, while the conventional management sites had received only chemical fertilisers. The rotational grazing sites had been managed so that grazing was restricted to short periods of several days, followed by long rest periods (generally several months) governed by pasture growth. These were compared with sites that were grazed continuously. No differences in total soil carbon stock, or soil carbon fractions, were observed between sites treated with organic amendments and those treated with chemical fertiliser. There was some evidence of increased soil carbon stock under rotational compared with continuous grazing, but the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) stocks were not significantly different in either of the management contrasts, but tended to show higher values in organic treatments and rotational grazing. The enzymatic activities of \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase and leucine-aminopeptidase were significantly higher in rotational than continuous grazing but statistically similar for the cropping site treatments. Relative abundance and community structure, measured on a subset of the cropping sites, showed a higher bacteria\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff89fungi ratio and provided evidence that microbial process rates were significantly higher in chemically fertilised sites than organic amendment sites, suggesting enhanced mineralisation of organic matter under conventional management. The higher enzyme activity and indication of greater efficiency of microbial populations on carbon farming sites suggests a greater potential to build soil carbon under these practices. Further research is required to investigate whether the indicative trends observed reflect real effects of management.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land Capability and Soil Degradation", "550", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon Sequestration Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Land capability and soil productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr13043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr13043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Stocks In A Vertisol Following 40 Years Of No-Tillage, Crop Residue Retention And Nitrogen Fertilisation", "description": "Abstract Conservation agricultural practices such as no-till (NT) and crop residue retention (CRR), and nutrient application, increases soil organic C (SOC) and are considered effective measures of C sequestration in soil. However, long-term effects of individual components of conservation agriculture and their interactions on SOC are rarely evaluated; as a result, conflicting findings of these practices on SOC are reported in the literature. We measured SOC and soil total N in a balanced factorial experiment, conducted on a Vertisol, consisting of tillage practices (conventional mechanical tillage, CT; and no-tillage, NT), crop residue management (crop residue burned, CRB; and crop residue retained, CRR) and N fertiliser application (no N, 30\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ; and 90\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). The site, in a semiarid subtropical region, was cropped with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) except for 3 years of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), for 40 years using conservation practices. In general, tillage effects on SOC and soil total N were small. Crop residue and N fertiliser interactively increased SOC and total N stocks at 0\u20130.1\u00a0m depth and cumulative stocks at 0\u20130.2\u00a0m and 0\u20130.3\u00a0m depths; that is, CRR increased SOC and soil total N only when N fertiliser was applied, and fertilisation increased SOC and soil total N only under CRR treatment. Depletion of \u03b4 13 C values in CRR treatments and \u03b4 15 N values in N treatments strongly indicated the contribution of crop residue (and root biomass) and N fertiliser to soil organic matter in this Vertisol. From this study and previous findings from this site, it appears, however, the effects of crop residue retention and N fertiliser occurred in early years, and did not continually increase SOC and total soil N with increasing period of conservation practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "Land capability and soil productivity", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr12274", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-13", "title": "Simulation Of N2o Emissions And Mitigation Options For Rainfed Wheat Cropping On A Vertosol In The Subtropics", "description": "The Water and Nitrogen Management Model (WNMM) was applied to simulate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a wheat-cropped Vertosol under long-term management of no-till, crop residue retention, and nitrogen (N) fertiliser application in southern Queensland, Australia, from July 2006 to June 2009. For the simulation study, eight treatments of combinations of conventional tillage (CT) or no-till (NT), stubble burning (SB) or stubble retention (SR), and N fertiliser application at nil (0N) or 90 (90N) kg N/ha.year were used. The results indicated that WNMM satisfactorily simulated the soil water content of the topsoil, mineral N content of the entire soil profile (0\uffe2\uff80\uff931.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89m), and N2O emissions from the soil under the eight treatments, compared with the corresponding field measurements. For simulating daily N2O emissions from soil, WNMM performed best for the treatment CT-SB-90N (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.48, P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.001; RMSE\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff8910.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89g N/ha.day) and worst for the treatment CT-SB-0N (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.03, P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.174; RMSE\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89g N/ha.day). WNMM predicted N2O emissions from the soil more accurately for the fertilised treatments (i.e. 90N v. 0N), and for the residue retained treatments (SR v. SB). To reduce N2O emissions from the no-till and fertilised treatments, three scenarios were examined: application of nitrification inhibitor, application of controlled-release fertiliser, and deep placement of liquid fertiliser (UAN32). Only the deep placement of UAN32 below the 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth was effective, and could reduce the N2O emissions from the soil by almost 40%.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N2O emissions", "Vertosol", "Mitigation", "Soil biology", "WNMM simulation", "13. Climate action", "Wheat cropping", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Land capability and soil productivity", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr12274"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr12274", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr12274", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr12274"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Land+capability+and+soil+productivity&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Land+capability+and+soil+productivity&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Land+capability+and+soil+productivity&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Land+capability+and+soil+productivity&offset=3", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 3, "numberReturned": 3, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-25T11:19:21.339766Z"}